江苏省无锡新领航教育咨询有限公司中考英语语法专题（6份）

学生姓名：鲁/陆 年级：初二 任教学科：英语 教学次数：2 教学时间：2014/02/11 13:00-15:00
指导教师：江洪 教学模式：小班 教学地点：滨湖区万达 新区宝龙 胡埭校区
总述：英语中动词共有16种时态，下面以动词do为例，其各种时态形式如下表：
时间 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式
现在时 do\does am\is\are doing has\have done has\have been done
过去时 done was\were doing had done had been doing
将来时 shall\will do shall\will be doing shall\would have done shall\will have been doing
过去将来时 should\would do should\would be doing should\would have done should\would have been doing
初中则要求掌握以下八种时态： 一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，一般将来时，过去将来时。
1．一般现在时
1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与often、always、usually、every day、sometimes、now and then等时间状语连用
e.g. He gets up at six every day.
2)表示主语现在的状态、特征或性格等
e.g. She has brown hair.
3)表示普遍真理或客观事实
e.g. The earth moves around the sun.
4)在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来动作
e.g. I’ll tell her after you leave.
5) 在口语中，有些表示移动的动词，其一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或时间表要发生的事，句中通常有一个表示未来时间的状语。这些动词有go，come，leave，arrive，return，begin，start，be等
e.g. The Browns come back tonight.
6) 以here，there开头的倒装句，一般现在时可表示目前正在发生的动作
e.g. Here comes the bus.
有少数动词（如say，tell，hear等）可以用一般现在时表示过去发生的情况
e.g. I hear you want a servant.
2．一般过去时
1) 表示过去某个事件发生的动作或存在的状态，一般带有确定的过去时间状语，如the day before yesterday，last night，a few years ago，in 1997等，但有时可不用时间状语而通过情景表示过去时间
e.g. My grandmother died last year.
2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作
e.g. I played basketball every day when I was a boy.
【注】①表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，也可用“used to+动词原形”的结构
e.g. My mother used to go to school on foot.
这种结构的否定式和疑问式可用助动词do，也可不用助动词来构成：don’t use to=usedn’t to
②有些情况发生的时间不很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的，应当用一般过去时
e.g. I was glad to get your letter.
在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示过去将来时间
e.g. He said he would not stay on even though it rained the next morning.
2) 其他表示将来时的结构
① be going to+动词原形”结构，表示说话者明确的打算、安排、决定或确信会发生的事，多用于口语 e.g. When are you going to answer his letter
【注】表示客观上某些事将来必然发生，与主观意愿无关，常用will
e.g. I’ll be eighteen next week.
② “be+动词不定式”结构，表示安排好了要在将来做的事
e.g. You’re stay here till we return.
③ “be about+动词不定式”结构，表示就要发生的事，句中不能用表示动作发生时间的状语 e.g. They are about to start.
④ 一般将来时表示将来时（限于某些动词，表示按计划或时刻表要发生的事）
e.g. We get off at the next stop.
⑤ 现在进行时表示将来时（限于某些动词，表示按计划安排要发生的事）
e.g. We’re having an English evening tonight.
4． 过去将来时
1)过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，过去将来时常用在宾语从句中 过去将来时由“助动词would\should+动词原形”构成
e.g. I knew you would agree.
2)Be going+动词不定式、be+动词不定式、be about+动词不定式，变成过去式后，都相当于过去将来时
e.g. She was going to sell her old car and buy a new one.
3)过去进行时表示过去将来的概念，常用于位置转移的动词，如go，come，leave等
e.g. He told me he was leaving in an hour.
4)在时间、条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来时
e.g. They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.
5． 现在进行时
1) 现在进行时的构成 “助动词be的现在时形式（am，is，are）+主要动词的现在分词”
2) 现在进行时的用法
① 表示此刻正在进行或发生的动作 e.g. What are you thinking about
② 表示现在这一段时间正在发生的动作或变化，虽然这个动作此时此刻不一定正在进行
e.g. I’m sorry I can’t go. I’m writing a report.
3) 现在进行时的其他用法
① 可以用来表示经常性的动作，常和always，constantly，forever这类副词连用，表示厌烦、赞美等情绪
e.g. He is always losing his keys.
② 可以用来表示按计划、安排最近即将发生的动作，常用位置转移的动词，如 go，come，leave，start，arrive等
e.g. Are you going anywhere tomorrow？
③ 可以用在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作
e.g. When you are passing my way, please drop in.
6． 过去进行时
1)过去进行时的构成 “助动词be的过去时形式（was，were）+主要动词的现在分词”
2)过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，句中往往有表示过去的时间状语或上下文表示过去某一特定时刻
句中的过去时间状语往往是：this time yesterday，from 2 to 3 yesterday afternoon，at 10 last Sunday night，at that time，the whole morning yesterday
e.g. We were talking about it a moment ago.
3)过去进行时表示过去某一段时间里持续的动作
e.g. It was snowing last night.
4)与always，constantly，forever等副词连用，带有感彩
e.g. He was always ringing me up.
5)过去进行时可表示过去某时打算要做的事或预计要发生的事
e.g. Mr. Brown was coming to dinner.
6)有时用hope，think，wonder的过去进行时表示现在的想法，可以显得客气一点
e.g. I was wondering whether you could give me some advice.
7)过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较
①过去进行时往往表示动作的未完成性，而一般过去时则往往表示动作已完成
e.g. He was doing his homework in the afternoon.(没有言明作业是否完成)
He did his homework in the afternoon.(作业已做完)
②过去进行时侧重说明动作持续时间的长度，而一般过去时则侧重说明事实。
e.g. It was raining all night.(持续性)\ It rained all night.(只说明下雨事实)
7． 现在完成时
现在完成时，动作发生在过去，但对现在又影响（或结果），这种影响（或结果）往往是说话人兴趣所在，因此动词后常常不用时间状语。
e.g. Someone has broken the window.
1)现在完成时的构成 “助动词have(has)+过去分词”
① 现在完成时的肯定句的构成：主语（第一和第二人称单数，第三人称复数）+have+过去分词 或：主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词
e.g. We have lived in Beijing.\ He has lived in Beijing.
② 现在完成时的否定构成：主语+have(has)+not+过去分词
e.g. I have not seen the film yet.
③ 现在完成时的疑问句的构成：一般疑问句 Have(Has)+主语+过去分词？e.g. Have you finished the work
2)现在完成时的用法
①表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果,于现在时间相关联
e.g. I’ve lost my key.(因此无法进屋)
【注】现在完成时不能和确定的过去时间状语连用，可与不确定的时间状语连用，如：just，already，yet，ever，recently，lately，never，still，before等
e.g. Have you ever talked to him about it
②表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在可能还要持续下去，也可能刚刚结束，这时通常和since或for引导的时间状语连用 e.g. I have lived here for more than thirty years.
【注】⒈现在完成时表示动作持续发生时还可以用以下表示包括现在时间在内的时间状语：up to now，in the past few years，today，so far，these days，this year等
e.g. Up to now, the work has been easy.
⒉表示动作持续发生时只能用表示持续动作的动词或状态动词,不能用表示短暂的动作或位置转移的动词 e.g. 这本书我在上海买的，我买了三年了。
(wrong) I bought this book in Shanghai, I have bought it for three years.
(right) I bought this book in Shanghai, I have had it for three years.
③ 表示“曾经到过某地”，要用have(has) been to，不能用have(has) gone to
e.g. Where has he been (他已经回来) \ Where has he gone (他现在不在这里)
④ Have(has) got在形式上是现在完成时，在意思上却和have(has)相同
e.g. Have you got(=Do you have) a time table
3)现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
①这两个时态都谈已发生的事，主要差别是现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关,或者对现在有影响，或谈现在之前一段时间里发生的事；而一般过去时单纯谈过去的事，与现在没有关系。因此，凡是有过去时间状语，只能用过去时。
e.g. She was here a minute ago.
②现在完成时用于提供新的信息。因此，两人对话时，往往先用完成时，如果继续谈到具体的事情、时间、地点，须用一般过去时 e.g.对话： —Have you milked the cows yet —Yes, we have done that already. —Well done! When did you do that —We did it an hour ago.
8． 过去完成时
1)过去完成时的构成 “助动词had+过去分词”，疑问式将had提前，否定式在had后加not
2)过去完成时的用法
①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态
e.g. He had left when we arrived there.
②用于宾语从句中 e.g. I thought I had seen her somewhere before.
9． 时态的呼应
在主从复合句中，有些从句中的谓语动词时态受到主句谓语动词时态的影响，这种情况叫时态的呼应
1)主句若是现在时态或将来时态，从句可以表述任何事态的事
e.g. I hear you have learned by heart 5,000 English words.
I’ll tell you which hotel I shall stay in.
Nobody knows why she didn’t come to work for a week last month.
2)主句若是过去时态，从句可以表述一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的事
e.g. Mr. Brown told me he wanted to buy a Japanese TOYOTA car.
She didn’t tell me what she was doing then.
He asked me whether I would go abroad in several months.
She didn’t know we had got married.
3)若果从句说明的是一般真理或客观事实，仍用现在时态
e.g. The teacher told us that the earth is round.
************************************************************************
2011和2012中考真题欣赏
【2012福建福州】
35. — Listen, the music _____________sweet.
— It's Yesterday Once More, my favorite.
A. sounds B. smells C. feels
【2012福建福州】
37. — Hello, may I speak to Mr. Smith
— Sorry, he isn't in. He _____________the office.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been away
【2012福建福州】
43. — Our classroom____________every day.
— So it is. It's our duty to keep it clean and tidy.
A. cleans B. is cleaning C. is cleaned
【2012贵州贵阳】36. “Have you ever been to Tokyo ” “Yes, I ______ there twice. It’s a modern city.”
A. have gone B. have been C. had gone
【2012贵州贵阳】
39. In order to make our hometown more beautiful, trees _______ around the city every year.
A. plant B. are planted C. will plant
【2012.安徽省】
35. To protect the environment, supermarket don’t _____ free plastic bags to shoppers.
A.take B. show C. provide D. carry
【2012.安徽省】
41. --Let's discuss the plan, shall we
--Not now. I_____ to an interview.
A. go B. went C. am going D. was going
【2012.安徽省】
49. The task____ in an hour. Then we can go home and have a good rest.
A. was finished B. will be finished C. has been finished D. can't be finished
【2012北京】
25. Let’s ____ for a walk, shall we
A. to go B. going C. go D. gone
【2012北京】
26. —Where were you last Saturday
—I ____ in the Capital Museum.
A. am B. will be C. was D. have been
【2012北京】
29. —May I speak to the headmaster
—He ____ a meeting now. Can I take a message
A. is having B. had C. has D. will have
【2012北京】
32. I ____ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai.
A. didn’t hear from B. don’t hear from
C. won’t hear from D. haven’t heard from
【2012北京】
33. Today, computers are really helpful. They ____ everywhere.
A. use B. are used C. used D. were used
【2012甘肃鸡西市】
25. My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please_____the radio
A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on
【2012甘肃鸡西市】
28. They_____five days finishing the work.
A. paid B. took C. spent
【2012甘肃鸡西市】
30. She_____ her hometown for many years. No one nearly knows her.
A. has been away from B. has left C. had left
【2012甘肃鸡西市】
32. Summer holiday is coming, Li Lei with his father_____to go to Shanghai.
A. want B. will want C. wants
【2012甘肃鸡西市】
33. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs_____it every day.
A. practise to speak B. to practise speaking C. practise speaking
【2012广东】
31. Jenny in the kitchen when you called her at 5 o'clock this afternoon.
A. is cooking B. was cooking C. cooks D. Cooked
【2012广东】
35. Hot water in the students' flats from 5 pm to 7 pm now.
A. supplies B. is supplied C. supplied D. was supplied
【2012广东】
36. If our government attention to controlling food safety now, our health _____in
danger.
won't pay; is B. doesn't pay; is C. won't pay; will be D. doesn't pay; will be
【2012广东】
37. — Both Li Lei and Han Meimei fond of the TV program A Bite of China.
— I am also deeply moved by its stories!
A. is B. am C. was D. Are
【2012广东】39. Our English teacher is very nice. We friends since three years ago.
A. were B. became C. have been D. have made
【2012广东】
43. — You haven't been to the West Lake, have you
— . But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation.
A. No, I haven't B. No, I didn't C. Yes, I have D. Yes, I did
【2012广西玉林】
31. ---Tim played the guitar very well in the school talent show.
--- I think so. He practices __________ it every day.
A. play B. playing C. to play D. plays
【2012广西玉林】
34. —I can’t find Ted for three days. Where is he
—He _______ Beijing for a meeting.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to
【2012广西玉林】
38. Last year, Shenzhou-8 _______ into the space. It made us proud.
A. is sent B. was sent C. sends D. sent
【2012安顺】
16. Look! _____ some juice in the glass.
A．There is B．There are C．There haveD．There has
【2012贵州安顺】
20.The old man _____ in Shanghai, but he _____ in Haikou now.
A．be born; live B．was born ; live C．is born; lives D．was born; lives
【2012贵州安顺】
23.——Do you know whether the man _____ by the door is Mr. Smith
——Sure. We’ve known each other for a long time.
A．stand B．standing C．stood D．stands
【2012贵州安顺】
24.My father would rather _____ than _____．
A．stay at home; to go out B．to stay at home; to go out
C．stay at home; go out D．to stay at home; go out
【2012贵州安顺】
27.It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river to get to school．We think a bridge_____ over the river． A．was built B．should be built C．has been built D．is being built
【2012贵州毕节】
25. Lucy ______ a student last year, but now she ______ a teacher.
A. is; is B. was； is C. was； will be D. is； was
【2012贵州毕节】
26. —Were you at home at 9:00 last night I called you but nobody answered.
—Sorry，I ______ at that time.
A. take a shower B. took a shower
C. was taking a shower D. am taking a shower
【2012贵州毕节】
27. —Mum, I can't find my shoes.
—Hurry up! Your father ______ for us.
A. is waiting B. waited C. waits D. will wait
*****************************************************************
【2011湖北恩施】
25. You should ______ it carefully before ______ a composition.
A. consider； write B. consider； writing C. considering； writing
【2011湖北恩施】
28. He ______ go out with his parents, but now he ______ staying at home alone.
A. used to； is used to B. is used to； used to C. use to； is used to
【2011湖北恩施】
31. —I called you last night, but you didn’t answer it.
—I’m terribly sorry. I ______ a meeting at that time.
A. had B. was having C. am having
【2011湖北恩施】
34. —When did you buy the computer
—I have ______ this computer for 5 years, but it still works well.
A. bought B. have C. had
【2011湖南株洲】
27. If more trees ______ planted, our city will be more beautiful.
A. were B. are C. will be
【2011湖南株洲】
30.－Have you ever been to Shanghai
－Yes. I ______ there with my father last year.
A. went B. have been C. have gone
【2011河南】
( ) 27. —What smells terrible, Ted
—I'm sorry. I'll _______ my shoes and wash them at once.
A. take away B. put away C. move away D. get away
【2011河南】
( ) 30. —Have you heard of Earth Day
—Yes. The first Earth Day _________ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.
A. celebrates . B. celebrated C. is celebrated D. was celebrated
【2011河南】
( ) 32. —I'd like to introduce my best friend to you, Peter.
—Thank you, Lucy. But we _________already.
A. meet B. met C. will meet D. have met
【2011 河南省】
25. —I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered.
—Sorry, I _____ with my friends at that time.
A. swim B. swam C. will swim D, was swimming
【2011 河南省】
33. —Excuse me, where is Mr. Brown's office
—Sorry, I don't know. I_____ here for only a few days.
A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work
【2011黑龙江绥化市】
（）14.—Where is Bob
—He______to Harbin for a meeting.
went B. has been C. has gone
【2011黑龙江绥化市】
（）24. Don't make so much noise. The children_______an English lesson.
A. have B. are having C. were having
【2011江苏徐州】
8. I was very angry with John—he just_______ when I spoke to him.
A. isn’t listening B. hasn’t listened C. didn’t listen D. wasn’t listening
【2011江苏徐州】
13. — Are you going to the bank, Laura
—No, I _______ to the bank already.
A. have been B. have gone C. am going D. had been
【2011内蒙古包头】
( ) 22. Mr. Black is going to marry a girl he _______ in Japan last year.
A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet
（2011四川资阳）
27. So far this year, many new houses ________ in Wenchuan with the help of the government.
A. build B. are built C. will build D. have been built
答案：D
36. My grandmother ______ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.
A．sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen
答案：D
34.The meeting _ by the time I got there yesterday.
A. was on B. has been on C. had begun D. has begun
【2011 广西柳州】
43.—You have found your lost umbrella, haven’t you
—Yes. I _____ it behind the door this afternoon.
A. have found B. will find C. found
****************************************************************
配套练习题及答案
一般现在时与现在进行时专练
( ) 1. Father usually ______ his newspaper after dinner.
A. read B. reads C. reading D. is reading
( ) 2. The Blacks often ______ to the cinema on Saturday evenings.
A. go B. goes C. is going D. are going
( ) 3.Look! The boy ______ with his mother in the pool.
A. is swimming B. is swimming C. are swimming D. are swiming
( ) 4.--- What is Tom doing in the classroom
--- He ______ something on the blackboard.
A. draws B. draw C. is drawing D. are drawing.
( ) 5.Old Tom usually ______ up at six and ______ sports in the garden.
A. gets, dos B. gets, does C. get, does D. gets, do
( ) 6. It’s ten o’clock and Jack ______ still(仍然) ______ his homework.
A. is, do B. is, doing C. are, do D. are, doing
( ) 7. The waiters ______ to work at five every morning.
A. start B. starts C. starting D. are starting
( ) 8.I ______ a letter, so I can’t go out with you.
A. is writing B. am writing C. am writeing D. am writting
( )9.A hundred days _____ quite a long time.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
( )10. --______ late for the meeting next time. –Sorry, I won’t.
A. Don’t B. Don’t be C. Won’t be D. Be not
( )11. My mother _____ noodles, but my father ______.
A. likes, doesn’t B. don’t like, do C. likes, didn’t D. didn’t like, do
( )12. The picture ______ nice.
A. looks B. is looked C. look D. is looking
( )13. The students will go to the Summer Palace if it ______ tomorrow.
A. don’t rain B. doesn’t rain C. won’t rain D. isn’t rain
( )14. We are always ready _______ others.
A. to helping B. to help C. help D. helping
( )15. I often hear her ______ about the boy.
A. talking B. talk C. to talk D. talked
( )16. He’s already a little weak in Chinese, ______ he
A. is B. isn’t C. has D. hasn’t
( )17.Potatoes are ______ in the field by the farmers.
A. grow B. growing C. grown D. grew
( )18. Does she have a watch – Yes, she ______.
A. have B. do C. has D. does
( )19. She _____ English very much now.
A. is liking B. likes C. liked D. is teaching
( )20. She has no paper to _____ . Why not give her some
A. write B. be writing C. write on D. write in
(　 )21. Does Mr Know-all know ______ keys
A. to make B. how to make C. how make D. making
( )22. Does your mother ______ English now
A. teaches B. teach C. taught D. is teaching
( )23. Jack usually ______ mistakes last term. But this term he does better.
A. makes B. made C. does D. did
( )24. The boy is too young, please ______ carefully.
A. look after him B. look him after C. look at him D. look him at
( )25. She ______ you to come to my birthday party.
A. hopes B. wishes C. want D. lets
( )26. --Where is Frank now -- He ______ his bike in the yard.
A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing up D. fixed
( )27. Bob often ______ his mother with the housework on Sundays.
A. help B. helping C. helps D. helped
( )28. The students will go to the Summer Palace if it ______ tomorrow.
A. don’t rain B. doesn’t rain C. won’t rain D. isn’t rain
( )29. If it _____ tomorrow, I will go by car.
A. rain B. will rain C. rains D. would rain
( )30. --What a nice garden! –She ______ it every day.
A. is cleaning B. has cleaned C. cleans D. clean
( )31. --Where is Peter -- He ______ his homework in the room.
A. is doing B. does C. did D. do
( )32. The teacher told us that light ______ much faster than sound.
A. travels B. traveled C. was D. will be
( )33. My mother told us that Taiwan ______ part of China.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
( )34. Do you know bananas _____ in Hainan
A. grows B. is grown C. grew D. are grown
( )35. The clothes ______very soft.
A. are felt B. are feeling C. feel D. feels
( )36. The supermarket is far from Mary’s house. So she _____ only once a week.
A. goes shopping B. has been there C. was shopping D. has gone there
( )37. Don’t make so much noise. We _____ to the music.
A. are listening B. listen C. listened D. have listened
( )38. I’ll go swimming with you if I _____ free tomorrow.
A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was
( )39. – Oh, Mrs. King, your sweater looks nice. Is it _____ wool
-- Yes, and it’s _____ Inner Mongolia.
A. made of, made by B. made of, made in
C. made by, made for D. made by, made from
**********************************************************结束
一般将来时专练
( )1. Her hope _______ the 2008 Olympic Games.
A. to take part in B. is to take part in C. taking part in D. will take part in
( )2. --- Can I go to Beijing for my holiday, Dad --- You can when you _______ a bit older.
A. will get B. get C. are getting D. got
( )3. If he _______harder, he will catch up with us soon.
A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied
( )4. --- Don’t forget to ask him to write to me.
--- I won’t. As soon as he _______, I’ll ask him to write to you.
A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming
( )5. --- Jimmy is leaving for a holiday.
--- Really Where _______ he _______
A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. would; go
( )6. Frank _______ to see his grandma if he _______ free tomorrow.
A. will come; will be B. comes; is
C. will come; is D. comes; will be
( )7. There _______ a talk on science in our school next Monday.
A. will give B. will be C. is going to give D. is
( )8. --- Shall we go shopping now
--- Sorry, I can’t. I _______ my shirts.
A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing
( )9. I believe that those mountains _______ with trees in a few years’ time.
A. are covered B. will be covered C. are covering D. will cover
( )10. It is said that about 400 cars _______ in the factory next month.
A. were produced B. will produce C. are produced D. will be produced
( )11. --- Are you free this afternoon
--- No. I’ll have an English composition _______ this afternoon.
A. to write B. wrote C. to be writing D. to be written
( )12. --- Come back home every month.
--- I _______.
A. will B. must C. should D. can
( )13. A robot _______ think of itself; it _______ be told what to do.
A. can’t; must B. couldn’t; can C. may not; will D. mustn’t, may
********************************************************结束
一般过去时专练
( )1. The mother asked the boy _______ down the ladder, but he went on _______ instead.
A. come; climbing B. to come; to climb
C. to come; climbing D. coming; climbing
( )2. The teacher asked the students to close the windows _______ the wind from _______ the papers away.
A. to stop; blowing B. stopping; blowing
C. to stop; blow D. stopped; blow
( )3. The sick man stayed in bed, _______ very terrible.
A. felt B. feeling C. is feeling D. was feeling
( )4. Yesterday I heard a story _______ by my friend.
A. told B. telling C. to tell D. tell
( )5. The boy was made _______ there for an hour by his father.
A. standing B. stand C. to stand D. stands
( )6. I saw him _______ into the small store.
A. went B. going C. to go D. has gone
( )7. He raised his voice to make everybody in the room ______ him clearly.
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
( )8. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth _______ around the sun.
A. was moving B. moved C. has moved D. moves
( )9. Oh, it’s you. I’m sorry I _______ know you _______ here.
A. don’t; are B. didn’t; are C. didn’t; were D. don’t; were
( )10. Mr LuXun died in 1936. He _______ a lot of famous novels.
A. wrote B. was writing C. has written D. would write
( )11. --- How was your weekend on the farm
--- Great! We _______ with the farmers.
A. enjoy ourselves B. went fishing C. will work D. make friends
( )12. --- What did Mr Jones do before he moved here
--- He _______ a city bus for over twenty-five years.
A. is driving B. drove C. has driven D. drives
( )13. Jane _______ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai.
A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy
( )14. --- Liu Mei can’t come tonight.
--- Why But she _______ me she would come.
A. tells B. told C. is told D. had told
( )15. He turned off the light and then _______.
A. leaves B. has left C. will leave D. left
********************************************************结束
完成时专练
( )1. How long have you _______ here
A. come B. got C. arrived D. been
( )2. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my2 B. for2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.
( )3. I have ______ the car for a year.
A. bought B. sold C. had D. buy
( )4. China has ________ the host for the 2008 Olympic Games since July 13, 2001
A. become B. been C. became D. turned
( )5. ______ the supermarket _____ for long ----No. It ____ half a year ago.
Has… opened / was open B. Is …opened/ was…opened
C. Has… been open /opened D. was…opened/ was…opened
( )6. I’m sorry to hear that the girl ______ home for 2 days.
A. left B. is away from C. has left D. has been away from
( )7. They have ______ the League.
A. joined B. been C. joined in D. take part in
( )8. ---Where are the Greeks ----They ________ for a few minutes.
A. have gone B. have been here C. have been away D. have disappeared
( )9. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been B. gone C. went D. never been
( )10. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.
A. after B. since C. for D. that
( )11.---Who will go to the station to meet Lorry ---I will. I _____ her several times.
A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet
( )12. It’s 7:00. I can’t believe you ________ to school yet, Tony.
A. have gone B. haven’t gone C. don’t go D. did go
( )13. ---What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it ---Just 2 weeks.
A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had
( )14.---Do you know Lydia very well
---Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned
( )15. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.
A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
( )16. ---Hello, this is Mr Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr Black
--- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to
( )17. ---How long have you _____ --- Since 1990.
bought the MP4 B. joined the Party
C. become a midfield player D. lived in the town
( )18. ---Where is Allen --- He ____ America on business. He ___ back in 2 weeks.
A. has gone to, comes B. has been to, will be
C. has gone to, will be D. has been to, will come
( )19. His grandma _______ for a year.
A. died B. has been dead C. has been death D. was died
( )20. What ________ with the clothes
A. has been done B. has done C. have done D. have been done
( )21. ---Nancy, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening
--- No, I won’t. I _____ it already.
A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see
( )22. ----____ you ever ____ to the US --- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going
( )23. Look! What a clean room! Who ______ it
A. has tidied B. is tidying C. will tidy D. tidied
( )24. The EXPO(世博园) ________hundreds of millions of visitors since it opened.
A. attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract
( )25. ----How is your grandma I _____her for long. ----She’s fine, but busy.
A. missed B. have met C. haven’t seen D. didn’t see
( )26. ---What are you going to do this weekend --- I ____ yet.
A. haven’t decided B. didn’t decide C. have decided D. didn’t decide
( )27. ---- _____ you ______ your lunch --- Yes. I _______ it at 1:00 pm.
A. Did, have B. Have, had C. Are, having D. were, having
( )28. Everyone _______ the Great Wall before.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. have been to
( )29. We have lived here ________ 5 years ago.
A. for B. since C. in D. before
( )30. ---Where have you _______ these days
--- I have _____ to Dalian with my family.
A. been, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. gone, gone
中考链接
( )31. How long have you _____ this book （哈尔滨）
A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent
（ ）32. ---- Where’s Peter --- He ______ to Nanjing. （沈阳）
A. is going B. has been C. has gone D. went
( ) 33. You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, ________
A. haven’t you B. have you C. do you D. don’t you
( )34. ---I have watched the game. ---When _____ you _____ it
A. have, watched B. do, watch C. did, watch D. will, watch
( )35.The old ________ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week.
A. don’t feel B. hasn’t felt C. haven’t felt D. didn’t feel
( )36.His sister ______ her hometown for three years. She’ll return next year.
A. left B. has left C. has been away D. has been away from
( )37.I ______ to Canada twice. It’s so beautiful.
A. won’t go B. have gone C. don’t go D. have been
( )38. Peter says that the whites are on holiday, but no one knows _______.
A. where they have been B. they went where
C. where are they from D. where they have gone
( )39. --- How long have you -______ the book --- For several weeks
A. bought B. borrowed C. lent D. kept
( )40 . ---Has the match started --- Started Finished! Guo Yue ______.
A. is winning B. wins C. will win D. has won
**********************************************************结束
时态综合训练
I、选择填空
（ ）1. It ______ 3 years since he left us.
A. is B. has been C. was D. were
( ) 2. 15 years ________ since I became a teacher.
A. passed B. has past C. have passed D. has passed
( )3. They told us that they ________ three hundred trees by the time the workers got there.
A. have planted B. planted C. had planted D. were planting
( )4. My daughter won’t go to sleep until I _______ back.
A. go B. goes C. have gone D. will go
( )5. Kitty ________ games while I was cooking.
A. plays B. was playing C. make D. does
( )6. What ______ they doing then on the hill
A. are B. were C. is D. was
( )7. He ________ his homework this time yesterday.
A． does B. was doing C. is doing D. is
( )8.The letter _______ a week ago and it______ yesterday.
A. posted; arrived B. was posted; arrived
C. is posted; arrived D. has posted; has arrived
( )9.They ________ friends since they met in Shanghai.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned
( )10. The workers __________ many toys in the factory last year.
A. invent B. invented C. invention D. inventing
( )11. Neither you nor he ________ New York city.
A. has gone to B. have gone to C. have been to D. has been to
( )12. By ten o’clock yesterday they _______ at the airport.
A. had arrived B. have arrived C. shall arrive D. arrive
( )13. I got up very late this morning. There _______ no time to have breakfast.
A. had B. has C. was D. is
( )14. So far we ________ the moon.
A. gets to B. arrived C. have reached D. have arrived
( )15. I _______ for them at the school gate ______ it began to rain.
A. didn’t wait, until B. didn’t wait, when
C. waited, until D. waited, because
( )16. He said a new school _________ in two weeks.
A. will be built B. would be built C. had built D. was being built
( )17. Two-thirds of the work __________ by the computer last week.
A. are done B. is done C. were done D. was done
( )18. He ________ his bag in the library this morning.
A. forgot B. lost C. had left D. left
( )19. My brother ______ while he _______ his bicycle and hurt himself.
A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding
C. had fallen, rode D. had fallen, was riding
( )20. “ Did you catch the bus ” “No, when I ______ there, the bus ________.”
A. gets, has left B. got, left C. got, had left D. had got, left
( )21. --- She hasn’t washed the car, has she
--- No, she hasn’t. But she said she ______ it after supper.
A. had washed B. washes C. will wash D. was going to wash
( )22. --- _____ will you finish writing the article
--- In two days.
A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How fast
( )23. Someone _____ at he door when she was cooking in the kitchen.
A. had knocked B. has knocked C. knocked D. was knocking
( )24. ---- Where is Teddy now --- He ____ his bike in the yard.
A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing D. fixed
( )25. Noddy ________ a film if he’s free next Sunday.
A. see B. saw C. has seen D. will see
( )26. The photo ________ nice.
A. looks B. is looked C. look D. is looking
( )27. Great changes ______ in Shenyang during the past ten years.
A. have happened B. have been happened
C. happened D. was happened
( )28. The film _________ for five minutes.
A. has been B. has been on C. began D. has begun
( )29. Hurry! We _____ the train.
A. will miss B. miss C. missed D. have missed
( )30. Unless it ________tomorrow, I’ll go on foot.
A. doesn’t rain B. rains C. will rain D. won’t rain
( )31. _____ Mr White ___ the doctor the day before yesterday
A. Does, see B. Has, seen C. Will, see D. Did, see
( )32. I’ll visit my teacher when she ________.
A. will return B. return C. returns D. returned
( )33. ---What were they talking about when you ______ them
--- About Yao Ming.
A. see B. had seen C. saw D. were seeing
( )34.One of my classmates___ for England this Friday.Shall we go to see her off at the airport
A. are leaving B. is left C. is leaving D. goes
( )35. Be quiet! Your father ________.
A. sleeps B. sleeping C. is thinking D. was working.
( )36. Everyone except Tom and Johnny ____ there when the meeting began.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
( )37. What does the sentence “ Don’t trouble trouble till trouble _____ you.” mean
A. trouble B. troubles C. will trouble D. troubled
( )38. ---I hear your father ____ to Japan once.
---Yes, he_______ there last year.
A. went, has been B. has gone, went
C. has been, went D. had gone, has been
( )39. ---Could you go to buy some salt for me
---Sorry, mum. I ____ my homework.
A. am doing B. do C. will finish D. have finished
( )40. --- What ______ under the bed, Tim
--- Oh, Where ‘s my other sock, dad
A. do you do B. are you doing C. have you done D. did you do
II 用适当的动词形式填空。
She kept the radio when she ______(do) homework.
–She was reading newspapers.
--What __you ___(do)
3 Lao Wang told the policeman that he _____(listen) to the radio at that time.
4. I ______(use)to be a teacher but now ______(be) a manager.
While I ______(run)along. A dog suddenly ______(run) across the road.
Last night my father _____(read) a book while my mother ______(sew).
What _____you _____ (do) the whole Sunday I ______(go)over my lessons.
When I _____ (get)home, the telephone bell _____(ring)
It was Sunday and we _________ (sit) at the table when father suddenly _________(smile) and ___________(say) to us, “ Oh, dear me, I forgot __________(tell) you the good news. There is a letter from Granny. She ___________(come) to see us this afternoon. I ________(meet) her at the station, “ with these words he went out.
How happy we _________(be)! We ___________(not see ) Granny for half a year and ____________(miss) her very much. After lunch my mother and I ___________(go) shopping. We ___________(buy) a lot of food that Granny liked. My sister __________(clean) the house. It ___________(be) four o’clock when we ____________(finish) and we ___________(sit) around the table, ____________(wait) for Granny. At last the door __________(open) and in came my father, alone. “Where _________(be) Granny “ We ___________(ask). Father _________(laugh) and ___________(say), “ April Fools !” “ Today ___________(be) April 1st. April Fool’s Day.”
*********************************************************结束学生姓名：陆/鲁 年级：初二 任教学科：英语 教学次数：3/4 教学时间：2014/02/13 13:00-15:00
指导教师：江洪 教学模式：小班 教学地点：滨湖区万达 新区宝龙 胡埭校区
上次课程学生存在的问题：动词的时态和语态还存在一些问题，有待提高。
学生问题的解决方案：复习与学习新知识相结合，逐步提高。
(一) 知识概要
动词在语言中是必不可少的一部分。它的语法现象也较多，但在初中范围主要有以下几方面问题。① 时态：初中范围主要有一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，过去完成时，将来时与过去将来时六种时态。② 语态：主动语态与被动语态。③ 助动词和情态动词。④ 非谓语动词，也就是不定式，动名词及现在分词的用法。?时态主要掌握以下几种时态的应用要点和习惯用法。
?1? 一般现在时：主要有以下三方面，① 用来表示状态，特征或不受时间限制的客观存在和真理。如：Matter exists in three states物质有三态。又如：The earth moves around the sun? ?② 表示习惯性和经常发生的动作，如：I often go to bed at 9∶３０? ③ 在时间、条件等状语从句中表示将来要发生的动作，如：As soon as I get there I'll telephone you.
?2? 一般过去时：①　主要用于表达过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，如：I was ill last week? ② 过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作，如：I used to get up at six.
? 3? 一般将来时：用于表示将要发生的动作，其构成方式① 用ｗill (shall)+动词原形来表达将来在某一时间内要发生，或经常、将要发生的动作或状态，如：School will begin on September 1st? ② 用be going to+动词原形，用来表示不久将要发生或打算去作的动作。如：?I'm? going to swim this afternoon? ③ be+现在分词，也就是用某些动词的现在进行时表示将来，如：?I'm? coming。这些动词只限于：go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, get to等动词。④ 在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
?4? 现在进行时：用于表示现在正在进行的动作，如：What are you doing now 要注意的是表示状态，情感的某些词没有现在进行时，这些动词有：like, have (有)，love, know, understand, remember, forget, see, hear, smell, taste, feel, wish hope, expect…
?5? 过去将来时：用来表达从过去某时间点上看将要发生的动作，如： He told me he would come to my party?
?6? 现在完成时与过去完成时：现在完成时的两个用处是：①　用来表达在过去开始的动作持续到现在，如：I've studied English for two years? ② 用来表达过去发生的事但它影响到现在，如：I haven't had my breakfast. so I'm hungry now? 现在完成时与过去完成时的区别在于动作的截止时间，现在完成时所表达的动作截止于现在，而过去完成时所表达的动作截止于过去。如：I haven't seen my old teacher for a long time? 我好久未见到我过去的老师了。是指到目前截止。如果加上一句话，则将变为过去完成时，如：Yesterday I saw my old teacher. I hadn't seen him for a long time. 因为我好久未见他这一情况截止于昨天。还要注意的一个问题是截止性动词可以有完成时，但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：When I got to school, the class had begun? 如果一定要讲开始几分钟了则要换用表示状态，或延续性动词，如：When I got to school, the class had been on for five minutes??语态：英语中只有主动语态与被动语态之分。主动语态，句子中的主语是动作的执行者，如：I broke the window? 而被动语态句子中的主语是主动语态句子中的宾语，如：The window was broken by me? 被动语态主要用于，动作的执行者不明确，或没有必要说出来，如：The New building was built last week? 关键要注意的是在主动语态中有省略不定式符号to的动词，在被动语态要还原，如： 主动语态 I saw him come in. 被动语态 He was seen to come in. ?助动词和情态动词：助动词本身没有词义，它只不过与实义动词一起构成谓语动词，形成了时态、语态、构成了疑问句，否定句，以及用来加强语气。而情态动词则表达一种可能、必要、允许、愿望、猜测……的意图、倾向。也用来表示语气的委婉和祝愿。初中阶段主要有：can, could, may, might, will, would, must (have to), shall, should。?最后要谈论的是非谓语动词，非谓语动词分为不定式，和动词的ing形式，(即现在分词和动名词)。虽然在初中范围，这一项不是语法重点，但还是要花一定时间去学习，为的是打下良好的基础。为进一步学习提供良好的条件。不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。如：To see is to believe.(百闻不如一见) He want to see a film? 还可以作补足语，如：He wants me to leave.也可以作状语，如：I come here to learn English.?动名词也可以起到上述作用，如：Seeing is believing. I like swimming very much. 而现在分词多用于作定语、补足语、状语，如： The girl driving a car is her sister.(定语) Did you notice his hand shaking (宾语补足语)
Hearing the noise, we stopped talking.(状语)
.
? ［析］ 考试中常出现的是易混动词lay放，lie躺，lie说谎。它们的过去时、过去分词和现在分词变化如下：
? lay (放) laid， laid， laying (及物动词)
? lie (躺) lay， lain， lying (不及物动词)
? lie (说谎) lied， lied， lying
? ［误］ Please rise your hand.
? ［正］ Please raise your hand.
? ［析］ rise 是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，如：The sun rises in the east.而raise是及物动词。
? ［误］ I like to swim very much, but I don't like swimming this afternoon.
? ［正］ I like swimming very much, but I don't like to swim this afternoon.
? ［析］ like作为"喜欢"讲时，可以接动名词也可以接不定式，但接动名词时多表达一种习惯性动作。而接不定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性的动作。? 但要注意的是like 与would连用时则一定要接不定式，如：Would you like to go with me ? 再有一点要注意的是，like作为介词"像"讲时，只能用分词作其宾语。
? ［误］ Stop! Did you listen to a strange voice
? ［正］ Stop! Did you hear a strange voice
? ［析］ hear的侧重点是听到、听见什么，而listen to 的侧重点为听的倾向，如：listen! Do you hear someone calling help 这样的词还有look与see。它们的侧重点也不同，look重于"看"的倾向，而see重于看见没看见。
? ［误］ Did you watch some film recently
? ［正］ Did you see some film recently
? ［析］ 英语中see 与 watch 各有不同的用处，see用于看电影、剧目，而watch用作看电视和看球赛。
? ［误］ Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling.
? ［正］ Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling.
? ［析］ hang有两个含义，① "挂"，它的过去时与过去分词是hung， hung;② "绞刑"，这时它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词则为hanged， hanged。
? ［误］ How long can I borrow this book
? ［正］ How long can I keep this book
? ［析］ "借"在英文中有三个词，① 借入，即borrow,如：May I borrow some books from the library ② 借出，如：I can lend my bike to you.③ 借多久要用keep, 因为borrow与lend都是截止性动词，而keep是延续性动词。如 How long can I keep it
? ［误］ We have won your class.
? ［正］ We have beaten your class.
? ［析］ win是及物动词，其后面的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金。而beat的宾语，应是人、队、班级等等，如：We won the game.
? ［误］ I left my key.
? ［正］ I forgot my key.
? ［正］ I left my key at home.
? ［析］ leave是"丢下"，其后一定要接地点状语，而forget其后不要接地点状语。
? ［误］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you.
? ［正］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please take this rain coat with you.
? ［析］ bring为"带来"如：Next time bring your little sister here.而take为"带走"，fetch为"去某处取什么回来"，如：Please fetch some coffee for us?? 要熟记的是在初中课文中与take有关的词组，如：? take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 取下?take off 脱下 take…out 拿出 take place 发生? take hold of 拿住 take part in 参加 take a seat 坐下?take one's place 替代 take a look 看看 take one's turn 轮流? take a message 捎信 take care of 照看 take it easy 别着急?take one's time 慢慢来 take one's temperature 测量体温
? ［误］ The policeman reached his gun.
? ［正］ The policeman reached for his gun.
? ［析］ reach作"到达"讲时是及物动词，如：I reached the hotel at 8∶30?但作"伸手去拿"，则要用reach for something。作为"到达"讲时还有arrive (in+大地方)(at＋较小的地方)和get to.要注意的是与get有关的词组有：? get back 回来 get in 收割 get into 进入 get off 下车? get on 上车 get out 出去 get up 起床 get to 到达? get ready for=be ready for ? get on well with 与人相处融洽? get 加比较级为变得如何，例如：? get colder and colder.
? ［误］ This dictionary spent me five dollars.
? ［正］ This dictionary cost me five dollars.
? ［析］ 英文中的"花费"有4个spend, cost, take 和 pay,其中spend 与pay所在句中的主语应为人，如：I spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid five dollars for the book.而cost与take的主语则是事物，如：It takes me two years to finish this book.
? ［误］ In summer I always sleep with the windows opened.
? ［正］ In summer I always sleep with the windows open.
? ［正］ I always sleep with the windows closed.
? ［析］ 要注意open是动词也是形容词，而close则要用其过去分词作形容词。?
［误］ Please wait a minute. I'm having on my clothes.
? ［正］ Please wait a minute. I'm putting on my clothes.
? ［析］ 英语中的穿衣服要分状态，是什么样的穿着打扮，还是穿衣服的动作两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有have on, wear,在用法上have on不宜用进行时态，它多用一般时态，如：She has on a new school dress. 而wear则多用进行时来表示状态，如：She is wearing a new sweater.在表示动作的词中put on是常用的一词。dress用作动词当"穿衣"讲时其后宾语不应接衣物，而要接人，如：My children were very young they couldn't dress themselves.在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容词，如：He is dressed in white.
? ［误］ My computer can't begin. Could you find someone to help me
? ［正］ My computer can't start. Could you find someone to help me
? ［析］ begin与start均可指"开始"，而且常常可以互换，如：School begins (starts) at 8 a. m. 但是在两种情况下不宜用begin 而要用start, ① 当作机器开动、发动讲，如：My car can't start. There must be something wrong with it.② 作为"旅途开始"讲，如：We should have to start early. There was a lot of traffic on the road.
? ［误］ I'm very glad because I have founded my lost key.
? ［正］ I'm very glad because I have found my lost key.
? ［析］ find是不规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是found, found，而found又是另外一词"建立"，它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词是founded founded, 如：The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
? ［误］ Please. Let's speak in English.
? ［正］ Please. Let's speak English.
? ［正］ Please. Let's talk in English.
? ［误］ Can you speak it English
? ［正］ Can you say it in English
? ［析］ 英文中"说"有4个常用词say, tell, speak, talk.其中不及物动词有speak和talk，如：I want to talk with you.We are talking about the new film.而speak其后接语言时是及物动词，其他情况是不及物动词。say 与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用双宾语，如：Tell us a story.但用于讲实话或谎话时也用单宾语。如： Tell the truth.
? ［误］ Can you say Japanese from Chinese
? ［正］ Can you tell Japanese from Chinese
? ［析］ tell…from为固定词组，即分辨两者的不同。
? ［误］ Excuse me, did I step on your foot
? ［正］ Oh, sorry, did I step on your foot
? ［析］ excuse me用于未打扰对方前，以提醒对方注意的用语，而sorry则是由于自己已做的事向对方道歉。
? ［误］ Would you care for to swim with us
? ［正］ Would you care to swim with us
? ［析］ care for 后接不定式时，要省略for,或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea. care for 作"照顾"讲时与look after相同。在初中阶段学习与for有关的词组有：
? ask for 请求 call for 接人，请人 care for 关心?
go in for 从事 answer for 负责 look for 寻找
?wait for 等待 send for 请人 pay for 付款?
search for 寻找 leave for 去某地 prepare for 准备?
thank somebody for something 为某事向某人道谢。
? ［误］ Are you understanding it Yes, I got to it.
? ［正］ Do you understand it Yes, I got it.
? ［析］ understand这一词没有进行时态，如同感观动词love、hate… I got it 是美语，即I understood it。要记住get 作为"到达"讲时是不及物动词，如：I'll get to the school at 8 a. m.? 初中范围常用与to有关的动词词组如下：? belong to 属于 come to 苏醒 point to (at) 指着?get to 到达 refer to 谈到 stick to 坚持?lead to 导致 turn to 翻到 look forward to 期望?agree to 同意
? ［误］ The meat has gone badly.
? ［正］ The meat has gone bad.
? ［析］ 英语中go, get, become, turn作为转变时，其后接形容词，这时这些动词应被看作系动词。
? ［误］ The teacher said the earth moved around the sun.
? ［正］ The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.
? ［析］ 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，其宾语从句可以是任何时态。如果是过去时，则宾语从句中的时态应与之呼应。但地球围绕太阳转是不随时间而变化的客观事实，所以还应用一般现在时态来表达。
? ［误］ I'll come to see you as soon as I'll be back.
? ［正］ I'll come to see you as soon as I am back.
? ［析］ 在状语从句中要用一般时来表示将来，如：I should tell him when he came back.
? ［误］ I want to know whether you come to my party tomorrow or not.
? ［正］ I want to know whether you will come to my party tomorrow or not.
? ［析］ 在宾语从句中则要用将来时表示将来的动作。要注意的是如果宾语从句中仍有状语从句时，依然要用一般现在时表示将来，如：I want to know if it rains tomorrow you'll come here or not.
? ［误］ What did you do at eight last night
? ［正］ What were you doing at eight last night
? ［析］ 在描述过去某一具体时刻的动作或从某时到某时一段时间内正在进行的动作要用过去进行时，如：I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday?
? ［误］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them, because I have seen it before.
? ［正］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them because I had seen it before.
? ［析］ 现在完成时与过去完成时的相同之处是其动作均开始于过去的某一点，它的差别在于该动作是截止到什么时候。如动作截止到现在用现在完成时；如动作截止到过去，用过去完成时。例如：I've learnt English for three years.(到现在为止)又如：Before I went to college, I had learnt English for three years. (动作截止到上大学那时，即截止于过去)
? ［误］ I'm feeling well now.
? ［正］ I feel well now.
? ［析］ 瞬间动词有些无进行时态，它们是：?表示思维状态的词：believe, feel, forget, imagine, know, mean, need, prefer, remember, understand, want? 表示感情的动词：care, like, do like, love, mind, hate, fear? 表示状态的词：belong, own? 感观动词： feel, hear, see， smell, taste
? ［误］ When have you done this work
? ［正］ When did you do this work
? ［析］ when提问的是一个时间点不可用于完成时态的问句中。
? ［误］ This is our new English teacher. He has gone to many foreign countries.
? ［正］ This is our new English teacher. He has been to many foreign countries.
? ［析］ have gone to 是到某地去了，此人现在不在这里。have been to 是到过某地，现在此人在说话现场。
? ［误］ I have borrowed this book for two weeks.
? ［正］ I have kept this book for two weeks.
? ［析］ 截止性动词有完成时态，但不可和与表达一段时间的时间状语连用。如：When I got to the cinema the film had begun.? 但要讲When I got to the cinema the film had be on for five minutes 这样的用法还有buy, join, die, 如：I bought this book yesterday.我昨天买的这本书。? I have had this book for two days. 这本书我已买了两天了。
? I joined the club two years ago.两年前我加入了这个俱乐部。
? I have been in this club for two years. 我加入这个俱乐部已两年了。
? My father died five years ago. 我父亲是5年前去世的。
? My father has been dead for five years. 我父亲已去世5年了。
? ［误］ Have you understood the lessons
? ［正］ Do you understand the lessons
? ［析］ 有些动词不易用完成时态，它们是understand, think, believe, know (知道)
［误］ It was said that the Second World War was broken out in 1939.
? ［正］ It was said that the Second World War had broken out in 1939.
? ? ［析］ 在讲述过去的历史事件时，总要用过去时而不要用完成时，而且happen, break out, take place作为发生讲时均没有被动语态。
? ［误］ When I walked along the street. I happened to meet an old friend.
? ［正］ When I was walking along the street I happened to meet an old friend.
? ［析］ 在一个长动作发生或进行的过程中，某一突然事件发生，这时长动作应用进行时(现在进行时或过去进行时)，而突发性动作用一般时(一般现在时或一般过去时)，如：When my father is reading a newspaper the telephone rings.
? ［误］ He was seen come into the book store.
? ［正］ He was seen to come into the book store.
? ［析］ 在主动语态中，有时可以加不带to的不定式作宾语，如：I saw him come into the book store.但如果变为被动语态时，则要将省略的to还原。当然这些动词还可以加动名词作宾语，如： I saw him coming into the book store, 如变为被动语态时，则没有变化。如：He was seen coming into the book store.
? ［误］ How nice the book is! Is it sold well
? ［正］ How nice the book is! Does it sell well
? ［析］ 有些动词可以表示一种动作，但也可以用来表示某种性质，表示动作时可用被动语态，在表示性质时则不可用被动语态。如：
? This book sells well. 这本书畅销。
? This car drives easily. 这车容易驾驶。
? These clothes wash easily. 这些衣服好洗。
? 在作上述表达时，不要用被动语态。而要讲：
? This kind of book was sold out. (这种书卖完了)
? These clothes were washed by the washing machine. 这时要用被动语态，因为它描述的是具体动作。
? ［误］ Must I do it now No. you mustn't.
? ［正］ Must I do it now No, you needn't.
? ［析］ need用在疑问句和否定句中常用作情态动词，其后接不带to的不定式。由must提问的问句作答语时，如是肯定的要用must,否定的要用needn't，即为没有必要。在肯定句中常用作实意动词，如：I need to wait for my boy.
? ［误］ Is this book yours Yes, It's.
? ［正］ Is this book yours Yes, It is.
? ［析］ 在肯定的回答中不要用缩写形式，而在否定的回答中可以用缩写形式，如：No. It isn't.
? ［误］ I'll have my bike repair tomorrow.
? ［正］ I'll have my bike repaired tomorrow.
? ［析］ have+人+动词原形或现在分词意为：让某人作某事，如：My father had me to learn how to drive， 或My father had me doing my homework from morning till might?? have+物+动词的过去分词为某件事被别人完成。如：I have my hair cut.我去理发。而不是自己理发。如果讲我想自己作某事，则用I want to repair my bike myself.
? ［误］ I'll get my brother repair the bike for you.
? ［正］ I'll get my brother to repair the bike for you.
? ［析］ have与get的用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。相同之处，如：have something done, 也可用get something done, 或have (get) somebody doing something但不同之处在于have somebody do something 在用get时则要用get somebody to do something。
? ［误］ I have to study on Saturday but I haven't to study a full day?
? ［正］ I have to study on Saturday， but I don't have to study a full day.
? ［析］ have to 不得不，而don't have to 为其否定式。
? ［误］ Is Tom in the classroom No. He mustn't be in the classroom, because I saw him talking with our teacher in the office just now.
? ［正］ Is Tom in the classroom No. He can't be in the classroom because I saw him talking with our teacher in the office just now.
? ［析］ must 加动词原形表达一种比较肯定的推测，而表示否定的推测则要用can't。
? ［误］ My grandpa is over eighty but he is able to read without glasses.
? ［正］ My grandpa is over eighty， but he can read without glasses.
? ［析］ can (could) 多用于表达客观的事实，主观能力，而be able to 则多用于表达主观的意愿。
? ［误］ She doesn't answer the doorbell. She should be asleep.
? ［正］ She doesn't answer the doorbell. She must be asleep?
? ［析］ should 用于现在时态的句子中应译为"应该"，如：You should do your homework right away. 而 must加动词原形表示一种推测。
? ［误］ Do you like to go with us
? ［正］ Would you like to go with us
? ［析］ Do you like…问的是习惯，如：Do you like swimming 而would you like是一次性的邀请。
? ［误］ I am used to get up early in the morning.
? ［正］ I am used to getting up early in the morning.
? ［析］ used to 共有三种用法，① 表示过去的习惯，如：I used to live with my parents. ?② 表示?过去的习惯延续到现在，如：I am used to swimming in the river. ③ 用于被动语态，如：　?Oil is? used to cook?
? ［误］ To play with the children are very interesting.
? ［正］ To play with the children is very interesting.
? ［析］ 不定式作主语时，应视为单数主语，特别是两个不定式用and作连词作主语时，如指的是一件事也应用单数谓语动词。如：To get up early and to go to sleep early is good for your health.
? ［误］ He asked me do my homework alone.
? ［正］ He asked me to do my homework alone.
? ［析］ 某些动词要求不定式作其宾语或宾语补足语，它们是：ask somebody to do something 要求某人做某事。 tell somebody to do something 告诉某人做某事 还有prepare 准备， decide 决定， happen to 碰巧， seem 似乎。
? ［误］ he told me to drive a car.
? ［正］ He told me how to drive a car.
? ［析］ 要学会疑问词加不定式的用法，特别要注意的是what是疑问代词，而how是疑问副词。如：I want to know what to do. (我想知道干什么)。 I want to know how to do it. (我想知道如何去作)。 要注意的是how to do it 中的it是不可少的，因how是疑问副词，不能作及物动词的宾语，而what是疑问代词，可做do的宾语，所以what to do 后不要加it。
? ［误］ I am very glad meeting you.
? ［正］ I am very glad to meet you.
? ［析］ 许多形容词后加不定式，这样用时形容词多是用来描述人物的感情、态度，如：glad, happy, pleased, lucky, sorry, sad, upset, ready, careful, surprised。
? ［误］ I'm too glad for seeing you.
? ［正］ I'm too glad to see you.
? ［析］ 这句话不能按照too…to的句型翻译为：我太高兴了以至于不想见你。而应译为：见到你太高兴了。又如：She is too honest to tell the truth? 应译为：她很诚实，不会不讲实话。
? ［误］ Tom is too young not to join the army.
? ［正］ Tom is too young to join the army.
? ［析］ 这是too…to的正常用法，太如何如何以至于不能如何。
? ［误］ I went to the hospital for seeing my old friend. He was ill in hospital.
? ［正］ I went to the hospital to see my old friend. He was ill in hospital.
? ［析］ 在句中表示某动作的目的时，要用不定式而不能用for加动名词。
? ［误］ Could you help me to find a chair to sit.
? ［正］ Could you help me to find a chair to sit on.
? ［析］ 当不定式作后置定语时，将不定式放于名词之后。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则其后面的介词不要省略。如：I sat on the chair. 这样的用法还有：I want to find a room to live in. I want to find a pen to write with.
? ［误］ When mother was about leaving the baby cried suddenly.
? ［正］ When mother was about to leave the baby cried suddenly.
? ［析］ be about to 是表达较近的即将发生的动作，可用来表示将来时，或按计划、安排的事。
? ［误］ This work is difficult to be done.
? ［正］ This work is difficult to do.
? ［析］ 在不定式作宾语时，下列情况常用主动语态表示被动。① 句子的主语即是不定式动作的执行者，如：I have a lot of letters to write. ② 句中的宾语是不定式中动作的执行者，如：Could you find me a job to do ③ 在形容词之后的不定式，如：English is difficult to learn.
? ［误］ Would you like to see a film with us Yes, I'd love.
? ［正］ Would you like to see a film with us Yes, I'd love to.
? ［析］ 在口语简答语中要将不定式符号保留，如：? I had to (不得不作) I'm going to (打算作) I used to (过去习惯作)? I'd love to (喜欢作) I hope to (希望作某事) I'll be glad to (高兴作)
? ［误］ Did you see someone to do this work for me
? ［正］ Did you see someone do this work for me
? ［析］ 在感观动词之后常接不带to的不定式。这些词是see, look at, watch, hear, listen to, feel, notice。
? ［误］ He was seen prepare this car.
? ［正］ He was seen to prepare this car.
? ［析］ 在被动语态中要将主动语态句中省去的不定式还原回来。
? ［误］ Please? Let my child to try it again.
? ［正］ Please? Let my child try it again.
? ［析］ 在make, have, let后加不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
? ［误］ Why not to do it again
? ［正］ Why not do it again
? ［析］ Why not, you'd better 后接不带to的不定式，如：You'd better go.但要注意的是它的否定式是You'd better not go.
? ［误］ When he heard the news he couldn't help to cry.
? ［正］ When he heard the news he couldn't help crying.
? ［析］ can't help+现在分词表示情不自禁作某事。
? ［误］ In autumn, the street is always covered with falling leaves.
? ［正］ In autumn, the street is always covered with fallen leaves.
? ［析］ 现在分词作定语有正在的含义，如：falling leave 正下落的叶子。而过去分词作定语fallen leaves是落地的叶子。过去分词含有已经完成的意思。
? ［误］ Do you hear someone sing in the office
? ［正］ Do you hear someone singing in the office
? ［析］ 感观动词可用不带to的不定式来作宾语补足语，表达一个动作的全过程或已结束的动作，而用现在分词表示一个正在进行中的动作。
? ［误］ I want to shop some food for supper.
? ［正］ I want to buy some food for supper.
? ［正］ I want to go shopping.
? ［析］ shop作买东西讲时，要用go shopping,其后不要加所购买的东西。这样的用法还有：? go boating 划船 go sailing 航海 go skating 滑冰?go shooting 射击 go dancing 去跳舞 go fishing 钓鱼?go swimming 去游泳…… 不要用错，也不要改为其他式，因为这是习惯用法。
? ［误］ When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped to talk.
? ［正］ When the teacher came into the classroom. the students stopped talking.
? ［析］ stop to do something 是停下来去做某事，而stop doing something 则是停止做某事。
? ［误］ I didn't remember closing the door, so the thief came into the room directly.
? ［正］ I didn't remember to close the door, so the thief came into the room directly.
? ［析］ remember后接不定式是记着去做某事，即该动作并没有完成。而remember 后接动名词则表明该动作已经作完了。如： Do remember to turn off the light, before you leave. 即在你离开前记着去关灯。而关灯的动作并没有做。I remember meeting you somewhere. 我记得在某处见过你。而相见一事已经作完了。相同用法还有forget。
? ［误］ When I finished to do this work I would go to play football.
? ［正］ When I finished doing this work I would go to play football.
? ［析］ 在英语中有些动词后要接动名词作宾语。在初中范围主要有两个动词finish和enjoy, 千万不要与like相比。因为like作动词"喜欢"用时，其后接动名词表示习惯性动作，接不定式表示一次性特殊的动作，而would you like后面则一定要用不定式。
? ［误］ When he finished his homework, he went on playing the football.
? ［正］ When he finished his homework, he went on to play football.
? ［析］ go on to do something 是做完一件事紧跟着做另一件事。而go on doing something 是在做一件事的过程中被打断后接着再继续做这件事。
? ［误］ He's busy to prepare his lessons.
? ［正］ He's busy preparing his lessons.
? ［析］ be busy 后加doing 而不能接不定式。
? (三) 例题解析
?1? Mr Zhang asked me ＿＿＿ the words again.
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
? ［答案］ C. ［析］ ask somebody to do something 要求某人作某事。
?2? You ＿＿＿ play on the road. It's dangerous.
A. mustn't B. may C. can D. must
? ［答案］ A. ［析］ must 用于否定句表示禁止做某事。
?3? Mr Brown ＿＿＿ in Beijing since 1993.
A. Work B. works C. worked D. has worked
? ［答案］ D. ［析］ 句中有since引导的时间状语，因此句中要用完成时态。
?4? I ＿＿＿ a letter when my mother came in.
A. write B. am writing C. was writing D. will write
? ［答案］ C. ［析］ 当母亲进来时是一个瞬时的动作，而写信是一个长动作，所以写信这个动作应用过去进行时态，表示在写信过程中发生的另一个短动作。
?5? It's not an important party, you needn't ＿＿＿ .
A. pay for it B. wear it out C. try it out D. dress up for it
? ［答案］ D.? ［析］ pay for-为某物，某人付款，wear out-穿坏，磨破，tryout-选拔，挑选，而dress up-梳妆打扮。
?6? Can I ＿＿＿ a bike from him
A. lend B. return C. give D. borrow
? ［答案］ D. ［析］ borrow something from…为向某人某处借某物。而lend, return, give后面的介词应用to。
?7? - Must I stay at home
- No, you ＿＿＿ .
A. mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. can not
? ［答案］ B. ［析］ needn't 为"没有必要必须做某事"，而mustn't为"禁止做"，can not为"不能做"。根据题意是：你不一定待在家里。
?8? - How long have you ＿＿＿ here
- About two months.
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
? ［答案］ A. ［析］ have been here是个状态，可以与后面的长时间状语连接，而其他三个动词都是瞬间动词。
?9? Stamps ＿＿＿ by people for sending letters.
A. use B. using C. used D. are used
? ［答案］ D. ［析］ 这里是被动语态，意为邮票被人们用来发信。
?10? The radio says Tianjin will be ＿＿＿ tomorrow.
A. rains B. rain C. rained D. rainy
? ［答案］ D. ［析］ rainy为形容词作表语。
?11? If you don't know this word, ＿＿＿ in the dictionary.
A. look for it B. look at it C. look after it D. look it up
? ［答案］ D. ［析］ look up 查字典，与look有关的词组有：
look about 四周环视 look after 照顾 look around 周围，四处看
look at 看 look back 回顾 look for 寻找
look forward to 期待 look out 当心 look like 看上去像
12? My father told me ＿＿＿ play on the street.
A. not B. to not C. not to D. did not
? ［答案］ C. ［析］ 不定式的否定式是not to do something.
13? There is going to ＿＿＿ an English party this evening.
A. be B. has C. have D. is
? ［答案］ A. ［析］ 这里是there be 无生命的"有"加助动词的句型，即there will be,而没有there have 的句型。
?14? There ＿＿＿ no bus stop here last year.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
? ［答案］ B. ［析］ last year为去年，所以用过去时。而there be 句型的单复数要看be动词之后离之最近的名词是单数还是复数。如：There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.
?15? Our school will hold a sports meeting if it ＿＿＿ tomorrow.
A. isn't rain B. rains C. won't rain D. doesn't rain
? ［答案］ D. ［析］ 在状语从句中应用一般时态来表示将来。
?16? Bikes mustn't ＿＿＿ everywhere.
A. be put B. be putted C. put D. putting
? ［答案］ A. ［析］ 这里是被动语态。与put有关的词组如下：?
put away 放好 put off 推迟 put on 穿上 put out 扑灭 put down 放下
17? Neither Li Lei nor Han Meimei ＿＿＿ Harbin.
A. have been to B. has been to C. have gone to D. has gone to
? ［答案］ B. ［析］ has been to 是去过某处。
?18? It's cold today you'd better ＿＿＿ more coats.
A. put on B. take off C. to put on D. to take off
? ［答案］ A. ［析］ 'd better 其后加不带to的不定式，而put on 为"穿上"。
?19? Henry ＿＿＿ a birthday card for Sam yesterday.
A. has bought B. buys C. bought D. will buy
? ［答案］ C. ［析］ 因句中的yesterday为表达过去的时间状语，所以应用过去时态。?
20? When I got to the factory, the workers ＿＿＿ about the filim.
A. are talking B. talked C. were talking D. have talked
? ［答案］ C. ［析］ 状语从句中所用的动词为过去时，则主句中也要与之呼应。而工人们在谈论电影为一长时间的动作，所以要用过去进行时。?
21? No hurry, please ＿＿＿ your time.
A. take B. bring C. carry D. catch
? ［答案］ A. ［析］ take one's time 慢慢来别着急。?
22? I enjoy ＿＿＿ the light music.
A. to listen to B. listening to C. hearing D. to hear
? ［答案］ B. ［析］ enjoy 与 finish其后只能接动名词作宾语补足语。?
23? Please ＿＿＿ as soon as you get there.
A. ring me up B. ring up me C. wake me up D. wake up me
? ［答案］ A. ［析］ ring up打电话，而wake up唤醒。英文中有很多动词词组如其宾语是代词时，一定要放在动词与介词之间。?
24? When I ＿＿＿ , I want to be a teacher.
A. grows up B. grow up C. shall grow D. grew up
? ［答案］ B. ［析］ grow up 长大。而状语从句要用现在时表示将来，即使主句也用的是一般现在时，但它含有将来之意。
?25? I called him and he ＿＿＿ to have a talk with me.
A. stop B. stops C. stoped D. stopped
? ［答案］ D. ［析］ 这是由and连接的两个并列句，所以时态应保持一致。?
26? - Would you please ＿＿＿ me an eraser, Lucy
- Certainly. Here you are.
A. borrow B. lend C. borrowed D. lent
? ［答案］ B. ［析］ would you please其后接不带to的不定式即动词原形，而borrow为"借入"而lend为"借出"。
?27? Trees ＿＿＿ in spring.
A. plant B. were planted C. should be planted D. should plant
? ［答案］ C. ［析］ should用于一般现在时态中表示应该，而此句又是被动语态。
28? - Where's your father
- He ＿＿＿ to Paris.
A. go B. goes C. went D. has gone
? ［答案］ D. ［析］ has gone 是已去某处了，不在这里了。所以强调过去的动作影响到现在。?
29? - Must I finish my homework in class now
- No, you ＿＿＿ . You can do it at home.
A. mustn't B. may not C. needn't D. can
? ［答案］ C. ［析］ needn't表示没有必要一定要这样做。由must提问，肯定句用must，否定句用needn't.?
30? Thank you very much for ＿＿＿ your book ＿＿＿ me.
A. lending, to B. lent, to C. borrow, from D. borrowing,from
? ［答案］ A. ［析］ for是介词，要用动名词作介词宾语。
?31? The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from ＿＿＿ the earth away.
A. blowing B. blow C. blows D. to blow
? ［答案］ A. ［析］ stop…from doing something. 阻止某人或某物作某事。
?32? The students will go to the West Hill Farm by bike, if it ＿＿＿ fine tomorrow.
A. will be B. is C. shall be D. was
? ［答案］ B.
?33? Our teacher always tells us ＿＿＿ in the street. It's too dangerous.
A. don't play B. not to play C. to play D. not play
? ［答案］ B. ［析］ 不定式的否定式为not to do。?
34? English is a useful language. It ＿＿＿ widely in the world.
A. is spoken B. was spoken C. can speak D. will speak
? ［答案］ A. ［析］ 本句为被动语态。
?35? The kite is flying high in the sky. It ＿＿＿ a bird.
A. looks at B. looks like C. looks for D. looks after
? ［答案］ B. ［析］ look like 像……，其中like 为介词。
?36? - Look! What's Wang Ping doing over there
- She ＿＿＿ under a big tree.
A. sings B. sang C. has sung D. is singing
? ［答案］ D.
?37? You ＿＿＿ see a doctor. You've got a bad cold.
A. will B. are going to C. had better D. could
? ［答案］ C. ［析］ had better 最好，意为一种真心的劝告。?
38? Your radio is too loud. Would you please ＿＿＿
A. turn down it B. turn it down C. to turn down it D. to turn it down
? ［答案］ B. ［析］ would you please 后面加动词原形。?
39? Could you tell me if it ＿＿＿ tomorrow
A. rains B. is raining C. will rain D. rain
? ［答案］ C. ［析］ if从句是宾语从句，而不是状语从句。所以还是要用将来时，而不能用一般现在时表示将来。
?40? Suddenly one of the bags ＿＿＿ the truck and landed in the middle of the road.
A. fell out B. fell down C. fell off D. will be
? ［答案］ C. ［析］ fall off 掉落，与off有关的词组有? see off 送行 give off 散发 shut off 关闭 kick off 踢掉 turn off 关闭 get off 下车 jump off 跳下 show of 炫耀 take off 脱下 pay off 付清
41? He ＿＿＿ at this school since two years ago.
A. was B. has been C. Is D. will be
? ［答案］ B. ［析］ since引导的时间状语应与完成时相呼应。
?42? She doesn't know ＿＿＿ .
A. when to do B. what to do C. how to do D. where to do
? ［答案］ B. ［析］ when, how, where均为疑问副词，而what为疑问代词，又因do是及物动词需要宾语。如用疑问副词时应为when to do it, how to do it, where to do it.
?43? Must older people ＿＿＿ to politely.
A. speak B. spoken C. be spoke D. be spoken
? ［答案］ D. ［析］ 这句话的主动语态应为People must speak politely to older people?对年龄较大的人讲话应有礼貌。?
44? Teachers usually ask their students ＿＿＿ loudly in class.
A. to speak B. speak C. speaks D. spoke
? ［答案］ A. ［析］ ask somebody to do something 要求某人作某事。?
45? - Where is Mr Zhang
- Look! He ＿＿＿ on a big machine over there.
A. works B. worked C. is working D. has worked
? ［答案］ C. ［析］ 由look, listen等词开始的句子一般要用现在进行时态。?
46? There's a football match. Please ＿＿＿ the TV at once. Let's watch together.
A. turn on B. take off C. turn off D. go on
? ［答案］ A. ［析］ turn on 打开。与turn有关的词组有： turn against 背叛 turn on 打开 turn +颜色 变为某种颜色 turn off 关闭 turn over 翻转 turn to 翻到某页 turn into 变为 turn up 向上翻
47? Please tell me where ＿＿＿ have our picnic tomorrow.
A. we will B. will we C. will D. will you
? ［答案］ A. ［析］ where 引导的从句是宾语从句，而不是状语从句。
?48? We ＿＿＿ English for three years already. And we can speak a little English now.
A. learn B. have learned C. has learned D. will learn
? ［答案］ B. ［析］ for+表示一段长度的时间词，应与完成时相呼应。
?49? At last, Lin Feng made the baby ＿＿＿ and begin to laugh.
A. stop to cry B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D. to stop crying
? ［答案］ B. ［析］ make somebody do (or doing) something, stop doing 意为停止做某事。
?50? Our classroom must ＿＿＿ clean every day.
A. keep B. to keep C. be kept D. to be kept
? ［答案］ C. ［析］ 应为被动语态。
?51? I hear there ＿＿＿ a sports meeting in our school next week.
A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. are going to be
? ［答案］ C. ［析］ 这是hear 的宾语从句是there be 句型。而且是用了be going to形式。
?52? It's getting colder, Peter. You'd better ＿＿＿ this coat with you.
A. bring B. carry C. take D. get
? ［答案］ C. ［析］ bring 带来，take 带走。
?53? Our classroom is clean and tidy. It ＿＿＿ every day.
A. cleans B. is cleaning C. cleaned D. is cleaned
? ［答案］ D. ［析］ 这里表达的是经常的一种状态，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。?
54? If you are not careful in the street, a car may ＿＿＿ you.
A. hurt b. hit C. run D. catch
? ［答案］ B. ［析］ hit撞上，碰上，击中
?55? The farmers were busy ＿＿＿ ready for the next year.
A. got B. getting C. to get D. get
? ［答案］ B. ［析］ be busy后应用动词的ing形式。学生姓名：鲁晓宇 年级：初三 任教学科：英语 教学次数：1 教学时间：2014/02/09 13:00-15:00
指导教师：江洪 教学模式：小班 教学地点：滨湖区万达 新区宝龙 胡埭校区
上次课程学生存在的问题：基础不错，缺少系统的语法学习。
学生问题的解决方案：全面学习初中语法知识。
动词（Verbs）
动词的种类 按其作用可分为行为动词（实义动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词
行为动词（实义动词） 行为动词意义完整，能独立用作谓语
e.g. The sun shone brightly this morning.
连系动词 连系动词本身有一定的意义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有be，become，get，look，seem，feel，smell，sound，keep，become，turn，fall等 e.g. She is a good swimmer.
助动词 助动词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其他语法形式。常见的助动词有be，have(has)，do(does)，will(would)，shall(should)
助动词的基本形式
原形 一般式 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
be am was been being
is
are were
have have had had having
has
do does did done doing
do
shall shall should
will will would
助动词的用法
助动词be的用法
be后面跟现在分词构成各种进行时态
e.g. My mother is cooking in the chicken.
be后面跟过去分词构成被动语态
e.g. This bridge was built twenty years ago.
be后面跟动词不定式表示根据安排要发生的事情
e.g. We are to have an English evening next week.
助动词have的用法
have后面跟过去分词构成完成时态
e.g. I have been to the teachers’ office.
have后面跟动词不定式构成谓语，表示因客观环境而不得不做的事情
e.g. It’s raining hard. She has to stay at home.
助动词do的用法
用来构成疑问句和否定句
e.g. I don’t think you are right.我认为你不对。
用来加强语气，起强调作用，一般解释为“一定要”，“真的”
e.g. Do come and see me.
用来代替前面刚提到的动词以避免重复
e.g. I work harder than he does.
助动词shall/should与will/would的用法
shall构成一般将来时，should构成过去将来时，用于第一人称，后接动词原形。
e.g. We shall visit the Science Museum next month.\ He asked me if I should take part in the sports meet.
will构成一般将来时，would构成过去将来时，用于第二、三人称，后接动词原形
e.g. The weather report says that there will be heavy rain tomorrow afternoon.
【注】现代英语有一个明显的发展趋势，就是第一人称用shall表示将来时间已越来越少，大量采用will，它在陈述句中能用于所有人称，即使是第一人称疑问句也用will。
e.g. We will set off soon. \ Will I be able to go out tomorrow.
情态动词 情态动词本身有词义，表示说话人对某种动作和状态的看法，但不能独立作谓语，和动词原形一起构成谓语，情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
几个常用情态动词的用法
情态动词can(could)的用法
表示智力、体力方面的能力
e.g. He can speak both English and French.
在口语中，can常代替may，表示“许可”、“可以”
e.g. Can I use your computer
can有时意为可能，表示说话人的“怀疑”、“猜测”或“不肯定”，常用于否定句或疑问句
e.g. Can the news be true
could可代表can表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转
e.g. Could you please ring up again at six
【注】 ⒈be able to可以和can(could)表示同样意思
e.g. No one can do it.=No one is able to do it.
⒉表示将来或其他时间的能力和做具体一件事的能力时要用be able to，
e.g. Will you be able to come tonight
情态动词may(might)的用法
表示允许或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思 e.g. You may go now.
【注】回答带有may的疑问句时，否定式常用must not(mustn’t)，表示“不可以”、“禁止”的意思
e.g. —May I take this magazine out of the reading-room —No, you mustn’t.
表示说话人的猜测，认为某一件事“或许”、“可能”发生 e.g. You may be right.
Might也可以代替may，表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定
e.g. It might rain this afternoon.
情态动词must和have to的用法
表示“必须”，“应当” e.g. We must be strict in our work.
must的否定形式must not\mustn’t，表示“不可以”、“禁止”的意思，语气比较强烈。
回答must的疑问句时，否定式常用need not\needn’t或don’t have，表示“不必”、“用不着”
e.g. —Must we hand in our exercise today？ —No，you needn’t.
表示说话人对事物的推测，比may语气肯定得多，意为“一定”、“准是”
e.g. She must know how to solve the problem.
have to表示“不得不”、“必须”的意思，它比must更含有“客观条件时的必须如此做”的意思，并有较多的时态
e.g. She has to do a lot of housework every day.
情态动词should的用法
表示劝告、建议，常译为“应当”
e.g. You should listen to the doctor’s advice.
表示预测，常译为“可能”
e.g. They should be here by now.
情态动词need的用法
need作为情态动词，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“需要”、“必须”
e.g. You needn’t come here so early tomorrow.
need可用作实义动词，其否定形式要借助don’t，doesn’t或didn’t；疑问形式要借助do，does或did
e.g. Do you need any help
情态动词will\would的用法
用于疑问句,一般用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问
e.g. Will you have another cup of coffee
表示“意愿”、“决心”等，可用于各种人称
e.g. I’ll do my best.
用would时语气比will委婉
e.g. Would you please pass me the ruler
情态动词shall的用法
在疑问句中，情态动词shall用于第一、三人称，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示
e.g. Shall we go out for a walk
2012中考真题欣赏
【2012贵州铜仁】
31.You ________ stop when the traffic light turns red.
A. can B. had better C. need D. must
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查情态动词的辨析。句意为：当交通灯变红，你“必须”停下来。根据语境可知此空意为“必须”，四个选项中，只有must具体有此意，故选D
【2012贵州毕节】
30. When winter comes, days get ______.
A. long and long B. short and short C. longer and longer D. shorter and shorter
【答案】D 考查形容词比较级的用法。句意为“冬天来了，天变得越来越短”，故选D。
【2012福建福州】
41. — Mum, must I stay there the whole day
— No, you____________. You____________come back after lunch, if you like.
A. mustn't; can B. needn't; must C. needn't; may
【答案】C
【解析】选C。考查情态动词的用法。由must引导的一般疑问句表示否定回答时需要用needn’t或don’t have to；表示答应准许某人时情态动词可以用can或may。故选C。
【2012贵州贵阳】
45. “Whose notebook is this ” “It _______ Jim’s. It has his name on it.”
A. can’t be B. must be C. can be
【答案】B
考查情态动词的用法。表示猜测。can’t be 意为“不可能是”；must be 意为“一定是”；can be 表示猜测，一般用于否定句或疑问句中，不用于肯定句中。根据句意：这是谁的笔记本？它一定是吉姆的，因为上面有他的名字。故选B.
【2012.安徽省】
42. There's enough time for you to go to the airport. You______ hurry now.
A. should B. needn't C. must D. can't
【答案】B
【2012北京】
27. —Mum, must I wash the dishes right now
—No, you ____.
A. shouldn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
【答案】D
【2012甘肃鸡西市】
31. —Is that your teacher
—That_____be Mr.Wang. He has gone to Japan with his wife.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. may not
【答案】A
【2012广东】
34. — I swim here
— I'm sorry. Children swim alone here.
A. Must; can't B. May; must C. Can; mustn't D. Can't; can
【答案】C
【2012贵州安顺】
18.——You can hardly swim，_____you
——_____．But my mother says she’ll teach me during my summer holiday．
A．can’t；No B．can；No C．can’t；Yes D．can；Yes
【答案】B
【2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔】
31. —Is that your teacher
—That _____be Mr.Wang. He has gone to Japan with his wife.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. may not
【答案】A
【2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔】
33. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs _____it every day.
A. practise to speak B. to practise speaking C. practise speaking
【答案】B
【2011湖北恩施】
35. —Is that girl under the tree Mary
—No, that ______be Mary. She is in New York.
A. can B. mustn’t C. can’t
【答案】C
【2012 湖北黄石】
36.Is Maria kocking at the door
It______be her. She is in Australia now.
A.may not B.needn't C.mustn't D.can't
【答案】D
【2012·湖北·荆州】
21. — Shall we take a taxi
— No, we . It’s not far from here.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C, shouldn’t D. needn’t
【答案】D
【2012·湖北·武汉】
35. －You _____ be happy with the strong public support you"ve received.
－Yes,you"re right.I"m really excited.　　
A.mayB.can C.mustD.need
【答案】C
【2012湖北咸宁】
26. Tom, you _______ play with the knife．You______ hurt yourself．B
A. won't; can't B. mustn't; may
C. shouldn't; must D. can't; should
【答案】B
【2012湖北咸宁】
27.―Jim, can you _______ this word in Chinese B
―Yes, I can_______ a little Chinese.
A. speak; say B. say; speak C. tell; speak D. talk; say
【答案】B
【2012湖北宜昌】
33. —My brother won the first prize in speech competition. —Congratulations! You be excited about that! A. need B. must C. would D. can
【答案】B
【2012湖南常德】
25. In competition, as in life, you _______ not always win.
A. may B. shall C. must
【答案】A
【2011湖南株洲】
26. That man ______ be my English teacher. He has gone to Canada.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t
【答案】C
考查情态动词辨析。Needn’t意为“不必”；mustn’t表示“明令禁止”；can’t表示“不可能”。根据句意“那个男人不可能是我的英语老师。他去了加拿大。”故选C。
【2012江苏淮安】
6.— Must we wear our school uniform this afternoon
—No, you . All of us will go on an outing.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
【答案】C
【2012江苏连云港】
4.—Meng Fei had his arm broken while recording If You Are the One in Beijing.
—Really Then perhaps he host TV programs for some time.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t
【答案】D
【2012江苏南京】
5. -----Have you decided which senior high school to choose
------Not yet. I go to Moonlight School.
A. must B. may C. need D. should
【答案】B
【2012江苏苏州】
7. —I hear you’ve got a new iPhone 4S. ______ I have a look
—Yes, certainly.
A. May B. Do C. Shall D. Should
【答案】A
【2012江苏无锡】
6. The lady in this photo be over fifty! She looks so young!
A. mustn’t B. must C. can’t D. can
【答案】C
【2012江苏宿迁】
16. —Must I do my homework now, Mum
— . You can do it tomorrow.
A. No, you needn’t B. No, you mustn’t
C. Yes, you need D. Yes, you must
【答案】A
【2012江苏盐城】
6.— Dad, must I practice the piano today
— No, you . You may do it tomorrow.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t
【答案】A
【2012江苏扬州】
8.— Excuse me, when are we going to have a picnic
— I’m not sure, Ask our monitor, please. He know.
A. need B. can C. may D. shall
【答案】C
【2012江苏镇江】
3. –I’m afraid I need a pair of glasses. I ____ hardly see the words on the blackboard.
- That’s terrible. You may have got poor eyesight.
A. can B. must C. may D. need
【答案】A
【2012江西】
30. Last year I ______ drive. I used to take the bus.
A. could B. couldn’t C. should D. shouldn’t
【答案】B
【2012辽宁大连】
9.In Britain, you ____ be 18 if you want to drive a car.
A.can B.must C.may D.might
【答案】B
【2012 内蒙古包头】
28. —You be excited that you’re going back to your hometown soon.
—Yes, I can’t wait any longer.
A. shall B. can C. need D. must
【答案】D
【2012 呼和浩特】
10. —______ I try on those shoes in the window
—______. They are just on show
A. Could; Yes, you can B. Can; Sorry, you couldn’t
C. Could; Sorry, you can’t D. Can; Yes, you could
【答案】C
配套练习题及答案
( ) 1. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he ______ speak it after calss.
A. could B. didn’t have to C. might D. shouldn’t
( ) 2. –Must we hand in the papers now --No, you ______.
A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. needn’t
( ) 3. John ______ go there with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure about it.
A. must B. can C. will D. may
( ) 4. Even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem. So it ______ be very difficult.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
( ) 5. Put on more clothes. You ______ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. could C. would D. must
( ) 6. It’s still early. You ______.
mustn’t hurry B. wouldn’t hurry
C. may not hurry D. don’t have to hurry
( ) 7. –May I stop here --No, you ______.
A. mustn’t B. might not C. needn’t D. won’t
( ) 8. A computer ______ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
( ) 9. –Could I borrow your dictionary -- Yes, of course you _______.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
( ) 10. Peter ______ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
( )11. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he’s much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
( ) 12. ______ I know your name
A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Must
( ) 13. You ______ be more careful next time.
A. have to B. may C. must D. might
( ) 14. You ______ miss the lesson, though we ______ have it on Thursday.
A. mustn’t; needn’t B. needn’t; mustn’t C. mustn’t; mustn’t D. needn’t; needn’t
( ) 15. This pen looks like mine, yet it isn’t. whose ______ it be
A. must B. may C. would D. can
( ) 16. What kinds of homes will we live in the future Nobody ______ be sure, but scientists are working out new ideas now.
A. will B. may C. can D. must
( ) 17. A teacher ______ do every exercise, but a student must.
A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t
( )18. The matter ______ be changed into a gas, but it _______ be heated to its boiling point.
A. may; needn’t B. may; can C. mustn’t; needn’t D. can; must
( ) 19. Teachers and students ______ look coldly at you for a day or two, but there are friendly feelings in their hearts.
A. must B. can C. may D. should
( ) 20. Cars and buses ______ stop when the traffic lights turn red.
A. can B. need C. may D. must
( ) 21. –Do you think his story ______ true --I don’ think so. But it sounds good.
A. must be B. may be C. can be D. has to be
( )22. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You ______ cut your finger.
A. need B. must C. should D. may
( ) 23. –How long ______ the book be kept
--For two weeks, but you ______ return it on time.
A. can; may B. may; need C. can; must D. must; need
( ) 24. – May I have an apple, Mum
--Certainly. But you ______ wash your hands first
A. may B. must C. can D. need
( ) 25. --______ the man there be our new teacher
--He ______ be, but I’m not sure.
A. May; mustn’t B. Can; may C. Must; can’t D. Can; can’t
( ) 26. –Somebody is knocking at the door. Who ______ it be
--It ______ be Tom. He is still in the school.
A. can; can’t B. can; mustn’t C. might; could D. might; may
参考答案 1—5 BDDCD 6—10 DAACB
11—15 BACAD 16—20 CBDCD
21-26CDCBBA
短语动词的类型
动词+介词（用作及物动词，后跟宾语），此类短语动词有wait for，look for，look after，look at，look into，agree to，agree with，hear from等
e.g. He looked after us very well.
动词+副词（有的用作及物动词，有的用作不及物动词），此类短语有find out，give up，hand in，hurry up，knock down，leave behind，look out，look up，put on，slow down，think over，try on，try out，wake up，work out等
e.g. He called up the man.
【注】当这类短语动词的宾语是名词时，它可以置于短语动词之后， 置于短语动词之中。但若宾语是代词担任时，则其只能置于短语动词之中。
e.g. Can I try them on, please
动词+副词+介词 此类短语有catch up with，come out of，do away with，get down to，get on with，keep up with，look forward to，put up with等
e.g. I can’t put up with these noisy people.
动词+名词+介词
此类短语有catch hold of，have pity on，make friends with，make fun of，make room for，pay a visit to，pay attention to，play a part in，take care of，take interest in，take part in，take hold of等
e.g. The elder sister takes care of the young children.
动词+介词+名词
此类短语有come to life，bring to an end，go to bed，take by surprise，set on fire，get in touch等
e.g. The cigarette set the house on fire.
be+形容词+介词
此类短语有be afraid of，be fond of，be angry with/at，be strict with，be good at，be worried about，be weak in，be interested in，be proud of，be tired of，be sick of，be surprised at等
e.g. She was afraid of snakes.
及物动词和不及物动词
及物动词必须带宾语，表示动作的对象
e.g. I like music.
不及物动词不能或不需带宾语
e.g. The wind is blowing hard.
多数动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词
e.g. I hear your father has left Beijing for Tokyo.(及物动词)
When did he leave (不及物动词)
2012中考真题欣赏
【2012福建福州】
34. It was such a funny show that people couldn't help ____________again and again.
A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing
【答案】C
【解析】选C。考查固定搭配。can’t help doing sth. 意为“禁不住做某事”，此处句意为：这是一场如此有趣的表演,以至于人们忍不住笑了一次又一次。故选C。
【2012福建福州】
42. — It's time for the weather report. Could I _____________ the TV, Dad
— Go ahead, please. I also want to know about the weather for tomorrow.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down
【答案】A
【解析】选A。考查短语动词的辨析。turn on意为“打开”；turn off意为“关闭”；turn down意为“调小（音量等）”。由答语可知爸爸也想看电视了解天气状况，因此此处需要用表示“打开（电视）”的短语动词。故选A。
【2012贵州贵阳】
38. When you leave the reading room, you should remember to ______ the lights.
A. turn on B. turn down C. turn off
【答案】C
考查动词短语的用法。turn on意为“打开”；turn down意为“关小”； turn off意为“关上”。根据句意：当你离开阅览室时，你应该记住把灯关上。故选C.
【2012贵州贵阳】
42. Jimmy has sixteen broken bikes to _______ and give away to kids who don’t have bikes.
A. fix up B. set up C. put up
【答案】A
考查动词短语的用法。fix up意为“修理，改进”；set up意为“建立，创立”；put up意为“建造，张贴”。根据句意：吉米有16辆坏了的自行车需要修理，他把他们分给没有自行车的孩子们。故选A.
【2012.安徽省】
45.-- Smoking is bad for your health.
--You're right. I decide to_________.
A. take it down B. find it out C. turn it off D. give it up
【答案】D
【2012甘肃鸡西市】
25. My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please_____the radio
A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on
【答案】A
【2012广东】
41. I love this song by Lady Gaga. Would you the TV a bit, please I can't hear it clearly.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down
【答案】C
【2012贵州安顺】
28.Mrs. Wang always asks us to _____ conversations in the English classes．
A．make up B．turn up C．end up D．look up
【答案】C
【2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔】
25. My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please _____the radio
A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on
【答案】A
【2012 湖北黄石】
32.We should learn how to ______well with people around us.
A.get along B.get down C.get to D.get up
【答案】A
【2012·湖北·荆州】
28. — I don’t think we can find a new day to work out the problem.
— But we’d better not .
A. end up B. hand out C. give up D. put out
【答案】C
【2012湖北十堰】
36. ---Peter, the light in your room ____________ the whole night. What were you doing
---Oh, I was busy writing a report.
A. turns on B. turned on C. is on D. was on
【答案】D
【2012·湖北·武汉】
40. After winning the badminton championship at Wuhan Sports Center in May, the Chinese players" faces _____ with joy.
A. made up B. took up C. put up D. lit up
【答案】D
【2012湖北孝感】
37. Lee all night in order to watch the football match between France and Italy.
A. put up B. stayed up C. got up D. showed up
【答案】B
【2011湖南株洲】
23. It’s cold outside. You’d better ______ your coat.
A. put on B. take off C. put away
【答案】A
考查动词短语辨析。put on意为“穿上；上演”；take off意为“脱下；起飞”；put away意为“收拾”。根据句意“外面冷，你最好穿上外套”。故选A。
【2012江苏淮安】
12. It’s cold outside. You’d better your coat and scarf.
A. work out B. put out C. have on D. put on
【答案】D
【2012江苏连云港】
13.—Excuse me, Sir. But smoking is not allowed here.
— Sorry, I didn’t see the sign. I’ll my cigarette at once.
A. put out B. put away C. put up D. put off
【答案】A
【2012江苏苏州】
14. Maggie wanted an evening job that would allow her to ______ her son during the day.
A. look at B. look around C. look after D. look out
【答案】C
【2012江苏宿迁】
10. —Allen, your bedroom is in a mess
—Sorry, Mum I’ll my things at once.
A. put on B. put away C. put out D. put up
【答案】B
【2012江苏徐州】
5. Don’t forget to take your bag when you the bus.
A. get off B. take off C. turn off D. put off
【答案】A
【2012江苏盐城】
8. Cao Wenxuan’s new book has just . Let’s go and buy one
A. come over B. come down C. come on D. come out
【答案】D
【2012江苏扬州】
10.—Don’t , my children. Keep working hard and you will win the match.
—Thank you, Mr. Zhang. We’ll try our best.
A. put up B. call up C. set up D. give up\
【答案】D
【2012江西】
34. More and more students ______ too much homework and they are really tired of it.
A. complain about B. care about C. learn about D. hear about
【答案】A
【2012辽宁大连】
13.David wrote a story about teenage life, and it ____ as a book in 2003.
A.went out B.came up C.grew up D.came out
【答案】D
【2012 内蒙古包头】
22. Can go and find out when the plane to New York
A. puts off B. gets off C. takes off D. breaks off
【答案】A
【2012 呼和浩特】
13. —Which hobby do you think ______ the least time
—Collecting stamps.
A. takes up B. tidies up C. gives up D. makes up
【答案】A
【2012年福建省福州市】
42. -- It's time for the weather report. Could I _______ the TV, Dad
-- Go ahead, please. I also want to know about the weather for tomorrow.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down
【答案】A
配套练习题及答案
根据句意,从所给的选项中选出最佳选项。
( )1. —How long may I ________ the dictionary —For two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. buy D. keep
( )2. —Do you think our basketball team will win the match
—They have better players, but I still _______ our team to win.
A. hope B. ask C. help D. expect
( )3. Mrs. Zhao doesn’t know what time it is because she has _______ her watch in the hotel.
A. stayed B. forgot C. left D. took
( )4. She likes traveling by air but it ________ too much.
A. pays B. costs C. takes D. spends
( )5. I don’t like this skirt. Please ________ me another.
A. show B. try C. put D. look
( )6. It ______ me about two days to finish reading the novel.
A. used B. took C. paid D. spent
( )7. Do you know the boy ________ under the big tree
A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying
( )8. My mother used to ________ me two stories at least before I went to bed.
A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk
( )9. —May I speak to Alan, please —I’m afraid he isn’t in. Would you like to___ a message
A. take B. tell C. write D. leave
( )10. We had twenty miles to walk to ________ the nearest railway station.
A. get B. arrive C. reach D. return
( )11. I’m hungry. I’d like something to ________.
A. see B. read C. eat D. drink
( )12. We _______ carefully but we could _________ nothing.
A. heard; listen B. heard; listen to C. listened; hear D. listened to; hear
( )13. Can she ________ the difference between the two words
A. speak B. say C. talk D. tell
( )14. There’s going to _______ an English Speech Competition in our school next Friday. A. have B. be C. open D. hold
( )15. —Do you like the songs sung by Backstreet Boys —Yes. They _______ really beautiful.
A. feel B. sound C. listen D. hear
( )16. My computer doesn’t _______. Can you ________ for me
A. use; save it B. move; fix it C. walk; repair it D. work; fix it up
( )17. All of us helped her with her English, so she didn’t _________.
A. fall off B. fall down C. fall behind D. fall over
( )18. _________ my father’s help, I learned to ride the bicycle.
A. Thank to B. Thanks for C. Thank D. Thanks to
( )19. The old man asked his son to _________ the new word himself in a dictionary.
A. look for B. look up C. look at D. look into
( )20. Jonny came here to _________ that everything was all right.
A. think over B. look over C. try out D. make sure
( )21. It is quite warm in the room. Why don’t you ________ your coat
A. take away B. take out C. take off D. take down
( )22. There are some apples under the tree. Please ________
A. put them up B. put up them C. pick up them D. pick them up
( )23. I think teachers are the most hardworking people. Do you ___________ me
A. go on with B. catch up with C. agree with D. laugh at
( )24. Be careful! Don’t _________ your mother’s glasses to the ground.
A. drop B. fall C. make D. throw
( )25. He couldn’t ________Chinese, so I _________ with him in English.
A. say; spoke B. talk; told C. speak; talked D. tell; talked
( )26. Hurry up, or you will ________ the ship.
A. catch B. take C. lose D. miss
( )27. Please _________ before you cross the road.
A. look up B. look yourself C. look around D. look again
( )28. Finally, the plane _________ safely at the airport in Chicago.
A. took B. stopped C. landed D. reached
( )29. Although her grandmother _________ for about five years, she still misses her very much.
A. has died B. dead C. died D. has been dead
( )30. —I’m afraid his radio is too noisy. Will you please _______ him to ________ —Sure.
A. make; turn it off B. allow; turn it on
C. ask; turn it down D. keep; turn it up
( )31. —Can I ________ your motorbike —Yes, of course. But you mustn’t ____ it to others.
A. have; borrow B. borrow; lend C. carry; lend D. use; keep
( )32. Lucy, could you please help me __________ the map on the wall We need it now.
A. put away B. put on C. put off D. put up
( )33. He ________ hard and finally ________ the language well.
A. studied; learned B. learned; studied
C. learns; learned D. studies; studied
( )34. —This car was _________ Tokyo. —Oh, how cool it looks!
A. made by B. made of C. made into D. made in
( )35. The headteacher asked the students to stop ________ and _________ to her.
A. to talk; listened B. talking; listen C. talking; listening D. to talk; listen
( )36. The little boy __________ the wall and hurt his leg.
A. fell of B. fall from C. fell off D. fall down
( )37. The train leaves at 10:20, and it’s ten o’clock now. I think we shall _________ it.
A. take B. make C. have D. meet
( )38. My sister ________ in America. I’ll _______ with her for a few days this summer.
A. lives; stay B. stay; live C. stay; stay D. lives; live
( )39. I often ________ my friends but seldom write back to them because I’m too busy.
A. hear of B. hear about C. hear from D. hear
( )40. Mr. Black has visited the Summer Palace. I am going to ________ him somewhere else this afternoon.
A. take B. bring C. push D. carry
( )41. —Will you please ________ the article to me this evening
—What about tomorrow My computer doesn’t work today.
A. have B. answer C. take D. e-mail
( )42. I didn’t go to the park yesterday because my mother asked me to ___ the sick dog at home.
A. look at B. look through C. look after D. look like
( )43. The doctor advised my father to __________ smoking.
A. open up B. put up C. give up D. make up
( )44. I _________ boiled water ________ beverage.
A. like; than B. prefer; to C. prefer; than D. like; to
( )45. If we can ________ the football team from Class 1, we will _______ the first place.
A. beat; beat B. win; beat C. beat; win D. win; win
( )46. I ________ him to get to the hospital as soon as possible.
A. wish B. hope C. think D. let
( )47. He tried to _________ the words on the blackboard, but he couldn’t ___ them clearly.
A. have a look; see B. see; look C. look at; see D. see; look at
( )48. The girl was ______ her pet dog while her mother was ________ the violin.
A. playing; playing B. playing; playing with
C. playing with; playing D. playing with; playing with
( )49. The little girl _______ a new pair of pants today.
A. dresses B. puts on C. is dressed D. is wearing
( )50. Linda _________ at ten last night and soon ________ because she was too tired.
A. fell asleep; went to bed B. slept; went to bed
C. went to bed; fell asleep D. fell asleep; slept
( )51. This poem __________ his new book.
A. comes across B. comes from C. comes by D. comes over to
( )52. Miss Brown isn’t here. She _________ London.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. was in
( )53. The earth is our home. We must _________ the land, air and water clean.
A. change B. share C. notice D. keep
( )54. You should _________ your voice.
A. keep out B. keep down C. keep fit D. keep silence
参考答案
1-5 DDCBA 6-10 BDCDC
11-15 CCDBB 16-20 DCDBD
21-25 CDCAC 26-30 DCCDC
31-35 BDADB 36-40 CBACA
41-45 DCCBC 46-50 ACCDC
51-54 BBDB
动词的基本形式
动词有四种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词规则动词的过去式和过去分词是在原形动词后面加-ed构成，现在分词是在原形动词后面加-ing构成
规则动词加-ed构成过去式和过去分词的情况及其读音详见下表：
词形 读音 在清辅音后读/t/ 在元音和浊辅音后读/d/ 在辅音/t//d/后读/id/
一般动词加-ed asked, helped, finished, worked played, answered, opened, called, entered wanted, needed, repeated
以e结尾的动词后加-d hoped, liked lived, died, tied, changed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y改为i，再加-ed studied, tried, carried, cried, worried
以重度闭音节或r结尾而且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ed stopped, dropped planned, referred, begged regretted, permitted, admitted
规则动词加-ing构成现在分词的情况详见下表：
词 形 加-ing 例 词
一般动词 加-ing see—seeing，ski—skiing
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词 先去e，再加-ing become—becoming，use—using
以重度闭音节结尾，末尾又只有一个辅音字母的动词 将末尾辅音字母双写，再加-ing begin—beginning， sit—sitting，plan—planning，stop—stopping
以ie结尾的动词 将ie变为y，再加-ing die—dying，lie—lying，tie—tying
不规则动词 则详见不规则动词表
不规则动词表
现在式 过去式 过去分词
am, is was been
are were been
babysit babysat babysat
become became become
bend bent bent
begin began begun
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
burn burnt/burned burnt/burned
buy bought bought
can could -
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
dig dug dug
do, does did done
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
freeze froze frozen
forgive forgave forgiven
get got got
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
has, have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lay laid laid
leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
light lit/lighted lit/lighted
lose lost lost
make made made
may might -
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read read read
retell retold retold
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
shake shook shaken
shall should -
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
smell smelt smelt
speak spoke spoken
spell spelt spelt
spend spent spent
spread spread spread
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
tread trod trod / trodden
understand understood understood
upset upset upset
wake woke/waked woken/waked
wear wore worn
will would -
win won won
write wrote written学生姓名：鲁/陆 年级：初二 任教学科：英语 教学次数：2 教学时间：2014/02/11 13:00-15:00
指导教师：江洪 教学模式：小班 教学地点：滨湖区万达 新区宝龙 胡埭校区
上次课程学生存在的问题：英语基础都还可以，需巩固提优。
学生问题的解决方案：全面学习初中英语时态和语态的知识。
总述：英语中动词共有16种时态，下面以动词do为例，其各种时态形式如下表：
时间 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式
现在时 do\does am\is\are doing has\have done has\have been done
过去时 done was\were doing had done had been doing
将来时 shall\will do shall\will be doing shall\would have done shall\will have been doing
过去将来时 should\would do should\would be doing should\would have done should\would have been doing
初中则要求掌握以下八种时态： 一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，一般将来时，过去将来时。
1．一般现在时
1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与often、always、usually、every day、sometimes、now and then等时间状语连用
e.g. He gets up at six every day.
2)表示主语现在的状态、特征或性格等
e.g. She has brown hair.
3)表示普遍真理或客观事实
e.g. The earth moves around the sun.
4)在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来动作
e.g. I’ll tell her after you leave.
5) 在口语中，有些表示移动的动词，其一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或时间表要发生的事，句中通常有一个表示未来时间的状语。这些动词有go，come，leave，arrive，return，begin，start，be等
e.g. The Browns come back tonight.
6) 以here，there开头的倒装句，一般现在时可表示目前正在发生的动作
e.g. Here comes the bus.
有少数动词（如say，tell，hear等）可以用一般现在时表示过去发生的情况
e.g. I hear you want a servant.
2．一般过去时
1) 表示过去某个事件发生的动作或存在的状态，一般带有确定的过去时间状语，如the day before yesterday，last night，a few years ago，in 1997等，但有时可不用时间状语而通过情景表示过去时间
e.g. My grandmother died last year.
2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作
e.g. I played basketball every day when I was a boy.
【注】①表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，也可用“used to+动词原形”的结构
e.g. My mother used to go to school on foot.
这种结构的否定式和疑问式可用助动词do，也可不用助动词来构成：don’t use to=usedn’t to
②有些情况发生的时间不很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的，应当用一般过去时
e.g. I was glad to get your letter.
在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示过去将来时间
e.g. He said he would not stay on even though it rained the next morning.
2) 其他表示将来时的结构
① be going to+动词原形”结构，表示说话者明确的打算、安排、决定或确信会发生的事，多用于口语 e.g. When are you going to answer his letter
【注】表示客观上某些事将来必然发生，与主观意愿无关，常用will
e.g. I’ll be eighteen next week.
② “be+动词不定式”结构，表示安排好了要在将来做的事
e.g. You’re stay here till we return.
③ “be about+动词不定式”结构，表示就要发生的事，句中不能用表示动作发生时间的状语 e.g. They are about to start.
④ 一般将来时表示将来时（限于某些动词，表示按计划或时刻表要发生的事）
e.g. We get off at the next stop.
⑤ 现在进行时表示将来时（限于某些动词，表示按计划安排要发生的事）
e.g. We’re having an English evening tonight.
4． 过去将来时
1)过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，过去将来时常用在宾语从句中 过去将来时由“助动词would\should+动词原形”构成
e.g. I knew you would agree.
2)Be going+动词不定式、be+动词不定式、be about+动词不定式，变成过去式后，都相当于过去将来时
e.g. She was going to sell her old car and buy a new one.
3)过去进行时表示过去将来的概念，常用于位置转移的动词，如go，come，leave等
e.g. He told me he was leaving in an hour.
4)在时间、条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来时
e.g. They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.
5． 现在进行时
1) 现在进行时的构成 “助动词be的现在时形式（am，is，are）+主要动词的现在分词”
2) 现在进行时的用法
① 表示此刻正在进行或发生的动作 e.g. What are you thinking about
② 表示现在这一段时间正在发生的动作或变化，虽然这个动作此时此刻不一定正在进行
e.g. I’m sorry I can’t go. I’m writing a report.
3) 现在进行时的其他用法
① 可以用来表示经常性的动作，常和always，constantly，forever这类副词连用，表示厌烦、赞美等情绪
e.g. He is always losing his keys.
② 可以用来表示按计划、安排最近即将发生的动作，常用位置转移的动词，如 go，come，leave，start，arrive等
e.g. Are you going anywhere tomorrow？
③ 可以用在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作
e.g. When you are passing my way, please drop in.
6． 过去进行时
1)过去进行时的构成 “助动词be的过去时形式（was， were）+主要动词的现在分词”
2)过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，句中往往有表示过去的时间状语或上下文表示过去某一特定时刻
句中的过去时间状语往往是：this time yesterday，from 2 to 3 yesterday afternoon，at 10 last Sunday night，at that time，the whole morning yesterday
e.g. We were talking about it a moment ago.
3)过去进行时表示过去某一段时间里持续的动作
e.g. It was snowing last night.
4)与always，constantly，forever等副词连用，带有感彩
e.g. He was always ringing me up.
5)过去进行时可表示过去某时打算要做的事或预计要发生的事
e.g. Mr. Brown was coming to dinner.
6)有时用hope，think，wonder的过去进行时表示现在的想法，可以显得客气一点
e.g. I was wondering whether you could give me some advice.
7)过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较
①过去进行时往往表示动作的未完成性，而一般过去时则往往表示动作已完成
e.g. He was doing his homework in the afternoon.(没有言明作业是否完成)
He did his homework in the afternoon.(作业已做完)
②过去进行时侧重说明动作持续时间的长度，而一般过去时则侧重说明事实。
e.g. It was raining all night.(持续性)\ It rained all night.(只说明下雨事实)
7． 现在完成时
现在完成时，动作发生在过去，但对现在又影响（或结果），这种影响（或结果）往往是说话人兴趣所在，因此动词后常常不用时间状语。
e.g. Someone has broken the window.
1)现在完成时的构成 “助动词have(has)+过去分词”
① 现在完成时的肯定句的构成：主语（第一和第二人称单数，第三人称复数）+have+过去分词 或：主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词
e.g. We have lived in Beijing.\ He has lived in Beijing.
② 现在完成时的否定构成：主语+have(has)+not+过去分词
e.g. I have not seen the film yet.
③ 现在完成时的疑问句的构成：一般疑问句 Have(Has)+主语+过去分词？e.g. Have you finished the work
2)现在完成时的用法
①表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果,于现在时间相关联
e.g. I’ve lost my key.(因此无法进屋)
【注】现在完成时不能和确定的过去时间状语连用，可与不确定的时间状语连用，如：just，already，yet，ever，recently，lately，never，still，before等
e.g. Have you ever talked to him about it
②表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在可能还要持续下去，也可能刚刚结束，这时通常和since或for引导的时间状语连用 e.g. I have lived here for more than thirty years.
【注】⒈现在完成时表示动作持续发生时还可以用以下表示包括现在时间在内的时间状语：up to now，in the past few years，today，so far，these days，this year等
e.g. Up to now, the work has been easy.
⒉表示动作持续发生时只能用表示持续动作的动词或状态动词,不能用表示短暂的动作或位置转移的动词 e.g. 这本书我在上海买的，我买了三年了。
(wrong) I bought this book in Shanghai, I have bought it for three years.
(right) I bought this book in Shanghai, I have had it for three years.
③ 表示“曾经到过某地”，要用have(has) been to，不能用have(has) gone to
e.g. Where has he been (他已经回来) \ Where has he gone (他现在不在这里)
④ Have(has) got在形式上是现在完成时，在意思上却和have(has)相同
e.g. Have you got(=Do you have) a time table
3)现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
①这两个时态都谈已发生的事，主要差别是现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关,或者对现在有影响，或谈现在之前一段时间里发生的事；而一般过去时单纯谈过去的事，与现在没有关系。因此，凡是有过去时间状语，只能用过去时。
e.g. She was here a minute ago.
②现在完成时用于提供新的信息。因此，两人对话时，往往先用完成时，如果继续谈到具体的事情、时间、地点，须用一般过去时 e.g.对话： —Have you milked the cows yet —Yes, we have done that already. —Well done! When did you do that —We did it an hour ago.
8． 过去完成时
1)过去完成时的构成 “助动词had+过去分词”，疑问式将had提前，否定式在had后加not
2)过去完成时的用法
①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态
e.g. He had left when we arrived there.
②用于宾语从句中 e.g. I thought I had seen her somewhere before.
9． 时态的呼应
在主从复合句中，有些从句中的谓语动词时态受到主句谓语动词时态的影响，这种情况叫时态的呼应
1)主句若是现在时态或将来时态，从句可以表述任何事态的事
e.g. I hear you have learned by heart 5,000 English words.
I’ll tell you which hotel I shall stay in.
Nobody knows why she didn’t come to work for a week last month.
2)主句若是过去时态，从句可以表述一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的事
e.g. Mr. Brown told me he wanted to buy a Japanese TOYOTA car.
She didn’t tell me what she was doing then.
He asked me whether I would go abroad in several months.
She didn’t know we had got married.
3)若果从句说明的是一般真理或客观事实，仍用现在时态
e.g. The teacher told us that the earth is round.
************************************************************************
2011和2012中考真题欣赏
【2012福建福州】
35. — Listen, the music _____________sweet.
— It's Yesterday Once More, my favorite.
A. sounds B. smells C. feels
【答案】A
【解析】选A。考查系动词的用法。sound意为“听起来”；smell意为“闻起来”；feel意为“感觉；摸起来”。由句中“the music”可知，此处句意为：这首音乐听起来很美。故选A。
【2012福建福州】
37. — Hello, may I speak to Mr. Smith
— Sorry, he isn't in. He _____________the office.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been away
【答案】B
【解析】选B。考查现在完成时的用法。has been to表示去过某地，现在已经回来；has gong to表示去了某地，现在还没回来。由答语中“Sorry, he isn’t in”可知 “史密斯先生不在家，他去了办公室”。故选B。
【2012福建福州】
43. — Our classroom____________every day.
— So it is. It's our duty to keep it clean and tidy.
A. cleans B. is cleaning C. is cleaned
【答案】C
【解析】选A。考查被动语态的用法。由于句中主语“Our classroom”是事物，教室只能是被打扫，因此需要用被动语态来表达，由句中“every day”确定，此处应该用一般现在时，其结构为is cleaned。故选A。
【2012贵州贵阳】36. “Have you ever been to Tokyo ” “Yes, I ______ there twice. It’s a modern city.”
A. have gone B. have been C. had gone
【答案】B
考查动词时态及动词的用法。问句用的是现在完成时，答句也应该用现在完成时，前后时态一致。Have gone意为“去过，但还没回来”；have been意为“去了，回来了”。根据句意：你去过东京吗？我去过两次，它是一个现代城市。故选B.
【2012贵州贵阳】
39. In order to make our hometown more beautiful, trees _______ around the city every year.
A. plant B. are planted C. will plant
【答案】B
考查动词语态的用法。trees与plant存在着被动关系，应用动词的被动语态。根据句意：为了我们的家乡更美丽，每年围着城市多种些树。故选B.
A. stay B. will stay C. stays
【答案】C
考查动词时态的用法。用在条件状语从句中，一般现在时表示一般将来时，主语是Bob，所以动词用单三形式。根据句意：如果波比远离垃圾食品，他就会很健康。故选C.
【2012.安徽省】
35. To protect the environment, supermarket don’t _____ free plastic bags to shoppers.
take B. show C. provide D. carry
【答案】C
【2012.安徽省】
41. --Let's discuss the plan, shall we
--Not now. I_____ to an interview.
A. go B. went C. am going D. was going
【答案】C
【2012.安徽省】
49. The task____ in an hour. Then we can go home and have a good rest.
A. was finished B. will be finished C. has been finished D. can't be finished
【答案】B
【2012北京】
25. Let’s ____ for a walk, shall we
A. to go B. going C. go D. gone
【答案】C
【2012北京】
26. —Where were you last Saturday
—I ____ in the Capital Museum.
A. am B. will be C. was D. have been
【答案】C
【2012北京】
29. —May I speak to the headmaster
—He ____ a meeting now. Can I take a message
A. is having B. had C. has D. will have
【答案】A　
【2012北京】
32. I ____ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai.
A. didn’t hear from B. don’t hear from
C. won’t hear from D. haven’t heard from
【答案】D　
【2012北京】
33. Today, computers are really helpful. They ____ everywhere.
A. use B. are used C. used D. were used
【答案】B
【2012甘肃鸡西市】
25. My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please_____the radio
A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on
【答案】A
【2012甘肃鸡西市】
28. They_____five days finishing the work.
A. paid B. took C. spent
【答案】C
【2012甘肃鸡西市】
30. She_____ her hometown for many years. No one nearly knows her.
A. has been away from B. has left C. had left
【答案】A
【2012甘肃鸡西市】
32. Summer holiday is coming, Li Lei with his father_____to go to Shanghai.
A. want B. will want C. wants
【答案】C
【2012甘肃鸡西市】
33. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs_____it every day.
A. practice to speak B. to practice speaking C. practice speaking
【答案】B
【2012广东】
31. Jenny in the kitchen when you called her at 5 o'clock this afternoon.
A. is cooking B. was cooking C. cooks D. Cooked
【答案】B
【2012广东】
35. Hot water in the students' flats from 5 pm to 7 pm now.
A. supplies B. is supplied C. supplied D. was supplied
【答案】B
【2012广东】
36. If our government attention to controlling food safety now, our health _____in
danger.
won't pay; is B. doesn't pay; is
C. won't pay; will be D. doesn't pay; will be
【答案】D
【2012广东】
37. — Both Li Lei and Han Meimei fond of the TV program A Bite of China.
— I am also deeply moved by its stories!
A. is B. am C. was D. Are
【答案】D
【2012广东】39. Our English teacher is very nice. We friends since three years ago.
A. were B. became C. have been D. have made
【答案】C
【2012广东】
43. — You haven't been to the West Lake, have you
— . But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation.
A. No, I haven't B. No, I didn't C. Yes, I have D. Yes, I did
【答案】A
【2012广西玉林】
31. ---Tim played the guitar very well in the school talent show.
--- I think so. He practices __________ it every day.
A. play B. playing C. to play D. plays
【答案】B
【2012广西玉林】
34. —I can’t find Ted for three days. Where is he
—He _______ Beijing for a meeting.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to
【答案】B
【2012广西玉林】
38. Last year, Shenzhou-8 _______ into the space. It made us proud.
A. is sent B. was sent C. sends D. sent
【答案】B
【2012安顺】
16. Look! _____ some juice in the glass.
A．There is B．There are C．There haveD．There has
【答案】A
【2012贵州安顺】
20.The old man _____ in Shanghai, but he _____ in Haikou now.
A．be born; live B．was born ; live C．is born; lives D．was born; lives
【答案】D
【2012贵州安顺】
23.——Do you know whether the man _____ by the door is Mr. Smith
——Sure. We’ve known each other for a long time.
A．stand B．standing C．stood D．stands
【答案】B
【2012贵州安顺】
24.My father would rather _____ than _____．
A．stay at home; to go out B．to stay at home; to go out
C．stay at home; go out D．to stay at home; go out
【答案】C
【2012贵州安顺】
27.It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river to get to school．We think a bridge_____ over the river． A．was built B．should be built C．has been built D．is being built
【答案】B
【2012贵州毕节】
25. Lucy ______ a student last year, but now she ______ a teacher.
A. is; is B. was； is C. was； will be D. is； was
【答案】B考查时态的用法。根据last year可知第一空用过去时，根据now可知第二空用一般现在时，故选B。
【2012贵州毕节】
26. —Were you at home at 9:00 last night I called you but nobody answered.
—Sorry，I ______ at that time.
A. take a shower B. took a shower
C. was taking a shower D. am taking a shower
【答案】C 考查动词时态的用法。根据交际情景此处表示“那个时候我正在洗澡”，使用过去进行时态，故选C。
【2012贵州毕节】
27. —Mum, I can't find my shoes.
—Hurry up! Your father ______ for us.
A. is waiting B. waited C. waits D. will wait
【答案】A 考查动词时态的用法。根据情景可知此处表示“你父亲正在等我们”，应该使用现在进行时，故选A。
【解析】此题考查对there be 句型的回答。对is there… 的回答是yes, there is. 或者No, there isn’t. 故选A。
*****************************************************************
【2011湖北恩施】
25. You should ______ it carefully before ______ a composition.
A. consider； write B. consider； writing C. considering； writing
【答案】B
【2011湖北恩施】
28. He ______ go out with his parents, but now he ______ staying at home alone.
A. used to； is used to B. is used to； used to C. use to； is used to
【答案】A
【2011湖北恩施】
31. —I called you last night, but you didn’t answer it.
—I’m terribly sorry. I ______ a meeting at that time.
A. had B. was having C. am having
【答案】B
【2011湖北恩施】
34. —When did you buy the computer
—I have ______ this computer for 5 years, but it still works well.
A. bought B. have C. had
【答案】C
【2011湖南株洲】
27. If more trees ______ planted, our city will be more beautiful.
A. were B. are C. will be
【答案】B
【2011湖南株洲】
30.－Have you ever been to Shanghai
－Yes. I ______ there with my father last year.
A. went B. have been C. have gone
【答案】A
考查动词时态。根据答语中的时间状语last year，可以判断句子要用一般过去时。故选A。
【2011河南】
( ) 27. —What smells terrible, Ted
—I'm sorry. I'll _______ my shoes and wash them at once.
A. take away B. put away C. move away D. get away
【答案】A
【2011河南】
( ) 30. —Have you heard of Earth Day
—Yes. The first Earth Day _________ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.
A. celebrates . B. celebrated C. is celebrated D. was celebrated
【答案】D
【2011河南】
( ) 32. —I'd like to introduce my best friend to you, Peter.
—Thank you, Lucy. But we _________already.
A. meet B. met C. will meet D. have met
【答案】D
【2011 河南省】
25. —I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered.
—Sorry, I _____ with my friends at that time.
A. swim B. swam C. will swim D, was swimming
答案：D。
考查动词时态。首句说：我昨天下午4点钟给你打电话，但是没人接。下句显然是要告诉对方当时正在做什么，故用过去进行。句意：…，我当时和我的朋友们在一起。
【2011 河南省】
33. —Excuse me, where is Mr. Brown's office
—Sorry, I don't know. I_____ here for only a few days.
A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work
答案：C。
考查动词时态及情景交际。句意：…。我在这儿才几天
【2011黑龙江绥化市】
（）14.—Where is Bob
—He______to Harbin for a meeting.
went B. has been C. has gone
答案：C
【解析】词义辨析。have been to 指“去过”，have gone to 指“去了”， 即不在说话者所在地。根据句义，“他去哈尔滨参加会议”，所以选C。
【2011黑龙江绥化市】
（）24. Don't make so much noise. The children_______an English lesson.
A. have B. are having C. were having
答案：B
【解析】时态考查。根据情境：不要闹动静，因为孩子们正在上英语课，故用现在进行时。
【2011江苏徐州】
8. I was very angry with John—he just_______ when I spoke to him.
A. isn’t listening B. hasn’t listened C. didn’t listen D. wasn’t listening
答案：D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意“我生约翰的气，当我和你说话的时候，他就是不听。”过去进行时强调过去某时间正在做的事情。
【2011江苏徐州】
13. — Are you going to the bank, Laura
—No, I _______ to the bank already.
A. have been B. have gone C. am going D. had been
答案A
【解析】考查动词时态的用法。由上句句意“……你打算去银行吗？－不。”和“already”推测他已经去过了，用现在完成时。Have/has been+地点意为“去过某地（已回来）”；have/has gone+地点意为“到某地去了（现在不在这儿）”。故选A。
【2011内蒙古包头】
( ) 22. Mr. Black is going to marry a girl he _______ in Japan last year.
A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet
答案：B
【解析】本题考查过去分词做定语的用法。句意为“布莱克先生打算和他去年在日本结识的女孩结婚”。故选B。
（2011四川资阳）
27. So far this year, many new houses ________ in Wenchuan with the help of the government.
A. build B. are built C. will build D. have been built
答案：D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句中有So far“到目前为止”，使用现在完成时态，故选D。
【2011天津】
36. My grandmother ______ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.
A．sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen
答案：D
【解析】 动词的时态。 “Since，自从……以来”是现在完成时的标志词，因此这句话用现在完成时。
【2011乌鲁木齐】
34.The meeting _ by the time I got there yesterday.
A. was on B. has been on C. had begun D. has begun
【答案】C
【解析】时态的考察 “我昨天到哪儿”是过去，“会议开始在我到哪儿之前”应是过去的过去。故用过去完成时。
【2011 广西柳州】
43.—You have found your lost umbrella, haven’t you
—Yes. I _____ it behind the door this afternoon.
A. have found B. will find C. found
答案C
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据答语的句意：今天下午找到的。可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，故选C。
****************************************************************
配套练习题及答案
一般现在时与现在进行时专练
( ) 1. Father usually ______ his newspaper after dinner.
A. read B. reads C. reading D. is reading
( ) 2. The Blacks often ______ to the cinema on Saturday evenings.
A. go B. goes C. is going D. are going
( ) 3.Look! The boy ______ with his mother in the pool.
A. is swimming B. is swimming C. are swimming D. are swiming
( ) 4.--- What is Tom doing in the classroom
--- He ______ something on the blackboard.
A. draws B. draw C. is drawing D. are drawing.
( ) 5.Old Tom usually ______ up at six and ______ sports in the garden.
A. gets, dos B. gets, does C. get, does D. gets, do
( ) 6. It’s ten o’clock and Jack ______ still(仍然) ______ his homework.
A. is, do B. is, doing C. are, do D. are, doing
( ) 7. The waiters ______ to work at five every morning.
A. start B. starts C. starting D. are starting
( ) 8.I ______ a letter, so I can’t go out with you.
A. is writing B. am writing C. am writeing D. am writting
( )9.A hundred days _____ quite a long time.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
( )10. --______ late for the meeting next time. –Sorry, I won’t.
A. Don’t B. Don’t be C. Won’t be D. Be not
( )11. My mother _____ noodles, but my father ______.
A. likes, doesn’t B. don’t like, do C. likes, didn’t D. didn’t like, do
( )12. The picture ______ nice.
A. looks B. is looked C. look D. is looking
( )13. The students will go to the Summer Palace if it ______ tomorrow.
A. don’t rain B. doesn’t rain C. won’t rain D. isn’t rain
( )14. We are always ready _______ others.
A. to helping B. to help C. help D. helping
( )15. I often hear her ______ about the boy.
A. talking B. talk C. to talk D. talked
( )16. He’s already a little weak in Chinese, ______ he
A. is B. isn’t C. has D. hasn’t
( )17.Potatoes are ______ in the field by the farmers.
A. grow B. growing C. grown D. grew
( )18. Does she have a watch – Yes, she ______.
A. have B. do C. has D. does
( )19. She _____ English very much now.
A. is liking B. likes C. liked D. is teaching
( )20. She has no paper to _____ . Why not give her some
A. write B. be writing C. write on D. write in
(　 )21. Does Mr Know-all know ______ keys
A. to make B. how to make C. how make D. making
( )22. Does your mother ______ English now
A. teaches B. teach C. taught D. is teaching
( )23. Jack usually ______ mistakes last term. But this term he does better.
A. makes B. made C. does D. did
( )24. The boy is too young, please ______ carefully.
A. look after him B. look him after C. look at him D. look him at
( )25. She ______ you to come to my birthday party.
A. hopes B. wishes C. want D. lets
( )26. --Where is Frank now -- He ______ his bike in the yard.
A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing up D. fixed
( )27. Bob often ______ his mother with the housework on Sundays.
A. help B. helping C. helps D. helped
( )28. The students will go to the Summer Palace if it ______ tomorrow.
A. don’t rain B. doesn’t rain C. won’t rain D. isn’t rain
( )29. If it _____ tomorrow, I will go by car.
A. rain B. will rain C. rains D. would rain
( )30. --What a nice garden! –She ______ it every day.
A. is cleaning B. has cleaned C. cleans D. clean
( )31. --Where is Peter -- He ______ his homework in the room.
A. is doing B. does C. did D. do
( )32. The teacher told us that light ______ much faster than sound.
A. travels B. traveled C. was D. will be
( )33. My mother told us that Taiwan ______ part of China.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
( )34. Do you know bananas _____ in Hainan
A. grows B. is grown C. grew D. are grown
( )35. The clothes ______very soft.
A. are felt B. are feeling C. feel D. feels
( )36. The supermarket is far from Mary’s house. So she _____ only once a week.
A. goes shopping B. has been there C. was shopping D. has gone there
( )37. Don’t make so much noise. We _____ to the music.
A. are listening B. listen C. listened D. have listened
( )38. I’ll go swimming with you if I _____ free tomorrow.
A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was
( )39. – Oh, Mrs. King, your sweater looks nice. Is it _____ wool
-- Yes, and it’s _____ Inner Mongolia.
A. made of, made by B. made of, made in
C. made by, made for D. made by, made from
*****************
参考答案【一般现在时与现在进行时专练】
1-5BAACB 6-10BABAB 11-15AABBB
16-20 BCDBC 21-25 BBBAC 26-30 CCBAC
31-35 AAABC 36-39 AACB
**********************************************************结束
一般将来时专练
( )1. Her hope _______ the 2008 Olympic Games.
A. to take part in B. is to take part in C. taking part in D. will take part in
( )2. --- Can I go to Beijing for my holiday, Dad --- You can when you _______ a bit older.
A. will get B. get C. are getting D. got
( )3. If he _______harder, he will catch up with us soon.
A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied
( )4. --- Don’t forget to ask him to write to me.
--- I won’t. As soon as he _______, I’ll ask him to write to you.
A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming
( )5. --- Jimmy is leaving for a holiday.
--- Really Where _______ he _______
A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. would; go
( )6. Frank _______ to see his grandma if he _______ free tomorrow.
A. will come; will be B. comes; is
C. will come; is D. comes; will be
( )7. There _______ a talk on science in our school next Monday.
A. will give B. will be C. is going to give D. is
( )8. --- Shall we go shopping now
--- Sorry, I can’t. I _______ my shirts.
A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing
( )9. I believe that those mountains _______ with trees in a few years’ time.
A. are covered B. will be covered C. are covering D. will cover
( )10. It is said that about 400 cars _______ in the factory next month.
A. were produced B. will produce C. are produced D. will be produced
( )11. --- Are you free this afternoon
--- No. I’ll have an English composition _______ this afternoon.
A. to write B. wrote C. to be writing D. to be written
( )12. --- Come back home every month.
--- I _______.
A. will B. must C. should D. can
( )13. A robot _______ think of itself; it _______ be told what to do.
A. can’t; must B. couldn’t; can C. may not; will D. mustn’t, may
参考答案【一般将来时专练】
1-5 BBBCB 6-10 CBDBD 11-13 AAA
********************************************************结束
一般过去时专练
( )1. The mother asked the boy _______ down the ladder, but he went on _______ instead.
A. come; climbing B. to come; to climb
C. to come; climbing D. coming; climbing
( )2. The teacher asked the students to close the windows _______ the wind from _______ the papers away.
A. to stop; blowing B. stopping; blowing
C. to stop; blow D. stopped; blow
( )3. The sick man stayed in bed, _______ very terrible.
A. felt B. feeling C. is feeling D. was feeling
( )4. Yesterday I heard a story _______ by my friend.
A. told B. telling C. to tell D. tell
( )5. The boy was made _______ there for an hour by his father.
A. standing B. stand C. to stand D. stands
( )6. I saw him _______ into the small store.
A. went B. going C. to go D. has gone
( )7. He raised his voice to make everybody in the room ______ him clearly.
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
( )8. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth _______ around the sun.
A. was moving B. moved C. has moved D. moves
( )9. Oh, it’s you. I’m sorry I _______ know you _______ here.
A. don’t; are B. didn’t; are C. didn’t; were D. don’t; were
( )10. Mr LuXun died in 1936. He _______ a lot of famous novels.
A. wrote B. was writing C. has written D. would write
( )11. --- How was your weekend on the farm
--- Great! We _______ with the farmers.
A. enjoy ourselves B. went fishing C. will work D. make friends
( )12. --- What did Mr Jones do before he moved here
--- He _______ a city bus for over twenty-five years.
A. is driving B. drove C. has driven D. drives
( )13. Jane _______ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai.
A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy
( )14. --- Liu Mei can’t come tonight.
--- Why But she _______ me she would come.
A. tells B. told C. is told D. had told
( )15. He turned off the light and then _______.
A. leaves B. has left C. will leave D. left
**********************************************
参考答案【一般过去时专练】
1-5 CABAC 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BBCBD
********************************************************结束
完成时专练
( )1. How long have you _______ here
A. come B. got C. arrived D. been
( )2. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my2 B. for2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.
( )3. I have ______ the car for a year.
A. bought B. sold C. had D. buy
( )4. China has ________ the host for the 2008 Olympic Games since July 13, 2001
A. become B. been C. became D. turned
( )5. ______ the supermarket _____ for long ----No. It ____ half a year ago.
Has… opened / was open B. Is …opened/ was…opened
C. Has… been open /opened D. was…opened/ was…opened
( )6. I’m sorry to hear that the girl ______ home for 2 days.
A. left B. is away from C. has left D. has been away from
( )7. They have ______ the League.
A. joined B. been C. joined in D. take part in
( )8. ---Where are the Greeks ----They ________ for a few minutes.
A. have gone B. have been here C. have been away D. have disappeared
( )9. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been B. gone C. went D. never been
( )10. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.
A. after B. since C. for D. that
( )11.---Who will go to the station to meet Lorry ---I will. I _____ her several times.
A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet
( )12. It’s 7:00. I can’t believe you ________ to school yet, Tony.
A. have gone B. haven’t gone C. don’t go D. did go
( )13. ---What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it ---Just 2 weeks.
A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had
( )14.---Do you know Lydia very well
---Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned
( )15. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.
A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
( )16. ---Hello, this is Mr Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr Black
--- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to
( )17. ---How long have you _____ --- Since 1990.
bought the MP4 B. joined the Party
C. become a midfield player D. lived in the town
( )18. ---Where is Allen --- He ____ America on business. He ___ back in 2 weeks.
A. has gone to, comes B. has been to, will be
C. has gone to, will be D. has been to, will come
( )19. His grandma _______ for a year.
A. died B. has been dead C. has been death D. was died
( )20. What ________ with the clothes
A. has been done B. has done C. have done D. have been done
( )21. ---Nancy, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening
--- No, I won’t. I _____ it already.
A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see
( )22. ----____ you ever ____ to the US --- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going
( )23. Look! What a clean room! Who ______ it
A. has tidied B. is tidying C. will tidy D. tidied
( )24. The EXPO(世博园) ________hundreds of millions of visitors since it opened.
A. attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract
( )25. ----How is your grandma I _____her for long. ----She’s fine, but busy.
A. missed B. have met C. haven’t seen D. didn’t see
( )26. ---What are you going to do this weekend --- I ____ yet.
A. haven’t decided B. didn’t decide C. have decided D. didn’t decide
( )27. ---- _____ you ______ your lunch --- Yes. I _______ it at 1:00 pm.
A. Did, have B. Have, had C. Are, having D. were, having
( )28. Everyone _______ the Great Wall before.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. have been to
( )29. We have lived here ________ 5 years ago.
A. for B. since C. in D. before
( )30. ---Where have you _______ these days
--- I have _____ to Dalian with my family.
A. been, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. gone, gone
中考链接
( )31. How long have you _____ this book （哈尔滨）
A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent
（ ）32. ---- Where’s Peter --- He ______ to Nanjing. （沈阳）
A. is going B. has been C. has gone D. went
( ) 33. You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, ________
A. haven’t you B. have you C. do you D. don’t you
( )34. ---I have watched the game. ---When _____ you _____ it
A. have, watched B. do, watch C. did, watch D. will, watch
( )35.The old ________ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week.
A. don’t feel B. hasn’t felt C. haven’t felt D. didn’t feel
( )36.His sister ______ her hometown for three years. She’ll return next year.
A. left B. has left C. has been away D. has been away from
( )37.I ______ to Canada twice. It’s so beautiful.
A. won’t go B. have gone C. don’t go D. have been
( )38. Peter says that the whites are on holiday, but no one knows _______.
A. where they have been B. they went where
C. where are they from D. where they have gone
( )39. --- How long have you -______ the book --- For several weeks
A. bought B. borrowed C. lent D. kept
( )40 . ---Has the match started --- Started Finished! Guo Yue ______.
A. is winning B. wins C. will win D. has won
***************************************
参考答案
1-5 DCCBC 6-10 DACBB 11-15 BBDCC 16-20 BDCBA
21-25 BBACC 26-30 ABABB 31-35 CCBCC 36-40 DDDDD
**********************************************************结束
时态综合训练
I、选择填空
（ ）1. It ______ 3 years since he left us.
A. is B. has been C. was D. were
( ) 2. 15 years ________ since I became a teacher.
A. passed B. has past C. have passed D. has passed
( )3. They told us that they ________ three hundred trees by the time the workers got there.
A. have planted B. planted C. had planted D. were planting
( )4. My daughter won’t go to sleep until I _______ back.
A. go B. goes C. have gone D. will go
( )5. Kitty ________ games while I was cooking.
A. plays B. was playing C. make D. does
( )6. What ______ they doing then on the hill
A. are B. were C. is D. was
( )7. He ________ his homework this time yesterday.
A． does B. was doing C. is doing D. is
( )8.The letter _______ a week ago and it______ yesterday.
A. posted; arrived B. was posted; arrived
C. is posted; arrived D. has posted; has arrived
( )9.They ________ friends since they met in Shanghai.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned
( )10. The workers __________ many toys in the factory last year.
A. invent B. invented C. invention D. inventing
( )11. Neither you nor he ________ New York city.
A. has gone to B. have gone to C. have been to D. has been to
( )12. By ten o’clock yesterday they _______ at the airport.
A. had arrived B. have arrived C. shall arrive D. arrive
( )13. I got up very late this morning. There _______ no time to have breakfast.
A. had B. has C. was D. is
( )14. So far we ________ the moon.
A. gets to B. arrived C. have reached D. have arrived
( )15. I _______ for them at the school gate ______ it began to rain.
A. didn’t wait, until B. didn’t wait, when
C. waited, until D. waited, because
( )16. He said a new school _________ in two weeks.
A. will be built B. would be built C. had built D. was being built
( )17. Two-thirds of the work __________ by the computer last week.
A. are done B. is done C. were done D. was done
( )18. He ________ his bag in the library this morning.
A. forgot B. lost C. had left D. left
( )19. My brother ______ while he _______ his bicycle and hurt himself.
A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding
C. had fallen, rode D. had fallen, was riding
( )20. “ Did you catch the bus ” “No, when I ______ there, the bus ________.”
A. gets, has left B. got, left C. got, had left D. had got, left
( )21. --- She hasn’t washed the car, has she
--- No, she hasn’t. But she said she ______ it after supper.
A. had washed B. washes C. will wash D. was going to wash
( )22. --- _____ will you finish writing the article
--- In two days.
A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How fast
( )23. Someone _____ at he door when she was cooking in the kitchen.
A. had knocked B. has knocked C. knocked D. was knocking
( )24. ---- Where is Teddy now --- He ____ his bike in the yard.
A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing D. fixed
( )25. Noddy ________ a film if he’s free next Sunday.
A. see B. saw C. has seen D. will see
( )26. The photo ________ nice.
A. looks B. is looked C. look D. is looking
( )27. Great changes ______ in Shenyang during the past ten years.
A. have happened B. have been happened
C. happened D. was happened
( )28. The film _________ for five minutes.
A. has been B. has been on C. began D. has begun
( )29. Hurry! We _____ the train.
A. will miss B. miss C. missed D. have missed
( )30. Unless it ________tomorrow, I’ll go on foot.
A. doesn’t rain B. rains C. will rain D. won’t rain
( )31. _____ Mr White ___ the doctor the day before yesterday
A. Does, see B. Has, seen C. Will, see D. Did, see
( )32. I’ll visit my teacher when she ________.
A. will return B. return C. returns D. returned
( )33. ---What were they talking about when you ______ them
--- About Yao Ming.
A. see B. had seen C. saw D. were seeing
( )34.One of my classmates___ for England this Friday.Shall we go to see her off at the airport
A. are leaving B. is left C. is leaving D. goes
( )35. Be quiet! Your father ________.
A. sleeps B. sleeping C. is thinking D. was working.
( )36. Everyone except Tom and Johnny ____ there when the meeting began.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
( )37. What does the sentence “ Don’t trouble trouble till trouble _____ you.” mean
A. trouble B. troubles C. will trouble D. troubled
( )38. ---I hear your father ____ to Japan once.
---Yes, he_______ there last year.
A. went, has been B. has gone, went
C. has been, went D. had gone, has been
( )39. ---Could you go to buy some salt for me
---Sorry, mum. I ____ my homework.
A. am doing B. do C. will finish D. have finished
( )40. --- What ______ under the bed, Tim
--- Oh, Where ‘s my other sock, dad
A. do you do B. are you doing C. have you done D. did you do
II 用适当的动词形式填空。
She kept the radio when she ______(do) homework.
–She was reading newspapers.
--What __you ___(do)
3 Lao Wang told the policeman that he _____(listen) to the radio at that time.
4. I ______(use)to be a teacher but now ______(be) a manager.
While I ______(run)along. A dog suddenly ______(run) across the road.
Last night my father _____(read) a book while my mother ______(sew).
What _____you _____ (do) the whole Sunday I ______(go)over my lessons.
When I _____ (get)home, the telephone bell _____(ring)
It was Sunday and we _________ (sit) at the table when father suddenly _________(smile) and ___________(say) to us, “ Oh, dear me, I forgot __________(tell) you the good news. There is a letter from Granny. She ___________(come) to see us this afternoon. I ________(meet) her at the station, “ with these words he went out.
How happy we _________(be)! We ___________(not see ) Granny for half a year and ____________(miss) her very much. After lunch my mother and I ___________(go) shopping. We ___________(buy) a lot of food that Granny liked. My sister __________(clean) the house. It ___________(be) four o’clock when we ____________(finish) and we ___________(sit) around the table, ____________(wait) for Granny. At last the door __________(open) and in came my father, alone. “Where _________(be) Granny “ We ___________(ask). Father _________(laugh) and ___________(say), “ April Fools !” “ Today ___________(be) April 1st. April Fool’s Day.”
***************************
参考答案
综合练习
I、 1-5 ADCAB 6-10 BBBCB 11-15 DACCC 16-20 BDDAC
21-25 DBCCD 26-30 AABAB 31-35 DCCCC 36-40 BBCAB
II、
1. was doing 2. were doing 3. was listening 4. used , am
5. was running, ran 6. was reading , was sewing
7. were doing,was going 8. got, was ringing
9. were sitting , smile , said, to tell, is coming, am going to meet,
were , hadn’t seen , missed, went, bought, cleaned, was, finished,
sat, waiting, opened, is,, asked, laughed, said, is
*********************************************************结束学生姓名：鲁晓宇 年级：初三 任教学科：英语 教学次数：1 教学时间：2014/02/09 13:00-15:00
指导教师：江洪 教学模式：小班 教学地点：滨湖区万达 新区宝龙 胡埭校区
初中英语语法
动词的种类 按其作用可分为行为动词（实义动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词
行为动词（实义动词） 行为动词意义完整，能独立用作谓语
e.g. The sun shone brightly this morning.
连系动词 连系动词本身有一定的意义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有be，become，get，look，seem，feel，smell，sound，keep，become，turn，fall等 e.g. She is a good swimmer.
助动词 助动词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其他语法形式。常见的助动词有be，have(has)，do(does)，will(would)，shall(should)
助动词的基本形式
原形 一般式 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
be am was been being
is
are were
have have had had having
has
do does did done doing
do
shall shall should
will will would
2.助动词的用法
助动词be的用法
be后面跟现在分词构成各种进行时态
e.g. My mother is cooking in the chicken.
be后面跟过去分词构成被动语态
e.g. This bridge was built twenty years ago.
be后面跟动词不定式表示根据安排要发生的事情
e.g. We are to have an English evening next week.
助动词have的用法
have后面跟过去分词构成完成时态
e.g. I have been to the teachers’ office.
have后面跟动词不定式构成谓语，表示因客观环境而不得不做的事情
e.g. It’s raining hard. She has to stay at home.
助动词do的用法
用来构成疑问句和否定句
e.g. I don’t think you are right.我认为你不对。
用来加强语气，起强调作用，一般解释为“一定要”，“真的”
e.g. Do come and see me.
用来代替前面刚提到的动词以避免重复
e.g. I work harder than he does.
助动词shall/should与will/would的用法
shall构成一般将来时，should构成过去将来时，用于第一人称，后接动词原形。
e.g. We shall visit the Science Museum next month.\ He asked me if I should take part in the sports meet.
will构成一般将来时，would构成过去将来时，用于第二、三人称，后接动词原形
e.g. The weather report says that there will be heavy rain tomorrow afternoon.
【注】现代英语有一个明显的发展趋势，就是第一人称用shall表示将来时间已越来越少，大量采用will，它在陈述句中能用于所有人称，即使是第一人称疑问句也用will。
e.g. We will set off soon. \ Will I be able to go out tomorrow.
情态动词 情态动词本身有词义，表示说话人对某种动作和状态的看法，但不能独立作谓语，和动词原形一起构成谓语，情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
几个常用情态动词的用法
情态动词can(could)的用法
表示智力、体力方面的能力
e.g. He can speak both English and French.
在口语中，can常代替may，表示“许可”、“可以”
e.g. Can I use your computer
can有时意为可能，表示说话人的“怀疑”、“猜测”或“不肯定”，常用于否定句或疑问句
e.g. Can the news be true
could可代表can表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转
e.g. Could you please ring up again at six
【注】 ⒈be able to可以和can(could)表示同样意思
e.g. No one can do it.=No one is able to do it.
⒉表示将来或其他时间的能力和做具体一件事的能力时要用be able to，
e.g. Will you be able to come tonight
情态动词may(might)的用法
表示允许或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思 e.g. You may go now.
【注】回答带有may的疑问句时，否定式常用must not(mustn’t)，表示“不可以”、“禁止”的意思
e.g. —May I take this magazine out of the reading-room —No, you mustn’t.
表示说话人的猜测，认为某一件事“或许”、“可能”发生 e.g. You may be right.
Might也可以代替may，表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定
e.g. It might rain this afternoon.
情态动词must和have to的用法
表示“必须”，“应当” e.g. We must be strict in our work.
must的否定形式must not\mustn’t，表示“不可以”、“禁止”的意思，语气比较强烈。
回答must的疑问句时，否定式常用need not\needn’t或don’t have，表示“不必”、“用不着”
e.g. —Must we hand in our exercise today？ —No，you needn’t.
表示说话人对事物的推测，比may语气肯定得多，意为“一定”、“准是”
e.g. She must know how to solve the problem.
have to表示“不得不”、“必须”的意思，它比must更含有“客观条件时的必须如此做”的意思，并有较多的时态
e.g. She has to do a lot of housework every day.
情态动词should的用法
表示劝告、建议，常译为“应当”
e.g. You should listen to the doctor’s advice.
表示预测，常译为“可能”
e.g. They should be here by now.
情态动词need的用法
need作为情态动词，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“需要”、“必须”
e.g. You needn’t come here so early tomorrow.
need可用作实义动词，其否定形式要借助don’t，doesn’t或didn’t；疑问形式要借助do，does或did
e.g. Do you need any help
情态动词will\would的用法
用于疑问句,一般用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问
e.g. Will you have another cup of coffee
表示“意愿”、“决心”等，可用于各种人称
e.g. I’ll do my best.
用would时语气比will委婉
e.g. Would you please pass me the ruler
情态动词shall的用法
在疑问句中，情态动词shall用于第一、三人称，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示
e.g. Shall we go out for a walk
2012中考真题欣赏
【2012贵州铜仁】
31.You ________ stop when the traffic light turns red.
A. can B. had better C. need D. must
【2012贵州毕节】
30. When winter comes, days get ______.
A. long and long B. short and short C. longer and longer D. shorter and shorter
【2012福建福州】
41. — Mum, must I stay there the whole day
— No, you____________. You____________come back after lunch, if you like.
A. mustn't; can B. needn't; must C. needn't; may
【2012贵州贵阳】
45. “Whose notebook is this ” “It _______ Jim’s. It has his name on it.”
A. can’t be B. must be C. can be
【2012.安徽省】
42. There's enough time for you to go to the airport. You______ hurry now.
A. should B. needn't C. must D. can't
【2012北京】
27. —Mum, must I wash the dishes right now
—No, you ____.
A. shouldn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
【2012甘肃鸡西市】
31. —Is that your teacher
—That_____be Mr.Wang. He has gone to Japan with his wife.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. may not
【2012广东】
34. — I swim here
— I'm sorry. Children swim alone here.
A. Must; can't B. May; must C. Can; mustn't D. Can't; can
【2012贵州安顺】
18.——You can hardly swim，_____you
——_____．But my mother says she’ll teach me during my summer holiday．
A．can’t；No B．can；No C．can’t；Yes D．can；Yes
【2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔】
31. —Is that your teacher
—That _____be Mr.Wang. He has gone to Japan with his wife.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. may not
【2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔】
33. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs _____it every day.
A. practise to speak B. to practise speaking C. practise speaking
【2011湖北恩施】
35. —Is that girl under the tree Mary
—No, that ______be Mary. She is in New York.
A. can B. mustn’t C. can’t
【2012 湖北黄石】
36.Is Maria kocking at the door
It______be her. She is in Australia now.
A.may not B.needn't C.mustn't D.can't
【2012·湖北·荆州】
21. — Shall we take a taxi
— No, we . It’s not far from here.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C, shouldn’t D. needn’t
【2012·湖北·武汉】
35. －You _____ be happy with the strong public support you"ve received.
－Yes,you"re right.I"m really excited.　　
A.mayB.can C.mustD.need
【2012湖北咸宁】
26. Tom, you _______ play with the knife．You______ hurt yourself．B
A. won't; can't B. mustn't; may
C. shouldn't; must D. can't; should
【2012湖北咸宁】
27.―Jim, can you _______ this word in Chinese B
―Yes, I can_______ a little Chinese.
A. speak; say B. say; speak C. tell; speak D. talk; say
【2012湖北宜昌】
33. —My brother won the first prize in speech competition. —Congratulations! You be excited about that! A. need B. must C. would D. can
【2012湖南常德】
25. In competition, as in life, you _______ not always win.
A. may B. shall C. must
【2011湖南株洲】
26. That man ______ be my English teacher. He has gone to Canada.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t
【2012江苏淮安】
6.— Must we wear our school uniform this afternoon
—No, you . All of us will go on an outing.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
【2012江苏连云港】
4.—Meng Fei had his arm broken while recording If You Are the One in Beijing.
—Really Then perhaps he host TV programs for some time.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t
【2012江苏南京】
5. -----Have you decided which senior high school to choose
------Not yet. I go to Moonlight School.
A. must B. may C. need D. should
【2012江苏苏州】
7. —I hear you’ve got a new iPhone 4S. ______ I have a look
—Yes, certainly.
A. May B. Do C. Shall D. Should
【2012江苏无锡】
6. The lady in this photo be over fifty! She looks so young!
A. mustn’t B. must C. can’t D. can
【2012江苏宿迁】
16. —Must I do my homework now, Mum
— . You can do it tomorrow.
A. No, you needn’t B. No, you mustn’t
C. Yes, you need D. Yes, you must
【2012江苏盐城】
6.— Dad, must I practice the piano today
— No, you . You may do it tomorrow.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t
【2012江苏扬州】
8.— Excuse me, when are we going to have a picnic
— I’m not sure, Ask our monitor, please. He know.
A. need B. can C. may D. shall
【2012江苏镇江】
3. –I’m afraid I need a pair of glasses. I ____ hardly see the words on the blackboard.
- That’s terrible. You may have got poor eyesight.
A. can B. must C. may D. need
【2012江西】
30. Last year I ______ drive. I used to take the bus.
A. could B. couldn’t C. should D. shouldn’t
【2012辽宁大连】
9.In Britain, you ____ be 18 if you want to drive a car.
A.can B.must C.may D.might
【2012 内蒙古包头】
28. —You be excited that you’re going back to your hometown soon.
—Yes, I can’t wait any longer.
A. shall B. can C. need D. must
【2012 呼和浩特】
10. —______ I try on those shoes in the window
—______. They are just on show
A. Could; Yes, you can B. Can; Sorry, you couldn’t
C. Could; Sorry, you can’t D. Can; Yes, you could
配套练习题
( ) 1. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he ______ speak it after calss.
A. could B. didn’t have to C. might D. shouldn’t
( ) 2. –Must we hand in the papers now --No, you ______.
A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. needn’t
( ) 3. John ______ go there with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure about it.
A. must B. can C. will D. may
( ) 4. Even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem. So it ______ be very difficult.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
( ) 5. Put on more clothes. You ______ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. could C. would D. must
( ) 6. It’s still early. You ______.
mustn’t hurry B. wouldn’t hurry
C. may not hurry D. don’t have to hurry
( ) 7. –May I stop here --No, you ______.
A. mustn’t B. might not C. needn’t D. won’t
( ) 8. A computer ______ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
( ) 9. –Could I borrow your dictionary -- Yes, of course you _______.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
( ) 10. Peter ______ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
( )11. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he’s much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
( ) 12. ______ I know your name
A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Must
( ) 13. You ______ be more careful next time.
A. have to B. may C. must D. might
( ) 14. You ______ miss the lesson, though we ______ have it on Thursday.
A. mustn’t; needn’t B. needn’t; mustn’t C. mustn’t; mustn’t D. needn’t; needn’t
( ) 15. This pen looks like mine, yet it isn’t. whose ______ it be
A. must B. may C. would D. can
( ) 16. What kinds of homes will we live in the future Nobody ______ be sure, but scientists are working out new ideas now.
A. will B. may C. can D. must
( ) 17. A teacher ______ do every exercise, but a student must.
A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t
( )18. The matter ______ be changed into a gas, but it _______ be heated to its boiling point.
A. may; needn’t B. may; can C. mustn’t; needn’t D. can; must
( ) 19. Teachers and students ______ look coldly at you for a day or two, but there are friendly feelings in their hearts.
A. must B. can C. may D. should
( ) 20. Cars and buses ______ stop when the traffic lights turn red.
A. can B. need C. may D. must
( ) 21. –Do you think his story ______ true --I don’ think so. But it sounds good.
A. must be B. may be C. can be D. has to be
( )22. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You ______ cut your finger.
A. need B. must C. should D. may
( ) 23. –How long ______ the book be kept
--For two weeks, but you ______ return it on time.
A. can; may B. may; need C. can; must D. must; need
( ) 24. – May I have an apple, Mum
--Certainly. But you ______ wash your hands first
A. may B. must C. can D. need
( ) 25. --______ the man there be our new teacher
--He ______ be, but I’m not sure.
A. May; mustn’t B. Can; may C. Must; can’t D. Can; can’t
( ) 26. –Somebody is knocking at the door. Who ______ it be
--It ______ be Tom. He is still in the school.
A. can; can’t B. can; mustn’t C. might; could D. might; may
短语动词的类型
动词+介词（用作及物动词，后跟宾语），此类短语动词有wait for，look for，look after，look at，look into，agree to，agree with，hear from等
e.g. He looked after us very well.
动词+副词（有的用作及物动词，有的用作不及物动词），此类短语有find out，give up，hand in，hurry up，knock down，leave behind，look out，look up，put on，slow down，think over，try on，try out，wake up，work out等
e.g. He called up the man.
【注】当这类短语动词的宾语是名词时，它可以置于短语动词之后， 置于短语动词之中。但若宾语是代词担任时，则其只能置于短语动词之中。
e.g. Can I try them on, please
动词+副词+介词 此类短语有catch up with，come out of，do away with，get down to，get on with，keep up with，look forward to，put up with等
e.g. I can’t put up with these noisy people.
动词+名词+介词
此类短语有catch hold of，have pity on，make friends with，make fun of，make room for，pay a visit to，pay attention to，play a part in，take care of，take interest in，take part in，take hold of等
e.g. The elder sister takes care of the young children.
动词+介词+名词
此类短语有come to life，bring to an end，go to bed，take by surprise，set on fire，get in touch等
e.g. The cigarette set the house on fire.
be+形容词+介词
此类短语有be afraid of，be fond of，be angry with/at，be strict with，be good at，be worried about，be weak in，be interested in，be proud of，be tired of，be sick of，be surprised at等
e.g. She was afraid of snakes.
及物动词和不及物动词
及物动词必须带宾语，表示动作的对象
e.g. I like music.
不及物动词不能或不需带宾语
e.g. The wind is blowing hard.
多数动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词
e.g. I hear your father has left Beijing for Tokyo.(及物动词)
When did he leave (不及物动词)
2012中考真题欣赏
【2012福建福州】
34. It was such a funny show that people couldn't help ____________again and again.
A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing
【2012福建福州】
42. — It's time for the weather report. Could I _____________ the TV, Dad
— Go ahead, please. I also want to know about the weather for tomorrow.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down
【2012贵州贵阳】
38. When you leave the reading room, you should remember to ______ the lights.
A. turn on B. turn down C. turn off
【2012贵州贵阳】
42. Jimmy has sixteen broken bikes to _______ and give away to kids who don’t have bikes.
A. fix up B. set up C. put up
【2012.安徽省】
45.-- Smoking is bad for your health.
--You're right. I decide to_________.
A. take it down B. find it out C. turn it off D. give it up
【2012甘肃鸡西市】
25. My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please_____the radio
A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on
【2012广东】
41. I love this song by Lady Gaga. Would you the TV a bit, please I can't hear it clearly.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down
【2012贵州安顺】
28.Mrs. Wang always asks us to _____ conversations in the English classes．
A．make up B．turn up C．end up D．look up
【2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔】
25. My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please _____the radio
A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on
【2012 湖北黄石】
32.We should learn how to ______well with people around us.
A.get along B.get down C.get to D.get up
【2012·湖北·荆州】
28. — I don’t think we can find a new day to work out the problem.
— But we’d better not .
A. end up B. hand out C. give up D. put out
【2012湖北十堰】
36. ---Peter, the light in your room ____________ the whole night. What were you doing
---Oh, I was busy writing a report.
A. turns on B. turned on C. is on D. was on
【2012·湖北·武汉】
40. After winning the badminton championship at Wuhan Sports Center in May, the Chinese players" faces _____ with joy.
A. made up B. took up C. put up D. lit up
【2012湖北孝感】
37. Lee all night in order to watch the football match between France and Italy.
A. put up B. stayed up C. got up D. showed up
【2011湖南株洲】
23. It’s cold outside. You’d better ______ your coat.
A. put on B. take off C. put away
【2012江苏淮安】
12. It’s cold outside. You’d better your coat and scarf.
A. work out B. put out C. have on D. put on
【2012江苏连云港】
13.—Excuse me, Sir. But smoking is not allowed here.
— Sorry, I didn’t see the sign. I’ll my cigarette at once.
A. put out B. put away C. put up D. put off
【2012江苏苏州】
14. Maggie wanted an evening job that would allow her to ______ her son during the day.
A. look at B. look around C. look after D. look out
【2012江苏宿迁】
10. —Allen, your bedroom is in a mess
—Sorry, Mum I’ll my things at once.
A. put on B. put away C. put out D. put up
【2012江苏徐州】
5. Don’t forget to take your bag when you the bus.
A. get off B. take off C. turn off D. put off
【2012江苏盐城】
8. Cao Wenxuan’s new book has just . Let’s go and buy one
A. come over B. come down C. come on D. come out
【2012江苏扬州】
10.—Don’t , my children. Keep working hard and you will win the match.
—Thank you, Mr. Zhang. We’ll try our best.
A. put up B. call up C. set up D. give up\
【2012江西】
34. More and more students ______ too much homework and they are really tired of it.
A. complain about B. care about C. learn about D. hear about
【2012辽宁大连】
13.David wrote a story about teenage life, and it ____ as a book in 2003.
A.went out B.came up C.grew up D.came out
【2012 内蒙古包头】
22. Can go and find out when the plane to New York
A. puts off B. gets off C. takes off D. breaks off
【2012 呼和浩特】
13. —Which hobby do you think ______ the least time
—Collecting stamps.
A. takes up B. tidies up C. gives up D. makes up
【2012年福建省福州市】
42. -- It's time for the weather report. Could I _______ the TV, Dad
-- Go ahead, please. I also want to know about the weather for tomorrow.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down
配套练习题
根据句意,从所给的选项中选出最佳选项。
( )1. —How long may I ________ the dictionary —For two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. buy D. keep
( )2. —Do you think our basketball team will win the match
—They have better players, but I still _______ our team to win.
A. hope B. ask C. help D. expect
( )3. Mrs. Zhao doesn’t know what time it is because she has _______ her watch in the hotel.
A. stayed B. forgot C. left D. took
( )4. She likes traveling by air but it ________ too much.
A. pays B. costs C. takes D. spends
( )5. I don’t like this skirt. Please ________ me another.
A. show B. try C. put D. look
( )6. It ______ me about two days to finish reading the novel.
A. used B. took C. paid D. spent
( )7. Do you know the boy ________ under the big tree
A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying
( )8. My mother used to ________ me two stories at least before I went to bed.
A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk
( )9. —May I speak to Alan, please —I’m afraid he isn’t in. Would you like to___ a message
A. take B. tell C. write D. leave
( )10. We had twenty miles to walk to ________ the nearest railway station.
A. get B. arrive C. reach D. return
( )11. I’m hungry. I’d like something to ________.
A. see B. read C. eat D. drink
( )12. We _______ carefully but we could _________ nothing.
A. heard; listen B. heard; listen to C. listened; hear D. listened to; hear
( )13. Can she ________ the difference between the two words
A. speak B. say C. talk D. tell
( )14. There’s going to _______ an English Speech Competition in our school next Friday. A. have B. be C. open D. hold
( )15. —Do you like the songs sung by Backstreet Boys —Yes. They _______ really beautiful.
A. feel B. sound C. listen D. hear
( )16. My computer doesn’t _______. Can you ________ for me
A. use; save it B. move; fix it C. walk; repair it D. work; fix it up
( )17. All of us helped her with her English, so she didn’t _________.
A. fall off B. fall down C. fall behind D. fall over
( )18. _________ my father’s help, I learned to ride the bicycle.
A. Thank to B. Thanks for C. Thank D. Thanks to
( )19. The old man asked his son to _________ the new word himself in a dictionary.
A. look for B. look up C. look at D. look into
( )20. Jonny came here to _________ that everything was all right.
A. think over B. look over C. try out D. make sure
( )21. It is quite warm in the room. Why don’t you ________ your coat
A. take away B. take out C. take off D. take down
( )22. There are some apples under the tree. Please ________
A. put them up B. put up them C. pick up them D. pick them up
( )23. I think teachers are the most hardworking people. Do you ___________ me
A. go on with B. catch up with C. agree with D. laugh at
( )24. Be careful! Don’t _________ your mother’s glasses to the ground.
A. drop B. fall C. make D. throw
( )25. He couldn’t ________Chinese, so I _________ with him in English.
A. say; spoke B. talk; told C. speak; talked D. tell; talked
( )26. Hurry up, or you will ________ the ship.
A. catch B. take C. lose D. miss
( )27. Please _________ before you cross the road.
A. look up B. look yourself C. look around D. look again
( )28. Finally, the plane _________ safely at the airport in Chicago.
A. took B. stopped C. landed D. reached
( )29. Although her grandmother _________ for about five years, she still misses her very much.
A. has died B. dead C. died D. has been dead
( )30. —I’m afraid his radio is too noisy. Will you please _______ him to ________ —Sure.
A. make; turn it off B. allow; turn it on
C. ask; turn it down D. keep; turn it up
( )31. —Can I ________ your motorbike —Yes, of course. But you mustn’t ____ it to others.
A. have; borrow B. borrow; lend C. carry; lend D. use; keep
( )32. Lucy, could you please help me __________ the map on the wall We need it now.
A. put away B. put on C. put off D. put up
( )33. He ________ hard and finally ________ the language well.
A. studied; learned B. learned; studied
C. learns; learned D. studies; studied
( )34. —This car was _________ Tokyo. —Oh, how cool it looks!
A. made by B. made of C. made into D. made in
( )35. The headteacher asked the students to stop ________ and _________ to her.
A. to talk; listened B. talking; listen C. talking; listening D. to talk; listen
( )36. The little boy __________ the wall and hurt his leg.
A. fell of B. fall from C. fell off D. fall down
( )37. The train leaves at 10:20, and it’s ten o’clock now. I think we shall _________ it.
A. take B. make C. have D. meet
( )38. My sister ________ in America. I’ll _______ with her for a few days this summer.
A. lives; stay B. stay; live C. stay; stay D. lives; live
( )39. I often ________ my friends but seldom write back to them because I’m too busy.
A. hear of B. hear about C. hear from D. hear
( )40. Mr. Black has visited the Summer Palace. I am going to ________ him somewhere else this afternoon.
A. take B. bring C. push D. carry
( )41. —Will you please ________ the article to me this evening
—What about tomorrow My computer doesn’t work today.
A. have B. answer C. take D. e-mail
( )42. I didn’t go to the park yesterday because my mother asked me to ___ the sick dog at home.
A. look at B. look through C. look after D. look like
( )43. The doctor advised my father to __________ smoking.
A. open up B. put up C. give up D. make up
( )44. I _________ boiled water ________ beverage.
A. like; than B. prefer; to C. prefer; than D. like; to
( )45. If we can ________ the football team from Class 1, we will _______ the first place.
A. beat; beat B. win; beat C. beat; win D. win; win
( )46. I ________ him to get to the hospital as soon as possible.
A. wish B. hope C. think D. let
( )47. He tried to _________ the words on the blackboard, but he couldn’t ___ them clearly.
A. have a look; see B. see; look C. look at; see D. see; look at
( )48. The girl was ______ her pet dog while her mother was ________ the violin.
A. playing; playing B. playing; playing with
C. playing with; playing D. playing with; playing with
( )49. The little girl _______ a new pair of pants today.
A. dresses B. puts on C. is dressed D. is wearing
( )50. Linda _________ at ten last night and soon ________ because she was too tired.
A. fell asleep; went to bed B. slept; went to bed
C. went to bed; fell asleep D. fell asleep; slept
( )51. This poem __________ his new book.
A. comes across B. comes from C. comes by D. comes over to
( )52. Miss Brown isn’t here. She _________ London.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. was in
( )53. The earth is our home. We must _________ the land, air and water clean.
A. change B. share C. notice D. keep
( )54. You should _________ your voice.
A. keep out B. keep down C. keep fit D. keep silence
动词的基本形式
动词有四种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词规则动词的过去式和过去分词是在原形动词后面加-ed构成，现在分词是在原形动词后面加-ing构成
规则动词加-ed构成过去式和过去分词的情况及其读音详见下表：
词形 读音 在清辅音后读/t/ 在元音和浊辅音后读/d/ 在辅音/t//d/后读/id/
一般动词加-ed asked, helped, finished, worked played, answered, opened, called, entered wanted, needed, repeated
以e结尾的动词后加-d hoped, liked lived, died, tied, changed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y改为i，再加-ed studied, tried, carried, cried, worried
以重度闭音节或r结尾而且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ed stopped, dropped planned, referred, begged regretted, permitted, admitted
规则动词加-ing构成现在分词的情况详见下表：
词 形 加-ing 例 词
一般动词 加-ing see—seeing，ski—skiing
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词 先去e，再加-ing become—becoming，use—using
以重度闭音节结尾，末尾又只有一个辅音字母的动词 将末尾辅音字母双写，再加-ing begin—beginning， sit—sitting，plan—planning，stop—stopping
以ie结尾的动词 将ie变为y，再加-ing die—dying，lie—lying，tie—tying
不规则动词 则详见不规则动词表
不规则动词表
现在式 过去式 过去分词
am, is was been
are were been
babysit babysat babysat
become became become
bend bent bent
begin began begun
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
burn burnt/burned burnt/burned
buy bought bought
can could -
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
dig dug dug
do, does did done
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
freeze froze frozen
forgive forgave forgiven
get got got
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
has, have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lay laid laid
leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
light lit/lighted lit/lighted
lose lost lost
make made made
may might -
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read read read
retell retold retold
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
shake shook shaken
shall should -
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
smell smelt smelt
speak spoke spoken
spell spelt spelt
spend spent spent
spread spread spread
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
tread trod trod / trodden
understand understood understood
upset upset upset
wake woke/waked woken/waked
wear wore worn
will would -
win won won
write wrote written学生姓名：陆/鲁 年级：初二 任教学科：英语 教学次数：3/4 教学时间：2014/02/13 13:00-15:00
指导教师：江洪 教学模式：小班 教学地点：滨湖区万达 新区宝龙 胡埭校区
(一) 知识概要
动词在语言中是必不可少的一部分。它的语法现象也较多，但在初中范围主要有以下几方面问题。① 时态：初中范围主要有一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，过去完成时，将来时与过去将来时六种时态。② 语态：主动语态与被动语态。③ 助动词和情态动词。④ 非谓语动词，也就是不定式，动名词及现在分词的用法。?时态主要掌握以下几种时态的应用要点和习惯用法。
?1? 一般现在时：主要有以下三方面，① 用来表示状态，特征或不受时间限制的客观存在和真理。如：Matter exists in three states物质有三态。又如：The earth moves around the sun? ?② 表示习惯性和经常发生的动作，如：I often go to bed at 9∶３０? ③ 在时间、条件等状语从句中表示将来要发生的动作，如：As soon as I get there I'll telephone you.
?2? 一般过去时：①　主要用于表达过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，如：I was ill last week? ② 过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作，如：I used to get up at six.
? 3? 一般将来时：用于表示将要发生的动作，其构成方式① 用ｗill (shall)+动词原形来表达将来在某一时间内要发生，或经常、将要发生的动作或状态，如：School will begin on September 1st? ② 用be going to+动词原形，用来表示不久将要发生或打算去作的动作。如：?I'm? going to swim this afternoon? ③ be+现在分词，也就是用某些动词的现在进行时表示将来，如：?I'm? coming。这些动词只限于：go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, get to等动词。④ 在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
?4? 现在进行时：用于表示现在正在进行的动作，如：What are you doing now 要注意的是表示状态，情感的某些词没有现在进行时，这些动词有：like, have (有)，love, know, understand, remember, forget, see, hear, smell, taste, feel, wish hope, expect…
?5? 过去将来时：用来表达从过去某时间点上看将要发生的动作，如： He told me he would come to my party?
?6? 现在完成时与过去完成时：现在完成时的两个用处是：①　用来表达在过去开始的动作持续到现在，如：I've studied English for two years? ② 用来表达过去发生的事但它影响到现在，如：I haven't had my breakfast. so I'm hungry now? 现在完成时与过去完成时的区别在于动作的截止时间，现在完成时所表达的动作截止于现在，而过去完成时所表达的动作截止于过去。如：I haven't seen my old teacher for a long time? 我好久未见到我过去的老师了。是指到目前截止。如果加上一句话，则将变为过去完成时，如：Yesterday I saw my old teacher. I hadn't seen him for a long time. 因为我好久未见他这一情况截止于昨天。还要注意的一个问题是截止性动词可以有完成时，但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：When I got to school, the class had begun? 如果一定要讲开始几分钟了则要换用表示状态，或延续性动词，如：When I got to school, the class had been on for five minutes??语态：英语中只有主动语态与被动语态之分。主动语态，句子中的主语是动作的执行者，如：I broke the window? 而被动语态句子中的主语是主动语态句子中的宾语，如：The window was broken by me? 被动语态主要用于，动作的执行者不明确，或没有必要说出来，如：The New building was built last week? 关键要注意的是在主动语态中有省略不定式符号to的动词，在被动语态要还原，如： 主动语态 I saw him come in. 被动语态 He was seen to come in. ?助动词和情态动词：助动词本身没有词义，它只不过与实义动词一起构成谓语动词，形成了时态、语态、hand shaking (宾语补足语)
Hearing the noise, we stopped talking.(状语)
(二) 正误辨析
? 1.［误］ She laid down and soon fell asleep.
? 2.［误］ Please rise your hand.
? 3.［误］ I like to swim very much, but I don't like swimming this afternoon.
? 4.［误］ Stop! Did you listen to a strange voice
? 5.［误］ Did you watch some film recently
? 6.［误］ Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling.
? 7.［误］ How long can I borrow this book
? 8.［误］ We have won your class.
? 9.［误］ I left my key.
10.［误］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you.
? ? 要熟记的是在初中课文中与take有关的词组，如：? take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 取下?take off 脱下 take…out 拿出 take place 发生? take hold of 拿住 take part in 参加 take a seat 坐下?take one's place 替代 take a look 看看 take one's turn 轮流? take a message 捎信 take care of 照看 take it easy 别着急?take one's time 慢慢来 take one's temperature 测量体温
? 11.［误］ The policeman reached his gun.
? 要注意的是与get有关的词组有：? get back 回来 get in 收割 get into 进入 get off 下车? get on 上车 get out 出去get up 起床 get to 到达? get ready for=be ready for ? get on well with 与人相处融洽? get 加比较级为变得如何，例如：? get colder and colder.
? 12.［误］ This dictionary spent me five dollars.
? 13.［误］ In summer I always sleep with the windows opened.
14.［误］ Please wait a minute. I'm having on my clothes.
? 15.［误］ My computer can't begin. Could you find someone to help me
? 16［误］ I'm very glad because I have founded my lost key.
? 17.［误］ Please. Let's speak in English.
? 18.［误］ Can you speak it English
? 19.［误］ Can you say Japanese from Chinese
? 20.［误］ Excuse me, did I step on your foot
? 21.［误］ Would you care for to swim with us
? 在初中阶段学习与for有关的词组有：
? ask for 请求 call for 接人，请人 care for 关心?
go in for 从事 answer for 负责 look for 寻找
?wait for 等待 send for 请人 pay for 付款?
search for 寻找 leave for 去某地 prepare for 准备?
thank somebody for something 为某事向某人道谢。
? 22.［误］ Are you understanding it Yes, I got to it.
? 初中范围常用与to有关的动词词组如下：? belong to 属于 come to 苏醒 point to (at) 指着?get to 到达 refer to 谈到 stick to 坚持?lead to 导致 turn to 翻到 look forward to 期望?agree to 同意
? 23.［误］ The meat has gone badly.
? 24.［误］ The teacher said the earth moved around the sun.
? 25.［误］ I'll come to see you as soon as I'll be back.
? 26.［误］ I want to know whether you come to my party tomorrow or not.
? 27.［误］ What did you do at eight last night
? 28.［误］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them, because I have seen it before.
? 29.［误］ I'm feeling well now.
? 30.［误］ When have you done this work
? 31.［误］ This is our new English teacher. He has gone to many foreign countries.
? 32.［误］ I have borrowed this book for two weeks.
? 33.［误］ Have you understood the lessons
? 34.［误］ It was said that the Second World War was broken out in 1939.
? 35.［误］ When I walked along the street. I happened to meet an old friend.
? 36［误］ He was seen come into the book store.
? 37.［误］ How nice the book is! Is it sold well
? 38.［误］ Must I do it now No. you mustn't.
? 39.［误］ Is this book yours Yes, It's.
? 40.［误］ I'll have my bike repair tomorrow.
? 41.［误］ I'll get my brother repair the bike for you.
? 42.［误］ I have to study on Saturday but I haven't to study a full day?
? 43.［误］ Is Tom in the classroom No. He mustn't be in the classroom, because I saw him talking with our teacher in the office just now.
? 44.［误］ My grandpa is over eighty but he is able to read without glasses.
? 45.［误］ She doesn't answer the doorbell. She should be asleep.
? 46.［误］ Do you like to go with us
? 47.［误］ I am used to get up early in the morning.
? 48.［误］ To play with the children are very interesting.
? 49.［误］ He asked me do my homework alone.
? 50.［误］ he told me to drive a car.
? 51.［误］ I am very glad meeting you.
? 52.［误］ I'm too glad for seeing you.
? 53.［误］ Tom is too young not to join the army.
? 54.［误］ I went to the hospital for seeing my old friend. He was ill in hospital.
? 55.［误］ Could you help me to find a chair to sit.
? 56.［误］ When mother was about leaving the baby cried suddenly.
? 57.［误］ This work is difficult to be done.
? 58.［误］ Would you like to see a film with us Yes, I'd love.
? 59.［误］ Did you see someone to do this work for me
? 60.［误］ He was seen prepare this car.
? 61.［误］ Please? Let my child to try it again.
? 62.［误］ Why not to do it again
? 63.［误］ When he heard the news he couldn't help to cry.
? 64.［误］ In autumn, the street is always covered with falling leaves.
? 65.［误］ Do you hear someone sing in the office
? 66.［误］ I want to shop some food for supper.
? 67.［误］ When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped to talk.
? 68.［误］ I didn't remember closing the door, so the thief came into the room directly.
? 69.［误］ When I finished to do this work I would go to play football.
? 70.［误］ When he finished his homework, he went on playing the football.
? 71.［误］ He's busy to prepare his lessons.
? (三) 例题解析
?1? Mr Zhang asked me ＿＿＿ the words again.
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
?2? You ＿＿＿ play on the road. It's dangerous.
A. mustn't B. may C. can D. must
?3? Mr Brown ＿＿＿ in Beijing since 1993.
A. Work B. works C. worked D. has worked
?4? I ＿＿＿ a letter when my mother came in.
A. write B. am writing C. was writing D. will write
?5? It's not an important party, you needn't ＿＿＿ .
A. pay for it B. wear it out C. try it out D. dress up for it
??6? Can I ＿＿＿ a bike from him
A. lend B. return C. give D. borrow
?7? - Must I stay at home - No, you ＿＿＿ .
A. mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. can not
8? - How long have you ＿＿＿ here
- About two months.
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
9? Stamps ＿＿＿ by people for sending letters.
A. use B. using C. used D. are used
10? The radio says Tianjin will be ＿＿＿ tomorrow.
A. rains B. rain C. rained D. rainy
11? If you don't know this word, ＿＿＿ in the dictionary.
A. look for it B. look at it C. look after it D. look it up
12? My father told me ＿＿＿ play on the street.
A. not B. to not C. not to D. did not
13? There is going to ＿＿＿ an English party this evening.
A. be B. has C. have D. is
14? There ＿＿＿ no bus stop here last year.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
15? Our school will hold a sports meeting if it ＿＿＿ tomorrow.
A. isn't rain B. rains C. won't rain D. doesn't rain
16? Bikes mustn't ＿＿＿ everywhere.
A. be put B. be putted C. put D. putting
17? Neither Li Lei nor Han Meimei ＿＿＿ Harbin.
A. have been to B. has been to C. have gone to D. has gone to
18? It's cold today you'd better ＿＿＿ more coats.
A. put on B. take off C. to put on D. to take off
19? Henry ＿＿＿ a birthday card for Sam yesterday.
A. has bought B. buys C. bought D. will buy
20? When I got to the factory, the workers ＿＿＿ about the filim.
A. are talking B. talked C. were talking D. have talked
21? No hurry, please ＿＿＿ your time.
A. take B. bring C. carry D. catch
22? I enjoy ＿＿＿ the light music.
A. to listen to B. listening to C. hearing D. to hear
23? Please ＿＿＿ as soon as you get there.
A. ring me up B. ring up me C. wake me up D. wake up me
24? When I ＿＿＿ , I want to be a teacher.
A. grows up B. grow up C. shall grow D. grew up
25? I called him and he ＿＿＿ to have a talk with me.
A. stop B. stops C. stoped D. stopped
26? - Would you please ＿＿＿ me an eraser, Lucy
- Certainly. Here you are.
A. borrow B. lend C. borrowed D. lent
27? Trees ＿＿＿ in spring.
A. plant B. were planted C. should be planted D. should plant
28? - Where's your father
- He ＿＿＿ to Paris.
A. go B. goes C. went D. has gone
29? - Must I finish my homework in class now
- No, you ＿＿＿ . You can do it at home.
A. mustn't B. may not C. needn't D. can
30? Thank you very much for ＿＿＿ your book ＿＿＿ me.
A. lending, to B. lent, to C. borrow, from D. borrowing,from
31? The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from ＿＿＿ the earth away.
A. blowing B. blow C. blows D. to blow
32? The students will go to the West Hill Farm by bike, if it ＿＿＿ fine tomorrow.
A. will be B. is C. shall be D. was
33? Our teacher always tells us ＿＿＿ in the street. It's too dangerous.
A. don't play B. not to play C. to play D. not play
34? English is a useful language. It ＿＿＿ widely in the world.
A. is spoken B. was spoken C. can speak D. will speak
35? The kite is flying high in the sky. It ＿＿＿ a bird.
A. looks at B. looks like C. looks for D. looks after
36? - Look! What's Wang Ping doing over there
- She ＿＿＿ under a big tree.
A. sings B. sang C. has sung D. is singing
37? You ＿＿＿ see a doctor. You've got a bad cold.
A. will B. are going to C. had better D. could
38? Your radio is too loud. Would you please ＿＿＿
A. turn down it B. turn it down C. to turn down it D. to turn it down
39? Could you tell me if it ＿＿＿ tomorrow
A. rains B. is raining C. will rain D. rain
40? Suddenly one of the bags ＿＿＿ the truck and landed in the middle of the road.
A. fell out B. fell down C. fell off D. will be
41? He ＿＿＿ at this school since two years ago.
A. was B. has been C. Is D. will be
42? She doesn't know ＿＿＿ .
A. when to do B. what to do C. how to do D. where to do
43? Must older people ＿＿＿ to politely.
A. speak B. spoken C. be spoke D. be spoken
44? Teachers usually ask their students ＿＿＿ loudly in class.
A. to speak B. speak C. speaks D. spoke
45? - Where is Mr Zhang
- Look! He ＿＿＿ on a big machine over there.
A. works B. worked C. is working D. has worked
46? There's a football match. Please ＿＿＿ the TV at once. Let's watch together.
A. turn on B. take off C. turn off D. go on
47? Please tell me where ＿＿＿ have our picnic tomorrow.
A. we will B. will we C. will D. will you
?48? We ＿＿＿ English for three years already. And we can speak a little English now.
A. learn B. have learned C. has learned D. will learn
?49? At last, Lin Feng made the baby ＿＿＿ and begin to laugh.
A. stop to cry B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D. to stop crying
?50? Our classroom must ＿＿＿ clean every day.
A. keep B. to keep C. be kept D. to be kept
?51? I hear there ＿＿＿ a sports meeting in our school next week.
A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. are going to be
?52? It's getting colder, Peter. You'd better ＿＿＿ this coat with you.
A. bring B. carry C. take D. get
?53? Our classroom is clean and tidy. It ＿＿＿ every day.
A. cleans B. is cleaning C. cleaned D. is cleaned
54? If you are not careful in the street, a car may ＿＿＿ you.
A. hurt b. hit C. run D. catch
?55? The farmers were busy ＿＿＿ ready for the next year.
A. got B. getting C. to get D. get