2013-2014年深圳市高中英语必修 6 Module6单元测试题
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| 名称 | 2013-2014年深圳市高中英语必修 6 Module6单元测试题 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2014-03-18 20:42:47 | ||
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2013-2014年深圳市高中英语必修 6 Module6单元测试题
I 语言知识及应用
（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
They were both there the first time he cried - the sound of life beginning. It was a(n) l sound. Mom and Dad kept watching his angel face so 2
He 3 to be a young man full of hope and pride. He had dreams and plans for the future. In fact, waiting for him back home was the 4 of his dreams. They met at school and fell in love with each other. The last time they saw each other, they made 5 of faithfulness. They talked about the wedding and a dozen or more children of their own. Mom and Dad stood by, watching and dreaming of 6 to come and how they would spend the holidays together as one big family.
After long hugs, they 7 one last time as the plane lifted off the ground and flew away.
Months passed by and his time 8 was coming to an end. He would be home again soon.
They gathered at the airport once more to greet him. The plane 9 and the passenger door opened. But this was not for him - the back baggage door was 10 and a small truck rolled underneath to gather its contents.
"There, that must be him." Dad 11 quietly. Mom burst into tears. His wife-to-be bowed her head and cried 12 into her hands. They didn't hear his last cry when he died face down on 13 .soil. He was home just like he had promised while she was 14 and true.
Wars should never exist. However, as it had its place in our history, young men and women gave their 15 to the things that you and I take for granted every day. Cherish your freedom because it costs every life lost.
1. A. sad B. annoying
C. joyful D. grateful
2. A. desperately B. deliberately
C. seriously D. proudly
3. A. learnt B. aimed
C. grew D. required
4. A. girl B. friend
C. child D. relative
5. A. comments B. promises
C. plans D. suggestions
6. A. sons B. daughters
C. children D. grandchildren
7. A. cried B. nodded
C. shook D. waved
8. A. away B. back
C. off D. around
9. A. landed B. launched
C. slid D. flew
10. A. closed B. removed
C. unlocked D. knocked
11. A. stated B. announce
C. emphasized D. whispered
12. A. cautiously B. openly
C. fearfully D. nervously
13. A. foreign B. native
C. fertile D. familiar
14. A. beautiful B. hopeful
C. faithful D. painful
15. A. hearts B. lives
C. families D. experiences
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的
词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
When I was 18, 27 years ago, I was on my way home carrying heavy bags of books when I slipped on some black ice. I banged my face straight on the bus stop post and pieces of glass from my glasses went 16 my right eye. The bus driver waited for me to get into the bus. I had no idea that my face was 17 (bad) cut and that I was in danger of losing an eye 18 I did not get immediate medical attention. All the passengers on the bus were very kind 19 me. A lady on the bus came over to ask me if I was OK. 20 (feel) rather embarrassed, I told' her that I was fine. The bus driver stopped the bus at the next bus stop and called 21 ambulance for me.
The lady who asked me if I was OK went to the hospital with me and stayed with me 22 my mom came to get me. After several visits to the hospital, I was pleased that I still had sight in my right eye.
23 (sad), my mother and f never got to thank the lady 24 had left me her name, address and telephone number. When we went to thank her, she 25 (move) to Canada. I will always be grateful to Mrs O'Connor, wherever she is.
II 阅读
（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
A
She might be a tough old bird, but that hasn't stopped her walking her way into the record books.
Missy the penguin will claim the crown (王冠) as the oldest in the world after reaching 36 years old - 108 in human years. The ancient King Penguin arrived at the Birdland Park and Gardens in Gloucestershire when she was at least five years old in 1982. In spite of losing the sight in one eye, she is still the leader of the field today.
Keepers had no idea that she was the world's oldest until a zoo in Denmark claimed the title of a Gentoo penguin two years younger than Missy. Staff at Birdland Park and Gardens are now planning to send her details to the Guinness World Records to prove she has broken the record.
Missy spends most of her time with her partner Seth, who is thought to be 34 years old and had a starring role in the 1992 film Batman Returns.
Although we cannot provide the exact age of Missy, we do know she was an adult when she came to Birdland and King Penguins take five years to become an adult. Therefore, she must be, at the very least, 36 years old although she could actually be older.
King Penguins live to be around 26 years old on average, and even less in the wild due to diseases. You really wouldn't know Missy's old age only by looking at her, because she acts like all of the other penguins here. King Penguins are distinguishable (能分辨出来的) by their orange breasts and cheeks. They are the second largest species of penguin, can weigh up to 40 lbs, and can dive to over 330 ft at a time.
26. What world record does Missy break?
A. The oldest penguin in the world.
B. The only King Penguin on the earth.
C. The oldest human reaching 108 years old.
D. The only penguin walking the farthest way.
27. The underlined phrase "the title" refers to _____.
A. the name of a Gentoo penguin
B. the leader in Gloucestershire
C. the honor to be the world's oldest penguin
D. the oldest penguin in a zoo in Denmark
28. If we call a King Penguin an adult, she might be at least_______.
A. two years old B. 18 years old
C. five years old D. 26 years old
29. What do we know about Missy?
A. She arrived at the Birdland Park and Gardens when she was at least five years old.
B. She spends all her time with her partner Seth, who is two years younger than her.
C. Her oldest age has been recorded into the book - Guinness World Records.
D. She has one eye and acts differently compared to other penguins.
30. Where does the passage probably come from?
A. A research plan. B. A science fiction.
C. A book review. D. A news report.
B
The novel War and Peace began in the year 1805 during the rule of Tsar Alexander I and led up to the 1812 French invasion of Russia by Napoleon. The time of Catherine the Great (1762-1796), when the royal court in Paris was the centre of western European civilization, is still fresh in the minds of older people. Catherine, wishing to reshape Russia into a great European nation, made French the language of her royal court. For the next one hundred years, it became a social requirement for members of the Russian nobility to speak French and understand French culture. This historical and cultural background of the nobility is reflected in War and Peace. Catherine's grandson, Alexander I, came to the throne (王位) in 1801 at the age of 24. In the novel, his mother, Marya Feodorovna, is the most powerful woman in the Russian court.
War and Peace tens the story of five noble families-the Bezukhovs, the Bolkonskys, the Rostovs, the Kuragins and the Drubetskoys - and the relationship between their personal lives and the contemporary history from 1805 to 1813, mostly Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812.
Tolstoy spent many years researching and rewriting the book. He worked from primary source materials (interviews and other documents), as well as from history books and other historical novels. Tolstoy also used a great deal of his own experience in the Crimean War to bring vivid detail and first- hand accounts of how the Russian army was structured.
The standard Russian text of War and Peace is divided into four books (fifteen parts) and an epilogue (后记)in two parts - one is mainly narrative, the other is thematic While the first half of the novel is concerned strictly with the fictional (虚构的)characters, the later parts increasingly consist of essays about the nature of war, power and history.
31. Why did Catherine make French the language of her royal court?
A. Because she hoped to invade France in the future.
B. Because she was interested in France and fluent in French.
C. Because she wanted her people to remember Napoleon's invasion.
D. Because she wanted to rebuild Russia into a great European nation.
32. What became the social necessity of the Russian noblemen when Catherine ruled Russia?
A. To understand western European civilization.
B. To speak French and understand French culture.
C. To understand the background of War and Peace.
D. To speak Russian and understand Russian culture
33. Paragraph l is mainly concerned with_____.
A. the French invasion of Russia by Napoleon
B. the brief introduction of the age of Catherine the Great
C. the historical and cultural background of War and Peace
D. the social requirement for members of the Russian nobility
34. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. Tolstoy copied a lot from philosophy novels and other historical texts
B. Catherine is the most powerful woman in the Russian court in War and Peace
C. the royal court in Paris was the centre of western European civilization in 1805
D. the creation of the novel benefited from Tolstoy's own experience in the war
35. What can we learn from the novel War and peace?
A. It describes the story of five noble families mainly in 1812.
B. The standard Russian text of War and Peace is divided into two parts.
C. Its characters come from the real world during the time of Catherine the Great.
D. The first half of the novel is concerned with the nature of war, power and history.
C
You have an excellent curriculum vitae (简历), you are sure of your ability, and you are convinced that you are going to impress him, when suddenly, there she appears. You know nothing about the other competitors, when in fact you have one of them just in front of you. She is prettier than you and you lose this opportunity.
While some people say that beauty is a great advantage when one tries to apply for a job, there are others who consider that the things of major importance are one's intelligence and self-confidence. Being handsome is an advantage only if this quality is sustained (维持) by the other two mentioned above. At least, this is as it should be, but things are not like this always. Each time we compare ourselves with the ones around us. Persons who employ others for certain jobs are firstly amazed by the physical appearance of the ones who compete. Is it really easier to be successful in a career for the women who look better and come to compete for a job, than the ones who don't look so good?
Even if you don't have the appearance of a model, there are other secret tricks that can help you to be a person of success. Impact and communication are two major secrets. Nice presence and good professional experience are some of the secrets to applying for a job. People who bet on their beauty or physical appearance can make use of these qualities only for a short period of time because one day, they will be asked to perform.
All in an, nobody says that it is good to be ugly, but to appreciate somebody's ability and value after her physical appearance is something unfair and unprofessional.
36. The writer introduced the topic by _______.
A. giving an example
B. making a comparison
C. giving a definition
D. following time order
37. What can be implied in Paragraph l?
A. A job application is determined by your abilities.
B. The employer must be impressed by your abilities.
C. The girl who is more beautiful than you will be employed.
D. A good curriculum vitae decides your success in applying for a job.
38. According to Paragraph 2, which may NOT be considered important in job application?
A. Beauty. B. Intelligence.
C. Self-confidence. D. Family background.
39. Which statement does the writer probably support?
A. Performances and results can be made use of for a little time.
B. Beauty or physical appearance can guarantee success in the career.
C. Influence and communication are two major secrets to one's success.
D. To admire one's competence and value is considered unfair and unprofessional.
40. What's the writer's attitude to the topic "beauty in women's career"?
A. Positive. B. Fair.
C. Negative. D. Unknown.
D
Researchers in Britain have set out the first comprehensive map of mutational (突变的) processes behind the development of cancers - work that should in future lead to better ways to treat and prevent a wide range of cancers.
In a study published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, researchers who analyzed more than 7,000 genetic codes of common forms of cancer uncovered 21 so-called signatures of processes that mutate DNA.
Through detailed analysis, we can start to use large amounts of information buried deeply in the DNA of cancers to understand how and why cancers arise. All cancers are caused by mutations in DNA occurring in cells of the body during someone's lifetime.
Scientists are clear about some things such as that chemicals in cigarette smoking cause mutations in lung cells that lead to lung cancer. But they have yet to figure out the biological processes that cause mutations behind most common cancers.
The team analyzed the genetic codes of 7,042 cases of cancer in people from around the world, covering 30 different types of the disease, to see if they could find patterns or signatures of mutational processes.
They discovered that all the cancers contain two or more signatures - a finding that shows the variety of processes that work together when a cancer develops.
They also found that different cancers have different numbers of mutational processes. And some signatures are found in many types of cancer, while others are only found in one type. Out of the 30 cancers, 25 have signatures from mutational processes linked to aging.
In a suggestion of what might be behind many common cancers, the team also discovered that a family of enzymes (酶) called APOBEC, known to mutate DNA, was linked to more than half of the cancer types studied. APOBEC can be activated when the body is responding to a viral infection.
41. The findings may contribute to______.
A. stopping people from suffering cancers in the future
B. uncovering what kinds of people are likely to have cancers
C. helping to conquer all cancers people will suffer in the future
D. treating and preventing a wide range of cancers in the future
42. All cancers are caused by_____.
A. chemicals in cigarette smoking
B. information buried in DNA
C. DNA mutations in the cells
D. a family of enzymes
43. According to the study, we know that APOBEC____.
A. hides behind all types of common cancers
B. is associated with all the types of cancers studied
C. can be activated when the body is infected by viruses
D. is a kind of enzyme that exists in half of the cancers studied
44. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Gene study uncovers origins of many common cancers
B. How to treat and prevent a wide range of cancers
C. What causes mutations behind most common cancers
D. Cancers have different numbers of mutational processes
45. What can we learn from the passage?
A. There is at least one process working when a cancer develops.
B. Different cancers have the same numbers of mutational processes.
C. Mutational processes that lead to various kinds of cancers are discovered.
D. Most cancers studied have signatures from mutational processes linked to aging.
第二节 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
首先，请阅读以下书籍的评论性简介：
A
Windsor Castle
Windsor Castle has been a royal residence for over 900 years and today it is one of the homes of
Queen Elizabeth II.
B
King's College, Cambridge
King's College, founded in 1441 by Henry VI, is a constituent (组成的)college of the University of Cambridge. It is world-famous for its choir(唱诗班).
C
Blackpool Tower
Blackpool Tower is a tourist attraction in Blackpool which was opened to the public on 14 May 1894. It is said to be the most famous seaside landmark in England.
D
Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace is one of the most popular landmarks in London. It is the home of the British royal family and surrounded by a 40-acre garden.
E
The Palace of Westminster
The Palace, lies on the north bank of the River Thames in the City of Westminster, is known
as the Houses of Parliament.
F
Tower of London
This royal fortress (堡垒), on the north bank of the River Thames, was built by William the Conqueror after his invasion of England in 1066.
阅读下面几位游客的简介，并为他们选择合适的参观地点。
46. Lily will graduate from senior high school this summer and she intends to go to a well-known college in London to study. But at first she wants to go around the whole city with her parents to get a better understanding of the universities in this city before she decides which school to attend.
47. Mr Wu, from China, is visiting the River Thames. He is told about the royal fortress and its long history. Therefore, as a history professor in a university, he has been looking forward to visiting the ancient building for a long time.
48. Yoyo, a Japanese girl, is visiting Blackpool with her friends. She has heard about the famous seaside landmark in this city-which is a must-see. Therefore, she intends to visit this famous sight after lunch.
49. Mr Smith, from the United States, is now visiting London. He has such a strong interest in famous people, like stars, kings and queens that he wants to learn about the daily life of the royal family, especially the everyday life of Queen Elizabeth II.
50. Mrs Green has a daughter of six years old and tomorrow is her daughter's birthday. She wants to take her daughter around so as to take some photos of her in memory of her birthday. Therefore, she would like to go to an amazing place with a lot of trees and flowers for taking photos.
III 写作
（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 基础写作（共1小题；满分15分）
【写作内容】，
请根据提示内容，为你校将举办的活动写一篇简报。
活动名称：参观战争图片展及观看战争电影。
时间及对象：本周末，全体师生
地 点：市博物馆
过 程：(1)参观战争图片并聆听战争幸存者讲述自己的亲身经历；
(2)观看战争电影，体会战争给人类带来的危害；
(3)分组讨论，发表自己对世界和平的向往。
目 的：让大家充分认识到战争带来的危害并为促进世界和平做贡献。
【写作要求】
只能用5个句子表达全部内容。
第二节 读写任务（共1小题；满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Usually I get along well with my classmates and we enjoy every moment together. However, something unpleasant happened last week between me and my deskmate, Sam. The whole thing was due to the fact that I lost my favorite pen. I insisted it was Sam who had taken it as he once told me that he also liked it very much. But Sam wouldn't admit it, and then we began to quarrel violently in the classroom. Both of us became so angry that the quarrel turned into a fight. After that, I couldn't focus myself on my studies. So I wanted to find a way to mend our friendship. I decided to turn to my parents for help. I told them what had happened. They kindly offered me advice, telling me that I should make up with Sam because friendship was more important than a pen. I took my parents' advice and apologize to Sam for my rudeness and then we became close friends again. By sharing secrets with my parents, I am able to solve my problems both in life and in study. So remember that whenever we have trouble, parents are always there to help us.
【写作内容】
1．以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2．以约120个词以“我们要不要和父母分享秘密”为话题，写一篇短文，内容要点包括：
(1)你读完文章的感受；
(2)简述一次你和父母分享秘密的经历；
(3)建议子女要与父母分享秘密。
【写作要求】
1．作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用
原文中的句子。
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
测试题参考答案
1-5 CDCAB 6-10 DDAAC 11-15 DBACB
16-25 (One possible version)
16. into 17. badly 18. if 19. to 20. Feeling
21. an 22. until 23. Sadly 24. who
25. had moved
26-30 ACCAD 31-35 DBCDA
36-40 ACDCB 41-45 DCCAD
46-50 BFCAD
基础写作 (One possible version)
The whole school will go to the city museum this weekend where we will view the picture display of wars and watch war movies. At the same time, we’ll invite some survivors to tell us their personal experiences during war. We can also experience the harm that war has brought to mankind while watching. After that, we will have a group discussion and express our desire for world peace. The aim of this activity is to make all of us fully realize the harm of war so that we can contribute to world peace.
读写任务 (One possible version)
With the help of his parents, the author and his deskmate, Sam, got along well as usual. The author also advises us to share our secrets with our parents.
After reading the story, I was deeply moved. How wonderful our parents are! Not only do they let us go to school, but also help us with all kinds of problems in life.
The story reminds me of my own experience of sharing a secret with my parents. It happened two years ago, when I fell in love with a girl in my class. The feeling was so strong that I couldn’t put my heart into my studies. Later, I told my parents about it. To my surprise, they didn’t blame me but just persuaded me to forget it. Though it took me some time to forget her, I was finally able to do it.
Parents are rich in social experience, so let’s share our secrets with our parents.
测试题部分答案解析
完形填空
本文讲述战争对一个家庭情感上的伤害。男孩出生、成长、恋爱、参军，家人千辛万苦盼回来的却是他的遗体。
1. C。根据上句可知，这是新生儿的出生的声音，是让人喜悦的，所以答案选C项。
2. D。根据逻辑推理，父母看见自己孩子天使般的脸，应该是感到骄傲自豪的。所以答案选D项。
3. C。根据语境可知，孩子长成一个充满希望与自豪的年轻小伙子了。选项C符合题意。
4. A。根据下文的They met at school and fell in love with each other并运用逻辑推断可知，他遇上了他的梦中女孩，所以答案选A项。
5. B。根据上下文语境以及运用逻辑推断可知，在离别前，他们许下了忠诚的诺言，所以答案选B项。
6. D。根据上文的the wedding and a dozen or more children of their own可知他们谈论的是结婚和生子，他们的孩子就是父母的孙子或孙女，所以答案选D项。
7. D。根据后文的the plane lifted off the ground and flew away可知，他与父母、未婚妻在机场告别，这是他们之间最后一次挥手。所以答案选D项。
8. A。根据下文的he would be home again soon可知，他离开的时间即将结束，所以选项A符合题意。
9. A。根据后文的“乘客的机舱门打开了”，说明飞机着陆了。所以答案选A项。
10. C。从后文的内容“一辆小卡车在下面滚动着要接东西”可知，行李舱门是没有锁的。所以答案选C项。
11. D。根据上下文和逻辑推理，父亲是在难过地低语，所以答案选D项。
12. B。根据这里的情景描写，得知是他的遗体，母亲眼泪夺眶而出，未婚妻放声大哭起来，所以答案选B项。
13. A。根据逻辑推理，他去参军并牺牲在了异国他乡，只有A项符合题意。
14. C。根据上文的they made 5 of faithfulness以及后文未婚妻的表现可知，未婚妻是真实且忠诚的，所以答案选C项。
15. B。根据文章内容可知，人们奉献的是生命，因此答案选B项。
语法填空
本文讲述的是一位大学生在受伤后如何受到周围的好心人关照的故事。
16. into。考查介词。根据上下文句意“作者的脸撞到了公交站牌上并且眼镜的镜片碎沫掉进了他的右眼”可知应填介词into。
17. badly。考查词性转换。根据上下文可知作者的脸伤得很厉害。这里应填副词修饰动词cut。
18. if。考查连词。根据文章内容，作者如果没有得到及时医治的话，右眼就会有失明的危险。这里应填连词if表假设。
19. to。考查介词。“be kind to” 意为“对某人友好”。
20. Feeling。考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语feeling rather embarrassed在句中作原因状语。
21. an。考查冠词。公交车司机把公交车停在了下一站，并且替我打电话叫了一辆救护车。
22. until。考查连词。那位好心的女士一直等到作者的母亲到达医院后才离去。
23. Sadly。考查词性转换。令人悲伤的是，我母亲和我从来没有感谢过这位女士。这里应填sad的副词形式。
24. who。考查关系代词。关系代词who在定语从句中作主语，修饰the lady。
25. had moved。考查动词的时态。当我们去感谢这位女士时，她已经搬去加拿大了。
阅读理解
A
本文介绍了世界上年龄最大的帝企鹅Missy，它的年龄足够破吉尼斯世界纪录了。
26. A。 细节理解题。根据第二段Missy the penguin will claim the crown as the oldest in the world after reaching 36 years old — 108 in human years.可推断Missy是世界上年龄最大的企鹅。
27. C。词义猜测题。根据Keepers had no idea that she was the world’s oldest until a zoo in Denmark claimed...可猜测the title应该是世界上年龄最大这个头衔。
28. C。细节理解题。根据第五段...it took King Penguins five years to become an adult.可知帝企鹅至少5岁才能成年。
29. A。细节理解题。根据第二段The ancient King Penguin arrived at the Birdland Park and Gardens in Gloucestershire when she was at least five years old in 1982.可知A正确。
30. D。推理判断题。纵观全文，本文主要报道了世界上年龄最大的帝企鹅，所以此篇文章是一则新闻报道。
B
本文主要介绍了小说《战争与和平》的创作历史和文化背景。
31. D。细节理解题。根据第一段Catherine, wishing to reshape Russia into a great European nation, made French the language of her royal court.可知答案为D。
32. B。细节理解题。根据第一段...it became a social requirement for members of the Russian nobility to speak French and understand French culture.可知说法语和了解法国文化是当时俄国贵族成员的社会需求。
33. C。主旨大意题。第一段主要介绍的是小说《战争与和平》的历史和文化背景情况。
34. D。推理判断题。根据第三段Tolstoy also used a great deal of his own experience in the Crimean War to bring vivid detail and first-hand accounts of how the Russian army was structured.可推断出来托尔斯泰的战争经历为他的小说提供了很多一手资料。
35. A。细节理解题。根据第二段War and Peace tells the story of five noble families… mostly Napoleon’s invasion of Russia in 1812.可知答案为A。
C
美貌对女性的事业有帮助吗？
36. A。篇章结构题。第一段通过举一个求职的例子引出“美能否对女性的事业有帮助”这个话题。
37. C。推理判断题。根据第一段She is prettier than you and you lose this opportunity.可以推断出在求职中出现了一个比你漂亮的女性，结果你失去了这次工作机会。
38. D。推理判断题。根据第二段...beauty is a great advantage when one tries to apply for a job, there are others who consider that the things of major importance are one’s intelligence and self-confidence.可推断出只有D选项不在考虑的范围内。
39. C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段...there are other secret tricks that can help you to be a person of success. Impact and communication are two major secrets.可知影响力和沟通能力是成功的重要因素。
40. B。推理判断题。通读全文可知作者既肯定外貌在职业中起一定的作用，但并不能决定事业的成功，沟通能力和工作经验才是决定成功的要素，所以作者的态度是客观公正的态度。
D
英国研究人员通过基因研究发现了许多常见癌症的根源所在。
41. D。细节理解题。根据第一段导语部分...work that should in future lead to better ways to treat and prevent a wide range of cancers.可推断出答案。
42. C。细节理解题。 根据第三段All cancers are caused by mutations in DNA occurring in cells of the body during someone’s lifetime.可推断出答案，细胞中的DNA突变引发癌症。
43. C。细节理解题。 根据最后一段APOBEC can be activated when the body is responding to a viral infection.可知，当身体发生病毒感染是，APOBEC就可以被激活。
44. A。主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过基因研究发现了许多常见癌症的根源所在。
45. D。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Out of the 30 cancers, 25 have signatures from mutational processes linked to aging.可以推断出答案。
I 语言知识及应用
（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
They were both there the first time he cried - the sound of life beginning. It was a(n) l sound. Mom and Dad kept watching his angel face so 2
He 3 to be a young man full of hope and pride. He had dreams and plans for the future. In fact, waiting for him back home was the 4 of his dreams. They met at school and fell in love with each other. The last time they saw each other, they made 5 of faithfulness. They talked about the wedding and a dozen or more children of their own. Mom and Dad stood by, watching and dreaming of 6 to come and how they would spend the holidays together as one big family.
After long hugs, they 7 one last time as the plane lifted off the ground and flew away.
Months passed by and his time 8 was coming to an end. He would be home again soon.
They gathered at the airport once more to greet him. The plane 9 and the passenger door opened. But this was not for him - the back baggage door was 10 and a small truck rolled underneath to gather its contents.
"There, that must be him." Dad 11 quietly. Mom burst into tears. His wife-to-be bowed her head and cried 12 into her hands. They didn't hear his last cry when he died face down on 13 .soil. He was home just like he had promised while she was 14 and true.
Wars should never exist. However, as it had its place in our history, young men and women gave their 15 to the things that you and I take for granted every day. Cherish your freedom because it costs every life lost.
1. A. sad B. annoying
C. joyful D. grateful
2. A. desperately B. deliberately
C. seriously D. proudly
3. A. learnt B. aimed
C. grew D. required
4. A. girl B. friend
C. child D. relative
5. A. comments B. promises
C. plans D. suggestions
6. A. sons B. daughters
C. children D. grandchildren
7. A. cried B. nodded
C. shook D. waved
8. A. away B. back
C. off D. around
9. A. landed B. launched
C. slid D. flew
10. A. closed B. removed
C. unlocked D. knocked
11. A. stated B. announce
C. emphasized D. whispered
12. A. cautiously B. openly
C. fearfully D. nervously
13. A. foreign B. native
C. fertile D. familiar
14. A. beautiful B. hopeful
C. faithful D. painful
15. A. hearts B. lives
C. families D. experiences
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的
词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
When I was 18, 27 years ago, I was on my way home carrying heavy bags of books when I slipped on some black ice. I banged my face straight on the bus stop post and pieces of glass from my glasses went 16 my right eye. The bus driver waited for me to get into the bus. I had no idea that my face was 17 (bad) cut and that I was in danger of losing an eye 18 I did not get immediate medical attention. All the passengers on the bus were very kind 19 me. A lady on the bus came over to ask me if I was OK. 20 (feel) rather embarrassed, I told' her that I was fine. The bus driver stopped the bus at the next bus stop and called 21 ambulance for me.
The lady who asked me if I was OK went to the hospital with me and stayed with me 22 my mom came to get me. After several visits to the hospital, I was pleased that I still had sight in my right eye.
23 (sad), my mother and f never got to thank the lady 24 had left me her name, address and telephone number. When we went to thank her, she 25 (move) to Canada. I will always be grateful to Mrs O'Connor, wherever she is.
II 阅读
（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
A
She might be a tough old bird, but that hasn't stopped her walking her way into the record books.
Missy the penguin will claim the crown (王冠) as the oldest in the world after reaching 36 years old - 108 in human years. The ancient King Penguin arrived at the Birdland Park and Gardens in Gloucestershire when she was at least five years old in 1982. In spite of losing the sight in one eye, she is still the leader of the field today.
Keepers had no idea that she was the world's oldest until a zoo in Denmark claimed the title of a Gentoo penguin two years younger than Missy. Staff at Birdland Park and Gardens are now planning to send her details to the Guinness World Records to prove she has broken the record.
Missy spends most of her time with her partner Seth, who is thought to be 34 years old and had a starring role in the 1992 film Batman Returns.
Although we cannot provide the exact age of Missy, we do know she was an adult when she came to Birdland and King Penguins take five years to become an adult. Therefore, she must be, at the very least, 36 years old although she could actually be older.
King Penguins live to be around 26 years old on average, and even less in the wild due to diseases. You really wouldn't know Missy's old age only by looking at her, because she acts like all of the other penguins here. King Penguins are distinguishable (能分辨出来的) by their orange breasts and cheeks. They are the second largest species of penguin, can weigh up to 40 lbs, and can dive to over 330 ft at a time.
26. What world record does Missy break?
A. The oldest penguin in the world.
B. The only King Penguin on the earth.
C. The oldest human reaching 108 years old.
D. The only penguin walking the farthest way.
27. The underlined phrase "the title" refers to _____.
A. the name of a Gentoo penguin
B. the leader in Gloucestershire
C. the honor to be the world's oldest penguin
D. the oldest penguin in a zoo in Denmark
28. If we call a King Penguin an adult, she might be at least_______.
A. two years old B. 18 years old
C. five years old D. 26 years old
29. What do we know about Missy?
A. She arrived at the Birdland Park and Gardens when she was at least five years old.
B. She spends all her time with her partner Seth, who is two years younger than her.
C. Her oldest age has been recorded into the book - Guinness World Records.
D. She has one eye and acts differently compared to other penguins.
30. Where does the passage probably come from?
A. A research plan. B. A science fiction.
C. A book review. D. A news report.
B
The novel War and Peace began in the year 1805 during the rule of Tsar Alexander I and led up to the 1812 French invasion of Russia by Napoleon. The time of Catherine the Great (1762-1796), when the royal court in Paris was the centre of western European civilization, is still fresh in the minds of older people. Catherine, wishing to reshape Russia into a great European nation, made French the language of her royal court. For the next one hundred years, it became a social requirement for members of the Russian nobility to speak French and understand French culture. This historical and cultural background of the nobility is reflected in War and Peace. Catherine's grandson, Alexander I, came to the throne (王位) in 1801 at the age of 24. In the novel, his mother, Marya Feodorovna, is the most powerful woman in the Russian court.
War and Peace tens the story of five noble families-the Bezukhovs, the Bolkonskys, the Rostovs, the Kuragins and the Drubetskoys - and the relationship between their personal lives and the contemporary history from 1805 to 1813, mostly Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812.
Tolstoy spent many years researching and rewriting the book. He worked from primary source materials (interviews and other documents), as well as from history books and other historical novels. Tolstoy also used a great deal of his own experience in the Crimean War to bring vivid detail and first- hand accounts of how the Russian army was structured.
The standard Russian text of War and Peace is divided into four books (fifteen parts) and an epilogue (后记)in two parts - one is mainly narrative, the other is thematic While the first half of the novel is concerned strictly with the fictional (虚构的)characters, the later parts increasingly consist of essays about the nature of war, power and history.
31. Why did Catherine make French the language of her royal court?
A. Because she hoped to invade France in the future.
B. Because she was interested in France and fluent in French.
C. Because she wanted her people to remember Napoleon's invasion.
D. Because she wanted to rebuild Russia into a great European nation.
32. What became the social necessity of the Russian noblemen when Catherine ruled Russia?
A. To understand western European civilization.
B. To speak French and understand French culture.
C. To understand the background of War and Peace.
D. To speak Russian and understand Russian culture
33. Paragraph l is mainly concerned with_____.
A. the French invasion of Russia by Napoleon
B. the brief introduction of the age of Catherine the Great
C. the historical and cultural background of War and Peace
D. the social requirement for members of the Russian nobility
34. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. Tolstoy copied a lot from philosophy novels and other historical texts
B. Catherine is the most powerful woman in the Russian court in War and Peace
C. the royal court in Paris was the centre of western European civilization in 1805
D. the creation of the novel benefited from Tolstoy's own experience in the war
35. What can we learn from the novel War and peace?
A. It describes the story of five noble families mainly in 1812.
B. The standard Russian text of War and Peace is divided into two parts.
C. Its characters come from the real world during the time of Catherine the Great.
D. The first half of the novel is concerned with the nature of war, power and history.
C
You have an excellent curriculum vitae (简历), you are sure of your ability, and you are convinced that you are going to impress him, when suddenly, there she appears. You know nothing about the other competitors, when in fact you have one of them just in front of you. She is prettier than you and you lose this opportunity.
While some people say that beauty is a great advantage when one tries to apply for a job, there are others who consider that the things of major importance are one's intelligence and self-confidence. Being handsome is an advantage only if this quality is sustained (维持) by the other two mentioned above. At least, this is as it should be, but things are not like this always. Each time we compare ourselves with the ones around us. Persons who employ others for certain jobs are firstly amazed by the physical appearance of the ones who compete. Is it really easier to be successful in a career for the women who look better and come to compete for a job, than the ones who don't look so good?
Even if you don't have the appearance of a model, there are other secret tricks that can help you to be a person of success. Impact and communication are two major secrets. Nice presence and good professional experience are some of the secrets to applying for a job. People who bet on their beauty or physical appearance can make use of these qualities only for a short period of time because one day, they will be asked to perform.
All in an, nobody says that it is good to be ugly, but to appreciate somebody's ability and value after her physical appearance is something unfair and unprofessional.
36. The writer introduced the topic by _______.
A. giving an example
B. making a comparison
C. giving a definition
D. following time order
37. What can be implied in Paragraph l?
A. A job application is determined by your abilities.
B. The employer must be impressed by your abilities.
C. The girl who is more beautiful than you will be employed.
D. A good curriculum vitae decides your success in applying for a job.
38. According to Paragraph 2, which may NOT be considered important in job application?
A. Beauty. B. Intelligence.
C. Self-confidence. D. Family background.
39. Which statement does the writer probably support?
A. Performances and results can be made use of for a little time.
B. Beauty or physical appearance can guarantee success in the career.
C. Influence and communication are two major secrets to one's success.
D. To admire one's competence and value is considered unfair and unprofessional.
40. What's the writer's attitude to the topic "beauty in women's career"?
A. Positive. B. Fair.
C. Negative. D. Unknown.
D
Researchers in Britain have set out the first comprehensive map of mutational (突变的) processes behind the development of cancers - work that should in future lead to better ways to treat and prevent a wide range of cancers.
In a study published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, researchers who analyzed more than 7,000 genetic codes of common forms of cancer uncovered 21 so-called signatures of processes that mutate DNA.
Through detailed analysis, we can start to use large amounts of information buried deeply in the DNA of cancers to understand how and why cancers arise. All cancers are caused by mutations in DNA occurring in cells of the body during someone's lifetime.
Scientists are clear about some things such as that chemicals in cigarette smoking cause mutations in lung cells that lead to lung cancer. But they have yet to figure out the biological processes that cause mutations behind most common cancers.
The team analyzed the genetic codes of 7,042 cases of cancer in people from around the world, covering 30 different types of the disease, to see if they could find patterns or signatures of mutational processes.
They discovered that all the cancers contain two or more signatures - a finding that shows the variety of processes that work together when a cancer develops.
They also found that different cancers have different numbers of mutational processes. And some signatures are found in many types of cancer, while others are only found in one type. Out of the 30 cancers, 25 have signatures from mutational processes linked to aging.
In a suggestion of what might be behind many common cancers, the team also discovered that a family of enzymes (酶) called APOBEC, known to mutate DNA, was linked to more than half of the cancer types studied. APOBEC can be activated when the body is responding to a viral infection.
41. The findings may contribute to______.
A. stopping people from suffering cancers in the future
B. uncovering what kinds of people are likely to have cancers
C. helping to conquer all cancers people will suffer in the future
D. treating and preventing a wide range of cancers in the future
42. All cancers are caused by_____.
A. chemicals in cigarette smoking
B. information buried in DNA
C. DNA mutations in the cells
D. a family of enzymes
43. According to the study, we know that APOBEC____.
A. hides behind all types of common cancers
B. is associated with all the types of cancers studied
C. can be activated when the body is infected by viruses
D. is a kind of enzyme that exists in half of the cancers studied
44. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Gene study uncovers origins of many common cancers
B. How to treat and prevent a wide range of cancers
C. What causes mutations behind most common cancers
D. Cancers have different numbers of mutational processes
45. What can we learn from the passage?
A. There is at least one process working when a cancer develops.
B. Different cancers have the same numbers of mutational processes.
C. Mutational processes that lead to various kinds of cancers are discovered.
D. Most cancers studied have signatures from mutational processes linked to aging.
第二节 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
首先，请阅读以下书籍的评论性简介：
A
Windsor Castle
Windsor Castle has been a royal residence for over 900 years and today it is one of the homes of
Queen Elizabeth II.
B
King's College, Cambridge
King's College, founded in 1441 by Henry VI, is a constituent (组成的)college of the University of Cambridge. It is world-famous for its choir(唱诗班).
C
Blackpool Tower
Blackpool Tower is a tourist attraction in Blackpool which was opened to the public on 14 May 1894. It is said to be the most famous seaside landmark in England.
D
Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace is one of the most popular landmarks in London. It is the home of the British royal family and surrounded by a 40-acre garden.
E
The Palace of Westminster
The Palace, lies on the north bank of the River Thames in the City of Westminster, is known
as the Houses of Parliament.
F
Tower of London
This royal fortress (堡垒), on the north bank of the River Thames, was built by William the Conqueror after his invasion of England in 1066.
阅读下面几位游客的简介，并为他们选择合适的参观地点。
46. Lily will graduate from senior high school this summer and she intends to go to a well-known college in London to study. But at first she wants to go around the whole city with her parents to get a better understanding of the universities in this city before she decides which school to attend.
47. Mr Wu, from China, is visiting the River Thames. He is told about the royal fortress and its long history. Therefore, as a history professor in a university, he has been looking forward to visiting the ancient building for a long time.
48. Yoyo, a Japanese girl, is visiting Blackpool with her friends. She has heard about the famous seaside landmark in this city-which is a must-see. Therefore, she intends to visit this famous sight after lunch.
49. Mr Smith, from the United States, is now visiting London. He has such a strong interest in famous people, like stars, kings and queens that he wants to learn about the daily life of the royal family, especially the everyday life of Queen Elizabeth II.
50. Mrs Green has a daughter of six years old and tomorrow is her daughter's birthday. She wants to take her daughter around so as to take some photos of her in memory of her birthday. Therefore, she would like to go to an amazing place with a lot of trees and flowers for taking photos.
III 写作
（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 基础写作（共1小题；满分15分）
【写作内容】，
请根据提示内容，为你校将举办的活动写一篇简报。
活动名称：参观战争图片展及观看战争电影。
时间及对象：本周末，全体师生
地 点：市博物馆
过 程：(1)参观战争图片并聆听战争幸存者讲述自己的亲身经历；
(2)观看战争电影，体会战争给人类带来的危害；
(3)分组讨论，发表自己对世界和平的向往。
目 的：让大家充分认识到战争带来的危害并为促进世界和平做贡献。
【写作要求】
只能用5个句子表达全部内容。
第二节 读写任务（共1小题；满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Usually I get along well with my classmates and we enjoy every moment together. However, something unpleasant happened last week between me and my deskmate, Sam. The whole thing was due to the fact that I lost my favorite pen. I insisted it was Sam who had taken it as he once told me that he also liked it very much. But Sam wouldn't admit it, and then we began to quarrel violently in the classroom. Both of us became so angry that the quarrel turned into a fight. After that, I couldn't focus myself on my studies. So I wanted to find a way to mend our friendship. I decided to turn to my parents for help. I told them what had happened. They kindly offered me advice, telling me that I should make up with Sam because friendship was more important than a pen. I took my parents' advice and apologize to Sam for my rudeness and then we became close friends again. By sharing secrets with my parents, I am able to solve my problems both in life and in study. So remember that whenever we have trouble, parents are always there to help us.
【写作内容】
1．以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2．以约120个词以“我们要不要和父母分享秘密”为话题，写一篇短文，内容要点包括：
(1)你读完文章的感受；
(2)简述一次你和父母分享秘密的经历；
(3)建议子女要与父母分享秘密。
【写作要求】
1．作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用
原文中的句子。
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
测试题参考答案
1-5 CDCAB 6-10 DDAAC 11-15 DBACB
16-25 (One possible version)
16. into 17. badly 18. if 19. to 20. Feeling
21. an 22. until 23. Sadly 24. who
25. had moved
26-30 ACCAD 31-35 DBCDA
36-40 ACDCB 41-45 DCCAD
46-50 BFCAD
基础写作 (One possible version)
The whole school will go to the city museum this weekend where we will view the picture display of wars and watch war movies. At the same time, we’ll invite some survivors to tell us their personal experiences during war. We can also experience the harm that war has brought to mankind while watching. After that, we will have a group discussion and express our desire for world peace. The aim of this activity is to make all of us fully realize the harm of war so that we can contribute to world peace.
读写任务 (One possible version)
With the help of his parents, the author and his deskmate, Sam, got along well as usual. The author also advises us to share our secrets with our parents.
After reading the story, I was deeply moved. How wonderful our parents are! Not only do they let us go to school, but also help us with all kinds of problems in life.
The story reminds me of my own experience of sharing a secret with my parents. It happened two years ago, when I fell in love with a girl in my class. The feeling was so strong that I couldn’t put my heart into my studies. Later, I told my parents about it. To my surprise, they didn’t blame me but just persuaded me to forget it. Though it took me some time to forget her, I was finally able to do it.
Parents are rich in social experience, so let’s share our secrets with our parents.
测试题部分答案解析
完形填空
本文讲述战争对一个家庭情感上的伤害。男孩出生、成长、恋爱、参军，家人千辛万苦盼回来的却是他的遗体。
1. C。根据上句可知，这是新生儿的出生的声音，是让人喜悦的，所以答案选C项。
2. D。根据逻辑推理，父母看见自己孩子天使般的脸，应该是感到骄傲自豪的。所以答案选D项。
3. C。根据语境可知，孩子长成一个充满希望与自豪的年轻小伙子了。选项C符合题意。
4. A。根据下文的They met at school and fell in love with each other并运用逻辑推断可知，他遇上了他的梦中女孩，所以答案选A项。
5. B。根据上下文语境以及运用逻辑推断可知，在离别前，他们许下了忠诚的诺言，所以答案选B项。
6. D。根据上文的the wedding and a dozen or more children of their own可知他们谈论的是结婚和生子，他们的孩子就是父母的孙子或孙女，所以答案选D项。
7. D。根据后文的the plane lifted off the ground and flew away可知，他与父母、未婚妻在机场告别，这是他们之间最后一次挥手。所以答案选D项。
8. A。根据下文的he would be home again soon可知，他离开的时间即将结束，所以选项A符合题意。
9. A。根据后文的“乘客的机舱门打开了”，说明飞机着陆了。所以答案选A项。
10. C。从后文的内容“一辆小卡车在下面滚动着要接东西”可知，行李舱门是没有锁的。所以答案选C项。
11. D。根据上下文和逻辑推理，父亲是在难过地低语，所以答案选D项。
12. B。根据这里的情景描写，得知是他的遗体，母亲眼泪夺眶而出，未婚妻放声大哭起来，所以答案选B项。
13. A。根据逻辑推理，他去参军并牺牲在了异国他乡，只有A项符合题意。
14. C。根据上文的they made 5 of faithfulness以及后文未婚妻的表现可知，未婚妻是真实且忠诚的，所以答案选C项。
15. B。根据文章内容可知，人们奉献的是生命，因此答案选B项。
语法填空
本文讲述的是一位大学生在受伤后如何受到周围的好心人关照的故事。
16. into。考查介词。根据上下文句意“作者的脸撞到了公交站牌上并且眼镜的镜片碎沫掉进了他的右眼”可知应填介词into。
17. badly。考查词性转换。根据上下文可知作者的脸伤得很厉害。这里应填副词修饰动词cut。
18. if。考查连词。根据文章内容，作者如果没有得到及时医治的话，右眼就会有失明的危险。这里应填连词if表假设。
19. to。考查介词。“be kind to” 意为“对某人友好”。
20. Feeling。考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语feeling rather embarrassed在句中作原因状语。
21. an。考查冠词。公交车司机把公交车停在了下一站，并且替我打电话叫了一辆救护车。
22. until。考查连词。那位好心的女士一直等到作者的母亲到达医院后才离去。
23. Sadly。考查词性转换。令人悲伤的是，我母亲和我从来没有感谢过这位女士。这里应填sad的副词形式。
24. who。考查关系代词。关系代词who在定语从句中作主语，修饰the lady。
25. had moved。考查动词的时态。当我们去感谢这位女士时，她已经搬去加拿大了。
阅读理解
A
本文介绍了世界上年龄最大的帝企鹅Missy，它的年龄足够破吉尼斯世界纪录了。
26. A。 细节理解题。根据第二段Missy the penguin will claim the crown as the oldest in the world after reaching 36 years old — 108 in human years.可推断Missy是世界上年龄最大的企鹅。
27. C。词义猜测题。根据Keepers had no idea that she was the world’s oldest until a zoo in Denmark claimed...可猜测the title应该是世界上年龄最大这个头衔。
28. C。细节理解题。根据第五段...it took King Penguins five years to become an adult.可知帝企鹅至少5岁才能成年。
29. A。细节理解题。根据第二段The ancient King Penguin arrived at the Birdland Park and Gardens in Gloucestershire when she was at least five years old in 1982.可知A正确。
30. D。推理判断题。纵观全文，本文主要报道了世界上年龄最大的帝企鹅，所以此篇文章是一则新闻报道。
B
本文主要介绍了小说《战争与和平》的创作历史和文化背景。
31. D。细节理解题。根据第一段Catherine, wishing to reshape Russia into a great European nation, made French the language of her royal court.可知答案为D。
32. B。细节理解题。根据第一段...it became a social requirement for members of the Russian nobility to speak French and understand French culture.可知说法语和了解法国文化是当时俄国贵族成员的社会需求。
33. C。主旨大意题。第一段主要介绍的是小说《战争与和平》的历史和文化背景情况。
34. D。推理判断题。根据第三段Tolstoy also used a great deal of his own experience in the Crimean War to bring vivid detail and first-hand accounts of how the Russian army was structured.可推断出来托尔斯泰的战争经历为他的小说提供了很多一手资料。
35. A。细节理解题。根据第二段War and Peace tells the story of five noble families… mostly Napoleon’s invasion of Russia in 1812.可知答案为A。
C
美貌对女性的事业有帮助吗？
36. A。篇章结构题。第一段通过举一个求职的例子引出“美能否对女性的事业有帮助”这个话题。
37. C。推理判断题。根据第一段She is prettier than you and you lose this opportunity.可以推断出在求职中出现了一个比你漂亮的女性，结果你失去了这次工作机会。
38. D。推理判断题。根据第二段...beauty is a great advantage when one tries to apply for a job, there are others who consider that the things of major importance are one’s intelligence and self-confidence.可推断出只有D选项不在考虑的范围内。
39. C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段...there are other secret tricks that can help you to be a person of success. Impact and communication are two major secrets.可知影响力和沟通能力是成功的重要因素。
40. B。推理判断题。通读全文可知作者既肯定外貌在职业中起一定的作用，但并不能决定事业的成功，沟通能力和工作经验才是决定成功的要素，所以作者的态度是客观公正的态度。
D
英国研究人员通过基因研究发现了许多常见癌症的根源所在。
41. D。细节理解题。根据第一段导语部分...work that should in future lead to better ways to treat and prevent a wide range of cancers.可推断出答案。
42. C。细节理解题。 根据第三段All cancers are caused by mutations in DNA occurring in cells of the body during someone’s lifetime.可推断出答案，细胞中的DNA突变引发癌症。
43. C。细节理解题。 根据最后一段APOBEC can be activated when the body is responding to a viral infection.可知，当身体发生病毒感染是，APOBEC就可以被激活。
44. A。主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过基因研究发现了许多常见癌症的根源所在。
45. D。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Out of the 30 cancers, 25 have signatures from mutational processes linked to aging.可以推断出答案。