Unit 4 A good read单元语法梳理和知识点梳理（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
8B Unit4 A good read
单元语法讲解与训练
一、【‘Wh-’words+‘t o’ -infinitives的用法讲解】
不定式和疑问词连用，可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语等。疑问词包括疑问代词what、 which、who和疑问副词how、when、where。常和“疑问词+动词不定式”结构连用的 动词及动词短语有：know，learn、see、hear、ask、tell、decide、explain、find out、 forget、remember、understand等。 例：
① When to have the party is not known. （主语） 何时举行晚会还不知道。
② The problem is where to get a computer. （表语） 问题是到哪儿弄到一台电脑呢。
③ No one knows how to do it.（宾语） 没人知道如何做这件事。
④ I really don’t know which one to choose. （宾语） 我真的不知道选择哪一个。
★不定式和疑问词连用作宾语时有时可以改为宾语从句。例：
① I don’t know what to do next. = I don’t know what I should do next.
我不知道下一步该做什么。
②Could you tell me how to get to the nearest bank
=Could you tell how I can get to the nearest bank 你能告诉我如何到达最近的银行？
③ Paul doesn’t know who to turn to for help.
= Paul doesn’t know who he should turn to for help. Paul不知道该向谁求助。
【注意】特殊疑问词why后面不能用“to do”,但是可以跟宾语从句。例：
Suzy will explain why to recommend this book.（.×）
Suzy will explain why she recommends this book. (√)
【经典试题】
We’re talking about where______(spend) our coming summer holiday.(2013江苏泰州中考)
【答案】to spend
【经典试题】
一Simon, I hear you are going abroad for further study. Have you decided _______
一 Next September.(2013江苏南通中考)
A. when going B. when to go C. how going D. how to go
【答案】B
【经典试题】
I don’t remember _______ the book yesterday. (2013北京中考)
A. where I put B. where did I put C. where will I put D. where I will put
【答案】A
【经典试题】
一Philip has gone to New Zealand．
一Oh，can you tell me________ (2013江苏苏州中考)
A．when did he leave B．when he is leaving
C．when he left D．when is he leaving
【答案】C
二、【must /have to 的用法讲解】
1、must 和have to 都可以表示需要做某事。不同点在于：
must侧重于说话人的主观意志，表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思是“必须，得，要”。have to侧重于客观的需要，含有“不得不”的意味。例：
(1)He must say it in English. 他必须用英语说这件事。(I want him to do.)
(2)He has to say it in English. 他不得不用英语说。(Because he doesn’t know Chinese.)
(3)He must move the big box.他必须自己搬这个大盒子。 (I am too busy to help.)
(4He has to move the big box.他只好自己搬这个大盒子。 (He’s got no one to help him.)
2. must的否定形式must not（mustn’t）表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。如：
(1)You must not srnoke here．你不能在这里抽烟。
(2)Children mustn’t run in the street. 孩子们不能在街道上奔跑。
have to 的否定形式是not have to，相当于needn’t.(没有必要) 因为它有人称和数的变化，在不同的时态中可以变为：has to , had too ,will have to ,相对应的否定形式:don’t/doesn’t have to , didn’t have to , won’t have to 例：
（1）My husband went to Beijing on business last weekend , so I had to watch a film alone.我的丈夫上周末去北京出差了，所以我只好独自看了电影。
(2) They don’t have to / needn’t buy a computer at the moment．他们目前没有必要买电脑。
【注意】
1.由must引起的疑问句中，肯定回答用must或者是have to ；否定回答用needn’t或者是don’t have to ,意识是不必。例：
一Must I finish the work today
一Yes, you must. / Yes, you have to
一No, you need not.(needn’t) /No, you don’t have to.
我必须得今天就完成工作吗？ 是的。 / 不，不必。
2. must还可以表示肯定猜测，意思是“一定”。例：
（1）You must be hungry after all that walking．走了这么远的路，你一定饿了吧
(2) It must have rained last night , for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面上是湿的。
知识链接：
must /have to表示提建议，should/ought to/had better/why not/why don’t you/perhaps/ let’s / What (how)about 也有这样的用法。
1.用should /ought to 可以表示“劝说”或“督促”， 和must 一样， 但三者语气强弱不同。用ought to则语气上不那么坚定；用should 语气比较肯定一些，说话人的主观信心要强烈一些；用must则在语气上最强烈。例：
（1）I ought to write to him today.
（2）We should protect the environment.
（3）You must do your homework.
2.had better (常缩写为’d better) ，是一固定词组，表示“最好”，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。
had better 后面加动词原形，即 “had better do sth.”。不论主语是第几人称，句子无论是何种时态，had better的形式不变，有时简略地说成 “’d better do sth.”。例：
You’d better put on the coat. It’s cold outside. 你最好穿上大衣，外面冷。
had better 的否定形式为“’d better not do sth.”， 表示“最好不要做……”。例：
（1）You’d better not miss the last bus.
（2）You’d better not play on the road. It’s dangerous.
3.Why not… /Why don’t you …
这两种句型结构常用于说话人向对方提出一个建议，意思是“为什么不……？”；“你为什么不……？”
Why not… / Why don’t you … 后面必须跟动词原形。例:
(1)Why not go swimming =Why don’t you go swimming
(2)Why don’t you go out for a walk =Why not go out for a walk
4.Perhaps
perhaps也可用于句首或句尾，表示有礼貌地提出建议、请求或提供帮助等。例：
(1)Perhaps we could ... 也许我们可以......
(2)Perhaps people should try their best to protect the forests..
5.let’s do sth , what/ how about doing sth 例：
（1）Let’s go to the park.
(2) What/How about going to the park
阶梯训练
一、单项选择
1. —I usually go there by train.　
—Why not ___ by boat for a change 　
A. to try going　 B. try to go C. to try and go D. try going　
2.They have decided to go to Yangzhou for their holiday, but they have not decided ____yet.
A. when go B. what to do it C. how to go D. where to go
3. You ____ be careful with fire when you have a picnic in the forest. It’s too dangerous.
A. must B. can C. may D. will
4.—Why not go to Hainan for a trip this winter
— ______
A. Never mind. B. Because it’s too far. C. Sounds great! D. Because I’m poor.
5. — _____ watching Jacky Chen’s movie tonight —That’s a good idea.
A. Let’s B. What about C. Why not D. Why don’t you
6.—_____ I hand in my homework now, Mr Zhao
— No, you ______. You______ hand it in tomorrow.
A. Shall; may not; have to B. Can; mustn’t; need
C. Should; can’t; may D. Must; needn’t; can
7. You’d better ____ your daughter at home alone. She will be frightened.
A. don’t leave B. don’t to leave C. not to leave D. not leave
8. You are not busy today. ____ go to the zoo with Helen
A. What about B. Why don’t C. Why not D. Let’s
9. — I want to be as slim as Sandy. What should I do
— ____ you ____ exercise more.
A. Maybe; could B. Perhaps; should C. Maybe; must D. Perhaps; must
10. For everyone’s safety, we ______always remember the law against driving after drinking.
A. could B. should C. might D. would
二、按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。
1. The boy drank a glass of milk yesterday morning.(改为否定句）
The boy _______ ________ a glass of milk yesterday morning.
2. I have already seen the film. (改为一般疑问句）
______ you _____ the film_____
3.The girl goes to the park twice a month.（对划线部分提问）
____ _____ _____ the girl ____ to the park
4. Can you show me how I can play this kind of computer games （改为同义句）
Can you show me _____ _____ _____ this kind of computer games
5. I don’t know where I will have my birthday party.
I don’t know _____ _____ ____ my birthday party.
三、 翻译下列句子。
1. 他不知道如何解决这个问题。
______________________________________________
2. 我父亲在学如何给他的朋友发电子邮件。
________________________________________________
3. 我还没决定买哪一本书。
_________________________________________________
4.他生病了，明天将不得不去医院。
__________________________________________________
5.我们最好不要这么晚起床。
____________________________________________________
6.你不应该吃这么多肉。
_______________________________________________________
四、根据情境，结合以上的语法知识完成下列对话
1. Emily: Oh, it's very hot today. Where can I go
David: ________ go to the beach You ________ go swimming.
Emily: But I don't know ___________（swim）.
David: I can teach you.
2. Billy: I got low marks in my Maths exam again. I don’t know_____________ (do)next
Jim I think you should pay more attention in Maths class._______ joining our study group We study for an hour in the library every day after school.
Billy: That's a good idea.
单元知识点归纳与总结
Welcome to the unit
重点短语：
1. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
2. give sb. sth. 给某人某物
give sth. to sb.
3. a survey on… 关于…的调查
4. World War II( the Second World War) 第二次世界大战
5. improve my knowledge of the past 提高我关于过去的知识
6. in your spare/free time 在你空闲的时间
重点句型：
1. Have you decided what to do with these books, Hobo 霍波，你已经决定怎么处理这些书了吗？（句中“疑问词what+动词不定式”结构作宾语。该结构中的疑问词还可用when、how、which等。如I did not know how to get away. 我不知道如何逃走。
2. I like reading novels and plays. The Hunchback of Notre Dame by the French writer Victor Hugo is great. 我喜欢阅读小说和戏剧，法国作家维克多.雨果的《巴黎圣母院》非常棒。
Reading
重点短语：
1. Gulliver’s Travels 格列佛游记
2. as far as I can 尽我所能地远
3. be tired out 精疲力竭
4.wake up 醒来
5.be tied to 被系到…上
6. in the centre of… 在…的中心
7.start doing sth. 开始做…事（持续性）
start to do sth. 开始做…事（强调动作）
8.begin doing sth. 开始做…事（持续性）
begin to do sth. 开始做…事（强调动作）
9.continue doing sth. 继续做同一件事（还没完成）
continue to do sth. 继续做另一件事情 （已经完成一件工作）
10.shout at sb. 对某人大喊大叫
11.make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
12.manage to do sth. 设法做到/完成某事
13.look down 往下看
e straight towards sb. 向某人径直走来
15.run away from 从…逃离
16.get away 逃跑
17.try to do sth. 尝试做某事
18.happen to 发生…
19.tear sth. up 把某物撕碎
20.by mistake 不小心地
21.care about 在乎
重点句型：
1. After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could. 在我们的船撞到岩石之后，我奋力前游。 （句中的as far as I could意思是“尽我所能地远”，使用的是“as…as…”结构，其中far为副词。该结构中也可使用形容词。如：It is not as hard as I thought. 这没有我想像得那么困难。）
2. My arms, legs and hair were tied to the ground! 我的胳膊、腿和头发都被拴在地上！（句中的were tied to…是一般过去时的被动语态。）
3. He was the same size as my little finger! 他不过就我小手指那么点大！（短语the same…as…意思是“与…一样…”。如：My coat is the same colour as hers, but it is a different size. 我的外套和她的颜色一样，但是尺寸不同。）
4. However, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body. 然而，他们很快又起身，并继续在我身上走过。（短语continue doing sth.意思是“继续做…”也可用continue to do sth.来表达。如：The rain continued falling/to fall all afternoon. 这场雨整整一下午都下个不停。）
5. I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes. 我试着解开一只手，最后终于成功地弄断了绳索。（句中的manage意思是“完成（困难的事），勉力完成”。如：How did you manage to get there 你怎么到达那里的？）
6. I looked down and saw a huge army of tiny people. 我向下望去，看见一大群小人儿。（短语an army of…意思是“一群…”。如：an army of ants 一群蚂蚁；句中的army最常用的意思是“军队（尤指陆军）”。如：Her husband is in the army.她的丈夫在陆军服役。
7. Sandy is trying to explain what happened to Gulliver. Sandy正试着解释在格列佛身上所发生的事。
Grammar
重点短语：
1.recommend sb. to do sth. 推荐某人做某事
recommend sb. as… 推荐某人做…
2.teach sb.sth./to do sth. 教某人某事/做某事
3.by the way 顺便问一下
4.think of 想起，有…的想法
5.keep quiet 保持安静
6.return the book on time 按时还书
7.remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
重点句型：
1. Mr Wu is always there to help us. 吴老师总是在那儿帮助我们。
Integrated skills & Study skills
重点短语：
1.the Harry Potter series 哈利波特系列
2.date of birth 出生日期
3.finish doing sth. 完成做某事
4.publishing houses 出版社
5. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
6.make some mistakes 犯错
7. share sth.with sb. 和某人分享某物
8. at the very beginning 在一开始的时候
9.be popular in 在…很流行
10.search for information 搜索信息
11.at a time 一次
12.find sb. +adj. 发现某人…
13. for example 例如
14. sail the sea 航海
15. look for hidden treasure 寻找隐藏起来的宝藏
16. the main character 主角
17. be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事
18. in the future 在将来
重点句型：
1. All the British publishing houses refused to publish it. 所有的出版社都拒绝出版它。
2. You don’t have to come to our desk. Just renew them online. 你不必来我们服务台办理。在线续借即可。（句中的online用作副词，该词也可用作形容词。如：online travel 在线旅行）
Task
重点短语：
1.spend time（in）doing sth. 花时间做某事
2.ask for advice 征询意见
3.on weekdays 在工作日
4.the four great classical Chinese novels 中国古典四大名著
5.open up 打开
重点句型：
1. I spend over seven hours a week reading different types of books. 我每天花超过七个小时的时间来阅读不同类型的书。
2. They also open up a whole new world to me. 它们也为我打开了一个
阶梯训练
一、单项选择
1-5 BCACB 6-10 DDCCB
二、按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。
1.didn’t drink 2. Have seen yet 3. How often does go 4. how to play 5. where to buy
三、 翻译下列句子
1.He doesn’t know how to solve the problem. 2.My father is learning how to send emails to his friends. 3.I haven’t decided which book to buy. 4. He is ill and he will have to go to the hospital tomorrow.
5. We’d better not get up so late. 5. Children mustn’t play in the street , it’s too dangerous.
四、根据情境，结合以上的语法知识完成下列对话
1.Why not / Why don’t you , can , how to swim 2. what to do , what about
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)