高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration B卷 单元检测卷（含答案和解析）
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| 名称 | 高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration B卷 单元检测卷（含答案和解析） |  | |
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Unit 4 Space Exploration B卷 能力提升—2022-2023学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册单元达标测试卷
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Homestay provides English language learners with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.
What to Expect
The host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers will be changed at least once a week. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.
Accommodation Zones
Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2, 3 and 4 of the transport system. Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential (居住的). Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area. It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.
Meal Plans Available
◇Continental Breakfast
◇Breakfast and Dinner
◇Breakfast, Packed Lunch and Dinner
It’s important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast. Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal (谷类早餐食物), bread and tea or coffee. Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England. Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee.
Friends
If you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your host’s permission. You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.
Self-Catering Accommodation in Private Homes
Accommodation on a room only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room. This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long stay students. However, it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much.
1.The passage is probably written for________.
A. hosts willing to receive foreign students
B. foreigners hoping to build British culture
C. travellers planning to visit families in London
D. English learners applying to live in English homes
2.Which of the following will the host provide
A. Room cleaning. B. Medical care.
C. Free transport. D. Physical training.
3.Why do some people choose self-catering accommodation
A. To experience a warmer family atmosphere.
B. To enrich their knowledge of English.
C. To entertain friends as they like.
D. To enjoy much more freedom.
B
Life in space will certainly take some getting used to! But the space station has been designed to keep the astronauts as comfortable as possible—the modules(舱) are roomy, bright, and kept at a constant 21℃. It’s important the crew members are comfortable because they’ll be busy aboard the station. In a typical workday, crew members will spend 14 hours working and exercising, 1.5 hours preparing and eating meals, and 8.5 hours sleeping. Here are some other fun facts about life aboard the station:
Food
Come mealtime, astronauts will have a special dining kitchen. Space food just keeps getting better—and more like food we enjoy here on Earth. In early space missions(任务), astronauts could eat only freeze-dried food that didn’t require any preparation. But the space station is equipped with water, microwave ovens, and refrigerators, allowing the folks on board to eat more “normal” types of food, including fruit, vegetables, and ice cream!
Sleep
Each crew member has a private room. With no gravity, they’ll need to tie themselves to their beds, or they will float away! That might sound like a strange way to sleep, but astronauts from past space missions report that sleeping in space is actually pretty great! Exercise
You might not think it, but exercise is even more important on the station than it is on Earth. There is not much gravity in space. Astronauts don’t stand up, sit down or walk in space, so their muscles and bones don’t have to work much—and this muscle and bone loss can be dangerous back on Earth. To fight this, astronauts on the station will exercise on bikes, rowing machines, and other equipment about two hours every day.
Clothing
Astronauts will have to wear special space suits while travelling aboard the U.S. shuttle or Russian rockets. But once they’re safe inside the space station, crew members can wear regular clothing. Of course, a specially designed, pressurized space suit is required for space walks. It has to bear flying pieces and protect the astronauts from dramatic temperature changes. It can range from -84℃ in the shadow of the station to 121℃ in the hot sun.
Personal Cleanliness
Simple tasks like brushing your teeth can be challenging in a weightless environment. A little water doesn’t flow in a stream. Astronauts will use a freshwater hose(软管) to take showers, shampoo, and wash off—then a second vacuum hose to suction(吸) off the dirty water. And how do you go to the bathroom in space With a special “air toilet” that uses flowing air instead of water to get rid of waste.
4.The text is mainly about________ .
A. ways to get used to life in space.
B. fun facts about life in space.
C. temperature changes in space.
D. a typical workday in space.
5.What can we learn about space food from the text
A. Space food is getting better now than before.
B. Astronauts could eat apples in space in the past.
C. Fresh food isn’t available to astronauts in space.
D. Astronauts eat only fruit, vegetables and ice cream now.
6.Why is exercise more important in space than on Earth
A. It can prevent muscle and bone loss.
B. It can make astronauts feel relaxed in space.
C. It can help astronauts spend their spare time happily.
D. Astronauts’ lives are more important in space than on earth.
7.What can be learned from the paragraph “Clothing”
A. Astronauts wear pressurized space suits just to keep warm.
B. Astronauts can wear regular clothing for space walks now.
C. Astronauts must wear special space suits all the time in space.
D. The temperature is quite different in different places in space.
C
Scientists have found an unusual way to prevent our planet from overheating: move it to a cooler spot. All you have to do is send a few comets(彗星)in the direction of Earth,and its orbit will be changed. Our world will then be sent into a safer, colder part of the solar system.
This idea for improving our climate comes from a group of US National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) engineers and American astronomers. They say their plan could add another six billion years to the useful lifetime of our planet—effectively doubling its working life.
The plan,put forward by Dr. Laughlin,and his colleagues Don Korycansky and Fred Adams, needs carefully directing a comet of asteroid(小行星)so that it passes close by our planet and sends some of its gravitational energy to Earth.
“Earth’s orbital speed would increase as a result and we would move to a higher orbit away from the Sun," Laughlin said.
Engineers would then direct their comet so that it passed close to Jupiter or Saturn. The comet would pick up energy from one of these giant planets. Later its orbit would bring it back to Earth, and the process would be repeated. In the short term, the plan provides an ideal way to global warming, although the team was actually concerned with a much greater danger. The Sun is certain to heat up in about a billion years and so “seriously endanger” our biosphere —by cooking us. That’s why the group decided to try to save Earth.
The plan has one or two worrying aspects,however. For a start, space engineers would have to be very careful about how they directed their asteroid or comet towards Earth. The smallest miscalculations(误算) in orbit could fire it straight at Earth—with deadly results.
There is also the question of the Moon. As the scientific American magazine points out, if Earth was pushed out of its current position it is “most likely that the Moon would be stripped away from Earth," it states. This would change our planet’s climate.
1.If the plan is successful, Earth will have a working life of _________ years.
A.12 billion B.6 billion C.18 billion D.24 billion
2.What makes the scientists plan to save Earth
A.A few comets are moving to the direction of Earth.
B.Earth's working life is coming to an end soon.
C.Earth will become too hot for mankind to keep alive.
D.The moon is moving farther away from Earth.
3.What serious problems might the plan cause according to the passage
A.Earth might be moved too far away and man might be frozen to death.
B.The comet might hit Earth and man might lose the moon.
C.The comet might hit Jupiter or Saturn and never return to Earth.
D.Earth's working life might be greatly shortened.
4.Which of the following pictures best shows how the plan would work
A. B.
C. D.
D
China has become the first country to successfully land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The Chang'e 4 probe(探测器) has also made the first moon landing since 1972. It has the task of exploring the side of the moon that never faces the Earth. The dark side of the moon is older and has a thicker surface than the visible side. It takes the moon as long to go around on its own axis(轴) as it does for one complete orbit around the Earth.
The Chinese probe landed in a huge crater 2,500 km in diameter and 13 km in depth. The crater is one of the oldest parts of the moon and our solar system.
Scientists hope to learn more about the geology of the far side of the moon. The craft has two cameras on board which will send images back to the Earth. It will also try to send signals to distant regions of space, something that cannot happen on Earth because of too much radio noise.
Chang'e 4 also has instruments on board to examine minerals as well as a container with seeds which will try to create a miniature(微型的)biosphere(生物圈).
Communication with the spacecraft is not easy. Images and other data must be transmitted to a separate satellite because no direct communication with the Earth is possible.
For China the Chang'e 4 mission is an important achievement, because the country has successfully done something no other nation on Earth has done. It wants to become a leading power in space exploration and has announced plans to send astronauts to the moon and set up its own space station.
(1) Where did the Chang'e 4 probe land
A.On the side of the moon facing the Earth. B.On the invisible side of the moon.
C.In a younger crater on the moon. D.In a previous space station.
(2) What can we learn from the text
A.The dark side of the moon is as cold as the other side.
B.The bright side is younger and thinner than the other side.
C.Other places in space may hardly receive signals from the craft.
D.The two cameras on the craft can send pictures to the Earth easily.
(3) Why is the craft equipped with a container
A.To see what seeds can come out on the moon.
B.To collect some important matter on the moon.
C.To find whether the seeds can grow on the moon.
D.To check whether some minerals exist on the moon.
(4) According to the text, what will China do in the future
A.Land manned spacecraft on the moon. B.Build another space station on the moon.
C.Launch more space probes to the moon. D.Become the first country in exploring space.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Space is where our future is—trips to the Moon, Mars and beyond. Most people would think that apart from comets(彗星) and stars, there is little else out there. ①_____________ Scientists are now concerned that if we don’t clean it up, we may all be in great danger.
The first piece of space junk was created in the year of 1964, when the American satellite Vanguard I stopped operating. ②_____________ However, since it kept orbiting around the Earth without any results, scientists became increasingly comfortable abandoning things that no longer served any useful purpose in space.
③_____________ The junk varies from tiny pieces of paint chipped off rockets to cameras, huge fuel tanks, and even odd items like the million-dollar tool kit that astronaut Heidemarie Stefanyshyn Piper lost during a spacewalk.
The major problem with the space trash is that it may hit working satellites and damage travelling spaceship. In addition to this, many pieces of junk may crash with each other and break into pieces which fall back to the Earth. ④_____________ Ground stations have been built to monitor larger pieces of space trash to prevent them from crashing into working satellites or space shuttles. ⑤_____________ They will stop littering in space and to clean up the trash already there.
A. Future plans include a cooperative effort among many nations.
B. The junk floats slowly around the Earth.
C. However,since our space journey started, we have left much trash(垃圾) in space.
D. It is said that there are now over 500,000 pieces of man-made trash orbiting the Earth at speeds of up to 17,500 miles per hour.
E. It lost its connection with the ground centre.
F. To avoid this, scientists have invented several ways for clearing the sky.
G. It hasn't result in any serious problems up to now.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I took an airplane to Beijing in February. Ahead of me to my right, a kid was 1 .
I went up to a woman. She had in her arms a kid that 2 crying. I told the mother that the kid needed to be walked and then she would 3 and sleep. I knew this because I am a father of four 4 children. The woman said she was too tired as she had been up the whole night before. I 5 to walk the kid so she could get some sleep.
As I took the kid in my arms, I 6 her for the kid's name and age. I then started 7 walking up to the front of the economy section. The kid immediately fell to sleep. When I got back to the mothers 8 , I found her fast asleep. I kept walking for over three hours and walked slowly up and down. Since it was a nearly 13-hour flight, I walked a quarter of the whole journey— 9 a kid.
Women on board would 10 me during my long walk, wanting to see the kid. One woman asked me some questions like "How many 11 do youhave ” “Four,” I said. She looked closely at my wrinkled(有皱纹的) face and white hair (I was almost 60) and said, "Well, I hope this is your last one. ” She thought I was the kid’s 12 . I just 13 and walked on.
When I was back to the mother, the mother 14 . I gave her kid back to her, who 15 sound asleep.
1.A.singing B.talking C.sleeping D.crying
2.A.kept B.started C.practised D.hated
3.A.break down B.go ahead C.settle down D.set off
4.A.grown B.powerful C.curious D.slim
5.A.deserved B.offered C.pretended D.agreed
6.A.requested B.commanded C.asked D.consulted
7.A.slowly B.quickly C.calmly D.strongly
8.A.home B.seat C.section D.room
9.A.watching B.carrying C.tricking D.seeking
10.A.spot B.remind C.stop D.award
11.A.customers B.passengers C.members D.children
12.A.mother B.teacher C.father D.nurse
13.A.refused B.smiled C.apologised D.signed
14.A.woke B.left C.wandered D.shouted
15.A.turned B.fell C.remained D.looked
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show ①____________ clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.
Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. The ②____________ (major) of our TV programmes come to us through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find where they are exactly ③____________ (locate).
We use satellites to transmit television pictures from one part of the world to ④____________. They are usually 35,880 kilometres above the equator. Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is ⑤____________ it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometres an hour ⑥____________ (exact)the same speed that the earth rotates. A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae(天线) ⑦____________ (face) the earth. Sometimes,it moves away from its orbit. So there are little rockets on it ⑧____________ are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five ⑨____________ six days.
Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 10 — 12 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to ⑩____________ (repair). Often, very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定最近你们班进行了一次题为“保护文化遗产是否很重要”的讨论。根据以下要点用英语向大家介绍一下讨论结果,并谈谈你自己的看法。
1.80%的学生认为重要及其理由。
2. 20%的学生认为不重要及其理由。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A little girl whose parents had died lived with her grandmother and slept in an upstairs bedroom.
One night there was a fire in the house and the grandmother died while trying to rescue the child. The fire spread quickly, and the situation was terrible.
Neighbors called the fire department, and then stood helplessly by, unable to enter the house because flames blocked all the entrances. The little girl appeared at an upstairs window, crying for help, just as word spread among the crowd that the firefighters would be delayed a few minutes because they were all at another fire site.
Suddenly, a man appeared with a ladder, put it up against the side of the house and disappeared inside. When he reappeared, he had the little girl in his arms. He delivered the child to the waiting arms below, and then disappeared into the night.
An investigation revealed that the child had no living relatives, and weeks later a meeting was held in the town hall to determine who would take the child into their home and bring her up.
A teacher said she would like to raise the child. She pointed out that she could ensure her a good education. A farmer offered her a sheltered upbringing on his farm. He pointed out that living on a farm was healthy and satisfying. Others spoke, giving their reasons why it was to the child's advantage to live with them.
Finally, the town's richest resident rose and said, "I can give this child all the advantages that you have mentioned here, plus money and everything that money can buy."
Throughout all this, the child remained silent, her eyes on the floor.
"Does anyone else want to speak " asked the meeting chairman. A man came forward from the back of the hall. He walked slowly and appeared to be in pain.
Paragraph 1:
When he got to the front of the room, he stood directly in front of the little girl and held out his arms. _____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
When asked about her choice, the girl gave people the reasons firmly.________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
1.答案：D
2.答案：A
3.答案：D
B
4.答案：B
5.答案：A
6.答案：A
7.答案：D
C
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。从文章第二段最后一句可知,科学家可以使地球增加60亿年的寿命,使其工作寿命加倍,故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第五段可知,因为太阳的原因,地球将逐渐变热以至于不适于人类居住,这是科学家计划拯救地球的原因。
3.细节理解题。最后两段分别指出该计划可能带来的两大恶果:一是万一轨道计算出错会使彗星撞向地球,二是地球脱离原轨道后很可能会失去月球,从而导致气候剧变。
4.读图理解题。从文章中的叙述可知,图A最佳解释了这项计划的工作原理。
D
答案：(1).B; (2).B; (3).C; (4).A
解析：(1).细节理解题。根据第一段第三句和第四句“It has the task of exploring the side of the moon that never faces the Earth. The dark side of the moon is older and has a thicker surface than the visible side.”中的“the visible side"”可知,B项正确。
(2).细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The dark side of the moon is older and has a thicker surface than the visible side”可知,月球的暗面比能看到的(即亮的)那一面古老、表面要厚些,也就是说亮的那一面比另一面(暗的一面)要年轻些、薄一些。
(3).推理判断题。根据第四段中的“as well as a container with seeds which will try to create a miniature(微型的) biosphere(生物圈)”可知,嫦娥四号上有一个装有种子的容器,并试图让这些种子来创造一个微型生物圈。分析选项可知,C项符合题意。
(4).细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“It wants to become a leading power in space exploration and has announced plans to send astronauts to the moon and set up its own space station. "可知,中国已宣布将宇航员送上月球并建立自己的空间站计划。分析选项可知,A项正确。
第二节
答案：CEDFA
解析：
本文介绍了第一片人造太空垃圾是一个破碎的卫星,因为它没有造成任何问题,所以科学家最初并没有关心太空垃圾,随着太空垃圾越来越多,科学家意识到如果不及时清理太空垃圾,人类将面临危险。
1. C 解析:根据下文的信息“Scientists are now concerned that if we don’t clean it up...”可以推知上文和太空垃圾有关,故选C项。
2. E 解析:根据上文“the American satellite Vanguard I stopped operating”和下文的顺承关系可知,停止运作当然造成卫星和地面的中心失去联系,故E项合适。
3. D解析:这是本段的主题句,下文涉及太空中各种各样的垃圾,故本句选D项合适。
4. F解析:既然太空那么多的垃圾有可能会产生各种各样的危害,科学家当然要寻求解决的办法,本空的后面就是讨论它们的处理办法,故本题F项正确。
5. A 解析:根据下文的信息“They will stop littering in space and to clean up the trash already there.”和理解句意可知, they指的是many nations,这些国家在寻求合作以解决太空垃圾的问题,故本题A项正确。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.A; 5.B; 6.C; 7.A; 8.B; 9.B; 10.C; 11.D; 12.C; 13.B; 14.A; 15.C
解析：1.根据下段中的 She had in her arms a kid that ______ crying.可知,一个孩子在哭。故选D项。
2.根据 She had in her arms a kid that ____________ crying.并结合选项可知,只有A项符合语境。keep doing sth意为“一直做某事”。
3.根据语境可知,作者告诉那位母亲,孩子需要有人抱着走走,然后她就会静下来睡觉。break down意为“出故障”;go ahead意为“前进, 进行”;settle down意为“定居;(使某人)安静下来”;set off意为“出发;引起”。故选C项。
4.根据后文的my wrinkled face and while hair (I was almost 60)可推知,作者是四个“成年”孩子的父亲。故选A项。
5.根据空后的to walk the kid so she could get some sleep 可知,作者“主动提出”抱着孩子去走走,这样她就能睡一会儿了。offer to do sth 意为“(主动)提出要做某事”,故选B项。
6.根据空后的for the kid’s name and age可知作者是在“问"孩子的名字和年龄。故选C项。
7.根据常识和后文的walked slowly可知,作者在哄孩子睡觉,所以是开始慢慢地走到经济舱的前面。故选A项。
8.根据常识,作者把孩子哄睡着了,自然要送回到妈妈那里,也就是回到妈妈的座位(seat)。故选B项。
9.根据上文的I took the kid in my arms 及I kept walking for over three hours and walked slowly up and down. 可知在长达13个小时的航班上作者有四分之一的时间在抱着一个孩子。故选B项。
10.根据下文的wanting to see the kid可知,航班上的女士们要看孩子,因为作者抱着孩子来回走,所以是让作者停下来。故选C项。
11.根据下文的“Four,”可知(一位女士)在问作者有几个孩子。
12.根据前文的I hope this is your last one可知,她认为作者是孩子的父亲。故选C项。
13.根据语境,作者应是微笑着继续来回走。故选B项。
14.根据下文的I gave her kid back to her可知,孩子的妈妈醒了。
15.根据语境,此处是说作者把孩子抱给她妈妈时,她仍然在熟睡。
第二节
答案：1.how2.majority3.located4.another5.because6.exactly7.facing8.which9.or10.be repaired
解析：
1. how解析:理解句意可知,卫星拍照是为了显示云是如何移动的,故用连接副词how。
2. majority解析:定冠词后面用名词majority“大多数”。
3. located解析:短语be located表示“位于”。
4. another解析:理解句意可知,从一个地方把图片传送到另一个地方,another=another place,符合句意。
5.because解析:人造卫星在太空中看似不动的原因是it is moving...,故用because引导该表语从句。
6. exactly解析:本空用副词修饰短语the same speed。
7. facing解析:现在分词短语作后置定语,天线是face“面对”动作的执行者,故用现在分词。
8. which解析:关系代词which引导定语从句,修饰先行词little rockets。
9. or解析:理解句意可知,这种情况一般每五到六年发生一次,故用连词or“或者”。
10. be repaired解析:不定式作目的状语,句子的主语satellites是repair动作的承受者,故用不定式的被动式。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Recently our class had a heated discussion about whether it is important to protect the cultural heritage. We hold different views on it.
80% of us think it important to protect the cultural heritage. They believe that the cultural heritage is a symbol of splendid ancient civilization which can make us feel proud of our nation. However, the others don’t think so, arguing that protecting the cultural heritage cannot promote the development of society;or rather, it is a waste of time and money.
In my opinion,it’s our duty to take more effective measures to protect our cultural heritage and we can benefil a lot from the cultural and historical inspirations it conveys.
第二节
答案：
One possible version
Paragraph 1:
When he got to the front of the room, he stood directly in front of the little girl and held out his arms. His hands and arms were terribly scarred. The little girl cried out, "This is the man who rescued me!" With a leap, she threw her arms around the man's neck. She buried her face in his shoulder and sobbed for a few moments. Then she looked up and smiled at him.
Paragraph 2:
When asked about her choice, the girl gave people the reasons firmly. She said in a low but determined voice, "I really desire to get a good education that will give me chances to live my dreams. Besides, I know that money means a lot to me since I have no relatives to rely on. But, it's the man who saved my life when I was desperately facing a fire like that. Without him, I wouldn't be here, waiting for a new choice. I hope that I can do whatever I can to pay back his kindness."
解析： 1.在题干中要求包含相关内容，故在文章编写时要十分注意，保证内容上的完整。
2.在行文过程中应注意分条来编写，使文章有结构感。
3.文章中，结构要清晰，进行分段编写，用到相关连词或表达，使得文章有逻辑性。
4.在写作中，要注意使用复杂句型，符合该年段英语学习内容；可多尝试使用高级词汇，来增加文章亮点。
5.1）他的手和胳膊伤痕累累。（terribly scarred伤痕累累）
2）她把脸埋在他的肩上，抽泣了一会儿。（sob抽噎；呜咽）
3）另外，我知道钱对我来说很重要，因为我没有亲戚可以依靠。（rely on依靠）
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Homestay provides English language learners with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.
What to Expect
The host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers will be changed at least once a week. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.
Accommodation Zones
Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2, 3 and 4 of the transport system. Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential (居住的). Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area. It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.
Meal Plans Available
◇Continental Breakfast
◇Breakfast and Dinner
◇Breakfast, Packed Lunch and Dinner
It’s important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast. Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal (谷类早餐食物), bread and tea or coffee. Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England. Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee.
Friends
If you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your host’s permission. You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.
Self-Catering Accommodation in Private Homes
Accommodation on a room only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room. This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long stay students. However, it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much.
1.The passage is probably written for________.
A. hosts willing to receive foreign students
B. foreigners hoping to build British culture
C. travellers planning to visit families in London
D. English learners applying to live in English homes
2.Which of the following will the host provide
A. Room cleaning. B. Medical care.
C. Free transport. D. Physical training.
3.Why do some people choose self-catering accommodation
A. To experience a warmer family atmosphere.
B. To enrich their knowledge of English.
C. To entertain friends as they like.
D. To enjoy much more freedom.
B
Life in space will certainly take some getting used to! But the space station has been designed to keep the astronauts as comfortable as possible—the modules(舱) are roomy, bright, and kept at a constant 21℃. It’s important the crew members are comfortable because they’ll be busy aboard the station. In a typical workday, crew members will spend 14 hours working and exercising, 1.5 hours preparing and eating meals, and 8.5 hours sleeping. Here are some other fun facts about life aboard the station:
Food
Come mealtime, astronauts will have a special dining kitchen. Space food just keeps getting better—and more like food we enjoy here on Earth. In early space missions(任务), astronauts could eat only freeze-dried food that didn’t require any preparation. But the space station is equipped with water, microwave ovens, and refrigerators, allowing the folks on board to eat more “normal” types of food, including fruit, vegetables, and ice cream!
Sleep
Each crew member has a private room. With no gravity, they’ll need to tie themselves to their beds, or they will float away! That might sound like a strange way to sleep, but astronauts from past space missions report that sleeping in space is actually pretty great! Exercise
You might not think it, but exercise is even more important on the station than it is on Earth. There is not much gravity in space. Astronauts don’t stand up, sit down or walk in space, so their muscles and bones don’t have to work much—and this muscle and bone loss can be dangerous back on Earth. To fight this, astronauts on the station will exercise on bikes, rowing machines, and other equipment about two hours every day.
Clothing
Astronauts will have to wear special space suits while travelling aboard the U.S. shuttle or Russian rockets. But once they’re safe inside the space station, crew members can wear regular clothing. Of course, a specially designed, pressurized space suit is required for space walks. It has to bear flying pieces and protect the astronauts from dramatic temperature changes. It can range from -84℃ in the shadow of the station to 121℃ in the hot sun.
Personal Cleanliness
Simple tasks like brushing your teeth can be challenging in a weightless environment. A little water doesn’t flow in a stream. Astronauts will use a freshwater hose(软管) to take showers, shampoo, and wash off—then a second vacuum hose to suction(吸) off the dirty water. And how do you go to the bathroom in space With a special “air toilet” that uses flowing air instead of water to get rid of waste.
4.The text is mainly about________ .
A. ways to get used to life in space.
B. fun facts about life in space.
C. temperature changes in space.
D. a typical workday in space.
5.What can we learn about space food from the text
A. Space food is getting better now than before.
B. Astronauts could eat apples in space in the past.
C. Fresh food isn’t available to astronauts in space.
D. Astronauts eat only fruit, vegetables and ice cream now.
6.Why is exercise more important in space than on Earth
A. It can prevent muscle and bone loss.
B. It can make astronauts feel relaxed in space.
C. It can help astronauts spend their spare time happily.
D. Astronauts’ lives are more important in space than on earth.
7.What can be learned from the paragraph “Clothing”
A. Astronauts wear pressurized space suits just to keep warm.
B. Astronauts can wear regular clothing for space walks now.
C. Astronauts must wear special space suits all the time in space.
D. The temperature is quite different in different places in space.
C
Scientists have found an unusual way to prevent our planet from overheating: move it to a cooler spot. All you have to do is send a few comets(彗星)in the direction of Earth,and its orbit will be changed. Our world will then be sent into a safer, colder part of the solar system.
This idea for improving our climate comes from a group of US National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) engineers and American astronomers. They say their plan could add another six billion years to the useful lifetime of our planet—effectively doubling its working life.
The plan,put forward by Dr. Laughlin,and his colleagues Don Korycansky and Fred Adams, needs carefully directing a comet of asteroid(小行星)so that it passes close by our planet and sends some of its gravitational energy to Earth.
“Earth’s orbital speed would increase as a result and we would move to a higher orbit away from the Sun," Laughlin said.
Engineers would then direct their comet so that it passed close to Jupiter or Saturn. The comet would pick up energy from one of these giant planets. Later its orbit would bring it back to Earth, and the process would be repeated. In the short term, the plan provides an ideal way to global warming, although the team was actually concerned with a much greater danger. The Sun is certain to heat up in about a billion years and so “seriously endanger” our biosphere —by cooking us. That’s why the group decided to try to save Earth.
The plan has one or two worrying aspects,however. For a start, space engineers would have to be very careful about how they directed their asteroid or comet towards Earth. The smallest miscalculations(误算) in orbit could fire it straight at Earth—with deadly results.
There is also the question of the Moon. As the scientific American magazine points out, if Earth was pushed out of its current position it is “most likely that the Moon would be stripped away from Earth," it states. This would change our planet’s climate.
1.If the plan is successful, Earth will have a working life of _________ years.
A.12 billion B.6 billion C.18 billion D.24 billion
2.What makes the scientists plan to save Earth
A.A few comets are moving to the direction of Earth.
B.Earth's working life is coming to an end soon.
C.Earth will become too hot for mankind to keep alive.
D.The moon is moving farther away from Earth.
3.What serious problems might the plan cause according to the passage
A.Earth might be moved too far away and man might be frozen to death.
B.The comet might hit Earth and man might lose the moon.
C.The comet might hit Jupiter or Saturn and never return to Earth.
D.Earth's working life might be greatly shortened.
4.Which of the following pictures best shows how the plan would work
A. B.
C. D.
D
China has become the first country to successfully land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The Chang'e 4 probe(探测器) has also made the first moon landing since 1972. It has the task of exploring the side of the moon that never faces the Earth. The dark side of the moon is older and has a thicker surface than the visible side. It takes the moon as long to go around on its own axis(轴) as it does for one complete orbit around the Earth.
The Chinese probe landed in a huge crater 2,500 km in diameter and 13 km in depth. The crater is one of the oldest parts of the moon and our solar system.
Scientists hope to learn more about the geology of the far side of the moon. The craft has two cameras on board which will send images back to the Earth. It will also try to send signals to distant regions of space, something that cannot happen on Earth because of too much radio noise.
Chang'e 4 also has instruments on board to examine minerals as well as a container with seeds which will try to create a miniature(微型的)biosphere(生物圈).
Communication with the spacecraft is not easy. Images and other data must be transmitted to a separate satellite because no direct communication with the Earth is possible.
For China the Chang'e 4 mission is an important achievement, because the country has successfully done something no other nation on Earth has done. It wants to become a leading power in space exploration and has announced plans to send astronauts to the moon and set up its own space station.
(1) Where did the Chang'e 4 probe land
A.On the side of the moon facing the Earth. B.On the invisible side of the moon.
C.In a younger crater on the moon. D.In a previous space station.
(2) What can we learn from the text
A.The dark side of the moon is as cold as the other side.
B.The bright side is younger and thinner than the other side.
C.Other places in space may hardly receive signals from the craft.
D.The two cameras on the craft can send pictures to the Earth easily.
(3) Why is the craft equipped with a container
A.To see what seeds can come out on the moon.
B.To collect some important matter on the moon.
C.To find whether the seeds can grow on the moon.
D.To check whether some minerals exist on the moon.
(4) According to the text, what will China do in the future
A.Land manned spacecraft on the moon. B.Build another space station on the moon.
C.Launch more space probes to the moon. D.Become the first country in exploring space.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Space is where our future is—trips to the Moon, Mars and beyond. Most people would think that apart from comets(彗星) and stars, there is little else out there. ①_____________ Scientists are now concerned that if we don’t clean it up, we may all be in great danger.
The first piece of space junk was created in the year of 1964, when the American satellite Vanguard I stopped operating. ②_____________ However, since it kept orbiting around the Earth without any results, scientists became increasingly comfortable abandoning things that no longer served any useful purpose in space.
③_____________ The junk varies from tiny pieces of paint chipped off rockets to cameras, huge fuel tanks, and even odd items like the million-dollar tool kit that astronaut Heidemarie Stefanyshyn Piper lost during a spacewalk.
The major problem with the space trash is that it may hit working satellites and damage travelling spaceship. In addition to this, many pieces of junk may crash with each other and break into pieces which fall back to the Earth. ④_____________ Ground stations have been built to monitor larger pieces of space trash to prevent them from crashing into working satellites or space shuttles. ⑤_____________ They will stop littering in space and to clean up the trash already there.
A. Future plans include a cooperative effort among many nations.
B. The junk floats slowly around the Earth.
C. However,since our space journey started, we have left much trash(垃圾) in space.
D. It is said that there are now over 500,000 pieces of man-made trash orbiting the Earth at speeds of up to 17,500 miles per hour.
E. It lost its connection with the ground centre.
F. To avoid this, scientists have invented several ways for clearing the sky.
G. It hasn't result in any serious problems up to now.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I took an airplane to Beijing in February. Ahead of me to my right, a kid was 1 .
I went up to a woman. She had in her arms a kid that 2 crying. I told the mother that the kid needed to be walked and then she would 3 and sleep. I knew this because I am a father of four 4 children. The woman said she was too tired as she had been up the whole night before. I 5 to walk the kid so she could get some sleep.
As I took the kid in my arms, I 6 her for the kid's name and age. I then started 7 walking up to the front of the economy section. The kid immediately fell to sleep. When I got back to the mothers 8 , I found her fast asleep. I kept walking for over three hours and walked slowly up and down. Since it was a nearly 13-hour flight, I walked a quarter of the whole journey— 9 a kid.
Women on board would 10 me during my long walk, wanting to see the kid. One woman asked me some questions like "How many 11 do youhave ” “Four,” I said. She looked closely at my wrinkled(有皱纹的) face and white hair (I was almost 60) and said, "Well, I hope this is your last one. ” She thought I was the kid’s 12 . I just 13 and walked on.
When I was back to the mother, the mother 14 . I gave her kid back to her, who 15 sound asleep.
1.A.singing B.talking C.sleeping D.crying
2.A.kept B.started C.practised D.hated
3.A.break down B.go ahead C.settle down D.set off
4.A.grown B.powerful C.curious D.slim
5.A.deserved B.offered C.pretended D.agreed
6.A.requested B.commanded C.asked D.consulted
7.A.slowly B.quickly C.calmly D.strongly
8.A.home B.seat C.section D.room
9.A.watching B.carrying C.tricking D.seeking
10.A.spot B.remind C.stop D.award
11.A.customers B.passengers C.members D.children
12.A.mother B.teacher C.father D.nurse
13.A.refused B.smiled C.apologised D.signed
14.A.woke B.left C.wandered D.shouted
15.A.turned B.fell C.remained D.looked
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show ①____________ clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.
Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. The ②____________ (major) of our TV programmes come to us through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find where they are exactly ③____________ (locate).
We use satellites to transmit television pictures from one part of the world to ④____________. They are usually 35,880 kilometres above the equator. Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is ⑤____________ it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometres an hour ⑥____________ (exact)the same speed that the earth rotates. A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae(天线) ⑦____________ (face) the earth. Sometimes,it moves away from its orbit. So there are little rockets on it ⑧____________ are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five ⑨____________ six days.
Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 10 — 12 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to ⑩____________ (repair). Often, very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定最近你们班进行了一次题为“保护文化遗产是否很重要”的讨论。根据以下要点用英语向大家介绍一下讨论结果,并谈谈你自己的看法。
1.80%的学生认为重要及其理由。
2. 20%的学生认为不重要及其理由。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A little girl whose parents had died lived with her grandmother and slept in an upstairs bedroom.
One night there was a fire in the house and the grandmother died while trying to rescue the child. The fire spread quickly, and the situation was terrible.
Neighbors called the fire department, and then stood helplessly by, unable to enter the house because flames blocked all the entrances. The little girl appeared at an upstairs window, crying for help, just as word spread among the crowd that the firefighters would be delayed a few minutes because they were all at another fire site.
Suddenly, a man appeared with a ladder, put it up against the side of the house and disappeared inside. When he reappeared, he had the little girl in his arms. He delivered the child to the waiting arms below, and then disappeared into the night.
An investigation revealed that the child had no living relatives, and weeks later a meeting was held in the town hall to determine who would take the child into their home and bring her up.
A teacher said she would like to raise the child. She pointed out that she could ensure her a good education. A farmer offered her a sheltered upbringing on his farm. He pointed out that living on a farm was healthy and satisfying. Others spoke, giving their reasons why it was to the child's advantage to live with them.
Finally, the town's richest resident rose and said, "I can give this child all the advantages that you have mentioned here, plus money and everything that money can buy."
Throughout all this, the child remained silent, her eyes on the floor.
"Does anyone else want to speak " asked the meeting chairman. A man came forward from the back of the hall. He walked slowly and appeared to be in pain.
Paragraph 1:
When he got to the front of the room, he stood directly in front of the little girl and held out his arms. _____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
When asked about her choice, the girl gave people the reasons firmly.________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
1.答案：D
2.答案：A
3.答案：D
B
4.答案：B
5.答案：A
6.答案：A
7.答案：D
C
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。从文章第二段最后一句可知,科学家可以使地球增加60亿年的寿命,使其工作寿命加倍,故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第五段可知,因为太阳的原因,地球将逐渐变热以至于不适于人类居住,这是科学家计划拯救地球的原因。
3.细节理解题。最后两段分别指出该计划可能带来的两大恶果:一是万一轨道计算出错会使彗星撞向地球,二是地球脱离原轨道后很可能会失去月球,从而导致气候剧变。
4.读图理解题。从文章中的叙述可知,图A最佳解释了这项计划的工作原理。
D
答案：(1).B; (2).B; (3).C; (4).A
解析：(1).细节理解题。根据第一段第三句和第四句“It has the task of exploring the side of the moon that never faces the Earth. The dark side of the moon is older and has a thicker surface than the visible side.”中的“the visible side"”可知,B项正确。
(2).细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The dark side of the moon is older and has a thicker surface than the visible side”可知,月球的暗面比能看到的(即亮的)那一面古老、表面要厚些,也就是说亮的那一面比另一面(暗的一面)要年轻些、薄一些。
(3).推理判断题。根据第四段中的“as well as a container with seeds which will try to create a miniature(微型的) biosphere(生物圈)”可知,嫦娥四号上有一个装有种子的容器,并试图让这些种子来创造一个微型生物圈。分析选项可知,C项符合题意。
(4).细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“It wants to become a leading power in space exploration and has announced plans to send astronauts to the moon and set up its own space station. "可知,中国已宣布将宇航员送上月球并建立自己的空间站计划。分析选项可知,A项正确。
第二节
答案：CEDFA
解析：
本文介绍了第一片人造太空垃圾是一个破碎的卫星,因为它没有造成任何问题,所以科学家最初并没有关心太空垃圾,随着太空垃圾越来越多,科学家意识到如果不及时清理太空垃圾,人类将面临危险。
1. C 解析:根据下文的信息“Scientists are now concerned that if we don’t clean it up...”可以推知上文和太空垃圾有关,故选C项。
2. E 解析:根据上文“the American satellite Vanguard I stopped operating”和下文的顺承关系可知,停止运作当然造成卫星和地面的中心失去联系,故E项合适。
3. D解析:这是本段的主题句,下文涉及太空中各种各样的垃圾,故本句选D项合适。
4. F解析:既然太空那么多的垃圾有可能会产生各种各样的危害,科学家当然要寻求解决的办法,本空的后面就是讨论它们的处理办法,故本题F项正确。
5. A 解析:根据下文的信息“They will stop littering in space and to clean up the trash already there.”和理解句意可知, they指的是many nations,这些国家在寻求合作以解决太空垃圾的问题,故本题A项正确。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.A; 5.B; 6.C; 7.A; 8.B; 9.B; 10.C; 11.D; 12.C; 13.B; 14.A; 15.C
解析：1.根据下段中的 She had in her arms a kid that ______ crying.可知,一个孩子在哭。故选D项。
2.根据 She had in her arms a kid that ____________ crying.并结合选项可知,只有A项符合语境。keep doing sth意为“一直做某事”。
3.根据语境可知,作者告诉那位母亲,孩子需要有人抱着走走,然后她就会静下来睡觉。break down意为“出故障”;go ahead意为“前进, 进行”;settle down意为“定居;(使某人)安静下来”;set off意为“出发;引起”。故选C项。
4.根据后文的my wrinkled face and while hair (I was almost 60)可推知,作者是四个“成年”孩子的父亲。故选A项。
5.根据空后的to walk the kid so she could get some sleep 可知,作者“主动提出”抱着孩子去走走,这样她就能睡一会儿了。offer to do sth 意为“(主动)提出要做某事”,故选B项。
6.根据空后的for the kid’s name and age可知作者是在“问"孩子的名字和年龄。故选C项。
7.根据常识和后文的walked slowly可知,作者在哄孩子睡觉,所以是开始慢慢地走到经济舱的前面。故选A项。
8.根据常识,作者把孩子哄睡着了,自然要送回到妈妈那里,也就是回到妈妈的座位(seat)。故选B项。
9.根据上文的I took the kid in my arms 及I kept walking for over three hours and walked slowly up and down. 可知在长达13个小时的航班上作者有四分之一的时间在抱着一个孩子。故选B项。
10.根据下文的wanting to see the kid可知,航班上的女士们要看孩子,因为作者抱着孩子来回走,所以是让作者停下来。故选C项。
11.根据下文的“Four,”可知(一位女士)在问作者有几个孩子。
12.根据前文的I hope this is your last one可知,她认为作者是孩子的父亲。故选C项。
13.根据语境,作者应是微笑着继续来回走。故选B项。
14.根据下文的I gave her kid back to her可知,孩子的妈妈醒了。
15.根据语境,此处是说作者把孩子抱给她妈妈时,她仍然在熟睡。
第二节
答案：1.how2.majority3.located4.another5.because6.exactly7.facing8.which9.or10.be repaired
解析：
1. how解析:理解句意可知,卫星拍照是为了显示云是如何移动的,故用连接副词how。
2. majority解析:定冠词后面用名词majority“大多数”。
3. located解析:短语be located表示“位于”。
4. another解析:理解句意可知,从一个地方把图片传送到另一个地方,another=another place,符合句意。
5.because解析:人造卫星在太空中看似不动的原因是it is moving...,故用because引导该表语从句。
6. exactly解析:本空用副词修饰短语the same speed。
7. facing解析:现在分词短语作后置定语,天线是face“面对”动作的执行者,故用现在分词。
8. which解析:关系代词which引导定语从句,修饰先行词little rockets。
9. or解析:理解句意可知,这种情况一般每五到六年发生一次,故用连词or“或者”。
10. be repaired解析:不定式作目的状语,句子的主语satellites是repair动作的承受者,故用不定式的被动式。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Recently our class had a heated discussion about whether it is important to protect the cultural heritage. We hold different views on it.
80% of us think it important to protect the cultural heritage. They believe that the cultural heritage is a symbol of splendid ancient civilization which can make us feel proud of our nation. However, the others don’t think so, arguing that protecting the cultural heritage cannot promote the development of society;or rather, it is a waste of time and money.
In my opinion,it’s our duty to take more effective measures to protect our cultural heritage and we can benefil a lot from the cultural and historical inspirations it conveys.
第二节
答案：
One possible version
Paragraph 1:
When he got to the front of the room, he stood directly in front of the little girl and held out his arms. His hands and arms were terribly scarred. The little girl cried out, "This is the man who rescued me!" With a leap, she threw her arms around the man's neck. She buried her face in his shoulder and sobbed for a few moments. Then she looked up and smiled at him.
Paragraph 2:
When asked about her choice, the girl gave people the reasons firmly. She said in a low but determined voice, "I really desire to get a good education that will give me chances to live my dreams. Besides, I know that money means a lot to me since I have no relatives to rely on. But, it's the man who saved my life when I was desperately facing a fire like that. Without him, I wouldn't be here, waiting for a new choice. I hope that I can do whatever I can to pay back his kindness."
解析： 1.在题干中要求包含相关内容，故在文章编写时要十分注意，保证内容上的完整。
2.在行文过程中应注意分条来编写，使文章有结构感。
3.文章中，结构要清晰，进行分段编写，用到相关连词或表达，使得文章有逻辑性。
4.在写作中，要注意使用复杂句型，符合该年段英语学习内容；可多尝试使用高级词汇，来增加文章亮点。
5.1）他的手和胳膊伤痕累累。（terribly scarred伤痕累累）
2）她把脸埋在他的肩上，抽泣了一会儿。（sob抽噎；呜咽）
3）另外，我知道钱对我来说很重要，因为我没有亲戚可以依靠。（rely on依靠）