人教版（2019）必修第三册 Unit 4 Space Exploration A卷 单元检测卷（含答案和解析）
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Unit 4 Space Exploration A卷 基础夯实—2022-2023学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册单元达标测试卷
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
A newly discovered planet looks just right for life as we know it, according to an international group of astronomers. Orbiting a star about 500 light-years away, the planet called Kepler-186f is about the same size as Earth. It orbits its star at the right distance for liquid water on the surface. That is a necessary condition for life as we know it.
But it is not exactly like Earth, NASA planetary scientist Elisa Quintana said. "It's more of an Earth's cousin. It's not an Earth's twin. It shares the same characteristics as Earth, but their parent stars are very different," said Quintana.
Kepler-186f orbits a star that is smaller and cooler than our sun. But, writing in the journal Science, the astronomers say the planet appears to be a closer relative than most of the hundreds of others discovered so far. Some are massive gas-covered giants with thick, crushing atmospheres. Others orbit too close to their stars and are too hot for life.
Two planets discovered last year are in the right orbit and might be good candidates for life, Quintana says, but they are a bit bigger than Earth. "For the first time, we can actually say we now have a planet that is both Earth-sized and orbits in its star's habitable zone," she said.
It may be the first time, but it probably is not the last, says Massachusetts Institute of Technology astrophysicist Sara Seager. "We've been waiting decades to understand how common habitable planets might be, and it's looking like they're really common. And this gives us excitement and motivation to take the next step," said Seager.
The next step would be to look for signs of life in the atmospheres of these distant worlds. That would take a more sophisticated (高端的；复杂的) space telescope. But budget cuts threaten that mission, says University of California at Los Angeles astrophysicist Ben Zuckerman, "In principle, we could do this in the next few decades. But in practice, because there's no money, it's not gonna happen. It's not gonna happen in my lifetime, for example."
Leaving earthbound concerns behind, NASA's Elisa Quintana believes that when the next-generation space telescope is launched, it will find that we are not alone in the universe.
1.What does the underlined word "That" (Paragraph 1) refer to________
A. The right distance. B. Liquid water.
C. The right size. D. A star.
2.According to Elisa Quintana, Kepler-186f ________
A. is more of an Earth's cousin than an Earth's twin
B. has a lot in common with Earth, including their parent stars
C. is a lot bigger than Earth
D. is smaller and cooler than our sun
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
A. Where there is water, there is life
B. A planet exactly like Earth found
C. Life discovered on Kepler-186f
D. New Earth-size planet found
B
Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets(彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However, Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the. shape of an ellipse(椭圆).
Now Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Halley. The different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction(预言) of what the comet would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it for he has died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halley's cornet, in his honour.
4.Halley made his discovery _________.
A.by doing experiments B.by means of his own careful observation
C.by using the work of other scientists D.by chance
5.Halley made a surprising but correct prediction in the year ________.
A.1704 B.1705 C.1706 D.1707
6.This passage in general is about __________.
A.Halley and other scientists B.the orbit of a comet
C.Newton and Halley D.Halley and his discovery
7.Which of the following is TRUE
A.Newton was a famous mathematician.
B.Halley made his discovery by doing experiments.
C.Edmund Halley was an American scientist.
D.The orbit of a comet had the shape of a circle.
C
NASA’s Perseverance rover has been on Mars since mid-February. Perseverance brought along a small helicopter called Ingenuity. On April 19, Ingenuity became the first helicopter to fly on another planet.
That was a big deal because the flying conditions on Mars are completely different from those on Earth. For one thing, the atmosphere on Mars is about 100 times thinner than that on Earth. But Ingenuity flew very well. In first test it simply lifted off and landed. But soon it was doing more difficult activities.
Ingenuity was planned as a technology lest, just to see if a helicopter could fly on Mars. But it has done so well that NASA has now decided to use it to help Perseverance. The helicopter will fly along and help check areas for the rover. It’s not clear how long little helicopter will fly. It was only made to run for 30 days, and it could be landing in some dangerous areas where it’s more likely to have an accident.
On April 20, NASA had another Mars first: a machine called MOXIE produced O2 from in — Martian atmosphere. CO2 gas makes up 96% of the atmosphere on Mars, making it bad for humans to breathe, in order for humans to spend time on Mars, they’ll need to be able to make O2 to breathe. Large amounts of O2 could be used as power for spacecraft.
MOXIE is a small machine made to test the technology for making O2 from the Martian atmosphere. In its first test, MOX1E produced enough O2 to allow a person to breathe for about 10 minutes.
8.What makes it difficult for the helicopter to fly on Mars
A. The strong wind on Mara.
B. The thin atmosphere on Mars.
C. The small size of the helicopter.
D. The poor condition of the helicopter.
9.What was the helicopter intended for
A. Taking pictures. B. Carrying supplies,
C. Testing technology. D. Gathering information.
10.What can we learn about MOXIE that___ .
A. It worked in the Martian environment.
B. It worked better on Mars than on Earth.
C. It was made to run on Mars for 30 days.
D. It produced enough O2 for one to live on Mars.
11.What is the best title for the text
A. A Helicopter to Mars B. Two Tests on Mars
C. Perseverance Rover D. MOXIE: An O2-Maker
D
“Hello,Earth! Can you hear me ” That’s the voice more than 400,000 people received recently. It was from Philae, a space vehicle that landed on a comet in 2014. However, its transmissions(传送信号) back home went silent since then.
It took a long time for Philae to make its way across the solar system and reach comet 67P/CG. The space vehicle got there aboard the Rosetta probe(探测器), which has been circling around the comet since Philae separated from it in November, 2014.
Philae’s job was to collect materials to study the comet’s composition. And for about two and a half days after landing, it did just that,sending the information back to scientists on Earth. But Philae's landing on the comet's icy surface had not been smooth. While touching down, it jumped up and ended up in the shadow of something like a huge rock. Philae runs on solar power, but there was no light in the place where it landed. In the end lit failed to work.
However, as comet 67F/CG moved closer to the Sun, more sunlight reached the space vehicle, allowing it to power up and come back online. Philae then sent something to Rosetta,which passed on the information back to Earth.
"We only received the information for about 85 seconds, but that's enough to let us know it is alive and well," says Stephan Ulamec, who works for the European Space Agency. "We hope to work out where it landed exactly on the 4-kilometre-wide comet. Now we plan to change how Rosetta moves so that Philae can keep on communicating and receiving instructions."
1.Hearing Philae's voice, those people must have felt __________.
A.afraid B.calm C.excited D.worried
2.According to the text, Philae ___________.
A.was damaged when it landed B.moved around comet 67P/CG
C.needs light and gas to keep working D.helps scientists learn about a comet
3.What Stephan says in the text suggests that _________.
A.Rosetta will move around another comet B.Philae will continue to work for scientists
C.most comets are as wide as four kilometres D.he wonders whether Philae is still alive
4.What does the author mainly talk about in the text
A.A sleeping space vehicle wakes up. B.It is very dangerous to travel in space.
C.A new comet was discovered recently. D.Philae was sent into space successfully.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever dreamed of traveling to space With many developments in space travel, you may soon be able to book a ticket.
The International Space Station (ISS) welcomed the first all-private team of astronauts on April 9. The four-man team made a flight hailed by NASA as a milestone (里程碑) in commercial spaceflight. ①_______. Let’s take a look.
Fly me to the moon
Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa, 46, has invited eight members of the public to join him for a trip around the moon with the help of Elon Musk’s SpaceX company. ②_______. Finally it will spend three days returning. In addition to its historic first as a private lunar (月球) mission, the rocket’s flight path means it will go beyond the distance traveled by the US Apollo missions. The mission, called DearMoon, is scheduled for 2023.
Living in space hotel
Instead of squeezing (挤) into a space cabin (太空舱), how about enjoying your time in a hotel ③_______. It is expected to have restaurants, cinemas and rooms for up to 400 guests. Developed by a US company, the space station will be a large circular (圆形的) structure. ④_______. It is similar to the gravity found on the surface of the moon.
Short space trip
While some people may like to stay in space for a long time, others may prefer to simply have a taste. Tickets for a 90-minute journey have been on sale to the public since Feb 16. ⑤_______. The commercial tourist flights with a private space tourism company are arranged later this year.
A. The short space trip has appealed to some people.
B. It will climb to reach the edge of the atmosphere.
C. There are also many other space travel choices available.
D. It will rotate (旋转) to create artificial gravity.
E. The mission will take three days to fly to the moon and then orbit.
F. The world’s first space hotel is due to start construction in 2025.
G. The mission will enjoy the views of Earth.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It's hard being an astronaut's son. I 1 , everybody expects you to be special or 2 , but I'm just an average student.
I often wonder 3 my father ever had a son like me. I mean he's so 4 and so good at everything. So I used to dream about doing something spectacular(令人印象深刻的) to 5 my father.
In one class, my teacher 6 a Father's Day essay contest for us and the winners' essays would be read in front of all the parents and students. After school I walked home, 7 about my father, who I would write about in my essay.
He sat with me in the 8 when I was a little kid and had a nightmare. He 9 me with a new puppy at my eighth birthday party. To me, he wasn't a world-famous astronaut, but just my dad.
I wrote about all these 10 in y essay. One of our neighbours said, "I 11 you'll win the contest, David. You're the only one in town whose father is an astronaut." I didn't want to win 12 because my father was an astronaut.
I won second prize. When I finished reading my essay, the 13 applauded. I saw my father blowing his nose.
Dad nodded to me, 14 his throat, and put his hand on my shoulder. "Son, this is the 15 moment of my life," he said.
It was the proudest moment of my life, too. Maybe I'll never be a great hero or win a Nobel Prize, but just then, it was enough just to be my father's son.
1.A.doubt B.say C.know D.believe
2.A.strange B.honest C.perfect D.formal
3.A.why B.where C.whether D.when
4.A.normal B.funny C.special D.unique
5.A.shock B.influence C.attract D.impress
6.A.reported B.announced C.claimed D.warned
7.A.caring B.worrying C.thinking D.complaining
8.A.silence B.threat C.horror D.dark
9.A.pleased B.astonished C.supported D.encouraged
10.A.experiments B.incidents C.dreams D.memories
11.A.wish B.guess C.bet D.promise
12.A.merely B.never C.hardly D.nearly
13.A.parents B.audience C.students D.teachers
14.A.cleaned B.blew C.cleared D.opened
15.A.most B.proudest C.smallest D.longest
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show ①____________ clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.
Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. The ②____________ (major) of our TV programmes come to us through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find where they are exactly ③____________ (locate).
We use satellites to transmit television pictures from one part of the world to ④____________. They are usually 35,880 kilometres above the equator. Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is ⑤____________ it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometres an hour ⑥____________ (exact)the same speed that the earth rotates. A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae(天线) ⑦____________ (face) the earth. Sometimes,it moves away from its orbit. So there are little rockets on it ⑧____________ are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five ⑨____________ six days.
Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 10 — 12 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to ⑩____________ (repair). Often, very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华,某英文报社即将举行一次与航空航天相关的夏令营,正在征求活动方案。请你就此用英文给该报社写一封电子邮件表达你的兴趣及你对活动方案的设计。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当増加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:航空航天 aerospace
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sam Watts was a 37-year-old fisherman living and Working in Canada. One day, Sam planned to head out into the Pacific at 9 am and work straight through until 5pm the next day. Joining Sam would be his crewman, 24-year-old Tom Buck.
Although Sam had been warned that a storm was coming, there was little that would keep him from going. As he sailed through the waves some 120 kilometers from land, Sam let out his three-kilometer-long fishing line. The storm was gaining strength on land but had yet to reach the men far offshore. That changed around 1 am. Waves rocked the small boat, which began to turn sideways like an amusement park ride. “Get us out of here!” Tom screamed to Sam. “Let’s go back!”
With the winds and waves kicking up, the boat began to fill with water. Sam and Tom tried to pull in the fishing line together, but the high waves filled the boat with water, forcing Sam to make a hard decision. He cut the line, losing thousands of dollars’ worth of equipment and fish in the sea. He then pointed the boat toward a port five hours away. Sam then called his boss, William Fox, to report his position.
With dawn coming, Sam spotted the rise of the mountains on the horizon. He was figuring out a route through the dangerous waters when suddenly the motor stopped. “I couldn’t believe it,” Sam said. “We were 24 kilometers off the coast, and the motor died.” High waves raised and dropped the boat, sending the men crashing into the sides. “William, William!” Sam yelled into the radio. “If you’re coming to get me, come now!”
“We’re coming!” William shouted back.
Paragraph 1：
Shortly after, the radio died and the wind continued to blow straight offshore, driving the men farther out to sea.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
The next morning, Sam spotted a fishing boat in the distance.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
1.答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据第一段最后两句“It orbits its star at the right distance for liquid water on the surface. That is a necessary condition for life as we know it.（它围绕恒星运行的轨道距离正好适合地表的液态水。那正是我们所知道的生命的必要条件)”可知，That指代前一句中的“liquid water”。故选B。
2.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It's more of an Earth's cousin. It's not an Earth's twin.(它更像是地球的表亲，它不是地球的孪生兄弟）”可知，与其说Kepler-l86f是地球的孪生兄弟，不如说是地球的表亲。故选A。
3.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“Orbiting a star about 500 light-years away, the planet called Kepler-186f is about the same size as Earth.（这颗名为开普勒-186f的行星围绕着500光年外的一颗恒星运行，其大小与地球大致相同”及后文内容可知，文章主要讲述的就是这颗与地球相似的行星。因此“New Earth-size planet found(新发现的类地行星）”适合作为本文标题。故选D。
B
4.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文中第三段的信息“He made a surprising discovery”可知哈雷的这个发现纯属偶然,故选D项。
5.答案：B
解析：数字计算题。末段中的“He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years lo gobefore Halley’s prediction could be tested.”告诉我们,他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年,而这个预言还要过53年才能验证,由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年,故B项正确。
6.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。综观全文不难看出,文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现,故选D项。
7.答案：A
解析：综合判断题。从文章首句可以看出C项错误;从第二题的分析中可知B项也错误;牛顿告诉哈雷替星的轨道是椭圆形的,可排除D。正确答案为A项。
C
8.答案：B
9.答案：C
10.答案：A
11.答案：B
D
12.答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.推理判断题。由第一段中的Philae...landed on a comet in 2014. However, its transmissions back home went silent since then.可知,Philae于2014年着陆彗星后就失联了,所以当人们再次听到它传来的声音时一定很兴奋,故选C项。
2.细节理解题。由第三段中的Philae’s job was to collect materials to study the comet’s composition.可知, Philae的任务是帮助科学家了解一颗慧星的相关情况,故选D项。
3.细节理解题。由最后一段中的Now we plan to change how Rosetta moves so that Philae can keep on communicating and receiving instructions.可知,Philae将会继续服役,故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。总览全文可知,文章主要介绍了慧星着陆器Philae的一些情况。它在沉睡了好久之后醒了过来,并向地球发回了信息。
第二节
答案：①-⑤ CEFDA
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CCACD 6-10 BCDAD 11-15 CABCB
解析：1.根据前一句It's hard being an astronaut's son.(做一个宇航员的儿子真难)可知, 此处指的是"我知道, 每个人都盼望着你很特别或十全十美"。故选C项。
2.第一句说做宇航员的儿子难, 此处解释难的原因: 每个人都盼望着你很特别或十全十美。根据空后的average可知, 此处表示与其相反的含义, 故选C项。perfect意为"完美的", 符合语境。
3.根据后一句I mean he's so ______ and so good at everything.可知, 作者总是想知道父亲为什么会有像他这样的儿子。故选A项。
4. 根据第一段第二句中的everybody expects you to be special or和该空后的so good at everything可知, 作者认为父亲很特别, special意为"特别的"。故选C项。
5.根据该空前的doing something spectacular可知此处指的是作者想做一些惊人的举动来给父亲留下深刻的印象。impress sb意为"给某人留下深刻的印象"。故选D项。
6.根据空后的a Father's Day essay contest可知, 作者的老师宣布了—个有关父亲节的写作比赛。announce意为"宣布"。故选B项
7.结合语境可知此处指的是, 作者在回家的路上, 一边走一边想自己的父亲。think about意为"考虑; 思考"。故选C项。
8.根据空后的had a nightmare可知, 此处指的是当作者是个小孩子, 做噩梦的时候, 父亲会陪作者一起坐在黑暗当中。故选D项。
9.此处指的是, 他用一条新的小狗来逗作者开心。please意为"使高兴"。故选A项。
10.根据上一段的描述可知, 作者把所有这些记忆都写在了文章当中。memory意为"记忆"。故选D项。
11.根据后一句You're the only one in town whose father is an astronaut.可知, 邻居确信作者会在比赛中获胜。bet意为"打赌; 确信"。故选C项。
12.句意为: 我不想只是因为我爸爸是宇航员而获胜。根据上下文语境可知选A项。merely意为"仅仅; 只不过"。
13.根据第三段和倒数第二、三段的描述可知, 台下除了学生以外, 还有老师和家长。故此处指的是观众鼓起掌来。audience意为"观众"。故选B项。
14.根据前文中的I saw my father blowing his nose.可知, 父亲擤了擤鼻子, 此处则应指他清了清嗓子, 把手放在作者的肩膀上对作者说。clear one's throat意为"清嗓子"。故选C项。
15.根据下文中的It was the proudest moment of my life, too.可知, 此处指的是这是父亲最骄傲的时刻。故选B项。
第二节
答案：1.how2.majority3.located4.another5.because6.exactly7.facing8.which9.or10.be repaired
解析：
1. how解析:理解句意可知,卫星拍照是为了显示云是如何移动的,故用连接副词how。
2. majority解析:定冠词后面用名词majority“大多数”。
3. located解析:短语be located表示“位于”。
4. another解析:理解句意可知,从一个地方把图片传送到另一个地方,another=another place,符合句意。
5.because解析:人造卫星在太空中看似不动的原因是it is moving...,故用because引导该表语从句。
6. exactly解析:本空用副词修饰短语the same speed。
7. facing解析:现在分词短语作后置定语,天线是face“面对”动作的执行者,故用现在分词。
8. which解析:关系代词which引导定语从句,修饰先行词little rockets。
9. or解析:理解句意可知,这种情况一般每五到六年发生一次,故用连词or“或者”。
10. be repaired解析:不定式作目的状语,句子的主语satellites是repair动作的承受者,故用不定式的被动式。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：Dear Sir,
I am glad to hear that a summer camp about aerospace will be held. It attracts me a lot, and I sincerely hope that I can participate in.
Here are my ideas for the camp. First, there should be some time to enjoy and admire true spaceships or rockets that have been used or will be used, which can increase our interest. Then I hope you can invite some astronauts to share their experience with us. Besides, I hope we can have the chance to experience it in the experimental situation. And it will be better if we can be taught to make some aircraft models and take them as gifts for family and friends.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1：
Shortly after, the radio died and the wind continued to blow straight offshore, driving the men farther out to sea. They had been drifting for hours. After what seemed a century, suddenly Sam shouted and pointed at a nearby place, “Look! There is an island!” Sam and Tom quickly jumped into the sea, which became calmer, and they managed to land on the island. (高分句型一) They were surprised to find that there were people living on it. The people there gave them some food. The storm seemed to be over and they had a good sleep that night.(要点1：他们找到了小岛)
Paragraph 2：
The next morning, Sam spotted a fishing boat in the distance. It belonged to the people on the island. These kind people gave the boat to Sam as a present and warned him that the storm would come back again in two days, so he must hurry up! (高分句型二) Sam thanked them and set off on the route he had planned. After two days’ sailing, they finally reached the coast. At that time, Sam’s radio rang: “I’m William! I’m in the middle of the sea. The storm is rocking my boat terribly. Help me!” (要点2：好心人给了他们小船)
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
A newly discovered planet looks just right for life as we know it, according to an international group of astronomers. Orbiting a star about 500 light-years away, the planet called Kepler-186f is about the same size as Earth. It orbits its star at the right distance for liquid water on the surface. That is a necessary condition for life as we know it.
But it is not exactly like Earth, NASA planetary scientist Elisa Quintana said. "It's more of an Earth's cousin. It's not an Earth's twin. It shares the same characteristics as Earth, but their parent stars are very different," said Quintana.
Kepler-186f orbits a star that is smaller and cooler than our sun. But, writing in the journal Science, the astronomers say the planet appears to be a closer relative than most of the hundreds of others discovered so far. Some are massive gas-covered giants with thick, crushing atmospheres. Others orbit too close to their stars and are too hot for life.
Two planets discovered last year are in the right orbit and might be good candidates for life, Quintana says, but they are a bit bigger than Earth. "For the first time, we can actually say we now have a planet that is both Earth-sized and orbits in its star's habitable zone," she said.
It may be the first time, but it probably is not the last, says Massachusetts Institute of Technology astrophysicist Sara Seager. "We've been waiting decades to understand how common habitable planets might be, and it's looking like they're really common. And this gives us excitement and motivation to take the next step," said Seager.
The next step would be to look for signs of life in the atmospheres of these distant worlds. That would take a more sophisticated (高端的；复杂的) space telescope. But budget cuts threaten that mission, says University of California at Los Angeles astrophysicist Ben Zuckerman, "In principle, we could do this in the next few decades. But in practice, because there's no money, it's not gonna happen. It's not gonna happen in my lifetime, for example."
Leaving earthbound concerns behind, NASA's Elisa Quintana believes that when the next-generation space telescope is launched, it will find that we are not alone in the universe.
1.What does the underlined word "That" (Paragraph 1) refer to________
A. The right distance. B. Liquid water.
C. The right size. D. A star.
2.According to Elisa Quintana, Kepler-186f ________
A. is more of an Earth's cousin than an Earth's twin
B. has a lot in common with Earth, including their parent stars
C. is a lot bigger than Earth
D. is smaller and cooler than our sun
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
A. Where there is water, there is life
B. A planet exactly like Earth found
C. Life discovered on Kepler-186f
D. New Earth-size planet found
B
Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets(彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However, Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the. shape of an ellipse(椭圆).
Now Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Halley. The different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction(预言) of what the comet would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it for he has died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halley's cornet, in his honour.
4.Halley made his discovery _________.
A.by doing experiments B.by means of his own careful observation
C.by using the work of other scientists D.by chance
5.Halley made a surprising but correct prediction in the year ________.
A.1704 B.1705 C.1706 D.1707
6.This passage in general is about __________.
A.Halley and other scientists B.the orbit of a comet
C.Newton and Halley D.Halley and his discovery
7.Which of the following is TRUE
A.Newton was a famous mathematician.
B.Halley made his discovery by doing experiments.
C.Edmund Halley was an American scientist.
D.The orbit of a comet had the shape of a circle.
C
NASA’s Perseverance rover has been on Mars since mid-February. Perseverance brought along a small helicopter called Ingenuity. On April 19, Ingenuity became the first helicopter to fly on another planet.
That was a big deal because the flying conditions on Mars are completely different from those on Earth. For one thing, the atmosphere on Mars is about 100 times thinner than that on Earth. But Ingenuity flew very well. In first test it simply lifted off and landed. But soon it was doing more difficult activities.
Ingenuity was planned as a technology lest, just to see if a helicopter could fly on Mars. But it has done so well that NASA has now decided to use it to help Perseverance. The helicopter will fly along and help check areas for the rover. It’s not clear how long little helicopter will fly. It was only made to run for 30 days, and it could be landing in some dangerous areas where it’s more likely to have an accident.
On April 20, NASA had another Mars first: a machine called MOXIE produced O2 from in — Martian atmosphere. CO2 gas makes up 96% of the atmosphere on Mars, making it bad for humans to breathe, in order for humans to spend time on Mars, they’ll need to be able to make O2 to breathe. Large amounts of O2 could be used as power for spacecraft.
MOXIE is a small machine made to test the technology for making O2 from the Martian atmosphere. In its first test, MOX1E produced enough O2 to allow a person to breathe for about 10 minutes.
8.What makes it difficult for the helicopter to fly on Mars
A. The strong wind on Mara.
B. The thin atmosphere on Mars.
C. The small size of the helicopter.
D. The poor condition of the helicopter.
9.What was the helicopter intended for
A. Taking pictures. B. Carrying supplies,
C. Testing technology. D. Gathering information.
10.What can we learn about MOXIE that___ .
A. It worked in the Martian environment.
B. It worked better on Mars than on Earth.
C. It was made to run on Mars for 30 days.
D. It produced enough O2 for one to live on Mars.
11.What is the best title for the text
A. A Helicopter to Mars B. Two Tests on Mars
C. Perseverance Rover D. MOXIE: An O2-Maker
D
“Hello,Earth! Can you hear me ” That’s the voice more than 400,000 people received recently. It was from Philae, a space vehicle that landed on a comet in 2014. However, its transmissions(传送信号) back home went silent since then.
It took a long time for Philae to make its way across the solar system and reach comet 67P/CG. The space vehicle got there aboard the Rosetta probe(探测器), which has been circling around the comet since Philae separated from it in November, 2014.
Philae’s job was to collect materials to study the comet’s composition. And for about two and a half days after landing, it did just that,sending the information back to scientists on Earth. But Philae's landing on the comet's icy surface had not been smooth. While touching down, it jumped up and ended up in the shadow of something like a huge rock. Philae runs on solar power, but there was no light in the place where it landed. In the end lit failed to work.
However, as comet 67F/CG moved closer to the Sun, more sunlight reached the space vehicle, allowing it to power up and come back online. Philae then sent something to Rosetta,which passed on the information back to Earth.
"We only received the information for about 85 seconds, but that's enough to let us know it is alive and well," says Stephan Ulamec, who works for the European Space Agency. "We hope to work out where it landed exactly on the 4-kilometre-wide comet. Now we plan to change how Rosetta moves so that Philae can keep on communicating and receiving instructions."
1.Hearing Philae's voice, those people must have felt __________.
A.afraid B.calm C.excited D.worried
2.According to the text, Philae ___________.
A.was damaged when it landed B.moved around comet 67P/CG
C.needs light and gas to keep working D.helps scientists learn about a comet
3.What Stephan says in the text suggests that _________.
A.Rosetta will move around another comet B.Philae will continue to work for scientists
C.most comets are as wide as four kilometres D.he wonders whether Philae is still alive
4.What does the author mainly talk about in the text
A.A sleeping space vehicle wakes up. B.It is very dangerous to travel in space.
C.A new comet was discovered recently. D.Philae was sent into space successfully.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever dreamed of traveling to space With many developments in space travel, you may soon be able to book a ticket.
The International Space Station (ISS) welcomed the first all-private team of astronauts on April 9. The four-man team made a flight hailed by NASA as a milestone (里程碑) in commercial spaceflight. ①_______. Let’s take a look.
Fly me to the moon
Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa, 46, has invited eight members of the public to join him for a trip around the moon with the help of Elon Musk’s SpaceX company. ②_______. Finally it will spend three days returning. In addition to its historic first as a private lunar (月球) mission, the rocket’s flight path means it will go beyond the distance traveled by the US Apollo missions. The mission, called DearMoon, is scheduled for 2023.
Living in space hotel
Instead of squeezing (挤) into a space cabin (太空舱), how about enjoying your time in a hotel ③_______. It is expected to have restaurants, cinemas and rooms for up to 400 guests. Developed by a US company, the space station will be a large circular (圆形的) structure. ④_______. It is similar to the gravity found on the surface of the moon.
Short space trip
While some people may like to stay in space for a long time, others may prefer to simply have a taste. Tickets for a 90-minute journey have been on sale to the public since Feb 16. ⑤_______. The commercial tourist flights with a private space tourism company are arranged later this year.
A. The short space trip has appealed to some people.
B. It will climb to reach the edge of the atmosphere.
C. There are also many other space travel choices available.
D. It will rotate (旋转) to create artificial gravity.
E. The mission will take three days to fly to the moon and then orbit.
F. The world’s first space hotel is due to start construction in 2025.
G. The mission will enjoy the views of Earth.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It's hard being an astronaut's son. I 1 , everybody expects you to be special or 2 , but I'm just an average student.
I often wonder 3 my father ever had a son like me. I mean he's so 4 and so good at everything. So I used to dream about doing something spectacular(令人印象深刻的) to 5 my father.
In one class, my teacher 6 a Father's Day essay contest for us and the winners' essays would be read in front of all the parents and students. After school I walked home, 7 about my father, who I would write about in my essay.
He sat with me in the 8 when I was a little kid and had a nightmare. He 9 me with a new puppy at my eighth birthday party. To me, he wasn't a world-famous astronaut, but just my dad.
I wrote about all these 10 in y essay. One of our neighbours said, "I 11 you'll win the contest, David. You're the only one in town whose father is an astronaut." I didn't want to win 12 because my father was an astronaut.
I won second prize. When I finished reading my essay, the 13 applauded. I saw my father blowing his nose.
Dad nodded to me, 14 his throat, and put his hand on my shoulder. "Son, this is the 15 moment of my life," he said.
It was the proudest moment of my life, too. Maybe I'll never be a great hero or win a Nobel Prize, but just then, it was enough just to be my father's son.
1.A.doubt B.say C.know D.believe
2.A.strange B.honest C.perfect D.formal
3.A.why B.where C.whether D.when
4.A.normal B.funny C.special D.unique
5.A.shock B.influence C.attract D.impress
6.A.reported B.announced C.claimed D.warned
7.A.caring B.worrying C.thinking D.complaining
8.A.silence B.threat C.horror D.dark
9.A.pleased B.astonished C.supported D.encouraged
10.A.experiments B.incidents C.dreams D.memories
11.A.wish B.guess C.bet D.promise
12.A.merely B.never C.hardly D.nearly
13.A.parents B.audience C.students D.teachers
14.A.cleaned B.blew C.cleared D.opened
15.A.most B.proudest C.smallest D.longest
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show ①____________ clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.
Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. The ②____________ (major) of our TV programmes come to us through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find where they are exactly ③____________ (locate).
We use satellites to transmit television pictures from one part of the world to ④____________. They are usually 35,880 kilometres above the equator. Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is ⑤____________ it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometres an hour ⑥____________ (exact)the same speed that the earth rotates. A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae(天线) ⑦____________ (face) the earth. Sometimes,it moves away from its orbit. So there are little rockets on it ⑧____________ are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five ⑨____________ six days.
Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 10 — 12 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to ⑩____________ (repair). Often, very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华,某英文报社即将举行一次与航空航天相关的夏令营,正在征求活动方案。请你就此用英文给该报社写一封电子邮件表达你的兴趣及你对活动方案的设计。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当増加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:航空航天 aerospace
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sam Watts was a 37-year-old fisherman living and Working in Canada. One day, Sam planned to head out into the Pacific at 9 am and work straight through until 5pm the next day. Joining Sam would be his crewman, 24-year-old Tom Buck.
Although Sam had been warned that a storm was coming, there was little that would keep him from going. As he sailed through the waves some 120 kilometers from land, Sam let out his three-kilometer-long fishing line. The storm was gaining strength on land but had yet to reach the men far offshore. That changed around 1 am. Waves rocked the small boat, which began to turn sideways like an amusement park ride. “Get us out of here!” Tom screamed to Sam. “Let’s go back!”
With the winds and waves kicking up, the boat began to fill with water. Sam and Tom tried to pull in the fishing line together, but the high waves filled the boat with water, forcing Sam to make a hard decision. He cut the line, losing thousands of dollars’ worth of equipment and fish in the sea. He then pointed the boat toward a port five hours away. Sam then called his boss, William Fox, to report his position.
With dawn coming, Sam spotted the rise of the mountains on the horizon. He was figuring out a route through the dangerous waters when suddenly the motor stopped. “I couldn’t believe it,” Sam said. “We were 24 kilometers off the coast, and the motor died.” High waves raised and dropped the boat, sending the men crashing into the sides. “William, William!” Sam yelled into the radio. “If you’re coming to get me, come now!”
“We’re coming!” William shouted back.
Paragraph 1：
Shortly after, the radio died and the wind continued to blow straight offshore, driving the men farther out to sea.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
The next morning, Sam spotted a fishing boat in the distance.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
1.答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据第一段最后两句“It orbits its star at the right distance for liquid water on the surface. That is a necessary condition for life as we know it.（它围绕恒星运行的轨道距离正好适合地表的液态水。那正是我们所知道的生命的必要条件)”可知，That指代前一句中的“liquid water”。故选B。
2.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It's more of an Earth's cousin. It's not an Earth's twin.(它更像是地球的表亲，它不是地球的孪生兄弟）”可知，与其说Kepler-l86f是地球的孪生兄弟，不如说是地球的表亲。故选A。
3.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“Orbiting a star about 500 light-years away, the planet called Kepler-186f is about the same size as Earth.（这颗名为开普勒-186f的行星围绕着500光年外的一颗恒星运行，其大小与地球大致相同”及后文内容可知，文章主要讲述的就是这颗与地球相似的行星。因此“New Earth-size planet found(新发现的类地行星）”适合作为本文标题。故选D。
B
4.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文中第三段的信息“He made a surprising discovery”可知哈雷的这个发现纯属偶然,故选D项。
5.答案：B
解析：数字计算题。末段中的“He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years lo gobefore Halley’s prediction could be tested.”告诉我们,他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年,而这个预言还要过53年才能验证,由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年,故B项正确。
6.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。综观全文不难看出,文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现,故选D项。
7.答案：A
解析：综合判断题。从文章首句可以看出C项错误;从第二题的分析中可知B项也错误;牛顿告诉哈雷替星的轨道是椭圆形的,可排除D。正确答案为A项。
C
8.答案：B
9.答案：C
10.答案：A
11.答案：B
D
12.答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.推理判断题。由第一段中的Philae...landed on a comet in 2014. However, its transmissions back home went silent since then.可知,Philae于2014年着陆彗星后就失联了,所以当人们再次听到它传来的声音时一定很兴奋,故选C项。
2.细节理解题。由第三段中的Philae’s job was to collect materials to study the comet’s composition.可知, Philae的任务是帮助科学家了解一颗慧星的相关情况,故选D项。
3.细节理解题。由最后一段中的Now we plan to change how Rosetta moves so that Philae can keep on communicating and receiving instructions.可知,Philae将会继续服役,故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。总览全文可知,文章主要介绍了慧星着陆器Philae的一些情况。它在沉睡了好久之后醒了过来,并向地球发回了信息。
第二节
答案：①-⑤ CEFDA
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CCACD 6-10 BCDAD 11-15 CABCB
解析：1.根据前一句It's hard being an astronaut's son.(做一个宇航员的儿子真难)可知, 此处指的是"我知道, 每个人都盼望着你很特别或十全十美"。故选C项。
2.第一句说做宇航员的儿子难, 此处解释难的原因: 每个人都盼望着你很特别或十全十美。根据空后的average可知, 此处表示与其相反的含义, 故选C项。perfect意为"完美的", 符合语境。
3.根据后一句I mean he's so ______ and so good at everything.可知, 作者总是想知道父亲为什么会有像他这样的儿子。故选A项。
4. 根据第一段第二句中的everybody expects you to be special or和该空后的so good at everything可知, 作者认为父亲很特别, special意为"特别的"。故选C项。
5.根据该空前的doing something spectacular可知此处指的是作者想做一些惊人的举动来给父亲留下深刻的印象。impress sb意为"给某人留下深刻的印象"。故选D项。
6.根据空后的a Father's Day essay contest可知, 作者的老师宣布了—个有关父亲节的写作比赛。announce意为"宣布"。故选B项
7.结合语境可知此处指的是, 作者在回家的路上, 一边走一边想自己的父亲。think about意为"考虑; 思考"。故选C项。
8.根据空后的had a nightmare可知, 此处指的是当作者是个小孩子, 做噩梦的时候, 父亲会陪作者一起坐在黑暗当中。故选D项。
9.此处指的是, 他用一条新的小狗来逗作者开心。please意为"使高兴"。故选A项。
10.根据上一段的描述可知, 作者把所有这些记忆都写在了文章当中。memory意为"记忆"。故选D项。
11.根据后一句You're the only one in town whose father is an astronaut.可知, 邻居确信作者会在比赛中获胜。bet意为"打赌; 确信"。故选C项。
12.句意为: 我不想只是因为我爸爸是宇航员而获胜。根据上下文语境可知选A项。merely意为"仅仅; 只不过"。
13.根据第三段和倒数第二、三段的描述可知, 台下除了学生以外, 还有老师和家长。故此处指的是观众鼓起掌来。audience意为"观众"。故选B项。
14.根据前文中的I saw my father blowing his nose.可知, 父亲擤了擤鼻子, 此处则应指他清了清嗓子, 把手放在作者的肩膀上对作者说。clear one's throat意为"清嗓子"。故选C项。
15.根据下文中的It was the proudest moment of my life, too.可知, 此处指的是这是父亲最骄傲的时刻。故选B项。
第二节
答案：1.how2.majority3.located4.another5.because6.exactly7.facing8.which9.or10.be repaired
解析：
1. how解析:理解句意可知,卫星拍照是为了显示云是如何移动的,故用连接副词how。
2. majority解析:定冠词后面用名词majority“大多数”。
3. located解析:短语be located表示“位于”。
4. another解析:理解句意可知,从一个地方把图片传送到另一个地方,another=another place,符合句意。
5.because解析:人造卫星在太空中看似不动的原因是it is moving...,故用because引导该表语从句。
6. exactly解析:本空用副词修饰短语the same speed。
7. facing解析:现在分词短语作后置定语,天线是face“面对”动作的执行者,故用现在分词。
8. which解析:关系代词which引导定语从句,修饰先行词little rockets。
9. or解析:理解句意可知,这种情况一般每五到六年发生一次,故用连词or“或者”。
10. be repaired解析:不定式作目的状语,句子的主语satellites是repair动作的承受者,故用不定式的被动式。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：Dear Sir,
I am glad to hear that a summer camp about aerospace will be held. It attracts me a lot, and I sincerely hope that I can participate in.
Here are my ideas for the camp. First, there should be some time to enjoy and admire true spaceships or rockets that have been used or will be used, which can increase our interest. Then I hope you can invite some astronauts to share their experience with us. Besides, I hope we can have the chance to experience it in the experimental situation. And it will be better if we can be taught to make some aircraft models and take them as gifts for family and friends.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1：
Shortly after, the radio died and the wind continued to blow straight offshore, driving the men farther out to sea. They had been drifting for hours. After what seemed a century, suddenly Sam shouted and pointed at a nearby place, “Look! There is an island!” Sam and Tom quickly jumped into the sea, which became calmer, and they managed to land on the island. (高分句型一) They were surprised to find that there were people living on it. The people there gave them some food. The storm seemed to be over and they had a good sleep that night.(要点1：他们找到了小岛)
Paragraph 2：
The next morning, Sam spotted a fishing boat in the distance. It belonged to the people on the island. These kind people gave the boat to Sam as a present and warned him that the storm would come back again in two days, so he must hurry up! (高分句型二) Sam thanked them and set off on the route he had planned. After two days’ sailing, they finally reached the coast. At that time, Sam’s radio rang: “I’m William! I’m in the middle of the sea. The storm is rocking my boat terribly. Help me!” (要点2：好心人给了他们小船)