人教版 高考英语语法专项课件 虚拟语气 (43张PPT)

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名称 人教版 高考英语语法专项课件 虚拟语气 (43张PPT)
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更新时间 2023-02-13 11:14:09

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(共43张PPT)
虚拟语气
【备考2023】高考专项语法
目录
CONTENT
01 语气的种类
02 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
03 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
04 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
05 虚拟语气的其他用法
06 PRACTICE
语气的种类
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语气的种类
语气的种类
语气和时态、语态一样,是谓语动词的一种形式,表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有四种语气:陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
语气的种类
1.陈述语气
陈述一个事实或提出一种想法的语气。
eg:Our city has experienced great changes.我们的城市经历了巨大的变化。
eg:I don't know anything about the accident. 我对这个事故一无所知。
2.疑问语气
用来提出问题或询问情况的语气。
eg:Have you ever been to Japan
你去过日本没有?
eg:Do you have a camera 你有照相机吗?
语气的种类
3.祈使语气
用来向对方提出请求、邀请,给予忠告、指示、警告、命令等的语气称为祈使语气。在祈使语气中,直接用动词原形,主语you一般省略。
eg:Hurry up!赶快!
eg:Be careful!小心!
4.虚拟语气
在表示一种假想或主观愿望时,动词需用一种特殊的形式,称为虚拟语气。
eg:If I were you, I would forgive Mary.
如果我是你,我就会原谅玛丽。
eg:If only you could understand me!
你要是能理解我就好了!
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
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虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
条件句分为真实条件句和虚拟条件句。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能实现的,而虚拟条件句所表示的假设是不可能或不大可能发生的。
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
1.真实条件句
这种条件句实现的可能性非常大,常用if,unless,once, as/so long as, on condition that等引导。
eg:If I have time, I'll come over to see you.
如果有时间我就来看你。
eg:As long as you love it, you can keep it to yourself.
只要你喜欢,就可以自己留着。
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
2.虚拟条件句
虚拟条件句往往指不能实现的或纯属假想的情况,可以对过去、现在或将来进行假想,分别用不同的动词形式表示,主句谓语动词也相应地采用不同的形式。
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
2.虚拟条件句——(1)对现在情况的虚拟
对现在情况的虚拟,条件句用一般过去时,主句谓语用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”。
eg:What would you do if you had a million dollars 如果你有100万美元,你会做什么?
(事实是:你没有100万美元)
eg:If there were no music, the world would be very dull. 如果没有音乐,世界将非常单调。
(事实是:世界上有音乐,所以并不单调)
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
2.虚拟条件句——【拓展】
如果谓语动词是be,在含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中要变为were。
eg:If I were you, I'd take a small present.
如果我是你,我就会带一份小礼物。
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
2.虚拟条件句——(2)对过去情况的虚拟
对过去情况的虚拟,条件句用过去完成时,主句谓语用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”。
eg:We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home. would have done
昨天如果哈罗德不让我们搭车回家的话,我们就会叫出租车了。
eg:If you had worked hard, you would have easily passed the final test.
如果当时你努力的话,你就能轻松地通过期末考试。
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
2.虚拟条件句——(3)对将来情况的虚拟
对将来情况的虚拟,条件句中谓语动词可用shoulddo,were to do 或动词的过去式三种形式,但意义略有不同。should do表示的可能性最大,动词过去式的可能性次之,were to do的可能性最小。主句谓语用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”。
eg:If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.
如果明天下雪,他们就不能出去了。
eg:If it snowed tomorrow, our plan would be postponed. 如果明天下雪,我们的计划就得推迟。(事实是明天很可能不会下雪)
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
2.虚拟条件句——(4)混合虚拟语气
有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间,这叫混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气,此时主、从句的谓语动词应根据各自发生的时间采用相应的虚拟语气形式。
eg:If you had taken my advice then, you wouldn't be in trouble now. 如果当时听我的劝告,你现在就不会有麻烦了。
eg:If I were you, I would have chosen to take the job.
如果我是你,我当时就选择接受这份工作。
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
2.虚拟条件句——(5)含蓄虚拟语气
有时虚拟的条件并不是直接通过条件句来表示,而是用一些词或短语如 without,but for,other-wise等或上下文暗示来说明,这种句子叫含蓄虚拟语气。
eg:Without electricity,the world would be dark.
如果没有电,世界将会一片黑暗。
eg:He was not present,otherwise,he would have helped us. 他当时不在,否则他会帮我们的。
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
2.虚拟条件句——【拓展】
虚拟条件句中有had,should,were时,可以将if去掉,然后把had,should,were 提到主语前面,形成部分倒装。
eg:If time were to go back / Were time to go back,I would work double hard.如果时光能倒流,我会加倍努力。
eg:If I had worked hard /Had I worked hard,I would have surely succeeded.如果我当时努力学习的话,我一定会成功的。
eg:If it should be fine tomorrow / Should it be fine tomorrow,we would go for an outing.假如明天天气好,我们就去郊游了。
虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
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虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
1.用于as if,as though 引导的方式状语从句中
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as if,as though 引导状语从句有时也可表示与事实相反的情况。一般从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
eg:Don't handle the vase as if it were made of steel.
别把这个花瓶拿得好像它是用钢铁做的似的。
eg:She talked about the novel as though she had really read it.
她谈论那部小说好像她确实看过一样。
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虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
2.用于目的状语从句中
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引导这类目的状语从句的短语为 in order that,sothat, for fear that,in case,lest等,从句中谓语常用“should (may,might, can,could,would等) +动词原形”。
eg:He raised his hand up so that he could be seen.
他高高地举起手以便人们能看见他。
eg:He started out earlier lest he should be late.
他很早就出发了,以防迟到。
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虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
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虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
虚拟语气也可以出现在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中。
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
主语从句中的虚拟语气
在以下三种结构的主语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
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主语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) It is/was important (necessary, appropriate, proper, essential, vital) that...
eg:It is important that we (should) protect the environment.保护环境是非常重要的。
eg:It is necessary that you (should) take plenty of exercise every day.每天进行大量的锻炼是必要的。
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
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主语从句中的虚拟语气
(2) It is/was unnatural (unthinkable, strange, surprising, a surprise) that...
eg:It is surprising that you (should ) react so quickly. 你竟然反应这么快,真令人惊讶。
eg:It is surprising that you (should) not understand me! 你竟然不理解我,真是令人吃惊!
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主语从句中的虚拟语气
(3) It is/was suggested (requested, required, ordered,proposed,decided) that...
eg:It is requested that pupils (should) wear school uniforms in school.按要求学生在校应该穿校服。
eg:It is proposed that the plan (should) be delayed. 有人建议推迟这项计划。
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)wish后的宾语从句
wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示与现在相反的情况,用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况,用would/could do表示与将来相反的情况。
eg:I wish I lived on the seashore. 我要是住在海滨就好了。 与现在相反的情况
eg:He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。 与将来相反的情况
(2)would rather 后的宾语从句
would rather后的从句常用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的情况,用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况。
eg:I would rather you told me the truth. 与现在相反的情况
我宁愿你对我讲真话。
eg:I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday. 与过去相反的情况
我倒想你昨天看过这场电影了。
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
(3)表示“建议、命令、要求、坚决做”等动词后的宾语从句
表示“建议、命令、要求、坚决做”等动词后的宾 语从句谓语常用“(should+)动词原形”。英式英语中常用should,美式英语中常直接用动词原形。常这样用的动词有 insist,demand,desire,require, request, propose, suggest, advise, command,order,recommend等。
eg:My mom suggests that we should eat out for a change this weekend.
我妈妈建议我们这个周末出去吃,换换口味。
eg:I recommend that everyone (should) attend the party. 我提议大家都参加这次聚会。
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
【拓展】
suggest 意为“暗示,表明”,insist意为“坚持说,坚持认为”时,从句中应用陈述语气。
eg:The smile on his face suggested that he agreed to this plan.
他脸上的微笑表明他同意这项计划。
eg:The boy insisted that he hadn't broken the window. 男孩坚持说他没打碎窗户。
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
3.表语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)as if,as though 引导的表语从句中的虚拟语气
as if,as though引导的表语从句中,用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
eg:The pencil seems as though it were broken when it is partly put in the water. 与现在事实相反
当把铅笔的一部分放入水中时,看上去好像断了。
eg:He looked as if he had known Mary for many years.
他看上去就像他已经认识玛丽好多年了。 与过去事实相反
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
3.表语从句中的虚拟语气
【拓展】
as if,as though也可引导事实或很可能是事实的从句,常用在连系动词look,seem,taste,smell,sound等词后。
eg:It looks as if it is going to snow.
仿佛天要下雪。(马上就要下雪)
eg:It seems as if the boy has lost his way.
这个男孩好像迷路了。
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
3.表语从句中的虚拟语气
(2)主语是表示“建议、要求、命令、主张”等意义的名词时
当句子的主语是表示“建议、要求、命令、主张”的名词,如 suggestion, proposal, advice,demand, order, requirement等,其后的表语从句谓语常用“(should+)动词原形”结构。
eg:Our decision is that the meeting (should) be put off.
我们的决定是推迟会议。
eg:The doctor's suggestion is that you (should) give up smoking. 医生的建议是你(应该)戒烟。
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
4.同位语从句中的虚拟语气
表示“主张、要求、建议、命令”名词如 suggestion,proposal, advice, demand,order,requirement 等后的同位语从句的谓语常用“(should+)动词原形”结构。
eg:I make a proposal that we should hold a meeting next week.
我提议下周召开一次会议。
eg:Doctors give us some advice that we(should)pay more attention to our health.医生建议人们多注意自己的身体。
虚拟语气的其他用法
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虚拟语气的其他用法
虚拟语气的其他用法
1.表示祝愿
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在一些表示祝愿的话语中也可找到虚拟语气(多用动词原形)。
eg:Long live peace!和平万岁!
eg:May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你!
虚拟语气的其他用法
2.It is(high) time that…句型
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在It's(high)time that...后的从句中要用虚拟语气。从句通常用一般过去时,有时也可用“should+动词原形”形式作谓语。
eg:It's high time we had a rest.
我们早该休息了。
eg:It's high time that he did something instead of just talking.
他是时候该做点什么了,而不是一直空谈。
虚拟语气的其他用法
3.if only 句型
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if only 表示“要是···.··就好了”,其后虚拟语气的用法与wish后的用法相同。
eg:If only she would listen to me carefully.
但愿她能仔细听我讲话。
eg:If only I had a car, I could get out of this place.
要是我有辆车,我就能离开这个地方了。
PRACTICE
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PRACTICE
PRACTICE
根据内容或所给单词完成对话
Tom: Hi,Mr Smith.__1_ you give me a hand
Mr Smith: Of course. You __2__ hesitate to ask me for help. What's the matter with you
Tom: My mum is always complaining about my going back home late after school.
Mr Smith: What do you usually do after school
Tom: I usually go to the playground to play basketball.But I know that I __3__ go home first.
PRACTICE
Mr Smith:Why don't you go home directly
Tom:My mother usually says,“Every student __4__ do their homework first after school, and that is a rule for all of you students.” You see,if I __5__ (do) my homework first now, I couldn't have a rest and relax. I am so tired.
Mr Smith: Both you and your mum are reasonable. As a mother, she believes that you __6__ never work too hard, while you think you need some time to have a rest. Does your mother know what you think
PRACTICE
Tom:No.If I __7__(tell)her before, she wouldn't have understood it.
Mr Smith: I don't think you are right. I think you should tell your mother what you think and she would understand you. Besides,you had better not hide your feelings from your mother and you __8__ as well learn to communicate with her.
Tom: Thank you for your advice. It is high time I __9__(talk)with her.
Mr Smith:I __10__ agree more.
PRACTICE--参考答案
【解析】句意:但是我知道我应该先回家。should应该。
3.should
【解析】shall与第二、三人称连用,用于陈述句中时,可用来介绍法规、规定的内容。
4.shall
【解析】句意:你向我求助时不必犹豫。needn't不必。
2.needn't
【解析】can在这里表示请求帮助,意为“能”。
1.Can
PRACTICE--参考答案
【解析】根据上下文逻辑及后面的“wouldn'thave understood”,可知设空处为与过去事实相反的假设,故答案为 had told。
7.had told
【解析】might as well do sth.意为“还是做……为好”。
8.might
【解析】“cannot(can never)...too+形容词或副词”表示“再……也不为过”。
6.can
【解析】根据上下文逻辑及后面句子中的couldn't have a rest..,可知设空处为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为did。
5.did
PRACTICE--参考答案
【解析】I can't agree more.我完全同意。
10.can't
【解析】由 It is high time sb.did sth.可知填 talked。
9.talked
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