写作指导
写作任务：
假如你是王方。下面是你的外国笔友Mary给你的一封电子邮件，请你根据这封邮件的内容，给她写一封回信。
Dear Wang Fang,
Time flies. The new semester is beginning. How is everything going
You told me that there might be new teachers for your class this semester. How are they Do you like them
Please write back to me.
Yours,
Mary
写作要求：
1. 内容完整充实，情感真挚；
2. 语言连贯通顺，无语法错误；
3. 词数：80-100（开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。
Dear Mary，
I was glad to receive your letter. I would like to tell you about my new teacher/ teachers.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How is your new school and your teachers Do you like them I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Wang Fang
写作分析：
本次写作任务是要求学生写一封回信，一般来说需要写信人对来信中的一些问题做出答复或回应。因此，写回信时应正确理解写信人的意图、所提出的问题，并给出明确的答复，信件的措辞要注意考虑目的读者的感受。
本次写作要求新老师的情况，属于人物介绍类的写作。说到人物介绍，同学们通常会想到通过描写人物的肖像、性格、语言、动作等来刻画人物，也可以通过叙述日常生活中的一件事、自己的经历，甚至是心理活动来体现人物特征。无论是采用较为细致的细节描写还是通过叙述事件来介绍人物，同学们都要注意突出人物的某一方面的特征。本次写作可以介绍某一个老师，从多个角度重点介绍；也可以介绍新接触的若干老师，采取并列的手法，但要抓住每个老师的不同特点。
人物介绍类的文章常用的词汇和表达有：
1. 外貌类： brown eyes，straight nose，charming eyes, shining eyes, beautiful, pretty, handsome, lovely, attractive, etc. 性格类：cute，optimistic, knowledgeable, easy-going, outgoing, selfless, gentle, humorous, active, quiet, strict, patient, kind-hearted, determined, respectful.
2. She is a lovely girl, with a round face, big eyes, white teeth and long wavy hair.
3. He is tall and thin and is wearing a pair of thick glasses.
4. His favorite sport is …
5. be good at/ do well in …
6. He was strict with everybody and in everything he did.
范文一：
Dear Mary，
I was glad to receive your letter. I would like to tell you about my new teacher.
Miss Li is our history teacher and she has a sense of responsibility. One day before her class, we were told that Miss Li had fallen ill and that we had to study by ourselves that day. However, after a while, the door opened and Miss Li was leaning against the doorframe, looking tired and pale. "I'm alright," she said in a weak voice. "The mid-term exam is coming, and you shouldn't miss a single class. Don't worry. I'll go to see the doctor after the class." Hearing this, we were all moved, and everyone was very attentive during that class.
How is your new school and your teachers Do you like them I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Wang Fang
教师点评：
本篇习作切合题意、中心突出、感情真切、语言流畅。开头首先指明老师的突出特点---责任感强。然后通过一个事例来证明老师的这种精神品质，一个坚强而又有责任感的教师形象跃然纸上。同时，文章对老师的动作、神态和语言的描写也恰到好处，如"leaning against the doorframe"，"looking tired and pale"和"she said in a low voice"等，让我们不禁也对这位爱岗敬业的老师肃然起敬。
范文二：
Dear Mary:
I was glad to receive your letter. I would like to tell you something about my new teachers.
I'm so fortunate to have two new teachers this semester. My new English teacher, Daniel, who is a handsome gentleman, impresses me most. Although he has just graduated from university, his wide knowledge and humorous language attract me so much that I'm always eager to have his class. Miss Wang is the maths teacher and she is helpful, patient and strict with us. She also has a good sense of humor, which makes her class very interesting. With these new teachers, I firmly believe that I can make rapid progress.
How is your new school and your teachers Do you like them I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Wang Fang
教师点评：
本篇习作结构清晰，介绍了本学期的两位新老师，回答了写信人的问题，中心突出、立意明确。
文章先总说本学期认识了两位新老师，然后逐个介绍。两位老师的特点也介绍的较为鲜明：英语老师年轻，但博学多才，语言幽默；数学老师对学生要求严格但善良耐心、有幽默感。对人物的刻画形象、到位，读者读后对两位老师有了一个比较清晰的了解。最后总结了两位优秀老师将对自己的学业进步大有裨益。文章内容充实丰富，情感细腻、真实；过渡词和从句的使用也恰到好处，使两位老师的形象丰满生动，显示出作者良好的语言功底。总体来说，此篇范文是一篇较优秀的人物描写类文章，值得同学们学习和模仿。
Powerful sentences:
1．She loves computers and singing. The latter is also one of her great strengths.
2．He was always happy to help others and cared more for others than for himself.
3．The man was holding something in his left hand and quickening his pace towards the chair.
4．That is my mother, a kind and hard working woman. I will respect and love her forever
4 / 4Module2 语法知能精讲
后接v-ing形式的动词及动词短
1.下列动同(短语)用动名同作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅 (consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon),
承认推迟没得想(admit, delay/put off，fancy)。
避免错过继续练(avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise),
否认完成停欣赏(deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate)，
不禁介意准逃亡(mind，allow/permit, escape)。
We don’t allow smoking in the hall.大厅内不准抽烟。
I wouldn’t mind accepting his money! 我愿意接受他的钱！
2.be used to (习惯于），look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to，can’t stand (无法忍受），give up, feel like, insist on, put off, apologize for等动词短语也要用动名词作宾语。
He’s used to reading in the morning.他习惯于晨读。
We’re really looking forward to seeing you again.我们非常盼望能再见到你。
3.下列动词或动词短语既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，但 意义上有很大区别，要特别注意。
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事
remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事 remember to do sth.记得去做某事
regret to do sth.遗憾做某事 regret doing sth.遗憾做某事
stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事
mean to do sth.意欲/打算/企图做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事
try doing sth.尝试着做某事 try to do sth.尝试着做某事
can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事 can t help doing sth.禁不住做某事
go on to do sth.(做完某事)接着做另一件事
go on doing sth. ( = go on with sth.)继续做同一件事
I forgot to tell her about it.我忘记告诉她这件事。
I forgot telling her about it.我忘记已把这件事告诉她了。
(2)动词like，dislike, hate，love，prefer后接动词不定式和动名词作宾语均可。如果表示经常性的行为常用动名词；如果表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
我喜欢游泳，但今天下午我不想游泳。
[误区预警]如果like，love，prefer前有would，则后面应接动词不定式。
(3)begin, start后既可以接动词不定式，也可以接动名词，意义没有差别’但在以下三种情况下，只接动词不定式：
①主语是物。
It began to rain.天开始下雨了。
②begin或start本身用于进行时态。
She is beginning to cook dinner 她开始做晚饭。
③begin或start后的非谓语动词是指人的心理状况或精神活动的词，如 feel，realize，understand，wonder，know 寿。
I began to feel tired.我开始感到疲劳。
4.动词allow，advise，forbid，permit等后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果后面有名词 或代词作宾语，则其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即：
allow /advise/forbid/permit doing sth.
allow /advise/forbid/permit sb. to do sth.
We don’t allow smoking here.这儿不允许抽烟。
We don’t allow students to smoke.我们不允许学生抽烟。
5.动词need，require，want作“需要”讲时，如果物作主语，与后面的动词构成被动关系，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或动词不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示 事情需要被做。这时，动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词表“需要”，require表“要求”，want表“想要”时，其后需接名词或代词作宾语，然后接动词不定式作宾语补足语。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。be worthy后需用动词不定式的被动形式，也可先接of，再接动 名词的被动形式。
(1) sth. need(s)/require(s)/want(s) doing/to be done 某物需要
The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/ to be cleaned.那扇窗户需要擦一下。
(2)be worth + n.(表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词)
be worth +doing 值……，值得……
(3)be worthy+ of being done/ of+ n /to be done 值得…
The place is worthy of a visit/being visited /to be visited.
那个地方值得参观。
【典例剖析】
典例1(2013江苏盐城上岗中学高一上期中）
If you keep ______ English, you can learn it well.
A. practising speak
B. practising speaking
C. practising to speak
D. to practise spoken
剖析：句意:如果你坚持_____英语，那么就能学好英语。practise doing sth.练习做某事，这里的doing 不能换为 to do。而 keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事，坚持做某 事”。故选择B项。答案:B
典例2 (2011四川高考）
Lydia doesn’t feel like ______ abroad. Her parents are old.
A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study
剖析：本题考查feel like后接 v.-ing形式作宾语。句意：莉迪亚不想到国外，她父母年龄大了。feel like doing sth.想要做某 事。解答这类题目时，一定要牢固掌握此类动词（短语）的具体用法。答案:B
典例3 (2009 陕西高考）I still remember _____ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken
剖析：本题考查非谓语动词。句意：我依然记得____去法门寺以及我在那儿看到的事情。注意 一些动词后接动词不定式与动名词的区别，另外，还要注意与被动形式相结合的情况。remember to do 记得去做;remember doing记得已 做过。由句意可知“我”是“被带去”的，所以应用被动形式，即being done结构。
答案：D
1 / 3Module 2 单元文化知识背景
美国的师生关系
中国历来师道尊严，有从师如从父之说，先生之妻亦称为师母。但在美国却是另一番情景。师生在学业上是指导与被指导的关系，而在社会关系上往往是朋友关系。美国学生称呼导师直呼其名，有很多学生叫导师的昵称，比如把Robert称之为Rob，显得很亲切。学生与导师对话及听课时，腿翘在空椅子上，头歪头，毫无面对恩师毕恭毕敬、诚惶诚恐的样子。中国学生初见此状大吃一惊，简直是颠倒过来的架势。中国学人一般恭敬地称呼导师的头衔和姓氏，例如鲍威尔博士或福特教授，美国导师反而觉得有隔阂感。时间一长，中国学子多半都改口随大流了。有的学生家长去美国探亲时备一份礼物送给导师，拟重托导师多关照自己的孩子。按美国院校规章，老师不能接受学生的礼物、吃请，一经曝光，教授要被辞退。但教授可以宴请学生。当有的硕士生父母感谢其导师时，他的导师倒说：“我应该谢谢同学，如果没有他们帮我完成科研项目，我的饭碗就保不住了。在此我感谢你们教育出聪明的儿子。”
有些留学生在美国院校学习一段时间后，发现自己不喜欢所选课题或专业，如欲改换又顾虑导师不满，这是大可不必的。导师收研究生是从他的切身利益考虑，你不改换门庭，他也不会感谢你，你改了他照样收别人。学生改专业或课题，通常要再投师。对于中国学生，这一般取决于是否能有另一位导师提供奖学金。所以如果改动的话，最好在取得新导师给予奖学金的许诺之后，再向现在的导师提出辞学。
在国内，自己的老师有可能也是自己的行政领导，例如班主任。在美国无此一说，但有的中国学生仍按此思维行事，当与别的同学发生矛盾时，向美国导师汇报，企盼导师帮助解决。但美国导师不管这些事。在美国人的观念里，要是真有什么问题，就应去法庭上控辩清楚。当然，如果学生与导师相处之中私交深厚，以朋友身份为你排忧解难，这种情况也是有的。
A Good Teacher
A good teacher is a good companion on the journey life, an instructor helping you make the right choice in life. Teachers are the greatest people in the world，because teachers teach pupils not only how to read and write，but also how to be a real man.
They are also kind to everybody and they do not want anyone to fall behind others. When students are in trouble，they help them in time. Surely the most important quality of a good teacher lies in his sense of responsibility and love for his students.
Nowadays, how to be a good teacher In my opinion, it has three aspects. The first is that the teacher must know the subject and like it. That means that he must continue to study. The second is that the teacher likes students and enjoys their company in groups. If you do not like，then give up teaching. The third is kindness. That means he must help the slow students and correct their confusion.
In short，a good teacher must know more about the world，have wider interest and spend all his life broadening the horizons of his spirit.
What are my new teachers like then Please step into this module following me and I'll introduce them to you one by one.
好老师
好老师是学生生活旅程中的好伙伴，是帮你在人生中做出正确选择的导师。老师是世界上最伟大的人，因为老师不仅教会学生如何读写，更教会学生如何成为一个真正的人。
老师也对每一个学生都非常和善，他们不想让任何学生 落后于其他学生。当学生处于困境时，他们及时帮助。当然，好老师最重要的品质在于他的责任感以及他对学生的爱。
当今，如何才能成为一位好老师呢？依我之见，有三个 方面。其一，老师必须对专业知识了如指掌，并且喜欢自己 的专业。那意味着他必须不断学习。其二，老师喜欢学生，愿意与学生们在一起。如果你不喜欢，干脆别再教学了。 其三，就是善良。那意味着他必须帮助接受能力差的学生， 为他们答疑解惑。
总之，一位好老师必须更多地了解世界，拥有更广泛的 兴趣，用一生来拓展自己的心灵。
那么我的新老师都是什么样的呢？请跟我一起迸入本 模块的学习，我将一一为你介绍。
Questions
1. What’s the most important quality of a good teacher according to the passage
2. In the author s opinion, what does kindness mean for a good teacher
1 / 2Module2核心词汇精讲
1. amusing
【原文再现】I like teachers who are amusing can laugh with their students.
【突破】amusing adj. 有趣的，引人发笑的
Our visit to Qingdao made the holiday amusing.
我们的青岛之旅是假期倍添情趣。
【拓展】
to/seem amused at/ by 被……逗乐，感到……有意思
to one’s amusement 令人发笑的是
I could see the little girl was amused by her parents.
我看到这个小女孩被她的父母逗乐了。
To everyone’s amusement, the drunk man was singing and dancing.
令大家好笑的是，那名喝醉的男子在马路上又唱又跳。
2. patient adj. 有耐性的，能容忍的n. 病人；患者
【搭配】
be patient of sth容忍某物
be patient to do sth有耐心干某事
be patient with对（某人）有耐心
A good teacher will always be patient with his or her students.
好老师对学生总是很有耐心。
I can't be patient of your childish questions any more.
我再也不能忍受你那些幼稚的问题了。
【拓展】patience n.耐心
be out of patience with 对……不耐烦
have no/little patience with 不能容忍……
beyond one’s patience with 令人无法忍受
with patience 耐心地
3. impression
【原文再现】They say that first impressions are very important. (p12)
【突破】impression n. 印象。例如：
The new teacher made a good impression on the students.
新老师给学生留下了一个好印象。
What's your impression of him
你对他的印象如何 (他给你的印象怎样 )
【拓展】(1). impress vt. 给...极深的印象; 使铭记。如：
I was very impressed by his story.他的故事深深打动了我。
Our teacher impressed us with the importance of industry and economy.老师要我们牢牢记住勤奋节俭的重要性。
(2). under the impression that以为是; make an impression on sb.给某人留下印象; 给人...以影响; make no impression on对....无影响[效果]。
4. nervous
【原文再现】My first impression of Mrs Li was that she was nervous and shy.
nervous紧张的,焦虑的
搭配：be nervous about 对……紧张或焦虑
be / feel nervous about 感到紧张的
Are you nervous in the dark
你在黑暗中感到害怕吗？
I'll be nervous about speaking in your presence.
一见你在我讲话就紧张了。
5. avoid
【原文再现】She avoids making you feel stupid.(p12)
【突破】avoid v. 避免，回避，躲开, 动词avoid后名词或跟v.-ing形式作宾语。例如：
You should avoid such mistakes.你应当避免这样的错误。
I quickly walked to the other side of the road to avoid meeting him.我加快脚步走到路的另一边，避免与他碰面。
【拓展】辨析avoid 与 escape
avoid有意识地设法避免见到不愿见的人，避免遇到令人不愉快的事或危险，强调“成功地避免”；escape逃脱，有意识地或偶然地逃避于己不利的或有害的事情，着重于危险临头时躲开，escape与avoid意思很相近，一般情况下可以通用。例如：
To avoid them I left by the back door.我为了避开他们，就从后门走了。
He escaped being killed in the blast because he had not gone to work.他因未去上工才避免在那次爆炸中罹难。
You may escape suspicion by avoiding persons that are being watched.你避开与受监视的人见面就会避开嫌疑。
6. hate
【原文再现】I’ve always hated making mistakes or …(p12)
hate vt. 憎恨,恨;不愿,不喜欢
搭配：hate +n 讨厌憎恨……
hate doing sth 讨厌做某事（泛指一般性经常性的动作）
hate to do sth 不想/不愿做某事（具体一次性的动作）
hate it when/if … 讨厌……
I hate to have my boss standing over me.
我不喜欢上司监督我.
He hates the smokiness of pubs and bars.
他讨厌酒馆和酒吧里弥漫的烟雾.
【常考点提示】hate/love/dislike/ appreciate/prefer后接it再接when/if 引导的从句，在高考中出现的频率较高。
7. strict
【原文再现】 She’s very strict—we don’t dare to say a word unless she asks us to. (p12)
【突破1】strict严格的，严厉的 （规则或行为），例如：
Our teacher is strict; we have to do what she says.我们的老师很严格，我们不得不按她说的去做。
He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. 他解释说,他的饮食节制得如此的严格,以致他不得不偶尔犒劳犒劳自己。
【拓展】1）be strict with sb. 严格要求某人：Teachers are strict with us but kind to us. 老师对我们要求很严格但是对待我们很亲切。
2)be strict in doing sth. 对（做）某事严格：We must all be strict in our work. 我们必须严于一切职守。
【突破2】unless 是连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“如果不”、“除非”。如：
We’ll be late unless we hurry. 我们快点，否则就耽误了。
They will go swimming unless it rains tomorrow. 他们要去游泳，除非明天下雨。
【拓展】辨析：unless 和 until
作为从属连词含义不同,引导从句性质不同：unless与until均为从属连词,unless表"除非",强调条件,引导条件状语从句;until表"直到",强调时间的延续,引导时间状语从句。例如：
I didn't know the news until my teacher told it to me.
I couldn't know the news unless my teacher told it to me.
8. appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；领会；
(1) 其后可接名(代)词、动名词、名词性从句等作宾语，但不能接不定式。如：
We shall appreciate hearing from you again.
能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。
I appreciate that you have come here so
感谢你来得这么早。
注意：其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语 (注意：这与thank 的用法恰恰相反)。如：
正：I appreciate your kindness. 谢谢你的好意。
误：I appreciate you for your kindness.
正：He thanked her for her kindness. 他感谢她的好意。
误：He thanked her kindness.
(2)后接if或when从句的问题
其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，若语义上需要接这类从句，需借助it。如：
I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it.
如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。
We really appreciate it when she offered to help.
她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。
9. admit
【原文再现】And a few students admit liking her. (p12)
【突破】admit ,承认[+v-ing][+(that)]; 准许进入;准许……进入(或加入)[(+into/to)]; 容许;可容纳。例如：
You must admit the task to be difficult.你得承认这个任务是艰巨的。
We have to admit that he's a highly competent man.
我们必须承认他是个非常能干的人。
I admitted breaking the window.我承认打破了窗子。
No one but ticket-holders was admitted.只有持票者方可入内。
The theater admits 1000 people.这剧院可容纳一千人。
【拓展】辨析：admit, allow, permit, let
admit指允许某人进入某场地，或加入某组织；allow指允许某人做什么，给予某人执行某任务的权利，或同意某人的要求； permit是书面语，比allow 带有更庄重、正式的语言色彩，含有正面的、积极的意义；let是口头语，表示听任或容许。例如：
You have to pass the professional examination to be admitted to the society.你得参加业务考试，及格后，方能获准加入该社。
Playing ball is not allowed in the park.公园内不许打球。
The facts permit no other explanations.这些事实不容许作其它解释
We won’t let such a thing happen again.我们决不允许再发生这样的事。
10. relaxed
【原文再现】In America , students and teachers are quite relaxed with each other . (p19)
【突破】relaxed 松懈的;放松的(形容词) （通常做表语，放在系动词之后）
I felt relaxed after the competition. 在比赛之后，我感到很放松。
【拓展】1. relax 使轻松;使休息（动词） ，例如：
She relaxed her mind by listening to music. 她听听音乐使大脑得到休息。
2. relaxing adj. 令人松懈的,令人轻松的,轻松愉悦的,(通常做定语修饰名词) ，
I like those relaxing country songs. 我喜欢那些令人放松的乡村音乐。
11. consider
一、consider作“考虑”解，常用于以下句型：
1． consider+名词/代词/动名词。
You’d better consider my suggestion. 你最好考虑我的建议。
I’m considering going abroad some day.我一直考虑有一天出国。
2．consider+从句或“疑问词+不定式”。
Have you considered what he suggested 你们考虑他的建议了吗？
We must consider what to do next.我们必须考虑下一步要做什么。
二．consider作“认为”解时，常用于以下句型：
1．consider sb./sth+.(as)+形容词/名词。其中，as可以省略。
We consider him honest.我们认为他很诚实。
At first they considered me as a doctor.起初他们认为我是医生。
2. consider+sb./sth.+不定式。其中，不定式通常是to be(可以省略)或其他动词的完成式。
We consider this matter to be very important.我们认为这件事很重要。
We all consider him to have stolen the bike.我们都认为他偷了自行车。
3.consider+it+形容词/名词+不定式短语。
We consider it hard to study English well.我们认为学好英语很难。
I consider it my duty to help you with your studies.我认为帮助你学习英语是我的职责。
4.consider+宾语从句。
We consider that the music is well worth listening to.我们这首音乐很值得一听。
PAGE
1 / 6Module2人物描写写作指导
一、佳作展示与背诵
请根据下表内容以“Mrs. Liu-my favourite English teacher”为题，写一篇英语短文。
姓名Mrs. Liu
年龄 不到30岁
外貌 短发大眼，个子高挑，身材苗条，打扮时尚
性格 和蔼可亲，和同学相处很好
教学特色 教学方法独特，课堂生动有趣，爱讲英语幽默故事
特长爱好 唱歌，弹钢琴
注意：1.词数：100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
One possible version：
Mrs. Liu-My Favourite English Teacher
Mrs. Liu is my new English teacher .My first impression of her was that she was kind and friendly to us.
She is tall and thin and less than 30 years old. With big eyes and short hair，she looks very beautiful and often wears fashionable clothes. She has special teaching methods to make her classes lively and interesting. Whenever we are tired in class，she tells us English jokes，and we cannot help laughing. She has a sweet voice and likes playing the piano and singing in her spare time. We get on well with each other and all of us really love her very much.
She is my favourite English teacher. I believe that I will make great progress in English studies with her.
二、思路点拨
1．本文是写人记事的记叙文体，描写长相、性格和总体评价常用现在时态；讲述事件时常用过去时态。
2．全文可按总分总结构布局，分三段：
第一段：“我”对刘老师的第一印象。
第二段：介绍刘老师的年龄、外貌特征、教学特色、特长爱好来展示老师的风采。
第三段：以“我”对刘老师的总体评价结束全文。
3．常用词汇
（1）外貌特征：beautiful，pretty，handsome，good looking，fat，thin，tall，short，dark skinned，healthy，strong，near sighted，lively，lovely，young，fashionable，cool ...
（2）性格特点：friendly，energetic，patient，humorous，kind，kind hearted，warm hearted，hardworking，confident，wise，helpful，enthusiastic，be strict with sb.about sth ....
（3）年龄：at the age of 20，in one's fifties，less/more than 30 years old，under 30 ...
（4）兴趣爱好：be good at，be interested in，be fond of，be crazy about，enjoy doing，do well in，have a talent for ...
（5）教育背景：graduate from，be admitted to ...University，get/receive a master's degree，further education ...
（6）经历：become a member of，devote ...to doing sth.，work late into night，make up one's mind，overcome difficulties ...
（7）评价：love，respect for，be considered as，be famous/known as，make contributions to，one of the greatest teachers，set a good example，think highly of，not only my teacher but also my friend ...
4．常用句型
My first impression of her was that ...
With big eyes and long hair，she looks ...
Whenever we are tired in class，she ...
三、经典句式
1．My first impression of her was that she was kind and friendly to us.
该句是由that引导的表语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，但是不能省略。
2．She has special teaching methods to make her classes lively and interesting.
本句中to make her classes lively and interesting为动词不定式短语作目的状语，lively and interesting为形容词作宾补。
3．Whenever we are tired in class，she tells us English jokes，and we cannot help laughing.
句中不但运用了由whenever引导的状语从句，同时也运用了本模块中所学的语法点can't help doing sth.。
提示：用最精炼的语言把你当堂掌握的核心知识的精华部分和基本技能的要领部分写下来并进行识记。
1 / 3Module 2单元重点知识归纳
单元高考命题趋向
1 as, because, since作连词，引导状语从句的用法。
2.so...that和such...that的意义及用法的区别，特别要注意当 定冠词置于形容词之后，即so +形容词+a/an +单数名词c
3. with的复合结构。
4. 现在完成进行时的用法。
5. U的句型及其用法。
6. rather的用法。
一、词汇拓展
patient adj.耐心的
搭配 be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心
拓展 patient n.病人 patience n.耐心 with patience=patiently 耐心地
Have (no) patience with sb.对某人(没)有耐心
lose patience 失去耐心
strict adj.严格的，严厉的
搭配 be strict with sb.
Be strict in sth.
avoid vt.避开，避免
搭配 avoid doing sth.
appreciate vt.感激，欣赏
搭配 appreciate doing sth. 愿意/感激做某事
appreciate sth.欣赏……
注意 appreciate 后跟宾语从句时，用it替代，再跟从句；如果表示感激人时用thank.
Eg I would appreciate it if you could turn down the music.
I really appreciate having time to relax with you on this nice island.
admit vt.承认
搭配 admit doing sth. 承认做了某事
admit sth. 承认某事
admit that 承认(从句)
be admitted to 被接纳，被录取
as a result 因此，所以(表结果)
as a result of 因为，由于(表原因)
7.at any time 在任何时候
at times有时，不时地
at a time一次 at one time曾经
At no time绝不 from time to time 经常地 all the time一直，始终
8.prefer vt.更喜欢
搭配 prefer A to B
Prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
Prefer sb. to do sth.
Prefer to sth. rather than do sth.
9.would rather 宁愿….
搭配 would rather do sth.
would rather do than do
would rather+从句
10.be up to sb.由某人说了算
拓展 up to 达到，多达，胜任
up to now到目前为止
be up to do正在做，从事于
11.be true of(某种情况)适用于，适宜于
Eg The food in this restaurant is good and is true of the service.
12.consider vt.认为，考虑
搭配 consider sb.(as)+n.
(to be)+adj. 把…当作/看作，认为某人….
consider sb.to do 认为某人做某事
consider that(从句)认为…..
consider doing sth.考虑做某事
13.pay for付款
拓展 pay back 偿还
pay off 偿清，有回报
pay a visit to 参观
pay attention to
二、重点句型：
1….but I think that I’ll do well in the exam with Mr chen teaching me.
With+宾语+宾补通常表示原因，伴随或方式。
作宾补的词通常是：
(1)形容词或副词(表状态)。
(2)介词短语(表状态)。
(3)doing(表正在进行)。
(4)done(表被动完成)。
(5)to do(表将来要发生的动作)
Eg : In hot summer nights, he would like to sleep with the window open.
An old lady got on the bus with a heavy bag on her back.
We visited the garden with a local leading the way.
The new manager had a busy time with a lot of things to deal with.
You have no idea how she finished the relay race with her foot wounded so much.
2. She is kind and patient ,and she explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it.
So …that … 和such…that…引导的结果状语从句
3. …if not students will have problems…
if not =if the teacher doesn’t explain the things clearly
类似：if so if possible if any if ever
Eg:
As a student, you should work hard at your study. If not, you’ll not enter a good college.
I may be free on Sunday. If so, I’ll meet you in the park.
Please ask my question, if any.
I haven’t been to Shanghai . If ever, I would be happy to introduce something to you.
4. We can either do some revision or we can do some translation.
either……or
neither……nor
both…..and
not only…..but also
not…..but
三、语法：动词ing形式做动词的宾语
下列动词后接doing作宾语
admit avoid advise/suggest allow/permit consider enjoy forbid imagine finish miss mind keep risk appreciate delay practice escape 等。
下列动词短语后接doing作宾语
put off give up be used to lead to devote..to be busy look forward to pay attention to be worth can’t help insist on set about keep on feel like等。
3下列动词即可接doing也可接to do作宾语
begin/start like/love prefer want/need/require
后接doing和to do 意义不同的词
remember/forget regret try mean stop go on
3 / 4Module 2 动名词精讲
一、语法解析
（一）动名词的句法功能
(1). 作主语
Working is good exercise.
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.
作主语的动名词结构复杂而长时，为保持句子的平衡，可后置，而先行词it 作句子的形式
主语。如：
It is fun having guests for the weekend.
It is no use sending him over.
It's too late already.
There is no joking about such matters.
(2). 作宾语
A. 作及物动词的宾语
( suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can't help, mind, admit, enjoy, require,
postpone, put off, delay, practise, excuse, advise, consider, deny, miss ---)
The doctor advised taking exercise.
I am sorry I missed seeing you while in Beijing.
He gave up teaching only two years ago.
注：“do + 限定词(the, my, some, much, etc)+ 名词化的动名词”意思是 做--(事)”
Who will do the cooking
I usually do my washing on Sundays.
B. 作介词的宾语
(成语如 insist on, think of, look forward to, get used to, be good at, take part in, be interested in, be proud of, succeed in, feel like, be fond of, be responsible for, be suitable for, …, stop …from …)
He has some difficulty in keeping five children in school.
The teacher gave him a medal for winning the game.
C. 作形容词worth, busy的具有状语性质的宾语
He was worth teaching.
(=worthy of being taught)
The teacher is busy correcting the students' exam papers.
如果作宾语的动名词又有自己的补语，习惯上将动名词后置，而用先行词作它的形式宾语。
如：
I found it pleasant walking along the river after supper.
(3). 作表语
Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.
动名词作表语时有两点值得注意：
(1)句子的主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句。
(2)表语动名词与主语是对等关系，表示主语的内容，回答what或doing what的问题，不可
与进行时态相混淆，比较：
My favorite sport is playing basketball.
He is playing basketball.
(4) 作定语
I am glad to have this chance of coming to visit your country.
(介词和动名词做定语)
(5) 作同位语 That was her wish, going on to college after finishing senior middle school.
（二）动名词的复合结构
物主代词(或名词的所有格)+动名词 动名词的复合结构在句中可作主语，宾语，表语等，其中的逻辑主语一般用物主代词或名词的所有格；但在口语中，这种结构如果作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格，名词的所有格常用名词的普通格
来代替。如：
Mary's coming late made her teacher angry.
Would you mind my(or me)opening the window
不过，动名词的逻辑主语在遇到以下情况时，必须用名词的普通格(或人称代词的宾格)
(1). 无生命的名词
The boys were alarmed by the door suddenly shutting.
Is there any hope of our team winning the game
(2). 有生命的名词但表示泛指的意义
Have you ever heard of women playing football
(3). 两个以上的生命名词并列
Do you remember my brother and me coming to see you the other day
（三）非限定动词句法功能的比较
1) 句法功能的一览表
2). 比较
(1). 不定式与动名词作主语时的比较 一般说来可以互换，其意义没有多大差别，如：
It is dangerous playing (or to play) with fire.
有的语法学家说，动名词表示抽象和泛指的动作，而不定式表示比较具体的一次动作。
A. 在口语中，用动名词作主语置于句首的情况要比不定式多。
B. 在疑问句中，一般多用动名词的复合结构作主语，而不用不定式的复合结构。如：
Does our saying that mean anything to him
Does for us to say that mean anything to him （错）
C. 在句型“There is no + 主语”中，须用动名词作主语，如：
There is no telling what will happen.
(It is impossible to tell what will happen.)
D. 当表语是动名词时，主语要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如：
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
(2). 不定式，分词与动名词作表语时的比较
不定式与动名词作表语一般可以互换使用，在意义上没有多大的差别，如：
Our purpose is training
(or: to train) the students to read books in English.
分词作表语说明主语的性质特征，回答how的问题；
不定式与动名词作表语则说明主语的内容，回答what 或doing what 的问题。如：
His job is interesting.
(How is his job )
His job is teaching.
(What is his job )
(3). 不定式与动名词作直接宾语时的区别比较
A. 有些及物动词只能接不定式作宾语，如
want, wish, hope, ask, help, refuse, learn, demand, dare, choose, arrange, expect, decide, agree, promise, plan, offer, manage, pretend, prepare, elect, desire, fail, long, determine等,
I want to play football.
She refused to join them.
B. 有些及物动词只能接动名词作宾语，如
mind, finish, admit, advise, avoid, consider, dislike, enjoy, excuse, imagine, escape, include, keep, pardon, practise, risk, miss, stand, deny, fancy, suggest, give up, put off ,can't help ,set about, prevent, prevent sb from, object to ,insist on 等
She kept shouting and crying.
C. 有些及物动词的宾语既可用不定式，又可用动名词，可分为以下两种情况：
1) 意义基本一样，如：
like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, attempt, afford, prefer, delay, omit, neglect, propose, cease, can't bear-----
Marx started working (=to work) hard to improve his English.
但如果begin与start本身为进行时后边则要接不定式，不接动名词，如：
He is beginning to see his mistake.
2) 意义明显不同，主要有以下几个动词：
remember + 不定式：记住(别忘记)要做的一件事
remember +动名词：记得(回忆起)过去曾做过的一件事 比较：
Please remember to post the letter for me.
I remember posting ( or: having posted)the letter .
forget +不定式：忘记要做的一件事
forget +动名词：忘记了过去做过的一件事
比较：
He forgot to write to me.
He forgot ever having written to me.
I will never forget visiting London for the first time.
regret +不动式(一般式)：对现在要发生的事表示“抱歉”，“遗憾”
regret +动名词：对已经发生的事表示“后悔”
比较：
I regret to say (that )
I cannot go with you.
She regretted missing (=having missed) the report.
I regret to say I cannot take your advice.
I regret not taking your advice.
mean +不定式：打算---，想要---
mean +动名词：意味着---，意思是---
比较：
I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.
Learning a foreign language does not mean just working in a class.
D. 动词stop, try和不定式连用时，本身用作不及物动词，不定式是它们的目的状语；
stop, try和动名词连用时，本身用作及物动词，动名词是它们的直接宾语。搭配不同，含
义不同。
1)stop +不定式：停下正在做的事而去做由不定式所表示的另外一件事
stop +动名词：停止做由动名词所表示的某事
比较：
They stopped to talk.
They stopped talking.
2)try +不定式：设法---，试图---
try + 动名词：试一试---
比较：
He came to Beijing to try to find a job.
She tried reading, but that could not make her feel better.
E. 及物动词want, need, require的不同用法及不同含义：
1)want + 不定式：想要……
want + sb. or sth. +不定式：想要某人…….，希望某事……
want + 动名词：需要……，该……(动名词主动形式表被动含义)
比较： Somebody wants to see you. I wanted you to show me how to operate this machine. We wanted this meeting to be a successful one. The matter wants thinking over(=to be thought over)
2)need + 不定式：需要---
need + 动名词：需要---，该---(动名词主动形式表示被动含义)
You don't need to leave so early.
His clothes needed mending and his shoes needed repairing.(=to be mended and to be repaired)
3)require +sb / sth +不定式：要求(需要)某人做---
require + 动名词：需要---，该---(动名词主动形式表示被动含义)
The order required all the people to bow before him.
These young trees will require looking after (=to be looked after)
(4). 不定式与分词作宾语补足语时的比较
用现在分词作宾语补足语，强调动作的过程，表示动作正在进行；用不定式作宾语补足语，
强调发生动作这一事实，因而表明动作已结束。比较：
I saw him coming downstairs. (=I saw that he was coming down stairs.)
I saw him come downstairs. (=He came downstairs and I saw it.)
及物动词的两种分词作宾补时，主要看它们与自己的逻辑主语(即句中的宾语)的关系，主动
关系用现在分词。被动关系用过去分词。比较：
I found him cooking supper.
I found supper cooked.
(5). 不定式，分词与动名词作定语时的比较
A. 不定式与分词作定语时的区别主要表现在时态上：不定式作定语通常指未来的动作；现
在分词作定语指正在发生的动作，过去分词作定语指已经完成的动作。如：
He has two letters to write.
Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting .
Do you know the man sitting at the desk Have you read any short stories written
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此外，不定式和分词作定语时，与被修饰的名词或代词都有逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
但是，不定式作定语有时可表示被修饰名词的内容，而分词却不行，如：
She has a strong wish to go to college.
(不可说 going to college.)
We have got no time to listen to your excuses.
B. 现在分词与动名词作定语时的主要区别是：
现在分词表示它所修饰的名词的动作，二者是逻辑上的主谓关系，如：
a crying baby(=a baby that is crying )
the boiling water(=the water that is boiling)
动名词作定语时表示它所修饰的名词所表达的目的或用途，二者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系，
如：
a bathing suit(a suit for bathing)
drinking water(=water for drinking)
分词作定语时可以后置，而动名词只能放在所修饰名词的前面，如：
On the day following (=On the following day) he left for New York.
Do you have any listening material
二、例题解析
例1
She says she doesn't feel like ____ out with you.
A going B to go C for going D went
解析：该题正确答案为A。
feel like = want, 此处like 为介词，后面要接名词或动名词作宾语。
例2
The garden needs ____.
A water B watering C to water D watered
解析：该题正确答案为B。need = want = require.
如果主语与宾语是被动关系，此三者后要接动名词或to be done这一结构作宾语。
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