2013-2014年深圳市高中英语必修5- 6期末测试题
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| 名称 | 2013-2014年深圳市高中英语必修5- 6期末测试题 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2014-03-18 20:43:21 | ||
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2013-2014年深圳市高中英语必修 5-6期末测试题
I 语言知识及应用
（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
Millions of trees are accidentally planted by squirrels (松鼠) who bury nuts and then fail to remember where they hid them. From the squirrels I learn "Do good and 1 ". This will produce unexpected results.
"Fallen flowers can't climb back." Don't think 2 of the “lost” past. Just love the present and live for the future. From this, I learn that if you make flowers' roots 3 , there will never
be a shortage of flowers.
Nature uses broken things 4 . Broken clouds pour rain! Broken mountains carry rivers! Broken seeds give bread! From nature I have learned broken things can be 5 . I have also learned the purpose of my life is duty. No person has ever been 6 for what he has received. He is always honored for what he has 7 . From humanity I learn our 8 should be on giving instead of receiving.
A soldier died when fighting bravely. People came to offer their 9 . His mother asked, "Will you ensure his sacrifice(牺牲) was not a waste?" Most people were left 10 . I can imagine her pain. She must be torn apart thinking her son's death was a waste. She did not want a 11 in the name of her son. She just wanted to believe her son's sacrifice was not a. waste! Was she asking for too much? Not at all!
From this mother's pain I learn the sacrifice of others should 12 go to waste. Little things, experiences and observations of life 13 us a lot. For us, they are like seeds that can become trees of strength and lighthouses for direction. Hold as many 14 as possible and create as many trees as possible. You will see it's easy to do this, but to 15 these seeds can make life difficult.
1. A. continue B. forget
C. spread D. leave
2. A. deeply B. rarely
C. simply D. highly
3. A. exposed B. loose
C. strong D. special
4. A. accidentally B. beautifully
C. gradually D. frequently
5. A. useful B. typical
C. awful D. meaningless
6. A. chosen B. rewarded
C. blamed D. teased
7. A. changed B. learned
C. required D. given
8. A. devotion B. desire
C. focus D. task
9. A. views B. attitudes
C. hearts D. sympathies
10. A. careless B. kindless
C. speechless D. selfless
11. A. statue B. picture
C. memory D. body
12. A. still B. always
C. never D. ever
13. A. teach B. expect
C. offer D. concern
14. A. chances B. seeds
C. possibilities D. clues
15. A. grow B. select
C. ignore D. discover
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的
词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
More than one million people visit Death Valley each year. Furnace Creek is the 16 (large) area of human activity within Death Valley National Park. There is not only 17 hotel there, but also camping areas where people can put up temporary cloth homes called tents. Visitors who arrive in huge mobile homes can also find a place to park 18 vehicles.
The famous Furnace Creek Inn is a beautiful hotel that 19 (build) of stone more than 75 years ago. The inn is built on a low hill. The main public room in the hotel has large windows 20 look far out over Death Valley. Hotel guests gather near these large windows in the evening 21 (watch) the sun make long shadows on the floor of the valley and on the far mountains. This beautiful image seems to change each minute. The sun slowly turns the valley a gold color which deepens to a soft brown, and then changes 22 a dark red. As night comes, the mountains turn a dark purple color, then black.
Usually, visitors are very quiet 23 this event takes place. A few try to photograph it, 24 the valley is too huge to capture in a photograph. Most visitors watch this 25 (nature) beauty and leave only with memories of the sunset at the beautiful Death Valley National Park.
II 阅读
（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
A
If you asked teenage girls in Canada and the USA who the most popular male singer was, most-of them would probably answer Justin Bieber.
Justin, a 19-year-old boy, was born on March lst,1994 in Stratford, Ontario. He first started singing in 2007, and was discovered by Scooter Braun, who quickly became his manager. Justin's manager flew with him to Atlanta, Georgia to sing for Usher. When Usher heard him singing, he was very impressed. Antonio L.A. Reid at Island Records signed with Justin in October 2008.
Justin's first song was One Time, and it quickly went to be the top of the charts. Although I found it was a great song, I didn't worship it like lots of other girls I knew. To know why this song had done so well, I decided to get in touch with some people I knew who were absolutely crazy about
him.
I talked with twenty girls, aged 12 to 14, and found some similarities in their answers. When asked why they loved him so much, 16 people said they loved him for his "killer looks", while 2 people said they loved him because his songs came from his heart. And the other 2 people said they liked him for his singing.
This information tells us that even if about 80% of your fans like you only because of your looks, you can still make it far in the world.
So, with all this information, you can probably figure it out: Without his good looks, Justin probably wouldn't have become so famous in his singing career.
26. Justin Bieber may be regarded as _______male singer by most teenage girls in Canada and
the USA.
A. the most popular
B. the most successful
C. the most handsome
D. the most boring
27. Justin Bieber's talent .for singing was first discovered by________.
A. Stratford B. Scooter Braun
C. Usher D. Antonio L.A. Reid
28. Justin Bieber was signed to a record company when he was only ______ years old.
A. 13 B. 14
C. 18 D. 19
29. According to the author's survey, most people like Justin Bieber because of his ______.
A. good looks
B. excellent singing
C. amazing experience
D. musical talent
30. The author concludes at the end of the passage that ______.
A. Justin Bieber is a famous singer in Canada and the USA
B. Justin Bieber became famous when he was very young
C. Justin Bieber wouldn't have been so popular without good looks
D. people shouldn't like Justin Bieber just because of his looks
B
Africa has become a growing market for high technology products, and it may soon be a base for a lot more hi-tech companies. Experts are predicting growing competition on the continent as it tends to meet the needs of its young and middle class populations.
DHL is a company which provides transportation by train, road, sea and air. The company sees Africa as a place where its business can be expanded. But for that to happen, more international companies will invest in the continent and set up operations there. Sumesh Rahavendra of DHL, who is the company's head of marketing for African countries south of the Sahara Desert, sees that happening. He said, "There's quite a lot of evidence about global companies starting to set up base in Africa. Take SAP, IBM or the Chinese company, Hisense, for example. All of them are setting base in Africa and looking at how specially they can develop the African market."
He also emphasized, "I travel a lot around Africa and so does the rest of our team. We find the technology booms in every country in Africa. People who never had access to a desktop PC are now playing with smart phones. The level and speed of adoption has been significant as more middle class and upper middle class consumers in Africa get access to technology."
He describes the continent's one billion people as a largely untouched market for many products. "The majority of people are very young. And with a young population who is going to adopt technology and products in the future, it represents a significant potential for any international company coming
DHL has been operating in Africa for more than 35 years. And Mr Rahavendra notes as more and more companies set up operations on the continent, business for DHL will increase. He says there are possibilities for growth in every African country.
31. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. Africa attracting tour companies.
B. Africa attracting hi-tech companies.
C. Africa attracting young foreigners.
D. Africa attracting more consumers.
32. Which of the following is a Chinese company?
A. DHL. B. SAP.
C. IBM. D. Hisense.
33. DHL is entering Africa in order to_______.
A. help the African economy develop faster
B. reach the largely untouched market
C. provide more jobs for the local people
D. reduce the production costs
34. What is the meaning of the underlined word "booms" in the third paragraph?
A. Develops rapidly.
B. Falls quickly.
C. Changes slowly.
D. Decreases slowly.
35. Which of the following statements about DHL is TRUE?
A. It is a train company.
B. It is an African company.
C. It has been operating in Africa since it was built 30 years ago.
D. Business of DHL will increase with the arrival of more companies.
C
When European settlers arrived in North America, they brought European diseases with them. Then, huge numbers of Native Americans began dying from smallpox (天花) infection. Five-hundred-year-old documents record this tale, but now scientists say they've found other evidence buried deep inside human cells.
In a new study, Brendan O'Fallon and Lars Fehren-Schmitz report evidence found in genes that the Native American population dropped by half after the arrival of Europeans. O'Fallon studies genes at ARUP Laboratories in Salt 'Lake City, while Fehren-Schmitz is a scientist who studies humankind, at the University of G?ttingen in Germany.
Cells make up every part of the body. Deep inside almost every cell is a long, coiled molecule(盘绕颗粒) called DNA. Genes are parts of DNA that play important roles in determining one's life. Genes help determine a person's appearance, such as skin color and height, and also play a role in many things you can’t see, like the chance of getting a disease.
Genes change over time, and by following these changes scientists can learn about a person's ancestors. O'Fallon and Fehren-Schmitz looked at genes in the mitochondria of cells ( mitochondria are like factories that help cells use energy from food.). The scientists compared DNA from the remains of ancient Native Americans with DNA from loving people descended（遗传）from Native Americans.
The scientists studied patterns in the genes from the two groups and identified ways 'that the patterns changed over time. Using statistics, which includes useful mathematical tools for analyzing large amounts of data, the researchers were able to judge the size of the Native American population before and after the Europeans' arrival. The comparison showed the number of native people reduced sharply after European settlers landed in the New World.
Earlier genetic studies didn't have evidence of the Native American die-off Scientists involved in the new study say that there's now more data from ancient remains, so researchers can get a better idea of what happened.
36. When European settlers arrived, they brought_____ to North America.
A. smallpox disease B. old documents
C. other evidence D. a new study
37. Brendan O'Fallon and Lars Fehren-Schmitz work ________.
A. at the same university
B. in the same country
C. for different purposes
D. to get the same result
38. Genes help determine many things of a person EXCEPT________.
A. a person's appearance
B. a person's skin color
C. a person's height
D. a person's success
39. The scientists got the result of the study by______.
A. following genes' change over time
B. studying genes of ancient people
C. analyzing large amounts of data
D. finding out genes in the cells
40. What can be the best title of this passage?
A. Scientists working on genes
B. Genes tell an old story
C. Europeans' arrival in America
D. DNA changes over time
D
Over the past decade, I've met a great many people who struggle with their dietary decisions. Usually, they label themselves as stress eaters, emotional eaters and boredom eaters. And meanwhile the foods they tend to struggle with may vary. There's one factor that ties most of them together – their struggles occur mainly at night.
For most of them, their morning breakfasts are incredibly light in calories and even some skip them. Lunches are well-controlled too. But when they drive home from work, their battles against
various dietary devils begin.
I'm sure that these people's battles against dietary decisions have something to do with a hunger hormone called ghrelin, which can increase in response to fasting (禁食) or to taking in less calories. Because they know they always struggle in the latter parts of the day, they keep their daytime calories purposely low and even intentionally skip meals; they try not to take in many calories in the day. However, this sets up a recurrent(循环的)pattern of feasting behaviors at night.
Perhaps nighttime strugglers produce more ghrelin. But one thing's sure: If your struggles only occur at night, there's a great chance that you can switch them off without the requirement of willpower.
All that you need to do is to adjust your daytime eating. Eat more calories throughout the day, and ghrelin production won't increase. And if you stick during the first few weeks to eating an extra snack 30 to 60 minutes before your struggles would have traditionally begun, you may help your body to forget your previous recurrent pattern of nighttime feast.
Of course, if your dietary witching-hours are during your drive home, your evenings or your nights, then you may lose nothing in trying this two-week science experiment.
41. According to the passage, what's the common problem to the stress eaters, emotional eaters
and boredom eaters?
A. The foods they tend to struggle with are almost the same.
B. They often eat the foods they struggle with at night.
C. Their breakfasts are incredibly heavy in calories.
D. They don't have breakfast or lunch altogether.
42. What can we know about ghrelin?
A. If you don't eat anything or take in low energy, it will increase.
B. It has nothing to do with a recurrent pattern of feasting behaviors at night.
C. Those strugglers who overeat at night must produce more ghrelin.
D. Eat more calories throughout the day, and ghrelin production will increase.
43. Which of the following might not cause some people's nighttime struggles?
A. Stress. B. Boredom.
C. Exercise. D. Emotion.
44. What is the last but one paragraph mainly about?
A. More calories are needed throughout the day.
B. Eating snacks is not helpful in solving your problem.
C. Adjusting daytime eating can conquer nighttime struggles.
D. It's hard for people to forget the nighttime feast pattern.
45. In the next paragraph, the author will talk about_______.
A. how to do an experiment
B. something to eat at night
C. how to lose weight
D. a two-week science experiment
第二节 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
首先，请阅读以下书籍的评论性简介：
Science Museum
In the Science Museum you can discover everything about art, the environment, animals, space, medicine, transportation and energy. There is also a 3D cinema in the museum.
Natural History Museum
In the Natural History Museum you can learn everything you want to know about evolution and you will find a huge collection of dinosaur skeletons(骨架) which are well worth a visit.
Museum of London
The Museum of London is about the history of London, from Roman times to the present. You can visit any, part of the museum for free.
Sherlock Holmes Museum
The Sherlock Holmes Museum explores the world of the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes. The museum stands on the site where Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson once lived.
Shakespeare's Globe
Shakespeare's Globe was built in 1997 as a reconstruction of the theater where William Shakespeare and his company performed.
British Museum
The British Museum, situated on Great Russell Street, is the biggest museum in London. You'll find archaeological (考古的) remains from ancient Egypt to the present.
根据下面各位人士的情况选择他们要参观的博物馆。
46. Mr Brown is very interested in the history of London and he wants to spend his weekend in a museum in London. In addition, he doesn't want to pay any money to see the exhibits' in the museum so he has to find a museum that is free to visit.
47. Mr Jackson admires Shakespeare and his plays very much and he is free on the coming weekend. Therefore he would like to pay a visit to the theatre where this great playwright used to perform.
48. Mr and Mrs Smith have decided to take their children to one of the museums in London on the coming weekend so that they can have a good time together. Since the two children are eager to watch a 3D film, they are determined to meet their demand.
49. Mr White has read a lot of detective stories about the famous detective Sherlock Holmes. Therefore, he is determined to pay a visit to the house where Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson lived.
50. Mr and Mrs Green live on Great Russell Street. They don't want to spend too much time on the crowded streets. Since there is a well-known museum on this street, they would like to visit it, taking their children with them.
III 写作
（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 基础写作（共1小题；满分15分）
【写作内容】
请根据提示内容写一篇英语短文，为下面的的活动写一份简报。
活动名称：“中国梦”演讲比赛
活动时间及地点：2014年1月3日下午 3:00-5:00，学校礼堂
活动内容： (1)首先观看“中国梦”系列片Inspiration：
(2)参赛选手讲述自己对“中国梦”的理解；
(3)谈谈自己打算如何去实现自己的梦想；
(4)选出优秀选手参加县举办的演讲比赛。
活动目的：引导学生为实现国家富强，民族兴旺的伟大“中国梦”而努力学习。
*系列片serial
【写作要求】
只能使用五个句子表达全部内容。
第二节 读写任务（共1小题；满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
The challenge of providing safe and plentiful water for all is one of the most difficult challenges facing the world today. According to an Uzbek saying, "if you run out of water, you run out of life." Some people would probably say that those words seem exaggerated(夸张的) Each year about two million people die because of dirty water, and 90% of the victims are children.
The Aral Sea in Central Asia was the fourth largest lake on the planet in 1960. By 2007 it had reduced to 10% of its original size, according to Scientific American. At one time, Australia's mill processed enough grain to meet the needs of 20 million people. However, the mill closed in De- cember 2007 due to the six long years of drought, according to The New York Times.
The water crisis is global. It brings health risks to billions of people around the globe. Many steps have been taken to bring water supply back into balance in some areas of the world, but not in others. This global balance is a vital necessity if we are not to have a serious water shortage in certain areas.
【写作内容】
1．以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2．以约120个词以“Protect Our Drinking Water”为话题写一篇短文，谈一谈我们应如何保护我们的饮用水，内容包括如下要点：
(1)安全饮用水的重要性；
(2)世界所面临的饮水困难；
(3)我们应如何保护水资源？
【写作要求】
1．作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用
原文中的句子。
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
测试题参考答案
1-5 BDCBA 6-10 BDCDC 11-15 ACABC
16-25 (One possible version)
16. largest 17. a 18. their 19. was built
20. that / which 21. to watch 22. into
23. when / as 24. but 25. natural
26-30 ABBAC 31-35 BDBAD
36-40 ADDCB 41-45 BACCD
46-50 CEADF
基础写作 (One possible version)
A speech competition about “China Dream” is to be held on 3rd January, 2014 from 3:00 pm to 5:00 pm in the school hall. First, a serial about the China Dream—Inspiration will be played, after which competitors will say something about their personal understanding of the China Dream. In addition, the competitors will tell us their dreams and what they will do to realize their dreams. Excellent competitors will be sent to take part in the competition to be held in the county. The aim of this activity is to encourage the students to work hard to make our country rich and strong and make our whole nation prosperous.
读写任务 (One possible version)
Drinking water resources have been reducing in the last decades and there is an imbalance in water supply throughout the world. As a result, we human beings are faced with a water crisis.
It is an obvious fact that all living things depend on water for living. Both plants and animals couldn’t live without water. Therefore, water is vital for us all.
However, we lack drinking water despite the fact that most of the earth is covered with water. More and more rivers and lakes have been polluted in recent years with the development of industry and agriculture. In many parts of the world, there is little rain all year round.
In order to protect our drinking water resources, we should plant more trees and take strict measures to prevent rivers and lakes from being polluted. In addition, in our daily lives, we must save water as much as possible by recycling.
第20期A版测试题部分答案解析
完形填空
通过一些自然现象和人类活动，作者感悟到一些细小的事、经历和对生活的观察就像种子一样，都可能成为力量之树和方向的灯塔，所以我们不要忽视它们。
1. B。根据前文的内容以及fail to remember的提示可知，答案选B项。
2. D。根据下文的Just love the present and live for the future可以推断，作者对过去评价并不高。think highly of “认为……很了不起；重视”。
3. C。根据上下文的语境以及该段第一句Fallen flowers can’t climb back的提示可知，这里要表达的意思是：如果你能使花的根基牢固，就不会缺少花朵了，所以选项C符合题意。
4. B。根据上下文可知，作者所列举的事例都产生了好的效果，所以选项B符合题意。
5. A。根据上文三个并列句对broken things的描述，可知broken things是有用的，所以答案选A项。
6. B。根据上下文内容可知，这里要表达的意思是：这个世界上没有一个人因为他得到什么而受到奖赏。
7. D。根据上下文内容可知，他通常是因为他的付出而受到尊敬。
8. C。根据上下文的语境可知，作者通过这些事情感悟到，从人性的角度出发，我们的关注点应该是在给予而不是获取，所以选项C符合题意。
9. D。根据上文的内容可知，一位战士勇敢战死，所以人们过来应该是表示同情或慰问，所以答案选D项。
10. C。根据前一句母亲提出“你确信他的牺牲不是浪费？”以及下文作者对母亲的同情，并认为她的要求并不过分，由此可以推断，人们听到这番话时沉默不言。
11. A。根据上下文语境以及常识推断可知，母亲不想失去儿子，不希望看到的仅是儿子的雕像。in the name of “以……的名义”。
12. C。根据前文的内容可知，作者通过前面的事例明白别人的牺牲绝对不是浪费，由此推断可知这里答案选C项。
13. A。根据前文的内容可知，作者列举了很多的事例，包括自然以及人类，并且从中学到了一些东西，所以这里应该与前面的learn相关，故选项A符合题意。
14. B。根据上下文内容可知，这里要表达的意思是：抓住尽可能多的种子并创造出尽可能多的树，这里也可以根据同词复现选出答案。
15. C。根据上文的hold以及该句中的转折连词but可知，这里填的词应该与hold的意义相反，作者希望人们重视手中的种子，如果忽视它们，生活就会变得困难，故答案选C项。
语法填空
火炉溪(Furnace Creek)是死亡谷里最大的一个人类活动区。不仅有宾馆，还有露营区。游客聚集在此欣赏自然美景。
16. largest。考查形容词最高级。根据句意及前面的定冠词可知要用最高级形式。
17. a。考查冠词。此处填不定冠词，hotel为辅音开头，所以用a。
18. their。考查代词。指代visitors’，表示所属关系，用物主代词。
19. was built。考查时态和语态。因宾馆是被建的，用被动语态；又因句中有具体的过去时间状语more than 75 years ago，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
20. that / which。考查关系代词。先行词为large windows，指事物，所以that / which用引导定语从句。
21. to watch。考查非谓语动词。动词不定式作目的状语。
22. into。考查介词。“change into...”意为“转变成……”。
23. when / as。考查连词。表示“当……的时候”，用when / as引导时间状语从句。
24. but。考查连词。根据上下文可知，有几位游客想把峡谷拍下来，但峡谷太大以致无法被全部拍在照片里。这里表转折关系，故用连词but。
25. natural。考查词性转换。名词nature转换为形容词natural，修饰名词beauty，作定语。
阅读理解
A
Justin Bieber是一位少年成名的歌手，几年之内就风靡全世界，但人们喜欢他，尤其是年轻人，是因为他的音乐还是因为他的长相呢？
26. A。 细节理解题。根据第一段... who the most popular male singer was, ... Justin Bieber.一句，可知A项正确。
27. B。 细节理解题。根据第二段He first started singing ... his manager.一句，可知是他的经纪人Scooter Braun首先发现了他，并一步步把他引入流行歌坛。所以B项正确。
28. B。 细节理解题。根据第二段Justin is a 19-year-old boy, ...和Antonio L.A. Reid at Island Records signed with Justin in October 2008.两句，可知他是在1994年出生，2008年签约小岛唱片公司，所以B项正确。
29. A。 细节理解题。根据第四段…16 people said they loved him for his “killer looks”,可知在被访问的20个女孩中，有16人喜欢他是因为他的killer looks，所以A项正确。
30. C。 作者观点题。作者在最后一段得出结论Without his good looks, ...his singing career.意思是说没有帅气的外表，Justin Bieber或许在音乐事业的道路上不会那么出名。A项陈述的事实不正确；B项是一个事实，并不是作者在最后的观点；D项并不是作者明确提出的观点。所以C项正确。
B
随着非洲高科技产品消费群体的增加，越来越多的高科技公司扎根非洲，来抓住这一巨大的潜在市场，DHL就是其中之一。
31. B。 段落大意题。从第一段可知，随着越来越多的非洲年轻消费者、中产阶层消费者青睐高科技产品，非洲必定会吸引很多的高科技公司，故选B项。
32. D。 细节理解题。从第二段中的Take SAP, IBM or the Chinese company, Hisense ...can develop the Africa market可得出答案D项。
33. B。 推理判断题。 从第二段中的The company sees Africa as a place where its business can be expanded.及全文内容可知，非洲是一个非常巨大的潜在的消费市场，故选B项。
34. A。 猜测词义题。从第三段的The level and speed of adoption has been significant as more middle class and upper middle class consumers in Africa get access to technology.可知，随着越来越多的非洲中上层消费者使用科技产品，非洲的科技发展非常快，故选A项。
35. D。 细节理解题。从第五段And Mr Rahavendra
notes as more and more companies ... will increase可知选项D正确。
C
基因承载了人类遗传密码，是随时间推移而不断变化的。通过对基因的分析和研究，人们可以解开很多秘密。
36. A。细节理解题。根据第一段When European settlers arrived in ...dying from smallpox infection可知欧洲殖民者进入美洲时，也带去了传染病。所以A项正确。
37. D。细节理解题。根据第二段和第四段的内容，可知两位科学家并不在同一个国家，同一个大学工作，在研究基因时，也不是为了不同的目的，最后得出的是同一个结论，所以D项正确。
38. D。 细节理解题。根据第三段Genes help determine a person’s ... chance of getting a disease.一句，可知基因可决定一个人的外表，肤色，身高，或得某种疾病的可能，而不是一个人的成功。所以D项正确。
39. C。 细节理解题。根据第五段Using statistics, which includes ...Europeans’ arrival可知通过分析对比数据，得出欧洲人到美洲前后美洲居民的数量，从而得出最后的结论。所以C项正确。
40. B。 主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是研究基因，通过数据分析的方式来找到历史事件的证据。 A项意思是“研究基因的科学家”；C项意思是“欧洲人来到美洲”；D项意思是“DNA随时间变化”，表述都比较偏颇，与本文主要内容不符。所以B项正确。
D
怎样安排白天的饮食才能避免晚上暴饮暴食呢？
41. B。细节理解题。根据第一段There’s one factor that ties most of them together — their struggles occur mainly at night可知这些人的共同点就是他们通常会晚上进食。
42. A。细节理解题。根据第三段I’m sure that these people’s ... or to taking in less calories可知答案为A。
43. C。细节理解题。根据第一段的they label themselves as stress eaters, emotional eaters and boredom eaters可知压力，情绪，无聊这些因素可导致人们晚上暴饮暴食。
44. C。主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段主题句All that you need to do is to adjust your daytime eating可知倒数第二段主要介绍的是如何合理安排白天饮食来克服晚上暴饮暴食的问题。
45. D。推理判断题。根据最后一句Of course, if your dietary ... in trying this two-week science experiment可知作者接下来可能会介绍大家尝试一个两周的科学实验。
I 语言知识及应用
（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
Millions of trees are accidentally planted by squirrels (松鼠) who bury nuts and then fail to remember where they hid them. From the squirrels I learn "Do good and 1 ". This will produce unexpected results.
"Fallen flowers can't climb back." Don't think 2 of the “lost” past. Just love the present and live for the future. From this, I learn that if you make flowers' roots 3 , there will never
be a shortage of flowers.
Nature uses broken things 4 . Broken clouds pour rain! Broken mountains carry rivers! Broken seeds give bread! From nature I have learned broken things can be 5 . I have also learned the purpose of my life is duty. No person has ever been 6 for what he has received. He is always honored for what he has 7 . From humanity I learn our 8 should be on giving instead of receiving.
A soldier died when fighting bravely. People came to offer their 9 . His mother asked, "Will you ensure his sacrifice(牺牲) was not a waste?" Most people were left 10 . I can imagine her pain. She must be torn apart thinking her son's death was a waste. She did not want a 11 in the name of her son. She just wanted to believe her son's sacrifice was not a. waste! Was she asking for too much? Not at all!
From this mother's pain I learn the sacrifice of others should 12 go to waste. Little things, experiences and observations of life 13 us a lot. For us, they are like seeds that can become trees of strength and lighthouses for direction. Hold as many 14 as possible and create as many trees as possible. You will see it's easy to do this, but to 15 these seeds can make life difficult.
1. A. continue B. forget
C. spread D. leave
2. A. deeply B. rarely
C. simply D. highly
3. A. exposed B. loose
C. strong D. special
4. A. accidentally B. beautifully
C. gradually D. frequently
5. A. useful B. typical
C. awful D. meaningless
6. A. chosen B. rewarded
C. blamed D. teased
7. A. changed B. learned
C. required D. given
8. A. devotion B. desire
C. focus D. task
9. A. views B. attitudes
C. hearts D. sympathies
10. A. careless B. kindless
C. speechless D. selfless
11. A. statue B. picture
C. memory D. body
12. A. still B. always
C. never D. ever
13. A. teach B. expect
C. offer D. concern
14. A. chances B. seeds
C. possibilities D. clues
15. A. grow B. select
C. ignore D. discover
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的
词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
More than one million people visit Death Valley each year. Furnace Creek is the 16 (large) area of human activity within Death Valley National Park. There is not only 17 hotel there, but also camping areas where people can put up temporary cloth homes called tents. Visitors who arrive in huge mobile homes can also find a place to park 18 vehicles.
The famous Furnace Creek Inn is a beautiful hotel that 19 (build) of stone more than 75 years ago. The inn is built on a low hill. The main public room in the hotel has large windows 20 look far out over Death Valley. Hotel guests gather near these large windows in the evening 21 (watch) the sun make long shadows on the floor of the valley and on the far mountains. This beautiful image seems to change each minute. The sun slowly turns the valley a gold color which deepens to a soft brown, and then changes 22 a dark red. As night comes, the mountains turn a dark purple color, then black.
Usually, visitors are very quiet 23 this event takes place. A few try to photograph it, 24 the valley is too huge to capture in a photograph. Most visitors watch this 25 (nature) beauty and leave only with memories of the sunset at the beautiful Death Valley National Park.
II 阅读
（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
A
If you asked teenage girls in Canada and the USA who the most popular male singer was, most-of them would probably answer Justin Bieber.
Justin, a 19-year-old boy, was born on March lst,1994 in Stratford, Ontario. He first started singing in 2007, and was discovered by Scooter Braun, who quickly became his manager. Justin's manager flew with him to Atlanta, Georgia to sing for Usher. When Usher heard him singing, he was very impressed. Antonio L.A. Reid at Island Records signed with Justin in October 2008.
Justin's first song was One Time, and it quickly went to be the top of the charts. Although I found it was a great song, I didn't worship it like lots of other girls I knew. To know why this song had done so well, I decided to get in touch with some people I knew who were absolutely crazy about
him.
I talked with twenty girls, aged 12 to 14, and found some similarities in their answers. When asked why they loved him so much, 16 people said they loved him for his "killer looks", while 2 people said they loved him because his songs came from his heart. And the other 2 people said they liked him for his singing.
This information tells us that even if about 80% of your fans like you only because of your looks, you can still make it far in the world.
So, with all this information, you can probably figure it out: Without his good looks, Justin probably wouldn't have become so famous in his singing career.
26. Justin Bieber may be regarded as _______male singer by most teenage girls in Canada and
the USA.
A. the most popular
B. the most successful
C. the most handsome
D. the most boring
27. Justin Bieber's talent .for singing was first discovered by________.
A. Stratford B. Scooter Braun
C. Usher D. Antonio L.A. Reid
28. Justin Bieber was signed to a record company when he was only ______ years old.
A. 13 B. 14
C. 18 D. 19
29. According to the author's survey, most people like Justin Bieber because of his ______.
A. good looks
B. excellent singing
C. amazing experience
D. musical talent
30. The author concludes at the end of the passage that ______.
A. Justin Bieber is a famous singer in Canada and the USA
B. Justin Bieber became famous when he was very young
C. Justin Bieber wouldn't have been so popular without good looks
D. people shouldn't like Justin Bieber just because of his looks
B
Africa has become a growing market for high technology products, and it may soon be a base for a lot more hi-tech companies. Experts are predicting growing competition on the continent as it tends to meet the needs of its young and middle class populations.
DHL is a company which provides transportation by train, road, sea and air. The company sees Africa as a place where its business can be expanded. But for that to happen, more international companies will invest in the continent and set up operations there. Sumesh Rahavendra of DHL, who is the company's head of marketing for African countries south of the Sahara Desert, sees that happening. He said, "There's quite a lot of evidence about global companies starting to set up base in Africa. Take SAP, IBM or the Chinese company, Hisense, for example. All of them are setting base in Africa and looking at how specially they can develop the African market."
He also emphasized, "I travel a lot around Africa and so does the rest of our team. We find the technology booms in every country in Africa. People who never had access to a desktop PC are now playing with smart phones. The level and speed of adoption has been significant as more middle class and upper middle class consumers in Africa get access to technology."
He describes the continent's one billion people as a largely untouched market for many products. "The majority of people are very young. And with a young population who is going to adopt technology and products in the future, it represents a significant potential for any international company coming
DHL has been operating in Africa for more than 35 years. And Mr Rahavendra notes as more and more companies set up operations on the continent, business for DHL will increase. He says there are possibilities for growth in every African country.
31. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. Africa attracting tour companies.
B. Africa attracting hi-tech companies.
C. Africa attracting young foreigners.
D. Africa attracting more consumers.
32. Which of the following is a Chinese company?
A. DHL. B. SAP.
C. IBM. D. Hisense.
33. DHL is entering Africa in order to_______.
A. help the African economy develop faster
B. reach the largely untouched market
C. provide more jobs for the local people
D. reduce the production costs
34. What is the meaning of the underlined word "booms" in the third paragraph?
A. Develops rapidly.
B. Falls quickly.
C. Changes slowly.
D. Decreases slowly.
35. Which of the following statements about DHL is TRUE?
A. It is a train company.
B. It is an African company.
C. It has been operating in Africa since it was built 30 years ago.
D. Business of DHL will increase with the arrival of more companies.
C
When European settlers arrived in North America, they brought European diseases with them. Then, huge numbers of Native Americans began dying from smallpox (天花) infection. Five-hundred-year-old documents record this tale, but now scientists say they've found other evidence buried deep inside human cells.
In a new study, Brendan O'Fallon and Lars Fehren-Schmitz report evidence found in genes that the Native American population dropped by half after the arrival of Europeans. O'Fallon studies genes at ARUP Laboratories in Salt 'Lake City, while Fehren-Schmitz is a scientist who studies humankind, at the University of G?ttingen in Germany.
Cells make up every part of the body. Deep inside almost every cell is a long, coiled molecule(盘绕颗粒) called DNA. Genes are parts of DNA that play important roles in determining one's life. Genes help determine a person's appearance, such as skin color and height, and also play a role in many things you can’t see, like the chance of getting a disease.
Genes change over time, and by following these changes scientists can learn about a person's ancestors. O'Fallon and Fehren-Schmitz looked at genes in the mitochondria of cells ( mitochondria are like factories that help cells use energy from food.). The scientists compared DNA from the remains of ancient Native Americans with DNA from loving people descended（遗传）from Native Americans.
The scientists studied patterns in the genes from the two groups and identified ways 'that the patterns changed over time. Using statistics, which includes useful mathematical tools for analyzing large amounts of data, the researchers were able to judge the size of the Native American population before and after the Europeans' arrival. The comparison showed the number of native people reduced sharply after European settlers landed in the New World.
Earlier genetic studies didn't have evidence of the Native American die-off Scientists involved in the new study say that there's now more data from ancient remains, so researchers can get a better idea of what happened.
36. When European settlers arrived, they brought_____ to North America.
A. smallpox disease B. old documents
C. other evidence D. a new study
37. Brendan O'Fallon and Lars Fehren-Schmitz work ________.
A. at the same university
B. in the same country
C. for different purposes
D. to get the same result
38. Genes help determine many things of a person EXCEPT________.
A. a person's appearance
B. a person's skin color
C. a person's height
D. a person's success
39. The scientists got the result of the study by______.
A. following genes' change over time
B. studying genes of ancient people
C. analyzing large amounts of data
D. finding out genes in the cells
40. What can be the best title of this passage?
A. Scientists working on genes
B. Genes tell an old story
C. Europeans' arrival in America
D. DNA changes over time
D
Over the past decade, I've met a great many people who struggle with their dietary decisions. Usually, they label themselves as stress eaters, emotional eaters and boredom eaters. And meanwhile the foods they tend to struggle with may vary. There's one factor that ties most of them together – their struggles occur mainly at night.
For most of them, their morning breakfasts are incredibly light in calories and even some skip them. Lunches are well-controlled too. But when they drive home from work, their battles against
various dietary devils begin.
I'm sure that these people's battles against dietary decisions have something to do with a hunger hormone called ghrelin, which can increase in response to fasting (禁食) or to taking in less calories. Because they know they always struggle in the latter parts of the day, they keep their daytime calories purposely low and even intentionally skip meals; they try not to take in many calories in the day. However, this sets up a recurrent(循环的)pattern of feasting behaviors at night.
Perhaps nighttime strugglers produce more ghrelin. But one thing's sure: If your struggles only occur at night, there's a great chance that you can switch them off without the requirement of willpower.
All that you need to do is to adjust your daytime eating. Eat more calories throughout the day, and ghrelin production won't increase. And if you stick during the first few weeks to eating an extra snack 30 to 60 minutes before your struggles would have traditionally begun, you may help your body to forget your previous recurrent pattern of nighttime feast.
Of course, if your dietary witching-hours are during your drive home, your evenings or your nights, then you may lose nothing in trying this two-week science experiment.
41. According to the passage, what's the common problem to the stress eaters, emotional eaters
and boredom eaters?
A. The foods they tend to struggle with are almost the same.
B. They often eat the foods they struggle with at night.
C. Their breakfasts are incredibly heavy in calories.
D. They don't have breakfast or lunch altogether.
42. What can we know about ghrelin?
A. If you don't eat anything or take in low energy, it will increase.
B. It has nothing to do with a recurrent pattern of feasting behaviors at night.
C. Those strugglers who overeat at night must produce more ghrelin.
D. Eat more calories throughout the day, and ghrelin production will increase.
43. Which of the following might not cause some people's nighttime struggles?
A. Stress. B. Boredom.
C. Exercise. D. Emotion.
44. What is the last but one paragraph mainly about?
A. More calories are needed throughout the day.
B. Eating snacks is not helpful in solving your problem.
C. Adjusting daytime eating can conquer nighttime struggles.
D. It's hard for people to forget the nighttime feast pattern.
45. In the next paragraph, the author will talk about_______.
A. how to do an experiment
B. something to eat at night
C. how to lose weight
D. a two-week science experiment
第二节 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
首先，请阅读以下书籍的评论性简介：
Science Museum
In the Science Museum you can discover everything about art, the environment, animals, space, medicine, transportation and energy. There is also a 3D cinema in the museum.
Natural History Museum
In the Natural History Museum you can learn everything you want to know about evolution and you will find a huge collection of dinosaur skeletons(骨架) which are well worth a visit.
Museum of London
The Museum of London is about the history of London, from Roman times to the present. You can visit any, part of the museum for free.
Sherlock Holmes Museum
The Sherlock Holmes Museum explores the world of the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes. The museum stands on the site where Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson once lived.
Shakespeare's Globe
Shakespeare's Globe was built in 1997 as a reconstruction of the theater where William Shakespeare and his company performed.
British Museum
The British Museum, situated on Great Russell Street, is the biggest museum in London. You'll find archaeological (考古的) remains from ancient Egypt to the present.
根据下面各位人士的情况选择他们要参观的博物馆。
46. Mr Brown is very interested in the history of London and he wants to spend his weekend in a museum in London. In addition, he doesn't want to pay any money to see the exhibits' in the museum so he has to find a museum that is free to visit.
47. Mr Jackson admires Shakespeare and his plays very much and he is free on the coming weekend. Therefore he would like to pay a visit to the theatre where this great playwright used to perform.
48. Mr and Mrs Smith have decided to take their children to one of the museums in London on the coming weekend so that they can have a good time together. Since the two children are eager to watch a 3D film, they are determined to meet their demand.
49. Mr White has read a lot of detective stories about the famous detective Sherlock Holmes. Therefore, he is determined to pay a visit to the house where Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson lived.
50. Mr and Mrs Green live on Great Russell Street. They don't want to spend too much time on the crowded streets. Since there is a well-known museum on this street, they would like to visit it, taking their children with them.
III 写作
（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 基础写作（共1小题；满分15分）
【写作内容】
请根据提示内容写一篇英语短文，为下面的的活动写一份简报。
活动名称：“中国梦”演讲比赛
活动时间及地点：2014年1月3日下午 3:00-5:00，学校礼堂
活动内容： (1)首先观看“中国梦”系列片Inspiration：
(2)参赛选手讲述自己对“中国梦”的理解；
(3)谈谈自己打算如何去实现自己的梦想；
(4)选出优秀选手参加县举办的演讲比赛。
活动目的：引导学生为实现国家富强，民族兴旺的伟大“中国梦”而努力学习。
*系列片serial
【写作要求】
只能使用五个句子表达全部内容。
第二节 读写任务（共1小题；满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
The challenge of providing safe and plentiful water for all is one of the most difficult challenges facing the world today. According to an Uzbek saying, "if you run out of water, you run out of life." Some people would probably say that those words seem exaggerated(夸张的) Each year about two million people die because of dirty water, and 90% of the victims are children.
The Aral Sea in Central Asia was the fourth largest lake on the planet in 1960. By 2007 it had reduced to 10% of its original size, according to Scientific American. At one time, Australia's mill processed enough grain to meet the needs of 20 million people. However, the mill closed in De- cember 2007 due to the six long years of drought, according to The New York Times.
The water crisis is global. It brings health risks to billions of people around the globe. Many steps have been taken to bring water supply back into balance in some areas of the world, but not in others. This global balance is a vital necessity if we are not to have a serious water shortage in certain areas.
【写作内容】
1．以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2．以约120个词以“Protect Our Drinking Water”为话题写一篇短文，谈一谈我们应如何保护我们的饮用水，内容包括如下要点：
(1)安全饮用水的重要性；
(2)世界所面临的饮水困难；
(3)我们应如何保护水资源？
【写作要求】
1．作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用
原文中的句子。
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
测试题参考答案
1-5 BDCBA 6-10 BDCDC 11-15 ACABC
16-25 (One possible version)
16. largest 17. a 18. their 19. was built
20. that / which 21. to watch 22. into
23. when / as 24. but 25. natural
26-30 ABBAC 31-35 BDBAD
36-40 ADDCB 41-45 BACCD
46-50 CEADF
基础写作 (One possible version)
A speech competition about “China Dream” is to be held on 3rd January, 2014 from 3:00 pm to 5:00 pm in the school hall. First, a serial about the China Dream—Inspiration will be played, after which competitors will say something about their personal understanding of the China Dream. In addition, the competitors will tell us their dreams and what they will do to realize their dreams. Excellent competitors will be sent to take part in the competition to be held in the county. The aim of this activity is to encourage the students to work hard to make our country rich and strong and make our whole nation prosperous.
读写任务 (One possible version)
Drinking water resources have been reducing in the last decades and there is an imbalance in water supply throughout the world. As a result, we human beings are faced with a water crisis.
It is an obvious fact that all living things depend on water for living. Both plants and animals couldn’t live without water. Therefore, water is vital for us all.
However, we lack drinking water despite the fact that most of the earth is covered with water. More and more rivers and lakes have been polluted in recent years with the development of industry and agriculture. In many parts of the world, there is little rain all year round.
In order to protect our drinking water resources, we should plant more trees and take strict measures to prevent rivers and lakes from being polluted. In addition, in our daily lives, we must save water as much as possible by recycling.
第20期A版测试题部分答案解析
完形填空
通过一些自然现象和人类活动，作者感悟到一些细小的事、经历和对生活的观察就像种子一样，都可能成为力量之树和方向的灯塔，所以我们不要忽视它们。
1. B。根据前文的内容以及fail to remember的提示可知，答案选B项。
2. D。根据下文的Just love the present and live for the future可以推断，作者对过去评价并不高。think highly of “认为……很了不起；重视”。
3. C。根据上下文的语境以及该段第一句Fallen flowers can’t climb back的提示可知，这里要表达的意思是：如果你能使花的根基牢固，就不会缺少花朵了，所以选项C符合题意。
4. B。根据上下文可知，作者所列举的事例都产生了好的效果，所以选项B符合题意。
5. A。根据上文三个并列句对broken things的描述，可知broken things是有用的，所以答案选A项。
6. B。根据上下文内容可知，这里要表达的意思是：这个世界上没有一个人因为他得到什么而受到奖赏。
7. D。根据上下文内容可知，他通常是因为他的付出而受到尊敬。
8. C。根据上下文的语境可知，作者通过这些事情感悟到，从人性的角度出发，我们的关注点应该是在给予而不是获取，所以选项C符合题意。
9. D。根据上文的内容可知，一位战士勇敢战死，所以人们过来应该是表示同情或慰问，所以答案选D项。
10. C。根据前一句母亲提出“你确信他的牺牲不是浪费？”以及下文作者对母亲的同情，并认为她的要求并不过分，由此可以推断，人们听到这番话时沉默不言。
11. A。根据上下文语境以及常识推断可知，母亲不想失去儿子，不希望看到的仅是儿子的雕像。in the name of “以……的名义”。
12. C。根据前文的内容可知，作者通过前面的事例明白别人的牺牲绝对不是浪费，由此推断可知这里答案选C项。
13. A。根据前文的内容可知，作者列举了很多的事例，包括自然以及人类，并且从中学到了一些东西，所以这里应该与前面的learn相关，故选项A符合题意。
14. B。根据上下文内容可知，这里要表达的意思是：抓住尽可能多的种子并创造出尽可能多的树，这里也可以根据同词复现选出答案。
15. C。根据上文的hold以及该句中的转折连词but可知，这里填的词应该与hold的意义相反，作者希望人们重视手中的种子，如果忽视它们，生活就会变得困难，故答案选C项。
语法填空
火炉溪(Furnace Creek)是死亡谷里最大的一个人类活动区。不仅有宾馆，还有露营区。游客聚集在此欣赏自然美景。
16. largest。考查形容词最高级。根据句意及前面的定冠词可知要用最高级形式。
17. a。考查冠词。此处填不定冠词，hotel为辅音开头，所以用a。
18. their。考查代词。指代visitors’，表示所属关系，用物主代词。
19. was built。考查时态和语态。因宾馆是被建的，用被动语态；又因句中有具体的过去时间状语more than 75 years ago，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
20. that / which。考查关系代词。先行词为large windows，指事物，所以that / which用引导定语从句。
21. to watch。考查非谓语动词。动词不定式作目的状语。
22. into。考查介词。“change into...”意为“转变成……”。
23. when / as。考查连词。表示“当……的时候”，用when / as引导时间状语从句。
24. but。考查连词。根据上下文可知，有几位游客想把峡谷拍下来，但峡谷太大以致无法被全部拍在照片里。这里表转折关系，故用连词but。
25. natural。考查词性转换。名词nature转换为形容词natural，修饰名词beauty，作定语。
阅读理解
A
Justin Bieber是一位少年成名的歌手，几年之内就风靡全世界，但人们喜欢他，尤其是年轻人，是因为他的音乐还是因为他的长相呢？
26. A。 细节理解题。根据第一段... who the most popular male singer was, ... Justin Bieber.一句，可知A项正确。
27. B。 细节理解题。根据第二段He first started singing ... his manager.一句，可知是他的经纪人Scooter Braun首先发现了他，并一步步把他引入流行歌坛。所以B项正确。
28. B。 细节理解题。根据第二段Justin is a 19-year-old boy, ...和Antonio L.A. Reid at Island Records signed with Justin in October 2008.两句，可知他是在1994年出生，2008年签约小岛唱片公司，所以B项正确。
29. A。 细节理解题。根据第四段…16 people said they loved him for his “killer looks”,可知在被访问的20个女孩中，有16人喜欢他是因为他的killer looks，所以A项正确。
30. C。 作者观点题。作者在最后一段得出结论Without his good looks, ...his singing career.意思是说没有帅气的外表，Justin Bieber或许在音乐事业的道路上不会那么出名。A项陈述的事实不正确；B项是一个事实，并不是作者在最后的观点；D项并不是作者明确提出的观点。所以C项正确。
B
随着非洲高科技产品消费群体的增加，越来越多的高科技公司扎根非洲，来抓住这一巨大的潜在市场，DHL就是其中之一。
31. B。 段落大意题。从第一段可知，随着越来越多的非洲年轻消费者、中产阶层消费者青睐高科技产品，非洲必定会吸引很多的高科技公司，故选B项。
32. D。 细节理解题。从第二段中的Take SAP, IBM or the Chinese company, Hisense ...can develop the Africa market可得出答案D项。
33. B。 推理判断题。 从第二段中的The company sees Africa as a place where its business can be expanded.及全文内容可知，非洲是一个非常巨大的潜在的消费市场，故选B项。
34. A。 猜测词义题。从第三段的The level and speed of adoption has been significant as more middle class and upper middle class consumers in Africa get access to technology.可知，随着越来越多的非洲中上层消费者使用科技产品，非洲的科技发展非常快，故选A项。
35. D。 细节理解题。从第五段And Mr Rahavendra
notes as more and more companies ... will increase可知选项D正确。
C
基因承载了人类遗传密码，是随时间推移而不断变化的。通过对基因的分析和研究，人们可以解开很多秘密。
36. A。细节理解题。根据第一段When European settlers arrived in ...dying from smallpox infection可知欧洲殖民者进入美洲时，也带去了传染病。所以A项正确。
37. D。细节理解题。根据第二段和第四段的内容，可知两位科学家并不在同一个国家，同一个大学工作，在研究基因时，也不是为了不同的目的，最后得出的是同一个结论，所以D项正确。
38. D。 细节理解题。根据第三段Genes help determine a person’s ... chance of getting a disease.一句，可知基因可决定一个人的外表，肤色，身高，或得某种疾病的可能，而不是一个人的成功。所以D项正确。
39. C。 细节理解题。根据第五段Using statistics, which includes ...Europeans’ arrival可知通过分析对比数据，得出欧洲人到美洲前后美洲居民的数量，从而得出最后的结论。所以C项正确。
40. B。 主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是研究基因，通过数据分析的方式来找到历史事件的证据。 A项意思是“研究基因的科学家”；C项意思是“欧洲人来到美洲”；D项意思是“DNA随时间变化”，表述都比较偏颇，与本文主要内容不符。所以B项正确。
D
怎样安排白天的饮食才能避免晚上暴饮暴食呢？
41. B。细节理解题。根据第一段There’s one factor that ties most of them together — their struggles occur mainly at night可知这些人的共同点就是他们通常会晚上进食。
42. A。细节理解题。根据第三段I’m sure that these people’s ... or to taking in less calories可知答案为A。
43. C。细节理解题。根据第一段的they label themselves as stress eaters, emotional eaters and boredom eaters可知压力，情绪，无聊这些因素可导致人们晚上暴饮暴食。
44. C。主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段主题句All that you need to do is to adjust your daytime eating可知倒数第二段主要介绍的是如何合理安排白天饮食来克服晚上暴饮暴食的问题。
45. D。推理判断题。根据最后一句Of course, if your dietary ... in trying this two-week science experiment可知作者接下来可能会介绍大家尝试一个两周的科学实验。