备课资料：单元知识点解析
知识网络
at a distance（稍）远处 in the distance (far away) 在（较）远处
get on 上车（船等），相处和谐，进展
more than 的用法
try to do 努力的做某事 try doing 试着做某事
way to do sth/ of doing sth 做…的方式
be short for 是…的缩写 in short 总之，简言之 be short of 缺少
not… until… 直到 …… 才
in the 1920s 在二十世纪二十年代
not… any more (=no more) 不再 通常 表示数量 , 程度或次数
no longer; not any longer 不再 多用于时间或距离
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某
out of date 过时的, 废弃的
all the time ( the whole time)一直，始终；经常，总是，老是
be patient with sb/sth 有耐心的，能忍耐的
at a speed of 以 …… 速度
名师导引
1. Which of them can you use to travel a long distance 长途旅行你会使用它们当中的哪一个？
distance n. 距离, 远离
相关短语：at a distance （稍）远处，表示一定的距离，近距离或用以说明具体的距离，其不定冠词a有时可以略去或改用some。
This picture looks better at a distance. 这幅画远看就好些。
in the distance (far away) 在（较）远处，强调距离之远。
They were expecting to see in the distance some signs of the enemy.
他们期望着发现远处敌人的迹象。
keep sb. at a distance 与某人保持一定距离；不愿与某人亲近
He always keeps anyone at a distance. 他总是不愿与任何人亲近。
2. What a ride! 一次多么美妙的乘车旅行啊！
本句为省略了主语和谓语的感叹句，即： What a ride it was!
英语中的感叹句通常用 how 和 what 引导，句型结构如下：
What +a/an +( 形容词 .)+ 可数名词单数 （ + 其他）！
What +( 形容词 ) + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 + （其他）！
How + 形容词 / 副词 (+ 主语 + 谓语动词 ) ！
How + 主语 + 谓语！
What a tall man （ Yao Ming is ） ! （姚明）真高啊！
What beautiful flowers （ they are ） ! 它们是多么漂亮的花啊！
What fun it is to travel around China! 环游中国是多么（令人）开心的事啊！
How tall a man Yao Ming is! 姚明真高啊！
How clever the boy is! 那个男孩是多么聪明啊！
How fast Liu Xiang runs! 刘翔跑得真快啊！
How time flies! 时间过得真快啊！
3. means of transport
means n. 手段, 方法
The quickest means of travel is by plane. 最快的交通工具是飞机。
All the possible means have been tried. 已采取了所有的手段。
注意：means单复数同形，由句意判断means的单数、复数形式。
搭配by means of借助…手段，依靠…方法。
We expressed our thoughts by means of words. 我们用词句来表达思想。
They made their fortune by means of working hard. 他们靠勤劳发家致富。
by no means 绝不，一点也不
She is by no means an inexperienced teacher. 她绝不是一个毫无经验的老师。
We haven’t won yet, not by any means. 我们离成功还远着呢。
By no means are these cases exceptional. 这些例子绝不是例外。
by all means可以，当然行，没问题
‘Do you mind if I have a look ’ ‘By all means.’借我看一眼行吗？当然可以。
4. get on
(1) 上车（船等） Get on the bus, boys! 男孩子们，上车!
(2) 相处和谐She gets on well with the neighbors. 她和邻居关系和睦
(3) 进展 How are you getting on with your essay 你的文章进展的怎么样了？
get off 下车（船等）
5. more than 的用法
(1). “more than＋数词”含“以上”或“不止”之意，如：
I have known David for more than 20 years. 我已经认识大卫20多年了。
(2) “more than＋名词”表示“多于……”、“非但……尤其是”如：
Peter is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too. 彼得不仅仅是一个演讲者，也是作家。
(3) “more than＋形容词”等于“很”或“非常”的意思，如：
I am more than glad to help you. 我非常愿意帮助你。
(4) 在“more...than...”中，肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的，译为‘与其说…,不如说…’
Hearing this, the boy was more surprised than frightened.
听到这件事，与其说男孩子害怕了，不如说他很奇怪。
6．We ate great meals cooked by experts.
n.专家, 行家 expert on/in
He's a world expert on marine mammals.他是一个世界级的海洋哺乳动物专家。
adj.老练的, 内行的, 专门的
He cast his expert eye on the gardener's work.他向园艺师的工作投去专业的目光。
7. For the first few hundred kilometers of the journey, the scenery was very colorful.
trip, journey, travel, tour, voyage 区别
这一组词都有“旅行”的意思，但各词的含义有所不同。
(1). journey指从一地到另一地，通常指陆地上的远距离“旅行”，有时也可以表示经常走的或长或短的“路程”。只作名词。例如：
I took a journey from Beijing to Shanghai last year.我去年从北京旅行去上海。
-- How long is your journey to school --Only about 10 minutes.-你上学的路程多远？-只有十分钟左右。
(2). voyage主要指远距离的水上旅行，也可以指空中旅行意思为“航海、航空、航行”等。只作名词。例如：
They made a voyage across the Pacific by air. 他们乘飞机穿越太平洋。
(3). trip 一般指时间短、距离近的“旅行、远足”，也可以指长途旅行。在非正式用语中可代替journey。只作名词。例如：
We made a boat trip to the island last week and had a good time.上周我们乘船去了那个岛屿，并且玩的很高兴。
(4). tour 着重指旅行线路比较曲折，常表示“（周游各地的）参观、访问、（巡回）旅游、视察、购物、演出”等意思。可作动词和名词。例如：
I will tour the world in the future. 将来我要环游世界。
My father has gone down-town on a shopping tour.我爸爸去城里购物了。
(5). travel作“旅行、游历”解，一般表示从一地到另一地旅行这一总的概念。常指长时间、远距离的“旅行”。尤指出国旅行。可作动词和名词。其复数形式意思为“旅游笔记”、“游记”。例如：
At present, many people are fond of travel in their spare time.
如今，很多人喜欢在闲暇时间旅游。
They came home after years of foreign travel. 在国外旅行了很多年后他们回家了。
trip, journey搭配的动词有make, take和go on。如：
make/take/go on a trip/journey to Europe到欧洲旅行
on a/one’s trip/journey; on a short/long trip/journey 旅行； 长途/短途旅行
Have a pleasant trip. 祝旅行愉快。
The journey to the seaside will take not more than two days.
到海边去旅行最多需要花两天时间。
I at once began making preparations for a trip home.
我马上开始为回家的旅途做准备。
scene, view, sight, scenery, landscape
这些名词均含“景色、风景”之意。
scene ---- 指具体的、局部的或一时的景色，可以是自然形成的，也可人工造成的。
view ---- 普通用词，多指从远处或高处所见的景色。
sight ---- 侧重指旅游观光的风光，包括城市景色或自然风光景色。也指人造景物或奇特的景色。
scenery ---- 指一个国家或某一地区的整体自然风景。
landscape ---- 多指在内陆的自然风光。
8. abandon vt. 离弃，放弃
The boy was abandoned by his parents. 这个男孩被他的父母抛弃了。
引申：abandon oneself to 陷入，沉溺于…
He abandoned himself to despair. 他陷入绝望。
abandoned adj. 被遗弃的，堕落的
an abandoned car 被抛弃的轿车
9. Australians needed a way to travel to the middle of the country.
way to do sth/ of doing sth 做…的方式
e.g. This is not the right way to do it./ of doing it. 这是做这件事正确的方式。
当way 做先行词的时候，关系词可以是that, in which 或省略关系词。
10. They tried riding horses, but the horses didn't like the hot weather and sand.
try to do 努力的做某事
try doing 试着做某事
They tried to catch the bus, but they didn't. 他们努力地想赶上火车，但却没有赶上。
The teacher told his students to try doing the experiment some other way.
老师告诉他的学生试着用另一种方式来做实验。
11．Ghan is short for Afghanistan.
be short for 是…的缩写
Jo is short for Joanna.
The PRC is short for the People's Republic of China. 中国是中华人民共和国的简称。
相关引申：in short 总之，简言之
You can’t work here any longer, in short, you are fired.
你不能在此工作了，简言之，你被解雇了。
be short of 缺少
He is short of money now. 他现在缺钱。
12. Camels were much better than horses for traveling a long distance.
much 在此处修饰比较级，其它可以用来修饰比较级的词汇包括：a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等, 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
注意：以上词汇或词组（除by far外）必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
13. For many years, trained camels carried food and other supplies, and returned with wool and other products.
trained animals 过去分词做定语。
过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。
1）前置定语
单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。
A类:被动意义:an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
B类:完成意义:a retired teacher 一位退休教师
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
2）后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如:
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些客人是谁呀
14. The Afghans and their camels did this until the 1920s.
1 until 直到…… 可作连词，亦可作介词 常用结构： not… until… 直到 …… 才
They stayed in Beijing until the end of August.
他们（一直）呆在北京直到八月末。
She stood there until her son walked out of sight.
她一直站在那儿直到她的儿子走出视野。
We will wait here until he comes back. 我们会一直等在这儿直到他回来。
I didn't finish the book until the beginning of October. 我直到十月初才完成这本书。
He didn't understand what I was talking about until I told him again.
直到我再次告诉他他才明白我说的是什么。
拓展：
1) It is/was not until … that … 直到 …… 才 ……
It was not until his father got back home that he went to bed.
直到他的妈妈回来他才上床睡觉。
It was not until yesterday that I was told he had left Beijing.
直到昨天才有人告诉我他已经离开了北京。
2) Not until 位于句首时，主句用部分倒装语序。
Not until his mother got back home did he go to bed. 直到他的妈妈回来他才上床睡觉。
Not until I graduated did I realize how much time I had wasted.
15. Then the government built a new railway line, so they didn't need the camels any more.
后来政府建了一条新的铁路线，所以他们不再需要骆驼了。
not… any more (=no more) 不再 通常 表示数量 , 程度或次数
no longer; not any longer 不再 多用于时间或距离
Didn't you know Paul and Ann aren't going out together any more.
(=They are no more going out together.) 你不知道吗？ 保尔和安不再一起出去了。
We are no longer children; we should play all day no more.
=We are not children any longer; we shouldn't play all day any more.
我们不再是孩子了，不应当再整天玩了。
注意： not… any longer, not… any more 中的 any longer, any more 多放在句首，而 no longer, no more 则放在系动词后，主动词前。（在朗文，牛津字典所给的例子中，两者可以通用， no longer 只是 no more 的较文学化的说法。）
16．…they passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals if they were a problem.
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
Our teacher don’t allow us to do it here. 老师不允许我们在这里做这件事。
注意：allow 后要接动词ing 形式。引申：其它要求接动名词形式的动词advise, consider, admit, appreciate, mind, suggest, fancy, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, deny, enjoy, practise, resist, escape, risk, put off, permit, forbid, miss 等。
17. In 1935, the police in a town shot 153 camels in one day.
1 ） the police （ 某地方的）警察的总称 当其作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式；如果想表达一个警察，可用 a policeman/woman 。
He saw some guys fighting in the street and called the police.
他看到一些人正在街上打架，就报了警。
2) shoot (shot, shot) 可作及物动词 ， 意为：用枪打中，射死；也可作不及物动词，意为：开枪；向 …… 射击 后接宾语时与 at 连用。
Lincoln was shot while watching a play in Ford's Theater.
林肯在福特剧院看演出时被枪杀。
The policeman shot the robber in the leg. 警察开枪打中了强盗的腿。
His dog was shot dead by the man. 他的狗被那个人打死了。
He tried to shoot at the bird, but missed. 他开枪打那只鸟，但是没打中。
辨析： shoot/shoot at
shoot 指打死某人某物； shoot at 指向某人某物瞄准射击，但不一定射中
Tom shot at the strange dog but shot his own.
汤姆向那只陌生的狗射击，但却把自己的（狗）打死了。
18．out of date 过时的, 废弃的
Don’t try that one, it’s out of date. 不要试那个，它已经过时了。
up to date 直到最近的, 新式的, 现代的
19. all the time ( the whole time)一直，始终；经常，总是，老是
The letter was in my pocket all the time. 这信一直在我的口袋里。
She leaves the light on all the time. 她总是让灯开着。
引申：at all times 总是，随时，永远
at a time 每次，逐一 at one time 一度，曾经
at times 有时，间或 in time 及时，迟早 on time 按时
in no time 立刻，马上
20．The eagle suddenly flew in the air and frightened me.
frighten vt 使惊吓vi.惊恐
frightening adj. 令人恐惧的, 引起突然惊恐的 e.g. a frightening experience
frightened adj. （指人）恐惧的，受惊吓的
be frightened of sth/ of doing sth/ to do sth / that
I was frightened of being left by myself in the house. 我害怕被单独留在房子里。
The boy was frightened to speak. 那个男孩子不敢说话。
She's frightened that her ex-husband will find her. 她害怕她的前夫会找到她。
To tell the truth, I was frightened to death (=very frightened).说实话，我都快被吓死了。
frightened horse 一匹受惊吓的马
21. But my father was very patient and very soon he taught me how to do it.
patient n.病人, 患者
adj. 忍耐的, 耐心的 be patient with sb/sth 有耐心的，能忍耐的
e.g. She is very patient with young children.她对小孩子很有耐心。
adv. patiently 有耐心地
22. interview vt. 接见, 会见 n. 接见, 会见
interviewer n. 会见者 interviewee n. 被接见者, 被访问者
23. She can’t remember events from a long time ago.
accident/ incident/ event的区别
1). accident 指意外或偶然发生的事故，特别是不幸的，有损害性的事故。
e.g. He was killed in a traffic accident.
注：accident为可数名词，前面可加不定冠词an,表示“一个”“一次”，习惯用语by accident为“偶然”，相当于by chance.
e.g. I met her in the street by accident, yet she had a bad accident three days ago.
我在大街上偶尔碰见过她，然而三天前她却遭遇了一场严重的事故。
2). incident 泛指不重要的事件，还可以指政治上有影响的重大事件。
e.g. I remember an incident that took place in Mr. Li’s class.我记得发生在李先生课上的一件事。
The Lugouqiao Incident broke out in July 7th, 1937. 1937年7月7日爆发了卢沟桥事变。
3). event 指重要事件，特别是有历史意义的重大事件
How to develop the western part of China well is an important event.如何开发好中国的西部是一项重要的活动。
24．We were exhausted. 我们非常劳累。
exhaust vt. 用尽, 耗尽, 抽完, 使精疲力尽 vi. 排气
exhausted adj. 耗尽的, 疲惫的 extremely tired [= worn out]:
You look absolutely exhausted. 你看起来非常累。
exhausted from/by 因为…而劳累
I was exhausted by the journey. 旅行使我很累。
25．per hour 每小时
per prep. 每, 每一, 由, 经
26. Traveling at a speed over 400 kilometres per hour, the train can complete the 30-kilometer journey in eight minutes.
at a speed of 以 …… 速度
The car ran at a speed of 50 kilometers an hour. 那辆车以每小时 50 公里的速度行驶
The boy ran at the top of his speed. 那个男孩全速奔跑。
拓展：
at full speed 全速； pick up speed 加速
The boy ran at full speed. 那个男孩全力奔跑。
The car picked up speed and ran faster and faster. 那辆车加速，越跑越快。
1 / 9Module3 核心词汇精讲
1.expert
adj. n.专家，内行的
搭配：be an expert in/on…在……方面是行家
be expert in/at doing 在……方面在行
he is a world expert on panda research.
他在熊猫研究方面是一位世界级的专家。
He is expert in/at finding useful information about study.
他在寻找有用的学习信息方面很在行。
2. distance n.距离，远处，远方
【课本原文】which of them can you use to travel a long distance.
It’s a great/some/no distance from here.
离此处很/相当/不远。
In the USA distance is measured in miles，not kilometers.
在美国，测量距离用英里，不用千米。
【构成短语】：
at a distance 隔一定距离
in the distance 在远处
keep sb. at a distance与某人保持一定距离 联想
distant adj.遥远的，远方的
3. abandon 放弃，遗弃，舍弃
He abandoned his wife and children.
他拋弃了他的妻子和儿女。
He abandoned the plan.他放弃了这个计划。
【构成短语】：
abandon oneself to 沉溺于(to是介词)
sb.be abandoned to doing sth.某人沉溺于做某事
He is abandoned to playing computer games.
=He abandoned himself to playing computer games. 他沉溺于玩电脑游戏。
abandoned adj.被遗弃的，放纵的
We saw abandoned farms which were built more than 100 years ago.
我们看到了建于100多年前被遗弃的农场。
They are going to dive into the sea to see the abandoned sunk ship.
他们打算潜入海洋去看看那只被遗弃的沉船。
4. journey n 旅途
make a journey 去旅行
go on a journey 长途旅行
We are going on a journey to a strange country.
我们要去一个陌生的国家旅行。
5.train v. 培养，培育……的能力或素质；训练 n.火车
train sb. as/in/for…训练某人……
train to do sth. 培训做某事
You can train your mind to think positively.
你可以培养自己有乐观思想的能力。
Employees are trained to deal with emergency situations.
员工们接受培训来应付紧急情况。
6. allow允许；使有可能；
搭配 allow sb./sth.
allow doing sth.
allow sb. to sth.
you are allowed an hour to complete the test.
你们有一个小时的时间来完成这次测验。
You are not allowed to smoke in the hall.
我们不允许有人在大厅里抽烟。
Reading can allow you to enrich your knowledge.
阅读能丰富你的知识。
7.shoot vt.射击，射中；n.(植物的）芽，苗，
He is shooting at a bird, but he doesn’t shoot it.
他向一只鸟瞄准，但并没有击中o
With spring coming，shoots come up one by one.
春天来临，各种嫩芽依次长出来。
【联想】
shoot at以为目标射击
shoot it out (with sb.)开枪拼个你死我活；（和某人）决一死战
shoot one’s mouth off吹虚，大吹大擂
8. frighten "使惊恐'下唬；！.惊恐，害怕，受惊吓
You frightened me with that sudden noise.
你突然弄出那声音吓了我一跳。
We will not be frightened by threats.
威胁是不能把我们吓倒的。
She doesn’t frighten easily.她不是轻易能吓倒的。
【联想】
frightening adj.令人恐惧的，可怕的
frightened adj.受到惊吓的，害怕的
There was a frightened expression on the little girl’s face.
小女孩的脸上有一种受到惊吓的表情。
frighten sb. into doing sth.吓得某人做某事
He frightened the old lady into signing on the paper.
他吓唬那位老太太在文件上签字。
9. exhausted adj. 疲惫不堪的
I’m tired, but not exhausted. 我虽疲倦，但还没精疲力竭。
You look exhausted. 你看起来疲惫不堪。
【拓展】exhausting adj. 使人疲惫不堪的
It is an exhausting day. 这是令人疲惫不堪的一天。
10. interview "接见，会见，采访。常用于以下结构：
interview sb.接见/会见/采访某人
give an interview to sb.接见某人
have an interview with sb.会见某人
go for an interview 进行面试
Which post are you being interviewed for
你参加哪个职位的面试？
The Prime Minister declined to be interviewed.
首相婉拒了采访。
Thank you very much for your interview.
非常感谢你的接见。
【联想】
interviewee n.被接见（被会见、被采访）者
interviewer n.接见（会见、采访）者
3 / 4单元知识总结
Part I Useful Phrases
match A with B
refer to
take off
know about
be made of
look out of
go on a journey
try doing sth.
be short for
allow sb. to do sth.
out of date
in the air
be frightened of
try to do sth.
play with
at midnight
on the way to
think of
at a speed of
sth. happened to sb.
supply sb. with sth.
supply sth. to sb.
Part II Important Sentences
Recently I had my first ride on a long-distance train. P23
We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice Springs, right in the middle of Australia. P23
We ate great meals cooked by experts! P23
The sun shone, there was no wind and there were no clouds in the sky. P23
We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago. P23
During the day, I sat and looked out of the window, and sometimes talked to other passengers P23
One night, at about midnight, I watched the night sky for about an hour. P23
1 / 2Module3高考名题诠释-语法篇
考题1. (2012年全国)
The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ______ anything that happened to be on.
A. to watch B. watching C. watched D . to have watched
【解析】句意：这个老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，看电视上播放的任何电视节目都很高兴。后半句是形容词短语作状语。【答案】A
【易错点拨】本题容易误选B项。错误原因是思维定势，误认为是现在分词短语作状语。
考题2. (2012年四川)
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _______ his plane high up in the sky.
A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found
【解析】句意：汤姆坐出租车去机场，不料飞机已起飞了。此处用动词不定式表示一种出乎意料的结果。【答案】B
考题3. (2012年江西)
Having finished her project，she was invited by the school _______to the new students.
A. speaking B. having spoken
C. to speak D. to have spoken
【解析】句意：完成项目之后，她受邀到那个学校给新生们讲话。invite sb. to do sth.表示“邀请某人做某事”，故选C。【答案】C
考题4. (2012年北京)
Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _______away.
A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay
【解析】句意：鸟的歌唱有时是警告其他的鸟远离。此处是不定式短语作目的状语。故选A。【答案】
考题5. (2012年重庆)
We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _____ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made
【解析】根据前面的 “We’re having a meeting in half an hour. ”可知会议还没开始，the decision后面的定语应用动词不定式，表示将要发生的动作，排除B、C、D项。故选A项。【答案】A
考题6. (2012年陕西)
If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but _____an even greater challenge.
A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet
【解析】句意：如果他承担这份工作，他将别无选择，只有迎接更大的挑战p Have no choice but to do为固定结构，意为 “别无选择，只能……”。【答案】D
考题7. (2012年山东)
George returned after the war，only_____ that his wife had left him.
A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told
【解析】句意：George战后回来，却被告知他妻子已经离开了他。only后跟不定式和现在分词都可以作结果状语，但是 “only +不定式”作结果状语时，表示的是出乎意料的结果，通常是一种令人失望的结果，而“only +现在分词”作结果状语时，表示的是自然而然的或意料之中的情况或结果。很显然，此题应用“only +不定式”结构。【答案】A
2 / 2分词全解
分词作定语
分词前置
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人
分词后置
(i.分词词组；ii. 个别分词如given, left； iii. 修饰不定代词 something等)
There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里
This is the question given. 这是所给的问题
There is nothing interesting.没有有趣的东西
过去分词作定语
与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
典型例题
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written
答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被 动，相当于定语从句 which is written
2）What's the language ____ in Germany
A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak
答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：
What's the language (which is) spoken in German
分词作状语
As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
典型例题
1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. FollowedB. Followed byC. Being followedD. Having been followed
答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被…跟随）。本题可改为： With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.
2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed
答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。
3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. HeatingB. To be heatedC. HeatedD. Heat
答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，…
注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it useful.
在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
连词+分词(短语)
有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个，如：
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
waiting 和saw 的主语相同。
分词作补语
通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如：
I found my car missing.我发现我的车不见了。
I'll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。
分词作表语
现在分词： 表示主动，正在进行
过去分词： 表示被动，已经完成
She looked tired with cooking.她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。
He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。
分词作插入语
其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking一般说来
talking of (speaking of) 说道
strictly speaking 严格的说
judging from 从…判断
all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration全面看来
Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)
分词的时态
1）与主语动词同时，
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead.刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。
典型例题
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing
答案B. 此处没有连词，不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。
2）先于主动词
While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out.
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作业后，他出去了。
典型例题
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receivingB. Receiving notC. Not having receivedD. Having not received
答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选C。该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
分词的语态
1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：
He is the man giving you the money.(= who gave you…)
他就是给你钱的那个人。
He is the man stopped by the car.( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那个被车拦住的人。
2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person.一个读过许多书的人
a much-travelled may一个去过许多地方的人
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
1 / 1Module3高考名题诠释-词汇篇
考题1. (2012年安徽)
Interest is as ______ to learning as the ability to understand，even more so.
A. vital B. available C. specific D. similar
【解析】句意：兴趣之于学习，如同理解能力之于学习一样至关重要，甚至更重要。根据句意可知，应用vital。be vital to…意为“对……极其重要”。【答案】A
考题2. (2012年湖北)
Can you tell the_____ difference between the words “require” and “request” I got puzzled by their meanings.
A. dramatic B. regional C. apparent D. subtle
【解析】句意：你能告诉我“require” and “request” 这两个词的细微区别吗？我有时候会被它们的含义搞糊涂。当然，dramatic 戏剧化的；regional区域的；apparent显然的，显而易见的；subtle细微的，不明显的。根据“我有时候会被它们的含义搞糊涂，可知它们之间的区别应是“不明显的”。
【答案】D
考题3 (2012年湖北)
Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained _____; people are still looking for other possible solutions.
A. unchallenged B. relevant C. controversial D. contradictory
【解析】句意：这个地区的建筑是否应该被拆毁仍有争议；人们还在寻找其他可能的解决方案。Unchallenged没有异议的；relevant紧密相关的；controversial引起争论的, contradictory相互矛盾的。由“人们还在寻找其他可能解决的方案”可知，人们对于是否该拆毁这些建筑看法不一，选C。【答案】C
考题4 (2012年全国)
The Harry Potter books are quite popular； they are in great ______in this city.
A. quantity B. progress C. production D. demand
【解析】句意：《哈利.波特》系列图书很受欢,在这座城市的需求量很大。be in demand意为“需求大”，复合句意。【答案】D
考题5 (2012年江西)
You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future______.
A. purpose B. reference C. progress D. memory
【解析】句意：你最好把那家餐馆的电话号码写将来查看。reference查看，查阅，符合句意。【答案】B
考题6. (2012年山东)
Take your time—it is just ______short distance from here to _____restaurant .
A. 不填；the B. a; the C. the；a D.不填; a
剖析：句意：别着急，从这儿到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。根据句意可知，此处distance是指具体的一段距离，是可数名词，且其前用形容词修饰，故应用冠词a;而此处的restaurant是指双方都知道的事物，故 用定冠词the。熟记不定冠词a及定冠词the的基本用法是解题的关键。
答案:B
考题7. (2012年陕西)
Some insects ______ the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.
A. take in B. take off C. take on D. take out
剖析：本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：有些昆虫可以变成它们周围环境的颜色以 保护自己。take on呈现（某种性质、样子等），符合句意。take in收留（某人） 欺骗，吸收，包括，理解;take off(飞机等）起飞，脱掉（衣服等），（观念、产品等）突 然大受欢迎;take out取出，均不合句意。答案:C
考题8. (2012年江西)
I’ve______ the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.
A. come into B. gone into C. got into D. run into
剖析：本题考查动词短语（动词+ into)辨析。句意：我养成了在我放学回家的路 上去看望我爷爷奶奶的习惯。get into陷入，养成（习惯）；come into进入，获得， 继承;go into 从事，调查；run into 撞到，偶遇。根据 the habit of calling in on
my grandparents可知，是指“养成 习惯”。由此可知选择C项。答案:C
考题9. (2012年浙江)
I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained______
A. on B. for C. by D. of
剖析：本题考查动词与介词的搭配。句意：我总是想做我为之受过培训的工作。
train on对准，瞄准；train for为……受培训，for表示目的；by表示方式或动作
的执行者;of表示所属关系。所以B项正确。解答此类题，一定要理清所给选项 与题干中的动词搭配所表达的意义，再结合题干意义进行判断。答案：B
考题10. (2010年四川)
Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man and left._____.
A. took up B. got up C. shut up D. set up
剖析：本题考查动词短语（动词+ up)辨析。句意：珍妮正在找座位，这时，很幸运的是，有一个人__离开了。take up开始从事，占据；get up起床，起身；
shut up关闭，闭嘴；set up建立，搭起。根据关键词luckily(幸运的是）可知，士 人“站起来”腾出空座来了。答案:B
考题11. (2012年山东)
After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope______.
A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide
剖析：本题考查过去分词作定语。句意：填完并签字后，请把表格装在提供的信 封里给我们带回来。本题只要把握住envelope与provide之间存在被动关系，问题就迎刃而解了。选项中只有B项为过去分词表被动，故为正确答案 答案:B
考题12. (2012年安徽)
—May I help you You seem to be having some problems.
—______, thanks. I think I can manage.
A. All right B. No problem C. It，s all right D. There’s no way
剖析：本题考查情景交际。句意：“我可以帮助你吗？你好像遇到了麻烦”，
“____，谢谢。我想我能行。”第一个人主动向第二个人提供帮助，根据第二
个人说的“I think I can manage.”可知，第二个人是婉言拒绝。A项表示“好,’， 愿意接受别人的帮助，可排除；第二个人确实遇到了麻烦，B项表示“没有问题，，:
也不对；D项意为“没门儿，不可能”，显然粗暴无礼。C项意为“没事，没什么”， 属于婉言拒绝，符合语境。故选C。答案:C
3 / 3名师教你写作文：如何写游记类记叙文
写该类作文要遵循以下原则：
1．可以按照旅游日程的时间顺序来写，也可以按照旅游景点的更换来组织文章，这样才能使文章条理清晰、层次分明。
2．在记叙的过程中应该多注意对景点本身的描述，从历史意义、地理位置、景色等方面进行描写，这样能使文章的内容充实饱满。
3．在文章的结尾要抒发自己的感受。
4．游记中动词出现的频率很高，且富于变化。动词的时态应以过去时为主，这一点要格外注意。
5．准确运用方位词，以使文章具有鲜明的层次感和立体感。
①Last weekend, my parents and I went to ... for a holiday.
②We took a bus at ... and arrived ...
③We spent the whole morning ...
④When we got home we were all tired but excited.
⑤We were both completely exhausted, but we felt very happy.
⑥What a beautiful place!
⑦When people return from their travel, they will generally feel fresh and energetic, ready to work harder.
⑧Travelling is also one of the best means for learning.
⑨I really enjoyed the trip to ...
⑩The trip to ... impressed me greatly.
[题目要求]
假如你是一个大学毕业生，参加完面试后进行了一次为期两周的长途旅行。请你根据以下信息写一篇游记。
时间 2012年7月的一个星期一
出发地 北京
目的地 莫斯科(Moscow)
路线 长城→内蒙古(Inner Mongolia)大草原(grassland)→蒙古沙漠(Mongolia)→俄罗斯中部的一些城市→莫斯科
沿途所见 美丽的乡村景色，吓人的暴风雨，被遗弃的农舍
感受 筋疲力尽，加强环境保护
其他 在商业中心为家人及朋友买纪念品
一、对接单元词汇
1．面试： interview
2．长途： long_distance
3．上车： get_on_
4．令人恐惧的： frightening
5．筋疲力尽的： exhausted
6．商业区： downtown
7．被遗弃的： abandoned
8．沙漠： desert
二、巧用单元句型、语法
1．多么精彩的旅程啊！
①What_a wonderful ride!
②How wonderful a ride!
2．我在去往莫斯科的路上看到了被遗弃的农舍。
①On the way to Moscow I saw some farm houses which_were_abandoned.(定语从句)
②On the way to Moscow I saw some_abandoned farmhouses.(过去分词作定语)
3．在穿越大平原时，我经历了一次可怕的风暴。
①When_I_crossed_the_plain,_I experienced a frightening storm.(状语从句)
②Crossing_the_plain,_I experienced a frightening storm.(现在分词短语作状语)
4．我是那么疲惫以至于那天晚上我睡了十六个小时。
①I was so_exhausted_that I slept for 16 hours that night.
②So exhausted was_I that I slept for 16 hours that night.
三、尝试用单元所学知识连句成篇
One Monday in July, 2012, after an interview, I got on a train in Beijing and began my first long distance journey to Moscow, which took me two weeks. What a wonderful ride!
On the way to Moscow, I visited the Great wall，the grasslands in Inner Mongolia, the desert in Mongolia and some cities in the middle of Russia. For the first few hundred kilometres of the journey, the scenery of the country left me deep impression. Crossing the plain, I also experienced a frightening storm. And I saw some abandoned farm houses in the countryside.
When I got to Moscow, I was so exhausted that I slept for 16 hours that night. The next day I went downtown and bought some souvenirs for my family and friends. After the ride, I realized the importance of protecting environment.
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