译林版（2020）必修第三册：Unit 1 Nature in the Balance单元检测卷 A卷 （有答案解析）

Unit 1 Nature in the Balance A卷 基础夯实—2022-2023学年高一英语译林版（2020）必修第三册单元达标测试卷
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Train Information
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
Lost property(失物招领)
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located(位于) at Roma Street station.
Public holidays
On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days, i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visit .au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.
Customers using mobility devices
Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.
Guardian trains(outbound)
Depart Origin Destination Arrive
6:42 pm Altandi Varsity Lakes 7:37 pm
7:29 pm Central Varsity Lakes 8:52 pm
8:57 pm Fortitude Valley Varsity Lakes 9:52 pm
11:02 pm Roma Street Varsity Lakes 12:22 am
1.What would you do to get ticket information
A.Call 13 16 17. B.Visit .au.
C.Ask at the local station. D.Check the train schedule.
2.At which station can you find the lost property office
A.Altandi. B.Roma Street.
C.Varsity Lakes. D.Fortitude Valley.
3.Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes
A.6:42 pm. B.7:29 pm. C.8:57 pm. D.11:02 pm.
B
It was the 9th day of Wuhan lockdown(封锁) starting on January 23. My parents left because they had been running fever(发烧) for several days You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called "Strawpocalypse," a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic," Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
1.What are Von Wong's artworks intended for
A.Beautifying the city he lives in. B.Introducing eco-friendly products.
C.Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D.Reducing garbage on the beach.
2.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in Paragraph 3
A.To show the difficulty of their recycling. B.To explain why they are useful.
C.To voice his views on modern art. D.To find a substitute for them.
3.What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers
A.Calming. B.Disturbing. C.Refreshing. D.Challenging.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety B.Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C.Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D.Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
C
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl(水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. "Ding" Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
1.1What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A.Loss of wetlands. B.Popularity of water sports.
C.Pollution of rivers. D.Arrival of other wild animals.
2.What does the underlined word "decimate" mean in the first paragraph
A.Acquire. B.Export. C.Destroy. D.Distribute.
3.What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A.The stamp price has gone down. B.The migratory birds have flown away.
C.The hunters have stopped hunting. D.The government has collected money.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.The Federal Duck Stamp Story B.The National Wildlife Refuge System
C.The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D.The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
D
The coronavirus pandemic (新冠疫情) has brought with it the rise of a new kind of single-use plastic in the form of personal protective equipment (PPE), like face masks and gloves. Experts warned that these sharply increasing single-use items could cause a new wave of plastic pollution and kill wildlife.
The charity Ocean Conservancy reported that volunteers had collected more than 100,000 PPE items from coasts and waterways during the last six months of 2020. They sent out a survey to more than 200 International Coastal Cleanup (ICC) coordinators and volunteers asking about their experience with PPE. The results show that it is a real problem. Volunteers collected 107,219 pieces of PPE in 70 of 115 participating countries. Of those surveyed, 94% reported seeing PPE at a clean-up, and 40% found five items or more. Further, 37% found the items had already sunk into the water.
“During one of our clean-ups in the canals of Leiden, our volunteers found a latex (乳胶) glove with a dead fish trapped in the thumb,” said Auke-Florian Hiemstra, a study coauthor from Leiden University. “Also, in the Dutch canals, we observed that a water bird was using face masks and gloves in its nests.” Other animals that have gotten trapped in face masks include a fox in the UK, a pufferfish in Florida, and two crabs in France. Numerous dogs and cats have been observed eating PPE as well.
The danger posed by PPE goes deeper than what the eye can see. Luckily, there are ways that all of us can be part of the solution to the problem of PPE pollution. Hiemstra suggested using reusable PPE instead of single-use products. In that case, we should deal with them properly by cutting the ear loops to prevent animal entanglements (缠绕物) and throwing them away in a bin that is not overstuffed. “We definitely think it is important for citizens to understand how much PPE is ending up in the environment and impacting animals,” Hiemstra said.
4.What can we infer from the numbers in paragraph 2
A. The large amount of PPE in the environment.
B. Volunteers’ great efforts to protect the ocean.
C. The leading cause of ocean pollution.
D. Difficulties of cleaning up plastic waste in the ocean.
5.Which of the statements is TURE according to the passage
A. PPE is attractive to dogs and cats due to its smell.
B. PPE pollution has done harm to many animals’ lives.
C. Water birds may not be influenced by plastic pollution.
D. Litter makes it hard for boats to pass through the canals.
6.Which of the solutions did Hiemstra mention to reduce PPE pollution
A. Raising the price of PPE items.
B. Cleaning the rubbish bin regularly.
C. Replacing single-use products with reusable ones.
D. Limiting the production of non-recyclable plastic.
7.What is the passage mainly talking about
A. The decline of wildlife due to overhunting.
B. The shortage of personal protective equipment.
C. The increasing number of coronavirus patients.
D. The plastic pollution caused by anti-pandemic products.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You can run pretty much anywhere, with pretty much no equipment. So it must be easy to start—just put one foot in front of the other, right
Not quite.
Starting a new training program, like most things, is stepping into an unfamiliar area. ①_____ Most people start out too hard, which leads to unnecessary tiredness and possible injury; or they just burn themselves out, feeling that the last thing they want to do is go out for another heavy, painful run. Getting through that early period is the key to both running's benefits and pleasures.
②_____ You may want to start running to make your heart stronger, to up your endurance for other sports, or even just to fit into your tux again. Those are all worthy goals and setting them is the valuable aid to getting where you want to go.
If you like a challenge, your goal might be running the local 5K, or something more ambitious, like finishing a Tough Mudder obstacle run of qualifying for the Boston Marathon. A typical beginner who trains properly—without overdoing it—can safely finish a 5K after about three months. ③_____
Whatever you decide to aim for, committing to it will help your progress greatly. ④_____ While a short, easy run a few times a week is better than having no run, it's not nearly as exciting as looking up at—then reaching—the next level.
Then don't get ahead of yourself. ⑤_____ And gradually you can become a good run beginner.
A. Figure out why you're running.
B. The new training program will pay off.
C. And it is possible for him to take part in a marathon after a year.
D. Otherwise you tend to make no further progress.
E. That is a remarkable achievement for a run beginner.
F. You should resist the urge to run too hard, too much, or too often.
G. You're eager but unsure, excited but potentially easy to make errors.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I had a student today who got his finger stuck inside a test tube in science class. It was really quite stuck. This young man's finger 1 to get whiter and whiter right before my eyes.
Remaining 2 , I suggested he carefully rotate(转动) the tube. It wouldn't move a bit. He 3 soap and cold water. Still stuck. Meanwhile 4 was breaking out in the class. 5 , I sent the young man to our secretary, who was a miracle worker raising three kids of her own. With her in charge, I was 6 all would be OK.
To get the students back in order, I 7 my own story of getting my knee stuck between the rails of a balcony. Same kind of curiosity, I remembered 8 then how far I could thrust(塞) my knee between the rails. Inch by inch, I kept 9 and before I knew it, my knee was stuck and 10 before my eyes and in front of lots of strangers at a popular Las Vegas hotel!
Hearing my story, many students followed with their own 11 of heads, arms, fingers stuck in places they shouldn't be. A few minutes later, the young man came back, test tube unbroken and finger 12 to a lovely shade of pink.
I just couldn't get mad at this kid. He's only twelve. I too got my knee unstuck, but not without great 13 . The excuse for me, however, was not 14 but plain stupidity. I was 15 fifty years old when this happened.
1.A.used B.needed C.happened D.continued
2.A.calm B.silent C.cheerful D.active
3.A.lost B.fetched C.tried D.accepted
4.A.fire B.chaos C.violence D.argument
5.A.Finally B.Gradually C.Frequently D.Apparently
6.A.happy B.doubtful C.surprised D.confident
7.A.shared B.wrote C.read D.heard
8.A.calculating B.explaining C.wondering D.reporting
9.A.pushing B.climbing C.walking D.kicking
10.A.shaking B.lifting C.resting D.swelling
11.A.findings B.conclusions C.stories D.news
12.A.pointing B.returning C.belonging D.growing
13.A.encouragement B.disappointment C.embarrassment D.achievement
14.A.ambition B.youth C.bravery D.experiment
15.A.above all B.in total C.after all D.at random
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The cheetah(猎豹), an expert hunter, sits ①_______ (silent) atop a hill and scans the herds of feeding animals looking for the perfect prey(猎物). Finding a target, it moves quietly through the grass until it is close enough②_______ (know) it can get its reward.
The cheetah is perfectly built for the kill. Its colouring helps it to disappear into the landscape to avoid③_______ (see). And its speed over a short distance, the fastest in the animal world, ④_______(allow) it to chase(追逐) its target. Once the prey is killed, the cheetah pulls the carcass(尸体) to a safe place, even⑤_______ (pull) it up into a tree to stop other predators(捕食性动物) from stealing⑥________.
However, the cheetah is also a highly⑦_______(endanger) animal. Once found throughout Asia and Africa, cheetahs today are racing towards⑧________(extinct). Loss of habitat and declining numbers of their prey threaten the future of these cats. To change the fall in cheetah numbers, animal lovers are working to protect them.
⑨_______ addition, conservation groups are encouraging local farmers to protect cheetahs⑩________ come on their land. It will be a sad day if this beautiful animal disappears from our planet.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华, 上周日你校举办了5公里越野赛跑活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道, 内容包括:
1.参加人员;
2.跑步路线: 从校门口到南山脚下;
3.活动反响。
注意: 1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
A Cross-Country Running Race
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Karl walked to the back of the classroom to put his book away. There, lying on the carpet in front of the bookcase was a golden ticket! He picked it up. His heart beat faster when he saw that the name line was blank(空白的).
The boys and girls in Karl's class could earn golden tickets by doing well in their work or by being extra helpful or kind. Once a week his teacher, Miss Evans, drew a ticket out of a jar(广口瓶), and let the winner choose a prize. Karl couldn't believe his luck.
The golden ticket was going to be drawn, and here was another ticket, just for him. He looked around, but no one else was near the ticket. All his classmates were at their desks, laughing and talking with each other.
Karl decided to write his name on the blank line. Then he could put it into the prize jar with the tickets he'd already earned. With so many chances, at least one of his tickets would be picked! Then he could choose the pink pig as his sister's birthday present, just like what he had been hoping for.
He smiled and reached for the pencil in his pocket. Suddenly his fingers stopped. There was a strange feeling in his chest(胸膛), and it wasn't his heartbeat. He looked out of the window and tried to figure it out(弄清楚). He did find the ticket, but he hadn't earned it. Maybe whoever lost it was looking for it. But he needed this extra ticket for his great plan!
He remembered what Dad had told him and his sister. "When you make a right choice, you can feel peaceful inside. You never have to feel bad about your choice later."
Paragraph 1:
He put the pencil back in his pocket.______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
"Karl, I'd like you to have another ticket," Miss Evans said. ___________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 CBB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30."可知, 查询车票信息需向当地的车站询问或拨打13 12 30。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据Lost property 部分中的"The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located at Roma Street station."可知, 失物招领处周一至周五早上7:30到下午5:00开门, 位于罗马街车站。故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据Guardian trains部分中的信息可知, 从起始地Central出发, 开往目的地Varsity Lakes的火车于下午7:29发车。故选B项。
B
答案：1-4 CABD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products."可知, 艺术家Von Wong制作雕塑的目的是迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系, 即关注塑料废弃物造成的问题。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段的内容, 尤其是其中的"Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution...because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled."可知, 全球仅有9%的塑料废弃物被回收利用, 而且作者特别说明了塑料吸管因为小和轻而无法被回收。由此可推知, 作者在第三段讨论塑料吸管的问题是为了说明塑料吸管回收的困难。故选A项。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知, 通过2018年的一件作品, Von Wong想要说明一项明确的数据: 每60秒就有一卡车的塑料进入海洋。为了这件名为"Truckload of Plastic"的作品, Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了一万多件塑料, 然后这些塑料被捆到一起, 就像它们是一起从卡车上倒下来的一样。这一作品直观展现了塑料污染的严重性, 会令人不安, 故选B项。disturbing令人不安的。
4.标题判断题。通览全文可知, 作者讲述了艺术家Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑以期唤起人们对环保问题的关注的事迹, 因此本文最佳标题为D项。
C
答案：1-4 ACDA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat"可知, 湿地丧失是水禽数量减少的原因之一, 故A项正确。
2.词义猜测题。根据语境可知, 画线词所在句与上文形成转折, 上文讲到了探险者抵达北美洲时, 这片大陆上充满了各种各样的野生物种, 整个大陆生机勃勃。美洲土著居民明智地照顾着这些宝贵的自然资源, 因此画线词所在句应讲述这些资源受到的破坏—探险者及随之而来的殖民者只用了几十年, 就将大部分资源破坏, 故画线词与C项的意义最为接近。acquire获得; export出口; distribute分配, 散布。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund...Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund"可知, 《候鸟狩猎印花税法案》带来的一个直接结果是政府筹到了钱, 故D项正确。
4.标题判断题。阅读文章内容可知, 本文主要讲述了《候鸟狩猎印花税法案》出台的背景、鸭票的设计和用途以及鸭票的作用和影响, 故A项正确。
D
1.答案：A
2.答案：B
3.答案：C
4.答案：D
第二节
答案：GACDF
解析：①考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲的是开始一个新的训练项目, 就是进入了一个不熟悉的领域中; 空后一句讲的是大部分人跑得太猛, 导致不必要的疲惫和可能的伤害或者累垮, 跑步成了他们最不想要做的事。故G项承上启下, 符合语境。
②考查段落主旨句。本段主要讲的是跑步者跑步的原因, 故选A项(弄明白你为什么跑步)。
③考查上下文衔接。根据空前所述的一个典型的新手跑步者若进行适当训练的话, 约三个月后就可以毫无风险地跑5公里可知, C项(并且一年后参加马拉松对他来说是可能的)承接上句, 故选C项。
④考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲的是无论你的目的是什么, 全心全意地投入它将极大地帮你取得进步; 故D项(否则你往往不会取得进一步的进展)承接上文, 符合语境, 故选D项。
⑤考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲的是不要操之过急, 空后一句讲的是渐渐地你可以成为一名优秀的新手跑步者。故F项(你应该抑制住跑得太猛、太多或太频繁的冲动)承上启下, 符合语境, 故选F项。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 DACBA 6-10 DACAD 11-15 CBCBC
解析：1.根据上文的"It was really quite stuck."和下文的"Remaining 2 , I suggested he carefully rotate the tube. It wouldn't move a bit. He 3 soap and cold water. Still stuck."可知, 手指一直卡着, 会继续(continue)变白。故选D项。
2.下文的"I suggested he carefully rotate the tube"说明, "我"保持冷静(calm), 故选A项。
3.手指卡住后, 他尝试(try)着用肥皂和冷水, 让手指可以从试管中出来。故选C项。
4.下文的"To get the students back in order"说明, 教室里一片混乱(chaos)。故选B项。
5.做过多种尝试依然没成功, 最后(finally)作者决定把这个年轻人送到秘书那里。故选A项。
6.上文的"who was a miracle worker raising three kids of her own"说明, 她有经验, "我"有信心(confident)。故选D项。
7.句意: 为了让学生们恢复秩序, 我分享了我的膝盖卡在阳台的栏杆之间的故事。作者跟学生分享(share)自己的故事。故选A项。
8.句意: 出于同样的好奇心, 我记得当我想知道我的膝盖能在栏杆之间伸多远。作者将膝盖塞进栏杆是想知道(wonder)膝盖能在栏杆之间伸多远。故选C项。
9.句意: 一点一点地, 我不停地推, 在不知不觉中, 我的膝盖被卡住了, 在我眼前, 在拉斯维加斯一家很受欢迎的酒店里当着很多陌生人的面, 并肿了起来。上文的"I remembered 8 then how far I could thrust my knee between the rails"说明, "我"在将膝盖往前推(push)。故选A项。
10.上文的"my knee was stuck"说明, 膝盖肿了(swell), 卡住了。故选D项。
11.句意: 听了我的故事, 很多学生都跟着讲起了自己的故事: 脑袋、胳膊和手指被卡在不该卡的地方。故选C项。
12.上文说手指"get whiter and whiter", 下文说手指"lovely shade of pink", 所以手指是恢复到(return to)正常, 故选B项。
13.上文的"my knee was stuck and 10 before my eyes and in front of lots of strangers at a popular Las Vegas hotel"说明, "我"很尴尬(embarrassment)。故选C项。
14.句意: 但是, 我的借口不是年轻而是单纯的愚蠢。根据下文的"I was 15 fifty years old when this happened."可知, 此处是说"我"的借口不是年轻(youth)。故选B项。
15.下文的"fifty years old when this happened"说明, 这里是转折, 结合选项, after all(毕竟)符合语境, 故选C项。
第二节
答案：silently; to know; being seen; allows; pulling; it; endangered; extinction; In; that/which
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
A Cross-Country Running Race
Last Sunday witnessed an extraordinary cross-country running race, which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher of our school.
The students selected from every class took part in the competition. The route measured five kilometers, from our school gate to the foot of Nanshan Mountain. Every runner tried their best to finish the task, with their classmates along the way giving them necessary help as well as encouragement. At last, all the runners managed to arrive at the finish line, receiving cheers from all the directions.
The activity was highly spoken of, because not only did it provide chance for us to exercise, but also made us more cohesive.
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
He put the pencil back in his pocket. And then he walked over to his teacher's desk. "Miss Evans, I found this golden ticket on the floor near the bookcase. I think somebody has lost it. I did find the ticket, but I haven't earned it. And these are mine," he said, dropping several tickets into the jar on his teacher's desk. When he turned around to leave, Miss Evans called him back.
Paragraph 2:
"Karl, I'd like you to have another ticket," Miss Evans said. "You were honest and returned this one. By the way, what prize would you choose if your ticket was drawn The big candy bar or the fire truck " Karl said happily right away. "The pink pig! It's my sister's birthday next week, and I really want to give it to her. That's her favorite animal." Karl sat down at his desk and smiled. He still wanted his ticket to be picked, but he would be happy even if it wasn't. Dad was right. Making the right choice did make him feel great, and maybe, he still might win the pink pig.