Unit 2 Travelling单元语法梳理和知识点梳理（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
8B Unit2 Travelling
单元语法讲解与训练
1、 have/ has been 和have/has gone的用法
1.have /has been 表示曾经去过某地，并且已经回来。通常可与表示次数的状语连用 .例：
(1)He has been to Beijing three times．他去过北京三次。
(2)We have never been to South Hill. 我们还从来没有去过南山。
2. have/has gone表示某人已经去了某地，但还没回来。含有人不在现场之意.例:
(1)He has gone to London. He will be back in two weeks.他已经去伦敦了。他将在两周后回来。
(2) —Is Tom at home 汤姆在家吗 —No, he isn't. He has gone to the cinema. 不在。他去看电影了。
知识链接： have/ has been in/at的用法
have/ has been in/at 表示到了某地并且已经待了一段时间，常和since, for引导的时间状语连用。例：
(1) Jim has been in Nanjing for years. 已经来南京两年了。
(2) — Have you ever been to Guangzhou —No , I have never been there . I came to Nanjing . — So you have been here since 2 years ago 你曾经去过广州吗？ 我从来没有去过广州。我来到了南京。所以你已经在南京待了两年了，对吗？
【注意】 have /has gone 和have/has been 后接副词时(home, here, there ),省略介词.例:
(1)I have been here since yesterday. 我昨天就在这儿了.
(2)He has gone there for a holiday. 他去那儿度假了.
2、 for 与since的用法
【回顾】部分短暂性动词和延续性动词的转换（可参考Unit1现在完成时的详解）
短暂性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时构成
borrow keep have kept
catch a cold have a cold have had a cold
buy have have had
die be dead have been dead
open be open have been open
close be closed have been closed
marry be married have been married
fall ill be ill have been ill
fall asleep be asleep have been asleep
1、for 的用法
(1)for后面接一段时间，不能跟时间点连用，用来说明动作延续的时间长度。例：
①We have learned English for three years. 我们学习英语已经差不多三年了。
②She has lived in Nanjing for ten years. 她已经在南京住了10年了。
(2)“for+一段时间”必须和延续性动词连用，不能和非延续性动词（短暂性动词）连在一起，但是非延续性动词的否定形式可以与“for+一段时间”连用。 例：
① I have had the computer for two years .我买这台电脑已经两年了。（这里用have代替buy,因为buy是非延续性动词）
②She has been back for an hour. 她回来已经一个小时了。（这里用be代替come,因为come是非延续性动词）
③We haven’t seen him for five years.我们已经五年没有看见他了。(非延续性动词see在否定句中可以跟“for+一段时间”连用)
2.Since的用法
(1)since后面接某一时间点，它不能跟一段时间连用，用来说明动作的起始时间。例：
①He has worked in this factory since 1992. 他自从1992年以来就在这个工厂工作。
②Great changes have taken place since three years ago. 自从三年前，这里已经发生了很大的变化。
(2)Since后面也可以跟橘子，橘子的时态一般用一般过去式。 例：
①They have made lots of friends since they came to our school. 他们自从来我们学校以来，已经交了很多朋友了。
②The workers have built several bridges since they arrived here. 自从工人们到达这里，他们已经建造了好几座桥梁。
(3)Since 还可以用在句型“It’s + some time + since+从句” 中。例：
①It’s three years since we met last time. 自从我们上次见面（到现在）已经有三年了。
②It’s two weeks since she left her home. 她离家已经两周了。
短暂性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时构成
borrow keep have kept
catch a cold have a cold have had a cold
buy have have had
die be dead have been dead
open be open have been open
close be closed have been closed
marry be married have been married
fall ill be ill have been ill
fall asleep be asleep have been asleep
阶梯训练
一、 用have been to, have gone to 和have been in 的正确形式完成下列句子
1.—Where is your brother
— He __________ the bank.
2.________ you ever________ New York
3. Jerry and his family _______ Nanjing for 2 years .
4.I _____ never _______ Australia.
5.—______ your father ________ the Great Wall
— Yes, twice.
6.Lucy isn’t here. She ________ the library.
7.Her husband ___________ Guangzhou only once.
8.One of the girls in our class _________ home for 3 days .
9.I miss my daughter very much . She __________ Beijing since 3 months ago.
10.—Is your father in
—No, he _______ to Shenzhen.
—_____ he ever ______ there before
——Yes, he ________ Shenzhen several times.
二、用for 和since 完成下列句子
1. — How long can I keep the book — _____ a week.
2. His grandfather has been dead _______ three years.
3. They have been in Nanjing _________ one year ago.
4. We haven’t seen each other _______ a long time.
5. Jim hasn’t met his friends in China _______ 2012.
6. Her mother has been ill________ two weeks ago.
7. My friend Li Hua has been away from Nanjing _________ three years.
8. I have met lots of friends _________ I came here.
9. —Has your aunt bought that popular hat — Yes. She has had it ________ five days.
10.A: Where have you been, Kate
B: I've been at the garage __________ two hours.
A: What happened Did you have an accident
B: No, nothing happened. But we haven't had the car checked _________ February. It's needed an oil change ______ a long time.
A I know. Have you gotten the car back
B: No. They've worked on it ______ four thirty, but they haven't finished it yet.
A Well, when can we get it back
B: I'll pick it up on Friday.
A That's good. Then, we'll have it at the weekend.
三、用所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。
1. Listen ! Someone ________(ring) the doorbell.
2. My mother _________(water) the trees in the garden when I came back .
3. Jerry _________(buy) the book last Sunday . She ________(buy) the book for a week.
4. —You are late. The meeting __________(begin) for about ten minutes . — Sorry, the traffic is heavy.
5. — How long ______ you _______ ______(leave) from your hometown —Since 10 years ago.
6. — What do you think Peter wants to be when he _______ (grow) up
— A teacher.
7. It_______(rain) outside . You’d better taken an umbrella with you.
8. — ______ you ______(finish) your homework — Not yet ! I ________(finish) it in an hour.
9. — _____ you _______(read )this book yet — Yes, I _______(read) it two weeks ago.
10. Kitty _________(borrow) the comic book from her classmate . She _________ (borrow) it for three days.
单元知识点归纳与总结
Welcome to the unit
重点短语：
1.打算做某事 be going to do sth.
2.做准备 get ready
3.激动的 be excited
令人激动的 be exciting
4.风景名胜 places of interest
5.长城 the Great Wall
6.比萨斜塔 the Leaning Tower of Pisa
7.小美人鱼 the Little Mermaid
8.自由女神像 the Statue of Liberty
9.悉尼歌剧院 the Sydney Opera House
10.塔桥 Tower Bridge
重点句型：
1.I’m going to South Hill for my holiday. 我打算去南山度假。（be going to 表示将要做某事，打算做某事）
2.I don’t think it’ll be a holiday for me. 我想对我而言这不会是什么假期了。（主句含有I think,I believe等词语时，常用否定前移 如：I don’t think he will come here today. 我认为他今天不会来这里。）
3.It’s the Little Mermaid. 这是小美人鱼。
Reading
重点短语：
1.玩的很开心 have a fantastic/good time
enjoy oneself/have fun
2.室内过山车 an indoor roller coaster
3.快速地 at high speed
4.匆忙地去做某事/去某地 hurry to do sth./sp.
5.跟着跑，追逐 run after
6.忍不住做某事 cannot stop doing sth.
7.两个/几个 a couple of
8.在…的结尾 at the end of…
9.在…的前面 in front of
10.在寒假期间 during the winter holiday
11.给…做笔记 make notes of
12.向某人展示某物 show sb. sth.
13.拍很多张照片 take lots of photos
重点句型：
1.We hurried to a restaurant to have a simple meal. 我们匆忙地去一家餐馆吃了一顿便饭。（hurry to do sth./sp. 匆忙赶去做某事/去某地）
2.I ran after them and couldn’t stop taking photos. （run after 跟着跑，追逐 如：Look, the dog is running after the rabbit. 看，这条狗正在追赶那些兔子；cannot stop doing sth. 忍不住做某事 如：We could not stop laughing when we watched Tom and Jerry. 我们在看《猫和老鼠》时忍不住大笑。）
3.We could even smell the apple pie and feel the wind. 我们甚至可以闻到苹果派的香味，感受到风轻轻吹过。
4.I bought a couple of key rings for you. 我为你买了几个钥匙扣。（a couple of 两个/几个 如：I saw a couple of men get out. 我看见有两个男人出去了。）
5.Hope you enjoyed yourself there! 希望你能在那玩得开心。（这是一个省略句型，省略了主语I，完整的句子是：I hope (that)you enjoyed yourself there!）
Grammar
重点短语：
1.看见某人正在做某事 see sb. doing sth.
重点句型：
1.I see Andy playing in the sand too. 我也看见安迪正在沙滩上玩耍。（see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 如：I see Tom playing basketball on the playground. 我看见汤姆正在操场上打篮球。）
Integrated skills & Study skills
重点短语：
1.看见某人正在做某事 see sb. doing sth.
2.远离… be far away from
3.告诉某人某事 tell sb. about sth.
4.到达 arrive in/at
get to/reach
5.全年 all year round
6.寒冷的、下雪的天气 on cold and snowy days
7.直飞去… take a direct flight to
8.顺便说一下 by the way
重点句型：
1.The students are listening to a radio programme about the best time to visit some places in China. 学生们正在听一个关于参观中国的一些景点的最好时间的广播节目。
2.Amy wants to give her classmates some advice on travelling in China. 艾米想给她的同学们提供一些在中国旅行的建议。（advice 是不可数名词；on是介词，介词+doing）
3.She can go there all year round. 她全年都可以去那儿。
4.It is dangerous to climb the mountains or hills on cold and snowy days. 在寒冷的、下雪的天气下去爬山是很危险的。
5.My dad has been to Singapore on business twice. 我爸爸去新加坡出差过两次。（on business 出差；关于business的其他短语：business is business 公事公办，to run a business 经营一家企业，none of your business 不关你的事）
6.We’re going to take a direct flight to Chengdu first. 我们准备首先搭乘直飞航班去成都。（direct用做形容词，意思是“径直的” 如：There is a direct high-speed train to Hangzhou. 有一班直达杭州的高速列车。）
Task
重点短语：
1.放风筝 fly kites
2.去钓鱼 go fishing
3.计划做某事 plan to do sth.
4.喜欢做某事 love/like/enjoy doing sth.
5.为某人买某物 buy sth. for sb.
buy sb. sth.
重点句型：
1.Kitty plans to write about her trip to Hong Kong. 凯蒂计划写一篇关于她去香港旅行的文章。（plan to do sth. 计划做某事）
2.My parents and I left for the airport in the early morning. 我和父母一大早就前往机场。（leave for…意思是“动身去（某处）” 如：The plane leaves for Hong Kong at 10:30. 飞机于10：30起飞前往香港。）
3.It took us about three and a half hours to fly to Hong Kong. 我们花了三个半小时飞到香港。（三个半小时还可以表达成three hours and a half）
4.She bought a lot of presents for our relatives and her friends. 她为我们的亲戚和她的朋友买了许多礼物。（buy sth. for sb. 为某人买…）
阶梯训练
一、用have been to, have gone to 和have been in 的正确形式完成下列句子
1. has gone to 2. Have been to 3. have been in 4.have been to 5. Has been to 6. has gone to 7. has been to 8. has been 9. has gone to 10.has gone Has been has been in
二、用for 和since 完成下列句子
1. For 2. for 3. since 4.for 5. since 6. since 7.for 8. since 9.for 10.for since for since
三、用所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子
1.is ringing 2.was watering 3. bought 4. has been on 5. have been away 6. Grows 7.is raining 8. Have finished will finish 9. Have read read 10.borrowed has kept
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