外研版 必修1 学案 Module1 My First Day at Senior High 单元语法详解（含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版 必修1 学案 Module1 My First Day at Senior High 单元语法详解（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-02-12 10:25:44 | ||
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Module1 单元语法详解
现在时态、以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词
一、一般现在时
一般现在时是表示通常性、规律性、习惯性、真理性的状态或者动作 (有时间规律发生的事件) 的一种时态。
例1 (2017北京, 33) People (have) better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer as a result.
答案 have
句意：相比以前，人们 (现在) 能得到更好的医疗保健，因此他们的寿命更长一些。本题考查动词的时态。根据题干中的than they used to可知，这是在比较过去和现在的医疗状况，所以设空处应用一般现在时。
1. 表示习惯性的、现在反复出现的动作或状态。
I usually go to bed at nine. 我通常9点钟睡觉。
He writes to his parents once a month. 他每个月给父母写一封信。
注意：这类句子中的常用时间状语有：always、often、sometimes、every day、now and then等。
例2 (2017江苏, 31) He's been informed that he (not qualify) for the scholarship because of his academic background.
答案 doesn't qualify
句意：他被告知由于他的学术背景，他没有资格获得奖学金。本题考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，宾语从句中陈述的是现在的情况，故用一般现在时态。
2. 表示主语现在的特征、性格和发生、存在于说话时的感觉、状态等。
The job calls for great patience. 这项工作需要很大的耐心。
例3 (2017天津，6) Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
答案 is regarded
句意：现今，与慢跑和游泳一起，骑自行车运动被视为最好的、全面的运动形式之一。设空处是句子的谓语动词，与主语之间是被动关系。句子的主语是cycling，谓语动词要用单数。根据时间状语Nowadays可知时态为一般现在时。
3. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播得快。
4. 表示按照规定、计划要发生的将来的动作，只限于go、come、leave、start、stay、return、begin 等动词。
The train comes at 3 o'clock. 火车三点钟到。
5. 在连词when、before、until、if、as soon as等引导的表示将来行为的状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来。
If it is fine tomorrow, we will visit the Great Wall.
如果明天天气好，我们将去游览长城。
例4 (2017全国卷1，64) When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
答案 are removed
句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中去除后，食物尝起来就好像缺失了某种。东西。分析结构可知，设空处作谓语，fat and salt和remove之间是被动关系；根据主句中的谓语动词tastes可知，应用一般现在时，因此此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语动词用复数。
二、现在进行时
现在进行时表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在”，动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。
(2015北京) I (write) to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.
答案 am writing
此句是书信的开头语，强调现在正在写信，故用现在进行时。
1. 表示现在正在进行的动作。
We are having an English lesson now. 我们现在正在上英语课。
例6 (2014北京，22) -Hi，let's go skating.
-Sorry, I'm busy right now. I (fill) in an application form for a new job.
答案 am filling
句意：——嗨，我们去滑冰吧。——对不起，我现在很忙。我正在填写一份新工作的申请表。根据关键词right now可以判断，此处应用现在进行时。
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻动作并不一定在进行。
These days we are helping the farmers work on the farm.
这些天，我们一直在农场帮农民们干活。
3. 少数动词，如go、come、leave、arrive、return、begin、do、die、lose等的现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。
My uncle is coming back from abroad. 我叔叔就要从国外回来了。
4. 现在进行时常与always、forever、constantly、continuously、all the time等时间副词连用，表示反复发生的或习惯性的动作。这种用法含有不满、抱怨等感彩。
She is always finding fault with others. 她总是挑别人的毛病。
5. 表示一种委婉语气。hope、want、wonder等少数动词用于现在进行时时，表示更加委婉的语气。
I am hoping you can come and have supper with us.
我希望你能来和我们一起吃晚饭。
注意：有些动词通常不用现在进行时。这类动词表示“感觉；感情；存在；从属”等含义。如：表示感觉的动词see、hear、smell、feel、look、seem等；表示情感的动词hate、love、like、want、wish等；表示存在的动词be、exist、stay、remain等；表示占有或从属的动词have、possess等。但如果这些词的词义转变，且表示一个正在进行的动作时就要用现在进行时态。
Do you see anyone over there 你看见那儿有人吗 (表示感觉)
Are you seeing someone off 你在送人吗 (表示正在进行的动作)
三、以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词
形容词主要用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或属性，常用作定语，也可作表语、补语或状语。
1. 以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词已经失去了动词的性质，可被very或too修饰，常见的这类动词有amaze、astonish、amuse、bore、move、disappoint、embarrass、encourage、excite、frighten、tire、shock、interest、worry等。
2. 以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词可以在句中作表语、定语、状语和补语。
以-ing结尾的形容词表示主语或所修饰的名词本身所具有的特征，意为“令人……的”。以-ed结尾的形容词表示主语或所修饰的名词对外界的感受，意为“感到…的”。
His encouraging words revived my drooping spirit.
他的令人鼓舞的话使我沮丧的精神振作起来。
Consumers are encouraged to complain about faulty goods.
要鼓励消费者对劣质商品投诉。
3. 常见的以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词如下：
amazing令人吃惊的 amazed吃惊的
boring令人厌烦的 bored厌烦的
tiring令人劳累的 tired疲倦的
embarrassing令人尴尬的 embarrassed尴尬的
confusing令人困惑的 confused困惑的
disappointing令人失望的 disappointed失望的
frightening令人害怕的 frightened害怕的
interesting有趣的 interested感兴趣的
exciting令人兴奋的 excited兴奋的
moving令人感动的 moved感动的
pleasing令人高兴的 pleased高兴的
surprising令人吃惊的 surprised吃惊的
shocking令人震惊的 shocked震惊的
astonishing令人吃惊的 astonished吃惊的
inspiring令人鼓舞的 inspired激动人心的
satisfying令人满意的 satisfied满意的
即时训练
I. 用所给词的正确形式填空
1. We often (play) in the playground.
2. He usually (get) up at six o'clock.
3. you (brush) your teeth every morning
4. What he usually (do) after school
5. Danny (study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.
6. Mike (read) English every day
7. The boy will be a writer when he (grow) up.
8. Please don't go to bed before you (finish) your homework.
9. As soon as he (finish) the work, he will come to see me.
10. We're bringing you an (excite) evening of live rock and pop music from the best local band.
11. You'd better write down her phone number before you (forget) it.
12. On Monday mornings, it usually (take) me twenty minutes to drive to the company.
13. Listen!She (sing) an English song.
14. The students (read) the text now.
15. Look!The boy (wait) for his mother under the big tree.
16. They (watch) a football match on TV now.
I. 用括号内所给动词的-ed形式或-ing形式填空
1. The children were after the trip. (tire)
2. The trip was . (tire)
3. The children went to bed early after the trip. (tire)
4. The trip made the children . (tire)
5. The bad weather made the trip (tire)
6. Tom's parents are at his result of the exam. (disappoint)
7. and angry, he left the meeting room. (disappoint)
8. It is that he didn't pass the examination. (disappoint)
9. When hearing the news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were to look at each other. (surprise)
10. He was about his son. (worry)
11. I'm not with his interpretation of this sentence. (satisfy)
12. He was with the person. (annoy)
13. A police car appeared on the road；the thief had a look on his face. (frighten)
14. The situation here is and we are . (encourage)
答案：
I. 1. play 2. gets 3. Do；brush 4. does;do 5. studies 6. Does;read 7. grows 8. finish 9. finishes 10. exciting 11. forget 12. takes 13. is singing 14. are reading 15. is waiting 16. are watching
Ⅱ. 1. tired 2. tiring 3. tired 4. tiring;tired 5. tiring 6. disappointed；disappointing 7. Disappointed 8. disappointing 9. surprising;surprised 10. worried 11. satisfied 12. annoyed 13. frightened 14. encouraging；encouraged
现在时态、以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词
一、一般现在时
一般现在时是表示通常性、规律性、习惯性、真理性的状态或者动作 (有时间规律发生的事件) 的一种时态。
例1 (2017北京, 33) People (have) better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer as a result.
答案 have
句意：相比以前，人们 (现在) 能得到更好的医疗保健，因此他们的寿命更长一些。本题考查动词的时态。根据题干中的than they used to可知，这是在比较过去和现在的医疗状况，所以设空处应用一般现在时。
1. 表示习惯性的、现在反复出现的动作或状态。
I usually go to bed at nine. 我通常9点钟睡觉。
He writes to his parents once a month. 他每个月给父母写一封信。
注意：这类句子中的常用时间状语有：always、often、sometimes、every day、now and then等。
例2 (2017江苏, 31) He's been informed that he (not qualify) for the scholarship because of his academic background.
答案 doesn't qualify
句意：他被告知由于他的学术背景，他没有资格获得奖学金。本题考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，宾语从句中陈述的是现在的情况，故用一般现在时态。
2. 表示主语现在的特征、性格和发生、存在于说话时的感觉、状态等。
The job calls for great patience. 这项工作需要很大的耐心。
例3 (2017天津，6) Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
答案 is regarded
句意：现今，与慢跑和游泳一起，骑自行车运动被视为最好的、全面的运动形式之一。设空处是句子的谓语动词，与主语之间是被动关系。句子的主语是cycling，谓语动词要用单数。根据时间状语Nowadays可知时态为一般现在时。
3. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播得快。
4. 表示按照规定、计划要发生的将来的动作，只限于go、come、leave、start、stay、return、begin 等动词。
The train comes at 3 o'clock. 火车三点钟到。
5. 在连词when、before、until、if、as soon as等引导的表示将来行为的状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来。
If it is fine tomorrow, we will visit the Great Wall.
如果明天天气好，我们将去游览长城。
例4 (2017全国卷1，64) When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
答案 are removed
句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中去除后，食物尝起来就好像缺失了某种。东西。分析结构可知，设空处作谓语，fat and salt和remove之间是被动关系；根据主句中的谓语动词tastes可知，应用一般现在时，因此此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语动词用复数。
二、现在进行时
现在进行时表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在”，动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。
(2015北京) I (write) to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.
答案 am writing
此句是书信的开头语，强调现在正在写信，故用现在进行时。
1. 表示现在正在进行的动作。
We are having an English lesson now. 我们现在正在上英语课。
例6 (2014北京，22) -Hi，let's go skating.
-Sorry, I'm busy right now. I (fill) in an application form for a new job.
答案 am filling
句意：——嗨，我们去滑冰吧。——对不起，我现在很忙。我正在填写一份新工作的申请表。根据关键词right now可以判断，此处应用现在进行时。
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻动作并不一定在进行。
These days we are helping the farmers work on the farm.
这些天，我们一直在农场帮农民们干活。
3. 少数动词，如go、come、leave、arrive、return、begin、do、die、lose等的现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。
My uncle is coming back from abroad. 我叔叔就要从国外回来了。
4. 现在进行时常与always、forever、constantly、continuously、all the time等时间副词连用，表示反复发生的或习惯性的动作。这种用法含有不满、抱怨等感彩。
She is always finding fault with others. 她总是挑别人的毛病。
5. 表示一种委婉语气。hope、want、wonder等少数动词用于现在进行时时，表示更加委婉的语气。
I am hoping you can come and have supper with us.
我希望你能来和我们一起吃晚饭。
注意：有些动词通常不用现在进行时。这类动词表示“感觉；感情；存在；从属”等含义。如：表示感觉的动词see、hear、smell、feel、look、seem等；表示情感的动词hate、love、like、want、wish等；表示存在的动词be、exist、stay、remain等；表示占有或从属的动词have、possess等。但如果这些词的词义转变，且表示一个正在进行的动作时就要用现在进行时态。
Do you see anyone over there 你看见那儿有人吗 (表示感觉)
Are you seeing someone off 你在送人吗 (表示正在进行的动作)
三、以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词
形容词主要用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或属性，常用作定语，也可作表语、补语或状语。
1. 以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词已经失去了动词的性质，可被very或too修饰，常见的这类动词有amaze、astonish、amuse、bore、move、disappoint、embarrass、encourage、excite、frighten、tire、shock、interest、worry等。
2. 以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词可以在句中作表语、定语、状语和补语。
以-ing结尾的形容词表示主语或所修饰的名词本身所具有的特征，意为“令人……的”。以-ed结尾的形容词表示主语或所修饰的名词对外界的感受，意为“感到…的”。
His encouraging words revived my drooping spirit.
他的令人鼓舞的话使我沮丧的精神振作起来。
Consumers are encouraged to complain about faulty goods.
要鼓励消费者对劣质商品投诉。
3. 常见的以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词如下：
amazing令人吃惊的 amazed吃惊的
boring令人厌烦的 bored厌烦的
tiring令人劳累的 tired疲倦的
embarrassing令人尴尬的 embarrassed尴尬的
confusing令人困惑的 confused困惑的
disappointing令人失望的 disappointed失望的
frightening令人害怕的 frightened害怕的
interesting有趣的 interested感兴趣的
exciting令人兴奋的 excited兴奋的
moving令人感动的 moved感动的
pleasing令人高兴的 pleased高兴的
surprising令人吃惊的 surprised吃惊的
shocking令人震惊的 shocked震惊的
astonishing令人吃惊的 astonished吃惊的
inspiring令人鼓舞的 inspired激动人心的
satisfying令人满意的 satisfied满意的
即时训练
I. 用所给词的正确形式填空
1. We often (play) in the playground.
2. He usually (get) up at six o'clock.
3. you (brush) your teeth every morning
4. What he usually (do) after school
5. Danny (study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.
6. Mike (read) English every day
7. The boy will be a writer when he (grow) up.
8. Please don't go to bed before you (finish) your homework.
9. As soon as he (finish) the work, he will come to see me.
10. We're bringing you an (excite) evening of live rock and pop music from the best local band.
11. You'd better write down her phone number before you (forget) it.
12. On Monday mornings, it usually (take) me twenty minutes to drive to the company.
13. Listen!She (sing) an English song.
14. The students (read) the text now.
15. Look!The boy (wait) for his mother under the big tree.
16. They (watch) a football match on TV now.
I. 用括号内所给动词的-ed形式或-ing形式填空
1. The children were after the trip. (tire)
2. The trip was . (tire)
3. The children went to bed early after the trip. (tire)
4. The trip made the children . (tire)
5. The bad weather made the trip (tire)
6. Tom's parents are at his result of the exam. (disappoint)
7. and angry, he left the meeting room. (disappoint)
8. It is that he didn't pass the examination. (disappoint)
9. When hearing the news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were to look at each other. (surprise)
10. He was about his son. (worry)
11. I'm not with his interpretation of this sentence. (satisfy)
12. He was with the person. (annoy)
13. A police car appeared on the road；the thief had a look on his face. (frighten)
14. The situation here is and we are . (encourage)
答案：
I. 1. play 2. gets 3. Do；brush 4. does;do 5. studies 6. Does;read 7. grows 8. finish 9. finishes 10. exciting 11. forget 12. takes 13. is singing 14. are reading 15. is waiting 16. are watching
Ⅱ. 1. tired 2. tiring 3. tired 4. tiring;tired 5. tiring 6. disappointed；disappointing 7. Disappointed 8. disappointing 9. surprising;surprised 10. worried 11. satisfied 12. annoyed 13. frightened 14. encouraging；encouraged