专题四 任务型阅读第一节 考情揭秘
第一节 考情揭秘
考点设置
最近4年江苏高考任务型阅读题考点情况分析一览表
年份 标题 词数 阅读文体
2013 Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious 414 说明文
2012 “Happiness Advantage” Effect 471 说明文
2011 When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not 428 议论文
2010 The Magnetic Sense—the Living Compass 525 说明文
命题特点
江苏省高考英语任务型阅读题近4年文章体裁以说明文和议论文为主,词数在400—550之间。
本题型在测试考生阅读理解能力的基础上,对阅读信息进行二次加工,归纳要点,筛选、整合和综合概括零散信息,以表格的形式侧重考查考生的单词拼写、词性转换、句式转换、段落归纳等综合能力。特别要求考生掌握文章大意和分析文章结构、提纲和框架的能力要求。
在2013年高考英语卷中,五题能从文章中找到原词,比如4,5,7,8和10题;两题需要进行转换,比如2和6题;还有三题既不是简单的查找题,也不是简单的归纳标题,而是需要查找后在多个段落中进行综合归纳,是近年新出现的题型,比如1,3和9题。
在复习中,除了阅读类题目对阅读的要求外,要特别注重对常用词汇、词义转换的掌握和对文中句子、段落与文章之间的逻辑关系的剖析。第二节 导学精练
题型诠释
一、 信息查找题
信息查找题的解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息。常用方法是带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记。如:
1. 时间先后:first, then, after that, next, finally等。
2. 因果:because, thus, lead to, caused by, as a result of, now that, since, as等。
3. 比较:similarly, differently, like, unlike, but, while, however, instead, on the contrary等。
4. 转折:but, while, however, instead, on the contrary等。
二、 信息转换题
根据问题查找并定位信息后,要加工分析信息并转换成另一种表达方式,达到组织信息的目的。常见的转换方式有:词性转换;句子结构转换;另选他词来释义。如:
1. 释义
If you ignore your diet, trouble will follow. (pay no attention to)
2. 同义词或反义词转换
He didn’t pass the final examination.
→He failed the final examination.
3. 句子结构转换
It will not be long before we take an exam.
→We will take an exam soon(before long).
4. 前缀和后缀转换
The boy felt uncomfortable with his new classmates. (not comfortable)
5. 词性转换
Liu Qian, a famous magician from Taiwan, is popular all over China.
→Liu Qian, a famous magician from Taiwan, is gaining popularity all over China.
6. 归纳型转换
这是近年高考出现的新颖题型。文中给予学生合适的信息,让学生自己动脑思考,分析归纳总结出正确的结论。这类题目的立意在于培养学生的理解能力、思维能力和综合分析能力。
比如:根据这一段内容第一段中讲述的认真尽责的人的特点:“The everyday signs of conscientiousness(认真尽责)—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous(一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should.”可知,认真尽责的人守时,工作细心,自律严谨等等,这都说明他们对自己要求很严格。所以该题 “Conscientious people are very with themselves.”中应该填strict。
因此,这就要求我们在教学中要加强对学生综合的分析、理解、归纳等思维能力的培养。
三、 信息归纳题
1. 解题时一般很难从阅读材料的字面意思找到答案,必须根据文章内容,对句群、段落和全文进行合理的推断与归纳。如:
归纳下面一段话“We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.” 文章开头点明文章的主题句:从正反两方面讨论考试作为一种升学就业的手段的公平性及其合理性。所以The passage mainly focuses on . 答案为examination and equality“考试与公平”。平时练习中,要多进行句式转换练习。
2. 平时帮助学生罗列、记忆高频归纳性词汇。这些词一般具有概括性,在最大程度上覆盖了栏内信息,也有针对性。如:
主题(topic, theme, thesis)
原因[reason (for), cause (of)]
结果(result, effect, consequence)
目的(aim, purpose, goal)
方法[way (to do sth.), measure, solution (to sth.), method, approach (to sth.)]
观点[opinion, view, attitude (towards)]
异同(differences, similarities)
优劣(advantages, disadvantages; strengths, weaknesses; benefits, drawbacks)
建议(tips, suggestions, advice)
其他(time, place, events, behaviour, feelings, process, example, definition, classification)
(一)(2013·江苏卷)
Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious
The everyday signs of conscientiousness(认真尽责)—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous(一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.
Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.
Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer(缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.
There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.
But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.
When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity(自发性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.
Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。通常来说,认真尽责的人工作尽职尽责、守时自律、愿意帮助别人等等;同时认真尽责也有它的不足,如阻碍发明创造,对同事过于苛求而容易批评他人影响关系。
【解题思路】
1. strict 信息归纳题。文章第一段第一句讲述的认真尽责的人的特点:being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities,他们守时,工作细心,自律严谨等等都说明他们对自己要求很“严格”。题目中还需要考生联想到短语be strict with的搭配。
2. helpful/good 信息转换题。文章第一段中“It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who...”说明,认真尽责的人对别人是“有帮助的”。
3. Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance 信息归纳题。文章的第二、三、四段阐述了认真尽责的“好处和重要性”。
4. running/working/going/operating/functioning 信息查找题。从文章第一段第一句“...the people who keep things running as they should.”中查找。
5. performance(s) 信息查找题。从文章第二段第三句“It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization...”可查找答案。
6. fired/dismissed/jobless 信息转换题。根据文章第三段第二句“Conscientiousness also offers a buffer against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market,...”可知,认真尽责的人不容易失去工作,转换为动词形式或形容词“失业的”。
7. problems/troubles 信息查找题。从文章第五段第一句“But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems.” 可查找答案。
8. higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced 信息查找题。从文章第四段第二句“...giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.”可知,雇主对认真尽责的人的工作评价可能比客观表现过于高一点。
9. tense/damaged/poor/bad 信息归纳题。根据文章第五段中的be overly judgmental 和tended to criticize co-workers 可知,认真尽责的人对同事过于主观、苛求,往往容易批评同事,造成关系紧张,关系搞砸。
10. discourage/affect/damage 信息查找题。从文章第六段第一句“...it can discourage creativity.” 中查找可知,认真尽责现象有可能阻碍创造性。
(二)(2013·安徽卷)
Aristotle once wrote that “happiness is a state of activity”. In other words, whether you’re seeking lifelong satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer, you’ve got to move forward. We’ve interviewed the experts and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood(心情):
Over a 30-year period,University of Illinois researchers asked nearly 120,000 people how income, education, political participation, volunteer activities and close relationships affected their happiness. Reported Newsweek’s Sharon Begley on the findings, “The highest levels of happiness are found with the most stable and satisfying relationships.”
Singing aloud, talking to a stranger, raising your hand: All may increase a feeling of happiness, according to a study from Wake Forest University. Participants(参与者) followed the development of their moods for two weeks and reported feeling happier when they were more outgoing and less happy when reserved or withdrawn.
The editors of gave $5 or $20 to 46 strangers by chance. Half the group was told to spend the money on themselves, while the other half was told to spend it on others. Those who’d shared the wealth felt much happier at the end of the day than those who’d spent it on themselves. There was no difference in happiness between those who spent $5 or $20, suggesting that it’s not how much money you spend, but how you spend it, that inspires the spirit.
Studies from the Positive Psychology Center showed that discouraged people who wrote down three good things that happened to them each day for six months reported an improved attitude.
Drinking water really can help keep you cheerful. A small 2012 study from the University of Connecticut suggested that even slight dehydration(脱水) affected the moods of its female participants.
Title: (1) for Happiness
Introduction You will move (2) in the course of finding happiness.
The findings of (3) Some (4) toward happiness
Value your relationships The (5) happiness lies in the most stable and satisfying relationships.
(6) yourself You can gain happiness by singing aloud or talking to others.
Spend money on others Your spirit will be inspired by (7) the wealth.
(8) on the positive Your attitude would be improved when you fix your attention on good things.
Drink water If a woman takes in enough water, her (9) of happiness may remain.
Conclusion Happiness can be found if all (10) have been done.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。亚里士多德曾说过“幸福是一种活动状态(心态)”。换言之,无论你是追求终生的满足还是片刻的愉悦,你都得继续前行。本文作者咨询了有关专家,得到了通往阳光心情的五个步骤:珍惜亲密关系;表达自我;为别人花钱;专注于积极事物和多喝水。
【解题思路】
1. Look(ing)/Search(ing)/Seek(ing) 信息归纳题。第一题所在部分为文章标题,它要能概括全文内容。全文叙述的是有关幸福的话题。根据第一段第二句“In other words, whether you’re seeking lifelong satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer, you’ve got to move forward.”及全文围绕幸福的五个步骤如何找到幸福阐述可知,要注意选择短语“ +for” 意思是“寻求;寻找”,故选用Look(ing)/Search(ing)/Seek(ing)这些词,另外还请注意单词首字母的大小写及动
词采用的形式,就标题而言,可用动词原形或动词的-ing形式。
2. forward/ahead/on 信息查找题。根据文章第一段中的you’ve got to move forward提示,另可依据表格中的形式还可用ahead/on 等副词来表示“继续向前”的意思。
3. experts/researchers 信息查找题。根据文章第一段最后一句“We’ve interviewed the experts and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood.”以及第二段第一句“Over a 30-year period, University of Illinois researchers asked...”可知,此处为专家或研究人员研究发现的结果。
4. steps/ways 信息查找题。从文章第一段最后一句“We’ve interviewed the experts and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood.”中可查找。而表格此处标题下方正好给出了5种方法或步骤。
5. greatest 信息转换题。根据文章第二段最后一句中“The highest levels of happiness are found with the most stable and satisfying relationships.”可知,the highest levels of转换为同义词greatest来修饰happiness,意为“最大的幸福”。
6. Express 信息转换题。根据文章第三段最后一句中feeling happier when they were more outgoing and less happy when reserved(矜持的) or withdrawn(孤僻的)的信息对比分析,可知性格外向、开朗的人会更开心,正好与表格中的“You can gain happiness by singing aloud or talking to others.”一致,所以 yourself应为“表达你自己”,再由列表中第6题所在列的其他小标题可知,此处应用动词原形,用express,注意该单词首字母要大写。
7. sharing 信息查找题。根据文章第四段第三句“Those who’d shared the wealth felt much happier at the end of the day than those who’d spent it on themselves.”可知选用share一词,又由介词by可知,此空格应该填sharing。
8. Focus/Concentrate 信息转换题。根据文章第五段“...showed that discouraged people who wrote down three good things that happened to them each day for six months reported an improved attitude.”可知,人们需要关注积极一面的重要性,以及表格中后一部分的when you fix your attention on good things可推知第8空应为“关注/聚焦”一些积极的事情。
9. feeling/mood/sense 信息查找题。根据文章最后一段第二句“A small 2012 study from the University of Connecticut suggested that even slight dehydration affected the moods of its female participants.”可知,饮水适当与否会影响幸福感或情绪。
10. these/those 信息归纳题。根据第10空前的小标题Conclusion以及上面陈述的5 steps/ways,可以推知结论为“如果做到了以上所有这些/那些,那么就可以获得幸福。”
及时训练
题组一 句型转换
一、 信息查找题专练
1. New research says 35 per cent of child deaths worldwide are caused by hunger. The research comes from poor to middle-income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
→The theme of the passage is that is children’s big killer.
2. In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their inboxes with urgent demands.
→Leaders tend to their assistants too often.
3. In doing so, managers lift everyone’s anxiety level, which activates the part of the brain...
→Such a management style may result in greater and less productivity in the assistants.
4. But because success is a moving target—as soon as you hit your target, you raise it again—the happiness that results from success does not last long.
→As a matter of fact, your won’t keep your happiness long.
5. Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
→The modern brings light to many dark situations.
6. In this fast-paced world, many values are undergoing major changes. While people traditionally prioritize caring, sharing and generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbed and self-concerned.
→ are changing.
7. If someone in the chat room is rude to you, you needn’t to fire back. You should either ignore(不理睬) the person, or use your chat software to block their messages. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.
→In the chat room we must respect others’ and opinions.
8. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front-page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
→The panda is a animal.
9. The spaceship goes round the earth at an altitude(海拔高度) of about 200 kilometers above its surface. At such altitudes there is no atmosphere which protects the life on the earth. The conditions of outer space are very harmful to man. The boiling point of liquids(液体) goes down with pressure. But pressure outside the spaceship is nearly zero. In such conditions the decompression(减压) of the spacesuit may cause the boiling of the blood and quick death. There is radiation from space and it is harmful.
→The altitude is so high that there is no atmosphere which protects the life on the earth. At the same time, the astronauts usually meet with some problems, such as problem, radiation problem, breathing problem, heat problem and so on.
10. The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record.
→Public apology is much more than a personal .
11. The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent.
→Why has the issue of public apology been so now in the USA
12. During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before.
→In an apology , admission of all sorts of wrongdoings is more required than before.
13. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. More articles, cartoons, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.
→The importance of public apologies has been widely reported in mass media.
14. Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable.
→Being public figures, leaders are to appear strong and capable.
15. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky.
→Making apologies is to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky.
16. As one member of the senior team told me a year later, Wolfgang’s emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global one.
→The manager remained to the company.
17. The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear. Studies show that students who take part in such programs show better work habits, higher rates of homework completion, improved grades, and higher scores on achievement tests. They also have fewer absences and are less likely to blame. After-school programs also influence high-risk teen behavior.
→The theme of the passage is on academic performance.
18. Liu Qian is a young magician from Taiwan. At the age of 7, he began to love and decided to learn magic. Liu didn’t go to any magic school. He practised tricks every day to improve his skills, until one day he was able to put on a show for his class. He saw the surprise on everyone’s face, and he felt it was cool.
→At his show for his class, he found everyone and he felt it was cool.
19. Meanwhile, scientific development also means performances can be measured and studied far more accurately. Not only are winning times more accurately recorded, but cheating athletes are also easier to catch out. According to International Olympic Committee (IOC) requirements, two independent measuring systems should be used at all venues(比赛地点). Athens 2004 organizers used only the very latest equipment to measure distance and speed.
→Science can get results more accurately.
20. Main factors causing these problems are pressure from school or work and a fast pace of life, but noise pollution and light pollution also interfere with sleep and contribute to poor quality sleep. The survey’s findings are particularly troubling because large numbers of people were found to have difficulty sleeping at night. The short-term effects of this are tiredness and trouble concentrating. If this happens for a long time, the risk of gaining weight and having a heart attack may increase.
→The topic of the passage is causing sleep problems.
二、 信息转换题专练
1. You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly.
→Keep records of the sources just in .
2. Because of the economic crisis, many people had to look for a temporary job.
→The economic crisis made it hard to find a job.
3. Many people need guidance in choosing a career (职业). Fortunately, there is much information on the Web about job opportunities. With all the information available, it’s not surprising that people can feel confused.
→There is a lot of job information online, but too much of it may sometimes be .
4. He dare not speak out his decision in public. So we have to get his idea in the other way.
→He may be willing to tell us his decision .
5. Everything in the house was neat and tidy. But the naughty boy changed it thoroughly.
→The naughty boy left everything in the house in a .
6. Is it possible for the police to find the lost boy
→Is there any that the police will find the lost boy
7. Tom was admitted to the university, and he was glad.
→Tom was glad about his to the university.
8. Children act more like adults than they used to.
→Children today as if they were adults.
9. After three hours of waiting for the train, our patience was finally exhausted.
→After three hours of waiting for the train, we became more and more .
10. Don’t lie in the strong sunlight for long time, which will do much harm to your skin.
→ of the body to strong sunlight for long time can be harmful to your skin.
11. Footprints are one of the few pieces of hard evidence supporting the idea that there is Yeti.
→Footprints are one of the few pieces of hard evidence that support the of Yeti.
12. The senator argued with the President about the new tax bill.
→The issue brought about a heated .
13. Positive, negative, and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are.
→Messages from others help you who you are.
14. Everyone should hand in his homework by May 30th, or he will be punished.
→The for the homework is May 30th.
15. In time of war, one should fight in defense of his country.
→Whenever war breaks out, everyone should fight to his country.
16. Research shows that when people work with a positive mindset(思维模式), performance on nearly every level—productivity, creativity, involvement—improves.
→Research findings: People perform better when thinking .
17. However, the travel rush usually begins up to two weeks before that, and will last 40 days beginning from Jan. 11 to Feb. 19.
→The travel rush begins from Jan. 11 and ends on Feb. 19, 40 days.
18. Scientists have only recently been able to gain access to the area.
→The area has been to scientists only recently.
19. Look, a new theatre is being constructed there. Soon, we can enjoy good movies anytime.
→Look, a new theatre is under there. Soon, we can enjoy good movies anytime.
20. In 1969 Apollo Ⅱ took three men to the moon successfully.
→The United States in putting three men on the moon.
三、 信息归纳题专练
1. Volunteering does much good to a volunteer. For example, volunteering offers you chance to develop ability, skill and personal strengths. As part of a volunteer group, you get first-hand exposure to use and learn communication and teamwork dynamics.
→The of volunteering are to offer you chance to develop ability, skill and personal strengths and make you use and learn communication and teamwork dynamics.
2. Literature is a term used to describe written as well as spoken material. Generally speaking, it is often used to describe anything from creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama and fiction.
→The of literature is stated here.
3. The program is intended to prevent accidental injuries and deaths.
→The of the program is to prevent accidental injuries and deaths.
4. The program is intended to prevent accidental injuries and deaths.
→The of the program is that we prevent accidental injuries and deaths.
5. Doctor Black says the studies show that food programs need to place the greatest importance on the first two years of life. It is high time their diets were improved. Diets should include foods rich in vitamin A and other useful vitamins and minerals. The researchers say early help such as this could reduce child deaths by 25%.
→The to save children are that diets should be improved and that diets should contain food with rich vitamins and minerals.
6. Bilingual means that they try to have the knowledge of two more languages.
→The sentence explains to us the of bilingual.
7. IC (Integrated Circuit) Microprocessor Cards (chip cards) offer a larger memory and better security than the traditional magnetic stripe cards do. Chip cards can also hold data. These cards are used for many things. Thus, chips have been the main platform for cards that hold a secure digital identity. Some examples of these cards are: Cards that hold money. Cards that provide safe access to a network. Cards that allow setting stop boxes on televisions to remain safe from privacy.
→ The passage informs us of the of cards.
8. Additionally, more than 40 per cent of the parents didn’t know how to help their children to prepare well for sports activities. For instance, they don’t know how to have their children warm up or realize the importance of a playground-check before sports activities.
→ The passage states the of sports activities.
9. Blood also protects you. It has special cells in it that fight germs. The cells in your blood that fight germs are called “white cells”. These are like an army for your body. They kill harmful germs that get into your blood. When a large number of germs enter your body, the number of white cell “soldiers” grows. A lot of blood moves to the area where the germs are. The white cell “soldiers” attack the germs and kill them. The used white cells and dead germs form the thick yellow liquid called pus(脓).
→The title is How Blood You.
10. In my opinion, cultural differences should simply be seen a way of making his life interesting.
→Right towards cultural differences is that we see cultural differences a way of making our life interesting.
11. So it can be concluded that we should try our best to learn and master two more languages.
→The is that we should try our best to learn and master two more languages.
12. People appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure. However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and to build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.
→The above tells of the author’s towards the topic.
13. Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.
→No one teaching method can be devised to all students at the same time.
14. Some feel that they haven’t eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.
→People have different in food.
15. Cathy Moulton from Diabetes UK suggests that people with diabetes do a minimum of 30 minutes of appropriate physical activity on at least five days of the week.
→Cathy Moulton’s on controlling diabetes is that for five days a week, people with diabetes should do at least 30-minute’s physical activity.
16. Burt’s Bees’s then-CEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach. Each day, he’d send out an e-mail praising a team member for work related to global marketing. He’d interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams about the company’s values. He asked me to further a three-hour session with employees on happiness in the course of the expansion effort.
→John Wolfgang was of his assistants’ feelings.
17. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel(方向盘), his car becomes the additional part of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and completely selfish. All their hidden anger, disappointments and envies seem to be exposed by the act of driving.
→ for so many road accidents are that a man tends to become ill-mannered and behave in an aggressive way when driving a car and that all the hidden anger, disappointments and envies are exposed by the act of driving.
18. A code(规则,准则) which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through inflexible annual tests for safety.
→ that should be taken to reduce road accidents are that the driving test should be standardized and made much more difficult and all the drivers should take a test every three years.
19. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.
→Today the problem of environment has become more and more .
20. Most scientists are now certain that global warming is taking place. Gases such as carbon dioxide produced by burning of coal, oil, wood, together with industrial pollution, are creating a warm blanket around the earth. This blanket is trapping heat in the atmosphere and so raising the temperature of the earth.
→The of global warming is that of gases from burning coal, oil, and wood with industrial pollution.
题组二 任务型阅读
(一)
We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(把……按能力分班) pupils. It does not take account of the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright children. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade! Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual(智力的) ability. This is only one aspect for their total personality.
We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, but not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: This gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work. It does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.
Topic: Pupils-streamed Teaching or Mixed-ability Teaching
Introduction Bright children can enrich their knowledge and (1) through mixed-ability teaching.
(2) in streaming pupils Have a bad (3) on both the bright and not-so-bright children. (4) the pupils who are at the bottom of the top grade.
(5) of mixed-ability teaching (6) pupil’s full abilities. Give them the (7) to learn to cooperate and to share. Develop leadership skills. Help to learn how to (8) personal problems. Help to learn how to think, to make decisions and to communicate effectively.
Comment Personal qualities and (9) skills are (10) for those who support mixed-ability teaching.
(二)
You probably have lists of items to remember and steps to follow in order to have the best pet-friendly trip. There are, however, a few things that are best left at home. Here are a few things to forget when you’re travelling with pets. Forgetting them will make your trip run more smoothly and more effectively.
Time
Travelling with pets will take longer and will have unexpected turns. In reality, forgetting about time means leaving impatience behind. Don’t be in a rush. Your pets will require more extra stops than you will, and they’ll often surprise you with unpredictable delays. Plan on leaving early and arriving later and you’ll be right on time.
Anger
Getting angry at the delay will only make matters worse. Your feelings can add unnecessary stresses to you and your pets’ travel experience. If you feel yourself becoming out of control, stop and take a deep breath. Your pets have little control over their emotions, bowel movements, or motion sickness when travelling. Remember to be kind and understanding at all times, especially when under pressure.
Work attitude
This may seem like a no-brainer, but when you are travelling, leave your work attitude behind. Travelling is not a task to be accomplished; it can be an enjoyable and memorable experience for both you and your pets as long as you have the right attitude.
Control
Part of the joy of travelling with pets is dealing with the unexpected. You can’t control everything and trying to do so will only end in frustration and anger. Knowing that things will happen beyond your control will bring great relief to you and your pets. Messes happen; accidents happen. Once you accept that, travelling with your pets will be far easier to manage.
Selfishness
Travelling with pets often requires an extreme amount of selflessness. Your pets rely on you to take care of their needs, and sometimes you will need to put their needs before your own. Leave your selfish ambitions behind when travelling with your pets. They need your attention and care more than anything else because of the stresses and strains of travelling.
Travelling with pets can and will be a joy if you remember to leave these five items behind. It can be difficult at times to handle, but the travelling will go well if you can manage to do so.
Title: Travelling with Pets
Benefit You’ll have a(an) (1) and more effective trip by following the tips.
Five thingsto(2) Time ·Travelling with pets will take longer and have unexpected turns.·Plan on (3) early to be on time.
Anger ·Anger will only make matters worse when you are (4) . ·Your pets can (5) control themselves during the trip.
Workattitude ·Leave your work attitude behind.·Right attitude can (6) you an enjoyable and memorable travelling experience.
Control ·Dealing with the unexpected can be (7) . ·Once you accept that, you will find travelling is not that (8) to manage.
Selfishness ·Travelling with pets often requires you to be (9) . ·Your pets rely on you to take care of their needs.·At times you should put your needs behind theirs.
(10) Travelling with pets can be a joy and your trip will be successful.
(三)
The State of Hawaii is a state of the United States, located on a group of islands in the central Pacific Ocean southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia. The state was admitted to the Union on August 21st, 1959, making it the 50th state. Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oahu. The most recent census puts the state’s population at 1,211,537.
This state includes nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian Island chain, which is made up of hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles. At the south-eastern end of the group of islands, the eight “main islands” are Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Kahoolawe, Maui, and Hawaii. The last by far the largest, and is often called the “Big Island” or “Big Isle” to avoid confusion with the state as a whole.
Hawaii’s tallest mountain, Mauna Kea stands at 13,796ft (4,205m) but is taller than Mount Everest if followed to the base of the mountain—on the floor of the Pacific Ocean.
All of the Hawaiian Islands were formed by volcanoes erupting from a magma(岩浆) source described in geological theory as a hot spot. The theory maintains that as the plate beneath much of the Pacific Ocean moves in a north-westerly direction, the hot spot remains quiet, slowly creating new volcanoes. This explains why only volcanoes on the southern half of the Big Island, and the Loihi Seamount deep below the waters off its southern coast, are presently active, with Loihi being the newest volcano to form.
The last volcanic eruption outside the Big Island occurred at Haleakala on Maui in the late 18th century, though recent research suggests that Haleakala’s most recent eruption could be hundreds of years earlier.
Because of the islands’ volcanic formation, native life before human activity is said to have arrived by the “3W’s”: wind (carried through the air), waves (brought by ocean currents), and wings (birds, insects, and whatever they brought with them). The complete separation of the Hawaiian Islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean from any continent, and the wide range of environments to be found on high islands located in and near the tropic(回归线), have resulted in a vast variety of plants and animals. Hawaii has more endangered species per square mile and has lost a higher percentage of its local species than anywhere else on Earth.
Outlines Details
(1) on a group of islands in the central Pacific Ocean
(2) to the Union on August 21st, 1959
Population 1,211,537
Formation of the Hawaiian Islands eruptions of (3)
The HawaiianIsland chain (4) of hundreds of islands
eight “main islands” with the largest called the “Big Island” or “Big Isle” to avoid being (5) with the name of the state
The tallest mountain Mauna Kea with an (6) of 13,796ft
Ways of the (7) of native life “3 W’s”: wind, waves and wings
(8) of varieties of plants and animals being completely (9) in the middle of the Pacific Ocean from other continental (10) on high islands in and near the tropic
(四)
It’s important to get along with your teacher because it makes that time you spend in the classroom more pleasant. It can also help you learn how to deal with the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life.
In fact, students who get along with their teachers not only learn more, but they’re more comfortable asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier to understand new material and do your best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to when you have problems with such things as learning or school issues.
Then what does “getting along” with your teacher mean It means you and your teacher have a way of communicating that works for both of you and you both are getting what you need from the relationship. For your teacher, he or she wants to make sure you are listening carefully, being respectful and polite, and trying your best to learn. For you, you want a teacher who is respectful to you, answers your questions, and tries to help you learn.
However, teachers and students sometimes have personality clashes (冲突), which can happen between any two people. If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better, he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen. By solving a problem like this, you learn something about how to get along with people who are different from you.
Take these steps if the problem seems difficult to solve:
Talk to an adult you can trust. For example, talk with your parents about what to do next. Lots of times, a meeting can be set up to discuss the problem. This may clear the air and make things better. Give it time. You may not feel immediately comfortable with your teacher, and that may change as you get to know one another.
Remember that everyone’s goal should be to create trust and kindness.
Title: Getting Along with Your Teachers
Theme It is important to get along with your teachers.
Advantages ·You can learn more and enjoy being in (1) . ·You can learn how to deal with different kinds of people.·You do not have any worries about (2) questions. ·You can get (3) help.
(4) ·The teacher (5) you, answers your questions and tries to help you learn. ·You pay (6) , show respect and do your best.
Problem (7) ·Let your teacher know you wish to (8) the situation. ·Turn to an adult you trust for advice.·Set up a (9) to discuss the problem. ·Give it time, and you will feel (10) with your teacher.
趁热打铁,事半功倍。请同学们及时完成《配套检测与评估》中相应的练习。
专题四 任务型阅读 第二节 导学精练
及时训练
题组一 句型转换
一、
1. hunger
2. bother/annoy
3. anxiety/concern/worry
4. success/achievements
5. flashlight
6. Values
7. beliefs
8. popular
9. pressure
10. performance/act/activity
11. urgent
12. culture
13. growing/increasing/rising
14. expected/supposed/required
15. likely
16. loyal/devoted/committed/faithful
17. effect(s)
18. surprised
19. measured
20. factors
二、
1. case
2. permanent
3. confusing
4. secretly
5. mess
6. possibility
7. admission
8. behave
9. impatient
10. Exposure
11. existence
12. argument
13. determine
14. deadline
15. defend
16. positively
17. lasting
18. accessible
19. construction
20. succeeded
三、
1. advantages/benefits
2. definition
3. purpose
4. intention/purpose
5. ways
6. concept
7. advantages
8. problems
9. Protects
10. attitude
11. conclusion
12. attitude
13. satisfy
14. tastes
15. suggestion
16. considerate/aware/conscious
17. Reasons
18. Measures/Actions
19. serious
20. cause
题组二 任务型阅读
(一)
本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述聪明的孩子很少受到因混合能力编班教学的影响，相反，他们的知识和经验得到丰富。而按能力高低分班的教学却有许多缺点；它会对聪明的和不太聪明的孩子有不好的影响。
1. experience
2. Disadvantages
3. effect
4. Discourage
5. Advantages
6. Develop
7. chance/opportunity
8. solve
9. social
10. important
(二)
本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了和自己的宠物一起旅游的无限乐趣。
1. smoother
2. forget
3. leaving
4. delayed
5. hardly
6. bring
7. joyful
8. difficult
9. selfless
10. Conclusion
(三)
本文是一篇说明文。夏威夷州是美国的一个州，位于一组在美国大陆西南太平洋中部的岛屿，日本的东南部和澳大利亚的东北部。文章主要阐述了美国夏威夷州的地理位置、构成以及火山喷发对它的岛屿形成等的影响。
1. Location
2. Admission
3. volcanoes
4. composed/consisting
5. confused
6. altitude
7. arrival
8. Causes
9. separated
10. environments
(四)
本文是一篇议论文。跟你的老师相处好是重要的，因为它让你在课堂上更愉快。它也可以帮助你学会如何应对生活中遇到的不同类型的人。
1. class
2. asking
3. extra
4. Meaning
5. respects
6. attention
7. solving
8. improve
9. meeting
fortable
