2023年高考英语复习常用语法——语态课件（31张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2023年高考英语复习常用语法——语态课件（31张PPT） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-02-12 10:27:02 | ||
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(共31张PPT)
高三英语总复习基础部分
——语法讲解篇
2.2 高中英语常用语法——语态
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+done”构成。be有人称、数和时态的变化。
1.一般现在时:am/is/are done
Rice is grown in the south of the states.
2.一般过去时:was/were done
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
3.一般将来时:will(shall) be done
Cars will be sent abroad by sea.
4.过去将来时:would(should) be done
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.
5.现在进行时:am/is/are being done
The rooms are being painted now.
6.过去进行时:was/were being done
Trees were being planted here at this time last year.
7.现在完成时:have/has been done
I have been told that the sports meeting might be put off.
8.过去完成时:had been done
He had been considered to be a great leader.
9.常用时态的主被动形式对照表
时态 主动 被动
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done
一般过去时 did was/were done
一般将来时 will do will be done
过去将来时 would do would be done
现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done
过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done
将来进行时 will be doing
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done
过去完成时 had done had been done
二、被动语态的用法
1.不知道或不必说出动作的执行者。
How is this word pronounced
After the war,everything was destroyed.
2.强调动作的承受者。
If you break the school rules,you will be punished.
A new Hope School will be opened in our village.
Xiao Li was elected monitor of the class.
3.动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物。
The bridge was washed away by the flood.
We were shocked by the news of his death.
Many accidents were caused by careless driving.
4.有些动词习惯上常用被动语态。
He was born in this city.
The school is situated in the suburbs.
三、被动语态的应注意事项
1.带情态动词的被动结构形式:情态动词+be+done
The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2.在使役动词have,make,let以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear, feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
例:Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
可改为:A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
3.常用被动语态的句型:
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider, expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。
It is said that...据说……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is believed that...大家相信……
It is hoped that...大家希望……
It is well known that...众所周知……
It is thought that...大家认为……
It is suggested that...据建议……
例如:It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
=The boy is said to have passed the national exam.
4.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell, read,write,wash 等,当它们被用作不及物动词描述主语特征时,常用主动形式表示被动意义,主语通常是物。
例如:This kind of cloth washes well.
Those kinds of books sell well.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:The door won’t lock.(指门本身有毛病)
The door won’t be locked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
5.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语happen,last,take place,break out,burst out,come out,come about,come true,run out, give out,turn out等要以主动形式表示被动意义。
How do the newspapers come out
6.系动词没有被动形式,有些表示感受、感官的系动词如feel, sound,taste,look,feel,用于主系表结构中,后面常接形容词,表示“……起来”。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
7.在need,want,require等词的后面,用动名词主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing (to be repaired).
8.be worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
The picture-book is well worth reading.
=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.
9.在某些“形容词+不定式”作表语的结构中,句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important, impossible,pleasant,interesting等。
This problem is difficult to work out.(可看作to work out省略了for me)
10.在too...to...结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
11.在be to blame中仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
Who is to blame for starting the fire
语态专项练习
一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.It’s said that the long bridge (build) in two months.
2.Where to have the meeting (discuss) now.
3.Which language the most widely (speak) in the world
4.The lost boy (not find) so far.
5.Last year a large number of trees (cut) down.
6.The students (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
are told
is being discussed
is spoken
has not been found
will be built
were cut
7.The old man is seriously ill.He (must send) to the hospital.
8.Vegetables,eggs and fruits (sell) in this shop.
9.—What these knives (make) of
—They (make) of metal and wood.
10.Can the magazine (take) out of the library
11.Our classroom (clean) every day.
12.The stars can’t (see) in the daytime.
13.The flowers (water) by Li Ming already.
14.This kind of shoes (sell) well.
must be sent
are sold
are made
be taken
is cleaned
be seen
have been watered
are made
sells
15.I (ask) to get there before seven tomorrow,so I’ll have to get up early.
16.The dish (smell) delicious.
17.The Great Wall (know) all over the world.
18.Tea (grow) in South China.
19.I (give) a birthday present by my parents every year.
20.A large number of engineers (send) to Africa by our government to help the people there every year.
21.The sick boy (take) to hospital by the police yesterday.
was asked
smells
is known
am given
is grown
are sent
was taken
22.Waste paper shouldn’t (throw) everywhere.It’s our duty to keep our city clean.
23.—Do you have any problems if you (offer) this job
—Well,I’m thinking about the working hours.
24.—David,turn off the TV if no one is watching it.
—But it (turn) off already! The music is from the radio.
25.Who this book (write)by
be thrown
are offered
has been turned
is written
26.—What do you think of the latest TV play the Name of People
—It’s very popular.Millions of families (attract) by it during that time.
27.When Tim (ask) why he was late for school,he just kept silent.
28.—Alice,you (want) on the phone.
—I’m coming.Thanks.
29.Smoking (allow) in public places in China.
30.Andy loves playing the piano.He (hear) playing the piano after school very often.
were attracted
was asked
are wanted
is heard
is not allowed
二、真题演练
1.(2022·全国一卷)The GPNP (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems”.
2.(惠州市2022届高三第三次调研考试)As more Chinese star gaming clubs and teams appear,the industry (expect) to further grow and continue spreading Chinese culture to the world.
3.[2022年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)]Lucy met, including arranging visas to enter some countries.But the challenges
(outweigh) by the memorable experiences on her way.
is designed
is expected
were outweighed
4.[2022 年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二)]Given the fun and often silly nature,it’s not surprising that many of these festivals
(hold) on April Fool’s Day!
5.[2022年广东省普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试(二)]“I believe when all of our voices (hear) together,true harmony can happen,” Segev says.
6.(2022年深圳市高三年级第二次调研考试)When white settlers came to Australia,most of the children of the aboriginals
(take) away from their own parents and brought up by white parents.
are held
are heard
were taken
7.[2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)] Travelling to conferences,lectures,workshops,and the like—frequently by plane— (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
8.[岳阳市2022届高三教学质量监测(二)]The article_________
(post) after KFC China collaborated with top domestic blind box toymaker Pop Mart to offer 260,000 dolls with its 99 yuan($15.60) family-sized chicken bucket from Jan 4.
is viewed/has been viewed
was posted
9.(2021·全国甲卷)It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty.
10.(2021·浙江省试题)Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield,Illinois, (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
11.(2021·全国甲卷) It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored.
was built
has been proved
was built
12.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The parts of a museum open to the public
(call) galleries or rooms.
13.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we
(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm.
14.(2021·深圳市第一次模拟考试)Gan (know) as one of the pioneers who shares country life and promotes sales of related products online.
are called
were invited
is known
15.(2018·北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.
16.(2018·天津卷)My washing machine (repair) this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
17.(2018·江苏卷)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry out) in the past two years.
18.(2017·江苏卷)He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he (follow).
has been trapped
had been carried out
was followed
are being repaired
19.(2017·全国Ⅰ卷)When fat and salt (remove) from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.
20.(2018·浙江卷)I (shock) when I learned she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
is removed
was shocked
三、用被动语态翻译下列句子
1.据说学校要来一位新英语老师。
2.窗户是我儿子打破的。
3.我们告诉他们教室很快就会被打扫的。
4.昨天这个时候电视机正在被修理吗
It is said that the school will have a new English teacher.
The window was broken by my son.
We told them the classroom would be cleaned soon.
Was the TV being mending at this time yesterday
5.我们学校不教俄语。
6.这个村子在地震中被摧毁了。
7.汉语在世界上被越来越广泛地使用。
8.这款手机是专门为老年人设计的。
Russian is not taught in our school.
The village was destroyed in the earthquake.
Chinese is becoming more and more widely used in the world.
This cellphone is specially designed for the old people.
9.水能从液体转换为气体。
10.据说明天会有一场暴风雪。
11.这件外套是棉花制的。
12.作业应该被准时上交。
It’s said there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.
This coat is made from cotton.
Homework should be handed in on time.
Water can be transformed from liquid to steam.
13.那个山顶长年被积雪覆盖。
14.大约有三百人在这次事故中受伤。
15.工人们每天被迫工作12小时。
The top pf that mountain is covered by snow all the year round.
Around 300 people were injured in this accident.
The workers are forced to work 12 hours every day.
高三英语总复习基础部分
——语法讲解篇
2.2 高中英语常用语法——语态
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+done”构成。be有人称、数和时态的变化。
1.一般现在时:am/is/are done
Rice is grown in the south of the states.
2.一般过去时:was/were done
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
3.一般将来时:will(shall) be done
Cars will be sent abroad by sea.
4.过去将来时:would(should) be done
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.
5.现在进行时:am/is/are being done
The rooms are being painted now.
6.过去进行时:was/were being done
Trees were being planted here at this time last year.
7.现在完成时:have/has been done
I have been told that the sports meeting might be put off.
8.过去完成时:had been done
He had been considered to be a great leader.
9.常用时态的主被动形式对照表
时态 主动 被动
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done
一般过去时 did was/were done
一般将来时 will do will be done
过去将来时 would do would be done
现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done
过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done
将来进行时 will be doing
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done
过去完成时 had done had been done
二、被动语态的用法
1.不知道或不必说出动作的执行者。
How is this word pronounced
After the war,everything was destroyed.
2.强调动作的承受者。
If you break the school rules,you will be punished.
A new Hope School will be opened in our village.
Xiao Li was elected monitor of the class.
3.动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物。
The bridge was washed away by the flood.
We were shocked by the news of his death.
Many accidents were caused by careless driving.
4.有些动词习惯上常用被动语态。
He was born in this city.
The school is situated in the suburbs.
三、被动语态的应注意事项
1.带情态动词的被动结构形式:情态动词+be+done
The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2.在使役动词have,make,let以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear, feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
例:Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
可改为:A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
3.常用被动语态的句型:
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider, expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。
It is said that...据说……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is believed that...大家相信……
It is hoped that...大家希望……
It is well known that...众所周知……
It is thought that...大家认为……
It is suggested that...据建议……
例如:It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
=The boy is said to have passed the national exam.
4.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell, read,write,wash 等,当它们被用作不及物动词描述主语特征时,常用主动形式表示被动意义,主语通常是物。
例如:This kind of cloth washes well.
Those kinds of books sell well.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:The door won’t lock.(指门本身有毛病)
The door won’t be locked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
5.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语happen,last,take place,break out,burst out,come out,come about,come true,run out, give out,turn out等要以主动形式表示被动意义。
How do the newspapers come out
6.系动词没有被动形式,有些表示感受、感官的系动词如feel, sound,taste,look,feel,用于主系表结构中,后面常接形容词,表示“……起来”。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
7.在need,want,require等词的后面,用动名词主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing (to be repaired).
8.be worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
The picture-book is well worth reading.
=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.
9.在某些“形容词+不定式”作表语的结构中,句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important, impossible,pleasant,interesting等。
This problem is difficult to work out.(可看作to work out省略了for me)
10.在too...to...结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
11.在be to blame中仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
Who is to blame for starting the fire
语态专项练习
一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.It’s said that the long bridge (build) in two months.
2.Where to have the meeting (discuss) now.
3.Which language the most widely (speak) in the world
4.The lost boy (not find) so far.
5.Last year a large number of trees (cut) down.
6.The students (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
are told
is being discussed
is spoken
has not been found
will be built
were cut
7.The old man is seriously ill.He (must send) to the hospital.
8.Vegetables,eggs and fruits (sell) in this shop.
9.—What these knives (make) of
—They (make) of metal and wood.
10.Can the magazine (take) out of the library
11.Our classroom (clean) every day.
12.The stars can’t (see) in the daytime.
13.The flowers (water) by Li Ming already.
14.This kind of shoes (sell) well.
must be sent
are sold
are made
be taken
is cleaned
be seen
have been watered
are made
sells
15.I (ask) to get there before seven tomorrow,so I’ll have to get up early.
16.The dish (smell) delicious.
17.The Great Wall (know) all over the world.
18.Tea (grow) in South China.
19.I (give) a birthday present by my parents every year.
20.A large number of engineers (send) to Africa by our government to help the people there every year.
21.The sick boy (take) to hospital by the police yesterday.
was asked
smells
is known
am given
is grown
are sent
was taken
22.Waste paper shouldn’t (throw) everywhere.It’s our duty to keep our city clean.
23.—Do you have any problems if you (offer) this job
—Well,I’m thinking about the working hours.
24.—David,turn off the TV if no one is watching it.
—But it (turn) off already! The music is from the radio.
25.Who this book (write)by
be thrown
are offered
has been turned
is written
26.—What do you think of the latest TV play the Name of People
—It’s very popular.Millions of families (attract) by it during that time.
27.When Tim (ask) why he was late for school,he just kept silent.
28.—Alice,you (want) on the phone.
—I’m coming.Thanks.
29.Smoking (allow) in public places in China.
30.Andy loves playing the piano.He (hear) playing the piano after school very often.
were attracted
was asked
are wanted
is heard
is not allowed
二、真题演练
1.(2022·全国一卷)The GPNP (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems”.
2.(惠州市2022届高三第三次调研考试)As more Chinese star gaming clubs and teams appear,the industry (expect) to further grow and continue spreading Chinese culture to the world.
3.[2022年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(一)]Lucy met, including arranging visas to enter some countries.But the challenges
(outweigh) by the memorable experiences on her way.
is designed
is expected
were outweighed
4.[2022 年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(二)]Given the fun and often silly nature,it’s not surprising that many of these festivals
(hold) on April Fool’s Day!
5.[2022年广东省普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试(二)]“I believe when all of our voices (hear) together,true harmony can happen,” Segev says.
6.(2022年深圳市高三年级第二次调研考试)When white settlers came to Australia,most of the children of the aboriginals
(take) away from their own parents and brought up by white parents.
are held
are heard
were taken
7.[2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)] Travelling to conferences,lectures,workshops,and the like—frequently by plane— (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
8.[岳阳市2022届高三教学质量监测(二)]The article_________
(post) after KFC China collaborated with top domestic blind box toymaker Pop Mart to offer 260,000 dolls with its 99 yuan($15.60) family-sized chicken bucket from Jan 4.
is viewed/has been viewed
was posted
9.(2021·全国甲卷)It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty.
10.(2021·浙江省试题)Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield,Illinois, (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
11.(2021·全国甲卷) It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored.
was built
has been proved
was built
12.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The parts of a museum open to the public
(call) galleries or rooms.
13.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we
(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm.
14.(2021·深圳市第一次模拟考试)Gan (know) as one of the pioneers who shares country life and promotes sales of related products online.
are called
were invited
is known
15.(2018·北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.
16.(2018·天津卷)My washing machine (repair) this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
17.(2018·江苏卷)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry out) in the past two years.
18.(2017·江苏卷)He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he (follow).
has been trapped
had been carried out
was followed
are being repaired
19.(2017·全国Ⅰ卷)When fat and salt (remove) from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.
20.(2018·浙江卷)I (shock) when I learned she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
is removed
was shocked
三、用被动语态翻译下列句子
1.据说学校要来一位新英语老师。
2.窗户是我儿子打破的。
3.我们告诉他们教室很快就会被打扫的。
4.昨天这个时候电视机正在被修理吗
It is said that the school will have a new English teacher.
The window was broken by my son.
We told them the classroom would be cleaned soon.
Was the TV being mending at this time yesterday
5.我们学校不教俄语。
6.这个村子在地震中被摧毁了。
7.汉语在世界上被越来越广泛地使用。
8.这款手机是专门为老年人设计的。
Russian is not taught in our school.
The village was destroyed in the earthquake.
Chinese is becoming more and more widely used in the world.
This cellphone is specially designed for the old people.
9.水能从液体转换为气体。
10.据说明天会有一场暴风雪。
11.这件外套是棉花制的。
12.作业应该被准时上交。
It’s said there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.
This coat is made from cotton.
Homework should be handed in on time.
Water can be transformed from liquid to steam.
13.那个山顶长年被积雪覆盖。
14.大约有三百人在这次事故中受伤。
15.工人们每天被迫工作12小时。
The top pf that mountain is covered by snow all the year round.
Around 300 people were injured in this accident.
The workers are forced to work 12 hours every day.