(共45张PPT)
人教新目标版 八年级下
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.
2d&Grammar focus-4c优质课
Learning objectives
1.通过情境体验，复习动词短语，以及You could…的基本结构并提出建议。
2. 通过问答活动，能够了解动词不定式的基本用法，在实际运用中体会和领悟不定式的表意功能。
3.掌握动词不定式的用法和功能；短语动词。
4. 培养学生为他人着想，热爱公益事业，乐于助人的优良品质。
Lead in
Warming-up
With the aging of the population, there are more and more old people in China.
We’re all going to be old one day. We should care for the old.
Have you ever worked in an old people’s home
What can we do in an old people’s home
Free talk
cut their hair
read the newspaper
give out watermelons
talk to them
put on a performance
What can we do in an old people’s home
Helen and Tom are talking about what to do for the old people’s home.
Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work in an old people’s home this summer.
Really I did that last summer!
New drills
1. Who plans to work in the old people’s home _______________________________________
Helen.
2. When did Tom work in the old people’s home
_______________________________________
He worked there last summer.
Read the conversation in 2d and answer the questions.
3. How does Tom think about the old people _______________________________________
They are lonely.
4. What did Tom do to help the old people
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
He read the newspaper to the old people , talked to them and listened to their stories about the past and how things used to be.
5. Why did Tom and Helen think that they should listen to and care for the old people
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Because a lot of old people are lonely and we’re all going to be old one day, too.
Helen: Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work in an old people's home this
summer.
Tom: Really I did that last summer!
Helen: Oh, what did they ask you to help out with
Tom: Mm... things like reading the newspaper to the old people, or just talking to
them. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
Helen: That sounds interesting.
Tom: Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. We should listen to them and care for
them.
Helen: You're right. I mean, we're all going to be old one day, too.
制定一些计划
在养老院
help (sb.) out 分担……工作；帮一把；帮助（某人）摆脱困境
talk to sb.与某人交谈。
tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事。
used to 曾经…；过去…
孤独的。
listen to sb. 听某人的话。
照顾
Listen and read.
2d
Language points
used to 曾经……；过去…… 表示过去一度存在或经常发生，但现在已经不存在的动作或状态。其后接动词原形，且不与表示过去的时间状语连用。used to的否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to(usedn’t to)。
He used to be a teacher.
He didn’t use to wear glasses. = He usedn’t to wear glasses.
【拓展延伸】 be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”，to 在此处为介词。
Mario is used to volunteering at an animal hospital now.
1. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
2.①Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.
②I want to travel alone.
lonely 形容词 意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，指情感上的孤独，带有伤感的色彩。（①句中用法） 意为“荒凉的；偏僻的”，通常用于名词前作定语 alone 副词 意为“独自；单独”，相当于by oneself。（②句中用法） 强调没有同伴的客观情况，不含感彩。
形容词 意为“单独的；独自的”，常用作表语。 Though John was not alone, he was lonely.
虽然约翰并不是独自一个人,他却感觉寂寞。
care
care for照顾；非常喜欢
care about 关心；在意
take care当心；小心
take care of 照顾
【归纳总结】 与care相关的短语：
care for在此处意为“照顾”，相当于look after 或take care of。
care for还可意为“非常喜欢”，常与not连用。
She cared for my little baby when I went out.
我出去时，她照看我的小孩子。
She doesn't care for skating.她不喜欢滑冰。
3. We should listen to them and care for them.
Video time
Tom worked in an old people's home summer. He did many things to help the old people, like reading ____ or just talking to them.The old people told him __ about the past and how things ____ be.Tom thinks that a lot of people are ______ so we should listen to them and _________ them. Helen agrees with Tom, because she thinks we are all going to be one day.
last
newspapers
stories
used to
lonely
care for
old
Fill in the blanks according to the conversation.
Post reading
Role-play the conversation.
Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work...
Really I did that last summer!
Post reading
Please underline the infinitive structures.
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
I’d like to do
ask sb. to do
volunteer…to do
learn to do
decide to do
help sb. to do
make…to do
let sb. do
help sb. do
“to+动词原形”，
有时to可省略。
I’d like to help homeless people.
She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.
Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read.
I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
动词不定式结构
作宾语：主语+谓语V. + to do
作宾补：主语+谓语V.+sb.+ to
作目的状语
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能直接作谓语。
动词不定式（infinitive）
定义
构成
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，常写作to do(有时to可以省略)。
用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等。
动词不定式（infinitive）
状语
宾语
宾语补足语
主语
表语
定语
1.作主语
用法
To travel around the world is his dream.
To learn English is important and useful.
一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。
为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，而将不定式放在后面作真正的主语。
=It is his dream to travel around the world.
=It important and useful to learn English.
用法
We decide to plant trees this weekend.
I want to be a volunteer.
2.作宾语
Lily wants to find a job as an English teacher in Beijing.
Our teacher asked us to clean the classroom
after school.
Mary invited her friends to come
to her birthday party.
用法
动词不定式用来补充说明宾语的情况。
3.作宾语补足语
用法
感官动词(hear, see, watch, feel, notice, listen to, look at等)后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
I saw them enter the room.
3.作宾语补足语
When I passed the classroom,
I saw them singing.
see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做某事”，表示看见了事情的全过程或者多次看见。宾语补足语的动作已完成，动词用省略to的不定式。
see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事”，表示宾语补足语的动作正在进行，动词用动名词形式。
其他感官动词也是这样的用法哦！
用法
使役动词(make, let, have)后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
My parents make me do some housework.
help后面的动词不定式可加to，也可不加to。
Could you help me (to) carry the box
3.作宾语补足语
My dream is to be an astronaut.
Her job is to look after sick children.
动词不定式做表语常用于以下结构：
My/Her/His job/dream/goal/aim is…
用法
4.做表语
I have much homework to do.
He wants to have something to eat.
用法
5.作定语
I have a pen to write with.
She doesn’t have a house to live in.
不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系，若是不及物动词, 介词不能省略。
To keep healthy, he runs in the park every day.
We should work together to save the Earth.
目的状语:动词不定式可表示某一动作或状态的目的，位于句首或句尾。
用法
6.作状语
I’m happy to see you again.
I am sorry to trouble you.
原因状语:在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。
用法
6.作状语
结果状语
可用于too...to...
结构中。
He is old enough to go to school by himself.
He is too shy to ask anyone for help.
He doesn’t know where to go.
Could you tell me how to learn English
与特殊疑问词连用：放在what, which, where, when, which, who, how等词之后。
用法
疑问词
+不定式
6.作状语
Please circle the phrasal verbs.
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
Grammar Focus
短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
1.
动词+介词
wait for 等待 laugh at 嘲
look after 照顾 agree with 同意
介词后须有宾语，宾语位于介词后。介词有：for, after, about, of, with, at...
Do you agree with me
She is waiting for the bus.
短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
2.
动词+副词
give away 捐赠 hand out 分发
put up 举起；张贴 put off 推迟
副词有：
up, out, down, off, away, in...
Can you help me pick the pen up
短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
He gave them away to poor children.
Can you help me pick up the pen
come up with 想出
look forward to 盼望
get on with 和睦相处
相当于及物动词，宾语总是位于介词之后
短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
She came up with a good idea.
I am looking forward to your reply.
3.
动词+副词
+介词
have a cold 感冒
make a difference 影响；有作用
take a walk 散步
They take a walk in the park.
She had a cold last week.
4.
动词+名词
短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
5.
动词+名词
+介词
take part in 参加
pay attention to 注意
make friends with 交朋友
We can make friends with nice people.
I want to take part in the football match.
短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
动词
不定式
want, refuse, forget; need, try, learn; choose, agree, help; hope/wish/expect, decide, begin/start
形式：to+动词原形(to有时省略)，否定：not to+动词原形
没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语
概述
用法
作宾语
谓语动词用单数
ask, tell, want, teach, wish, help, warn, invite, encourage
作宾补
作状语
作定语
作表语
作主语
可放句首，一般用逗号隔开，也可放句尾
通常放在所修饰词之后
常用于My/Her/ job/goal/aim is…
动词不定式（infinitive）
Summary
短语动词
类型及用法
相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后
相当于及物动词，名词前可加形容词，宾语位于介词后
相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语(须位于介词后)
可看作及物动词，名词可位于之间或之后，
代词只能位于中间
动词+介词
动词+副词
动词+副词+介词
动词+名词+介词
短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
Summary
1. I want to ______ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year.
2. She hopes to _______ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.
Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.
4a
be busy with... 忙于，后接名词或代词
put off
call up
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
3. Our class is trying to ____________ some ideas to ________ sick children because they are often sad.
4. We decided to ______ signs around the school and ________ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will _______ the money from the sale to homeless people.
come up with
cheer up
put up
hand out
give out
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _______ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what _____ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do ______ others. There are many people who are less lucky than us.
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
4b
help move do make visit spend
to make
to do
to help
be worried about 担心……
Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way _______ our free time. For example, we can make plans _______ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year _______ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.
help move do make visit spend
to spend
to visit
to move
为……筹款
Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.
I’d like to volunteer _______________
At 12:00 a.m., I called my friend
__________________________________
3. I’m very busy but I could help
_________________________________
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want ____________________________
5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me ________________________
to help poor people.
to have lunch together
to do the housework for my parents.
to have a long journey abroad.
not to eat unhealthy food.
4c
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php
