2023年中考英语语法讲练 句子种类 知识点及习题（无答案）

句子种类讲解
英语句子按照用途可以分为以下四类。
一、陈述句。
用于说明事实或说话人的看法。陈述句是主语+谓语结构，有肯定形式和否定形式。如：
1. I like him because he always plays game with us.
我们喜欢他，因为他总是和我们一块儿玩儿。
2. To get there, I usually walk out and turn right on Bridge Road.
要去那儿的话，我通常步行外出，在大桥路向右拐。
二、疑问句
用于提出问题。
一）一般疑问句
一般疑问句是在句子中用提问的方式提供一些信息，要求对方用yes或no回答的疑问句。如：
1. Do you like apples 你喜欢苹果吗？
Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 是的，我喜欢。/不，我不喜欢。
2. Have you finished your homework 你完成了你的作业吗？
Yes, I have. / No, I haven't. 是的，我完成了。/不，我没有完成。
3. Did you go home yesterday 你昨天回家了吗？
Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. 是的，我回家了。/不，我没有回家。
4. Is he having an English class 他正在上英语课吗？
Yes, he is. / No, he isn't. 是的，他正在上英语课。/不，他没有。
二）特殊疑问句。
是以特殊疑问词开始的以寻求信息为目的的疑问句。常见的特殊疑问词包括，what, where, when, why, how many, how much, how old, how far, how long,how soon, what time, 等等。例如:
1. What's your name 你的名字叫什么？
2. Where are my books 我的书在哪儿？
3. Why were you late for school 你为什么上学迟到？
三）反意疑问句
1.结构
陈述句，反问部分？如：
She is a student, isn’t she 她是一个学生，是吗？
2.规则：
1）前边用肯定，后边用否定。如：
They are tired, aren’t they 他们很累是吗？
2）前边用否定，后边用肯定。如：
She doesn’t work hard, does she 她学习不努力是吗？
3.注意：
1)注意否定词：few, little, hardly(几乎不)，seldom(几乎不)，no, never, nothing, no one。如：
1. He has never been to America, has he 他从来没去过美国，是吗？
3. There is few cake in the plate, is there 盘子里没有蛋糕了，是吗？
4. There is little water in the glass, is there 杯子里没有水了，是吗？
5. The boy hardly has a cold,has he 这个男孩几乎从来不得感冒，是吗？
2)注意前边句子的缩写指代什么。如：
He’s finished her homework, hasn’t he 他完成了他的作业，是吗？
4.特殊形式
1) Let’s…, shall we
Let’s go to school, shall we （你和我们都去）让我们去上学好吗？
2) Let us…, will you
Let us go to school, will you 让我们去上学好吗？（你让我们去）
3)肯定祈使句, will /won’t you
否定祈使句，will you
Open the door, will you/won’t you 打开门儿好吗？
Don’t open the door, will you 不要打开门儿好吗？
4) I’m…, aren’t I
I’m 12, aren’t I 我12岁了，是吗？
5) There be …, …there
There is few cake in the plate, is there
盘子里没有蛋糕了，是吗？
5.回答：如：
---She doesn’t work hard, does she
她工作不努力，是吗？
--- No, she doesn’t. 不，她不努力。
Yes, she does. 是的，她努力。
根据事实决定，事实是“是”，用yes；事实是“不是”，用no。
三、祈使句
通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语you(听话人)通常省略。通常有以下几种形式。
1.Be型(即：动词原型be＋表语＋其他)。如：
Be quiet, please.
请安静。
否定句Don't＋be＋表语＋其他。如：
Don't be angry. 不要生气。
2.Do型(即：实义动词原形＋宾语＋其他)。如：
①Open the window, please. 请打开窗。
②Remember they make rules to help us. 记住他们制定规章制度是为了帮助我们。
否定句Don't＋实义动词原形＋宾语＋其他。如：
Don't talk in class.不要在课堂上讲话。
3)Let型(即Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他)。如：
Let me help you. 让我帮助你。
Let's go home at six o'clock. 我们六点回家吧。
否定句一般在宾语后加not。如：
Let him not watch TV. 不要让他看电视。
4)No＋v.ing型(此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中，意为“禁止做某事”)。如：
No smoking! 严禁吸烟！
No parking! 不许停车
5）祈使句和其它句子连用
句型①
祈使句，and + 句子（一般将来时态），and意思是那么，如：
Take a shower, and you'll be relaxed.
洗个淋浴，那么你就会放松。
句型②
祈使句，+ or句子（一般将来时态），or意思是否则。如：
Study hard, or you won't get good grades.
努力学习，否则你就不会取得好成绩。
四、感叹句。
用于表用于表达强烈的感情。
what或how以其所修饰的词置于句首。what后加名词，how后加形容词或副词，其他部分用陈述句语序。如：
What a fine day it is! 多么好的天气啊！
How clean the classroom is! 教室多么干净啊！
一）构成形式：
1. How + adj./adv. +主语+谓语! 如：
1) How nice the flower is!
这朵花多好看啊！
2) How happily the students are playing!
学生们玩得多高兴啊！
2. What + (a/ an) + adj. + n. +主语+谓语!
1) What a nice flower it is！
多好看的一朵花啊！
2）What bad weather！
多么坏的天气啊!
3) What great changes they are!
他们是多么大的变化啊!
二）注意问题：
1. 常考一些不可数名词如：weather, work, news, advice, information, music 等。
2.其他结构。如：
1) What fun!
多么有趣啊！
2) What a pity!
多么遗憾啊！
中考真题
1. She listens to the radio every day, ____
A. doesn't she
B. isn’t she
C. hasn’t she
D. won’t she
2. Peter hardly had time for concerts at that time, ____
A. wasn’t he.
B. was he
C. didn’t he
D. did he
3. He’s flown to Qingdao for summer holidays, ____ he
A. isn’t
B. wasn’t
C. hasn’t
D. doesn’t
4. Liu Xiang is a super star, ____
A. is he B. isn’t he
C. does he D. doesn’t he
5. ---It looks like rain, doesn’t it
---____. And I forgot my raincoat.
A. No, it isn’t B. Yes, it is
C. No, it doesn’t D. Yes, it does
6. You bought a new computer last week, ____ you
A. aren’t B. don’t
C. didn’t D. haven’t
7. ---Your sister isn’t a nurse, is she
---____. She teaches English in a middle school. A. No, she isn’t
B. Yes, she is
C. Yes, she isn’t
D. No, she is
8. There is enough food for the birds, isn’t ____
A. it B. there
C. that D. this
9. I hear the boy sitting under the tree is your new neighbour. He’s from Canada, ____
A. has he
B. isn’t he
C. does he
D. hasn’t he
10. The air is fresh outside. Let’s go and take a walk, ____
A. will you
B. shall we
C. don’t you
D. aren’t you
11. ---____ kind girl Nancy is!
---Yes, she is always ready to help others.
A. What B. What a
C. How D. How a
12. ____ important English speech contest they are listening to!
A. What B. How
C. What an D. How an
13. ____ tall the boy is! He can play volleyball very well.
A. How B. What a C. What
14. ____ warm weather it is today! Let’s go climbing.
A. What B. How
C. What a D. How a
15. ---Tan Qianqiu, a politics teacher, died in order to save his four students in the earthquake in Wenchuan.
---_____ teacher he is!
A. How excellent
B. What an excellent
C. What a excellent
16. ____ wonderful movie! We like it very much.
A. What B. What a
C. How D. How a
17. ____ dangerous it is to ride fast on a busy road!
A. What B. What a
C. How D. How a
18. ____ interesting books! I want to buy them.
A. What B. How C. What an
19. ____ lovely day! Why not go out for a walk
A. What B. What a
C. How D. How a
20. ---____ bad weather!
---Yes. But it will be fine soon, I think.
A. How B. What a C. What
连词成句：
you, tea, like, some, would ( )_________________________________________________________
temperature, is, what, your ( )_________________________________________________________
cup, is, where, my ( )________________________________________________________________
day, a, is, what, beautiful, it (!)_________________________________________________________
it, outside, hot, is ( )_________________________________________________________________
26. for lunch, we, what, do, have ( )______________________________________________________
27. your, beautiful, are, how, kites (!)______________________________________________________
28. birthday, is, gift, what, your ( )________________________________________________________
29. you, us, can, ride, give, a ( )_________________________________________________________
30. what, we, a, wonderful, time, had (!) ___________________________________________________