学案10 定语从句---备考2023中考英语二轮高频考点剖析学案(解析+原卷版)

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名称 学案10 定语从句---备考2023中考英语二轮高频考点剖析学案(解析+原卷版)
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
学案12 定语从句
备考2023中考英语二轮高频考点剖析学案
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
分析近6年中考真题可知,定语从句为中考的高频考点,在单项选择和完形填空中均有考查,且均考查定语从句的关系词。所考查关系词包括:that、which、who、 whose、 where。考生在解答此类试题时,要分析语境判断关系词.
①that作主语、宾语,先行词是人或物。
②which作主语、宾语,先行词是物。
③who作主语、宾语/whom作宾语,先行词是人。
④whose作定语,先行词是人或物。
⑤只能使用that的特殊情况。
高频考点一:定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。
1. who指人(也可用that),在定语从句中作主语,也可作宾语。注意:关系代词who指人,作宾语时,可用whom代替;作宾语时,关系代词可省略。作其它成分,关系代词则不能省略。
2. whose指人,也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。
3. which指物(也可用that),在定语从句中作主语,也可作宾语。如:
高频考点二:关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。如:
That is the place in which I lived for five years.
=That is the place which / that I lived in for five years.
那就是我住过五年的地方。
Mr Zhang is the man for whom I am looking.
=Mr Zhang is the man who / whom / that I am looking for.
张先生就是我正在找的那个人。
高频考点三:具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题。
1.先行词是地点时,如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时,关系代词用that或which.
2.只用that,不用which的情况。
3. 只用which,不用that的情况。
考点剖析☆名师点拨
高频考点剖析一:关系代词的作用和用法
1.关系代词的作用有三个:
(1)连接作用:关系代词引导从句,把从句和主句连接起来。
(2)替代作用:关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词。
(3)成分作用:关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。
2.关系代词的基本用法:
3.关系代词who /that , whom /that和whose的用法
在定语从句中作主语时,用who /that,不可省略。
先行词指人 在定语从句中作宾语时,用whom /who /that,可以省略。
在定语从句中作定语时,用whose,相当于of whom,不可省略。
【典例】①This is the scientist achievement(成就)are well known.(这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。)
【典例】② She is the woman lives next door.(她就是住在隔壁的妇女。)
【典例】③That is the boy I teach.(那是我教的那个男孩。)
【思路点拨】:首先确定被修饰的名词(先行词)在定语从句中的作用(句子成分),再根据语法成分确定关系代词。
①关系代词whose在从句中作定语,相当于替代the scientist's(科学家的成就)。
②关系代词在从句中作主语。
③关系代词在从句中作teach的宾语。
【方法技巧】作为关系代词,that用法灵活,既可以替代指人的先行词,也可以替代指物的先行词;既可替代单数的先行词,也可替代复数的先行词。当that在定语从句中作主语时,注意谓语动词既可能是单数,也可能是复数。
高频考点剖析二:that和which的特殊用法及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.下列情况下,先行词指人时,只能用who引导,不用that。
(1)先行词是指人的不定代词。
(2)there be结构中,先行词指人时,多用who。
(3)在非限定性定语从句中,先行词指人,且作主语时用who。
2.下列情况下,先行词指物,只能用which引导,不能用that。
(1)当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which,不用that。
(2)先行词本身就是that时,只用which,不用that。
3.下列情况下,先行词指物或指人时,只能用that引导,不能用which。
(1)当先行词是指物的不定代词all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, some等时。
(2)当先行词前面有the only, the very(恰恰,正好),any, every, some, no, all, few, little, much, the right, the last, just等词修饰时。
(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。
(5)主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时,用that不用which引导。
(6)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
(7)当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。
(8)当先行词既有指人的又有指物的时。
【典例】①人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。
People all like those have good manners.
【典例】②有一些想去海南度假的人。
There are some people want to have a holiday in Hainan.
【思路点拨】:考查关系代词的特殊用法。先行词为指人的不定代词时,关系代词用who; there be句型中先行词指人时,关系代词也用who 。
【思路点拨】:①牢记这些使用关系代词的规则,复杂的定语从句就简单了。
②当先行词在从句中作主语时,注意主谓要一致。
知识归纳
指人的不定代词有:one, ones, anyone, no one, those, all nobody, anybody, none等。
易错警示
在有固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分离,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如:(误)This is the book for which I'm looking.
高频考点剖析三:关系副词的用法
(1)当关系词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词。其中when =表时间的介词(如:in, at, on, during等)+which ; where=表地点的介词(如:in, at, on, under等)+which; why=表原因的介词(如:for)+which。
(2) where /when=介词+关系代词(which )。有时为表达清楚,还可以在关系副词where /when前加介词from或to等。
【典例】(1)我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。
I still remember the day I first came to Beijing.
【典例】(2)我永远不会忘记我在北京度过的那些日子。
I'll never forget the days I spent in Beijing.
【思路点拨】:(1)先行词是the day,将它代入定语从句中是:I first came to Beijing on the day. the day在从句中作时间状语,关系词应为表示时间的关系副词when, when=on which。
(2)先行词为the days,在定语从句中作spent的宾语。
(3)先行词为the office,在从句中作地点状语,即he works in the office,所以office后要用表示地点的关系副词where ( = in which ) 。
(4) the reason在定语从句中作原因状语,即he is absent for the reason,关系词要用表示原因的关系副词why(=for which) 。
(5)先行词是the birthplace,在从句中作地点状语,由于它和关系词被of kites分割开了,为了表达清楚需要在关系副词前加介词from。
【典例】(1) Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from you received gifts
A. which B. them C. that D. whom
【典例】(2) I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
在(1),(2)题中先行词同为表示时间的名词the day,但是由于它们在从句中所承担的句子成分不同,所以关系词也不同。
【方法技巧】
首先分清主句和从句。再确定从句中的先行词。其次是把先行词代回定语从句中去看它在从句中充当什么句子成分。最后根据先行词在从句中的作用确定关系词。
考点过关☆专项突破
1.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考一模)—What do you think of the mountain climbers
—I look up to them very much. The spirit of the climbers ________ shows us that humans can be stronger tells us not to give up.
A.which B.of whom C.who
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你认为登山者怎么样?——我非常尊敬他们。登山者的精神告诉我们人类可以更强大,告诉我们不要放弃。
考查定语从句。which关系代词,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;of whom介词+宾格,whom指人的关系代词,在从句中作宾语;who关系代词,指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;分析句子结构可知,此句为定语从句,先行词是The spirit of the climbers,指物,且在从句中作主语,用which符合语境。故选A。
2.(2022·新疆伊犁·校考一模)—How do you like the movie tonight, Tony
—It is the most interesting movie ________ I have ever seen.
A.when B.that C.what D.who
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你觉得今晚的电影怎么样,托尼?——那是我曾经看过的最有趣的一部电影。
考查定语从句。when关系副词,作时间状语;that关系代词,先行词指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句;who关系代词,先行词指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。句中先行词前有最高级the most interesting修饰,关系词用that,故选B。
3.(2022·甘肃定西·统考一模)The tall man ________ wears a new coat is our new English teacher.
A.who B.whose C.what D.which
【答案】A
【详解】句意:那个穿着新外套的高个子男人是我们的新英语老师。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知,本句是定语从句,先行词是The tall man,指人,空处在句中作主语,所以关系词用who,故选A。
4.(2022·湖北十堰·统考一模)—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV
—Sure. It’s the most popular TV program ________ brings the habit of reading back into the public.
A.which B.who C.that D.what
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你喜欢中央电视台每周的脱口秀《朗读者》吗?——当然。这是最受欢迎的电视节目,把阅读的习惯带回给了公众。
考查定语从句。根据“It’s the most popular TV program”和“brings the habit of reading back into the public”可知,此处为定语从句,先行词为TV program,由于从句缺主语,故应用关系代词,先行词表示“电视节目”且有最高级“the most popular”修饰,故只能用that。故选C。
5.(2022·江苏常州·校考二模)—Do you like the weekly show, The Reader, on CCTV
—Sure. It’s a programme ________ brings the habit of reading back into the public.
A.who B.that C.what D.whom
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你喜欢中央电视台每周播出的《朗读者》吗?——当然。这是一个让公众重新养成阅读习惯的节目。
考查定语从句关系词。根据“a programme ... brings the habit of reading back into the public”可知此处是定语从句,先行词“a programme”指物,且在从句中作主语,用that引导定语从句。故选B。
6.(2022·广西贵港·统考三模)—Do you know the woman ________ wears a blue skirt
—Oh, she is my aunt.
A.which B.what C.who D.whom
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你认识那位穿蓝色裙子的女士吗?——噢,她是我的阿姨。
考查定语从句。which哪一个;what什么;who谁;whom谁(宾格)。根据“Do you know the woman...wears a blue skirt ”可知,“...wears a blue skirt”为定语从句,先行词“the woman”是人,所以定语从句的引导词可用that/who/whom,而此时定语从句缺少主语,结合选项,此空应是who。故选C。
7.(2022·贵州铜仁·统考三模)—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on TV
—Sure. It’s a great TV programme __________ brings the habit of reading back into the public.
A.what B.that C.who D.whom
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你喜欢电视上每周播出的脱口秀《朗读者》吗?——当然。这是一个很好的电视节目,让公众重新养成了阅读的习惯。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词是TV programme,指物,引导词在从句中作主语,用that引导。故选B。
8.(2022·山东青岛·校联考一模)When Robinson Crusoe got to the island, the first thing ________ he did was to look for some food.
A.who B.whom C.that D.which
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当鲁滨逊·克鲁索到达这个岛时,他做的第一件事是寻找食物。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该句为定语从句。先行词为“thing”,指物,关系代词应用that或which,此处先行词“thing”被序数词修饰,故只能用that引导定语从句。故选C。
9.(2022·江苏徐州·校考三模)Chaka Salt Lake ________ is known as Mirror of the Sky interests more and more tourists.
A.where B.which C.who D.when
【答案】B
【详解】句意:被称为天空之境的茶卡盐湖吸引着越来越多的游客。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该句为定语从句。从句修饰名词“Chaka Salt Lake”,先行词为“Chaka Salt Lake”,指物,从句缺少主语,应用关系代词which或that引导。故选B。
10.(2022·广西钦州·统考二模)This is the new car ________ my sister bought yesterday.
A.who B.what C.which
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这是我姐姐昨天买的新车。
考查定语从句。who关系代词,先行词指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句;which关系代词,先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。句子先行词是指物的名词car,在从句中作宾语,应用which引导,故选C。
11.(2022·吉林长春·校考模拟预测)The book ________ you lent me is really exciting and interesting.
A.who B.which C.what D.it
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你借给我的这本书是真的令人兴奋和有趣。
考查代词辨析和定语从句。who引导定语从句,先行词是人;which引导定语从句,先行词是事物;what什么,引导名词性从句;it它。此处是定语从句,先行词the book表示事物,因此用which引导,故选B。
12.(2022·山西太原·山西大附中校考模拟预测)—Most people ________ watched 315 Evening Gala on CCTV began to focus on the safety of many things, such as food, toys and even their bank cards.
—Yes. Especially when I saw my favorite “laotansuancai” I was shocked greatly.
A.who B.which C.when
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——大多数人看了央视315晚会后开始关注很多东西的安全,比如食品、玩具,甚至他们的银行卡。——是的。尤其是当我看到我最喜欢的“老坛酸菜”时,我大为震惊。
考查定语从句。分析题干可知,本句是定语从句,先行词为人,关系词在从句中作主语,who符合,故选A。
13.(2022·四川达州·统考一模)Peter and his car ________ disappeared mysteriously in London in 1987 appeared mysteriously in New York in 1993.
A.what B.which C.\ D.that
【答案】D
【详解】句意:1987年在伦敦神秘失踪的彼得和他的车于1993年神秘地出现在纽约。
考查定语从句。what什么;which引导定语从句时为关系代词,指物;that引导定语从句时为关系代词,可以指人,也可以指物。根据“Peter and his car...disappeared...appeared...”可知,空处为定语从句的关系词,先行词既有人又有物,所以用关系代词that,在从句中作主语。故选D。
14.(2022·福建厦门·福建省同安第一中学校考模拟预测)Nowadays, Gu Ailing seems to be the most popular idol in China ________ helps people develop the hobby of skiing.
A.who B.where C.which
【答案】A
【详解】句意:现在,谷爱凌好像在中国是最受欢迎的偶像,她帮助人们培养了滑冰的爱好。
考查定语从句关系代词。分析句子结构可知,题干包含一个定语从句,先行词是Gu Ailing,空格上应填一个代替先行词且在从句中作主语的关系代词。who在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语,指代人;where在引导的定语从句中作状语;which在引导定语从句中作主语或宾语,指代物。因此本题正确答案是A。故选A。
15.(2022·吉林长春·吉林大学附属中学校考模拟预测)The three Shenzhou-13 astronauts ________ had completed their space tasks well returned to the earth safely and successfully on 16th April.
A.what B.which C.who D.whom
【答案】C
【详解】句意:4月16日,三名神舟13号宇航员顺利完成太空任务,安全返回地球。
考查定语从句。此句是定语从句,先行词“The three Shenzhou-13 astronauts”指人,在从句中作主语,用关系词who引导定语从句,故选C。
16.(2022·四川成都·统考模拟预测)—Please say something about your English teacher.
—Oh! He is a teacher ________ has sense of humor.
A.who B.whom C.whose
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——请谈谈你的英语老师。——哦!他是一位有幽默感的老师。
考查定语从句。分析题干可知,本句是定语从句,先行词指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,who符合,故选A。
17.(2022·吉林长春·东北师大附中校考模拟预测)We look up to the great scientist called Yuan Longping ________ was a hero in our hearts forever.
A.which B.who C.whose D.whom
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们非常敬仰伟大的科学家袁隆平,他作为一个英雄永远活在我们心中。
考查定语从句。which哪一个(引导定语从句时,在从句中作主语或宾语,指代物);who谁(引导定语从句时,在从句中作主语或宾语,指代人);whose谁的(引导定语从句时,在从句中作定语,指代人或物);whom什么人(引导定语从句时,在从句中作宾语,指代人)。根据“We look up to the great scientist called Yuan Longping...was a hero in our hearts forever.”可知此题包含一个定语从句,先行词是Yuan Longping,空处需填一个代替先行词且在从句中作主语的关系代词。故选B。
18.(2022·四川成都·校考二模)—Do you know where Lily’s birthday party is going to be held
—It will be held in a restaurant ________ can hold 200 people.
A.where B.what C.which
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你知道Lily的生日会在哪里举行吗?——它将在一家可容纳200人的餐厅举行。
考查关系代词。where在哪里,关系副词,不能作从句主语;what什么,引导宾语从句;which哪一个,引导宾语从句和定语从句。根据“can hold 200 people”可知原句是定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,先行词是“a restaurant”,应用关系代词which,故选C。
19.(2022·吉林长春·校考模拟预测)We have been inspired by a speech ________ was given by Ivy! Now we are full of hope and passion.
A.who B.where C.it D.which
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们从艾薇的演讲中受到了启发!现在我们充满了希望和激情。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词“a speech”是物,且在从句中作主语,所以关系代词用which。故选D。
20.(2022·吉林长春·东北师大附中校考一模)The WWF is an organization ________ saves the animals in danger.
A.where B.what C.that D.who
【答案】C
【详解】句意:世界自然基金会是一个拯救濒危动物的组织。
考查定语从句。where关系副词,当先行词表地点时使用;what什么,不可以引导定语从句;that关系代词,在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语,先行词为人、物均可;who关系代词,在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语,先行词为人。根据“The WWF is an organization”和“saves the animals in danger”可知,空格处为一个定语从句,排除选项B。由于从句缺主语,且先行词organization“组织”是物,应用that引导从句。故选C。
21.(2022·吉林长春·校考三模)It's hard to say goodbye to Bing Dwen Dwen ________ is popular with people of different ages.
A.that B.whose C.what D.where
【答案】A
【详解】句意:和不同年龄层的人都喜欢的Bing Dwen Dwen说再见是很困难的。
考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,这是定语从句,先行词Bing Dwen Dwen是物,且在从句中作主语,所以关系代词用that。故选A。
【点睛】引导定语从句的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose。其中that指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语;which指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;who指人,在从句中作主语;whom指人,在从句中作宾语,在口语中可以用who代替;whose指人或物,横线前后的词有所属关系。
22.(2022·内蒙古兴安盟·统考一模)The woman ________ is the most important in my life is my mother.
A.which B.who C.whom D.what
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在我生命中最重要的女人是我的母亲。
考查定语从句。which指物,作主语或宾语;what不引导定语从句;whom指人,作宾语;who指人,作主语或宾语。本句是定语从句,先行词是The woman,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用who引导,故选B。
23.(2022·江苏宿迁·统考三模)The woman ________ is the most important in my life is my mother.
A.whom B.what C.which D.who
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在我生命中最重要的女人是我的母亲。
考查定语从句。which指物,作主语或宾语;what不引导定语从句;whom指人,作宾语;who指人,作主语或宾语。本句是定语从句,先行词是The woman,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,故选D。
24.(2022·山东滨州·统考二模)Could you tell me the result of the discussion ________ you had made in the meeting just now
A.who B.when C.how D.that
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你能告诉我你刚才在会上讨论的结果吗?
考查定语从句关系词。who指代人;when指代时间;how如何;that既可以指人又可以指物。根据先行词“the result of the discussion”是指物可知,应该使用“that”。故选D。
25.(2022·湖北十堰·校考一模)—Do you know who Su Bingtian is
—Yes, he is a famous runner ________ set the new Asian record of 9.83 second in men’s 100-meter race at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
A.who B.whom C.whose D.which
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你知道苏炳添是谁吗?——知道,他是一位著名的赛跑运动员,在2020年东京奥运会男子100米比赛中以9.83秒的成绩创造了亚洲新纪录。
考查定语从句。who引导限制性定语从句,先行词指人,在定语从句中充当主语和宾语;whom引导限制性定语从句,先行词指人,在定语从句中充当宾语;whose引导限制性定语从句,先行词指人或指物,在定语从句中充当定语;which既能引导限制性定语从句,也能引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指物,在定语从句中充当主语和宾语,作宾语时可以省略。本题先行词“ a famous runner”是人,定语从句缺少主语,因此填关系代词who。故选A。
26.(2022·湖北鄂州·校考二模)—These days, many kids are very interested in the song Lonely Warriors. Why
—Maybe they think it’s a song ________ has great lyrics and rhrhythm.
A.which B.who C.where D.what
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——现在,很多孩子对《孤勇者》这首歌很感兴趣。为什么?——也许他们认为这是一首歌词和节奏都很棒的歌。
考查定语从句。 which哪一个;who谁;where在哪里;what什么。此处是定语从句,先行词song是指物,在从句中作主语,用which引导定语从句,故选A。
27.(2022·四川成都·四川省成都市七中育才学校校考二模)The 19th Asian Games ________ theme is Heart to Heart, @ Future will be held in Hangzhou.
A.who B.whose C.which
【答案】B
【详解】句意:以“心连心,向未来”为主题的第19届亚运会将在杭州举行。
考查定语从句。who指代人,作主语或宾语;whose作定语;which指代物,作主语或宾语。此空的关系代词修饰后面的名词“theme”作定语,因此用“whose”。故选B。
28.(2022·广西柳州·统考模拟预测)Is this university ________ your elder brother will choose this year
A.where B.that C.the one
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这是你哥哥今年要选的大学吗?
考查定语从句。主句缺表语,A、B两项不能作句子的表语,此处含定语从句,定语从句中缺少宾语,省略了定语从句的引导词。故选C。
29.(2022·辽宁葫芦岛·统考三模)— Do you like the novel
— Yes, I do. It is the first one ________ I have read three times.
A.who B.when C.that D.this
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你喜欢这本小说吗?——是的,我喜欢。这是我读了三遍的第一本书。
考查定语从句。who指人,作主宾表;when指时间,作状语;that指人或物,作主宾表;this不能引导定语从句。先行词是“one”,指代小说,在从句中作read的宾语,且被序数词first修饰,此时只能用that引导从句。故选C。
30.(2022·湖南株洲·统考一模)Amy Hayes lives in a house in the UK ________ she built herself out of rubbish.
A.that B.who C.where
【答案】A
【详解】句意:Amy Hayes住在英国一所她自己用垃圾建造的房子里。
考查定语从句。分析句子可知,该句是含有定语从句的复合句;先行词“house”,关系词用that;that在从句中作“built”的宾语。故选A。
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学案12 定语从句
备考2023中考英语二轮高频考点剖析学案
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
分析近6年中考真题可知,定语从句为中考的高频考点,在单项选择和完形填空中均有考查,且均考查定语从句的关系词。所考查关系词包括:that、which、who、 whose、 where。考生在解答此类试题时,要分析语境判断关系词.
①that作主语、宾语,先行词是人或物。
②which作主语、宾语,先行词是物。
③who作主语、宾语/whom作宾语,先行词是人。
④whose作定语,先行词是人或物。
⑤只能使用that的特殊情况。
高频考点一:定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。
1. who指人(也可用that),在定语从句中作主语,也可作宾语。注意:关系代词who指人,作宾语时,可用whom代替;作宾语时,关系代词可省略。作其它成分,关系代词则不能省略。
2. whose指人,也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。
3. which指物(也可用that),在定语从句中作主语,也可作宾语。如:
高频考点二:关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。如:
That is the place in which I lived for five years.
=That is the place which / that I lived in for five years.
那就是我住过五年的地方。
Mr Zhang is the man for whom I am looking.
=Mr Zhang is the man who / whom / that I am looking for.
张先生就是我正在找的那个人。
高频考点三:具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题。
1.先行词是地点时,如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时,关系代词用that或which.
2.只用that,不用which的情况。
3. 只用which,不用that的情况。
考点剖析☆名师点拨
高频考点剖析一:关系代词的作用和用法
1.关系代词的作用有三个:
(1)连接作用:关系代词引导从句,把从句和主句连接起来。
(2)替代作用:关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词。
(3)成分作用:关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。
2.关系代词的基本用法:
3.关系代词who /that , whom /that和whose的用法
在定语从句中作主语时,用who /that,不可省略。
先行词指人 在定语从句中作宾语时,用whom /who /that,可以省略。
在定语从句中作定语时,用whose,相当于of whom,不可省略。
【典例】①This is the scientist achievement(成就)are well known.(这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。)
【典例】② She is the woman lives next door.(她就是住在隔壁的妇女。)
【典例】③That is the boy I teach.(那是我教的那个男孩。)
【思路点拨】:首先确定被修饰的名词(先行词)在定语从句中的作用(句子成分),再根据语法成分确定关系代词。
①关系代词whose在从句中作定语,相当于替代the scientist's(科学家的成就)。
②关系代词在从句中作主语。
③关系代词在从句中作teach的宾语。
【方法技巧】作为关系代词,that用法灵活,既可以替代指人的先行词,也可以替代指物的先行词;既可替代单数的先行词,也可替代复数的先行词。当that在定语从句中作主语时,注意谓语动词既可能是单数,也可能是复数。
高频考点剖析二:that和which的特殊用法及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.下列情况下,先行词指人时,只能用who引导,不用that。
(1)先行词是指人的不定代词。
(2)there be结构中,先行词指人时,多用who。
(3)在非限定性定语从句中,先行词指人,且作主语时用who。
2.下列情况下,先行词指物,只能用which引导,不能用that。
(1)当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which,不用that。
(2)先行词本身就是that时,只用which,不用that。
3.下列情况下,先行词指物或指人时,只能用that引导,不能用which。
(1)当先行词是指物的不定代词all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, some等时。
(2)当先行词前面有the only, the very(恰恰,正好),any, every, some, no, all, few, little, much, the right, the last, just等词修饰时。
(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。
(5)主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时,用that不用which引导。
(6)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
(7)当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。
(8)当先行词既有指人的又有指物的时。
【典例】①人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。
People all like those have good manners.
【典例】②有一些想去海南度假的人。
There are some people want to have a holiday in Hainan.
【思路点拨】:考查关系代词的特殊用法。先行词为指人的不定代词时,关系代词用who; there be句型中先行词指人时,关系代词也用who 。
【思路点拨】:①牢记这些使用关系代词的规则,复杂的定语从句就简单了。
②当先行词在从句中作主语时,注意主谓要一致。
知识归纳
指人的不定代词有:one, ones, anyone, no one, those, all nobody, anybody, none等。
易错警示
在有固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分离,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如:(误)This is the book for which I'm looking.
高频考点剖析三:关系副词的用法
(1)当关系词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词。其中when =表时间的介词(如:in, at, on, during等)+which ; where=表地点的介词(如:in, at, on, under等)+which; why=表原因的介词(如:for)+which。
(2) where /when=介词+关系代词(which )。有时为表达清楚,还可以在关系副词where /when前加介词from或to等。
【典例】(1)我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。
I still remember the day I first came to Beijing.
【典例】(2)我永远不会忘记我在北京度过的那些日子。
I'll never forget the days I spent in Beijing.
【思路点拨】:(1)先行词是the day,将它代入定语从句中是:I first came to Beijing on the day. the day在从句中作时间状语,关系词应为表示时间的关系副词when, when=on which。
(2)先行词为the days,在定语从句中作spent的宾语。
(3)先行词为the office,在从句中作地点状语,即he works in the office,所以office后要用表示地点的关系副词where ( = in which ) 。
(4) the reason在定语从句中作原因状语,即he is absent for the reason,关系词要用表示原因的关系副词why(=for which) 。
(5)先行词是the birthplace,在从句中作地点状语,由于它和关系词被of kites分割开了,为了表达清楚需要在关系副词前加介词from。
【典例】(1) Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from you received gifts
A. which B. them C. that D. whom
【典例】(2) I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
在(1),(2)题中先行词同为表示时间的名词the day,但是由于它们在从句中所承担的句子成分不同,所以关系词也不同。
【方法技巧】
首先分清主句和从句。再确定从句中的先行词。其次是把先行词代回定语从句中去看它在从句中充当什么句子成分。最后根据先行词在从句中的作用确定关系词。
考点过关☆专项突破
1.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考一模)—What do you think of the mountain climbers
—I look up to them very much. The spirit of the climbers ________ shows us that humans can be stronger tells us not to give up.
A.which B.of whom C.who
2.(2022·新疆伊犁·校考一模)—How do you like the movie tonight, Tony
—It is the most interesting movie ________ I have ever seen.
A.when B.that C.what D.who
3.(2022·甘肃定西·统考一模)The tall man ________ wears a new coat is our new English teacher.
A.who B.whose C.what D.which
4.(2022·湖北十堰·统考一模)—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV
—Sure. It’s the most popular TV program ________ brings the habit of reading back into the public.
A.which B.who C.that D.what
5.(2022·江苏常州·校考二模)—Do you like the weekly show, The Reader, on CCTV
—Sure. It’s a programme ________ brings the habit of reading back into the public.
A.who B.that C.what D.whom
6.(2022·广西贵港·统考三模)—Do you know the woman ________ wears a blue skirt
—Oh, she is my aunt.
A.which B.what C.who D.whom
7.(2022·贵州铜仁·统考三模)—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on TV
—Sure. It’s a great TV programme __________ brings the habit of reading back into the public.
A.what B.that C.who D.whom
8.(2022·山东青岛·校联考一模)When Robinson Crusoe got to the island, the first thing ________ he did was to look for some food.
A.who B.whom C.that D.which
9.(2022·江苏徐州·校考三模)Chaka Salt Lake ________ is known as Mirror of the Sky interests more and more tourists.
A.where B.which C.who D.when
10.(2022·广西钦州·统考二模)This is the new car ________ my sister bought yesterday.
A.who B.what C.which
11.(2022·吉林长春·校考模拟预测)The book ________ you lent me is really exciting and interesting.
A.who B.which C.what D.it
12.(2022·山西太原·山西大附中校考模拟预测)—Most people ________ watched 315 Evening Gala on CCTV began to focus on the safety of many things, such as food, toys and even their bank cards.
—Yes. Especially when I saw my favorite “laotansuancai” I was shocked greatly.
A.who B.which C.when
13.(2022·四川达州·统考一模)Peter and his car ________ disappeared mysteriously in London in 1987 appeared mysteriously in New York in 1993.
A.what B.which C.\ D.that
14.(2022·福建厦门·福建省同安第一中学校考模拟预测)Nowadays, Gu Ailing seems to be the most popular idol in China ________ helps people develop the hobby of skiing.
A.who B.where C.which
15.(2022·吉林长春·吉林大学附属中学校考模拟预测)The three Shenzhou-13 astronauts ________ had completed their space tasks well returned to the earth safely and successfully on 16th April.
A.what B.which C.who D.whom
16.(2022·四川成都·统考模拟预测)—Please say something about your English teacher.
—Oh! He is a teacher ________ has sense of humor.
A.who B.whom C.whose
17.(2022·吉林长春·东北师大附中校考模拟预测)We look up to the great scientist called Yuan Longping ________ was a hero in our hearts forever.
A.which B.who C.whose D.whom
18.(2022·四川成都·校考二模)—Do you know where Lily’s birthday party is going to be held
—It will be held in a restaurant ________ can hold 200 people.
A.where B.what C.which
19.(2022·吉林长春·校考模拟预测)We have been inspired by a speech ________ was given by Ivy! Now we are full of hope and passion.
A.who B.where C.it D.which
20.(2022·吉林长春·东北师大附中校考一模)The WWF is an organization ________ saves the animals in danger.
A.where B.what C.that D.who
21.(2022·吉林长春·校考三模)It's hard to say goodbye to Bing Dwen Dwen ________ is popular with people of different ages.
A.that B.whose C.what D.where
22.(2022·内蒙古兴安盟·统考一模)The woman ________ is the most important in my life is my mother.
A.which B.who C.whom D.what
23.(2022·江苏宿迁·统考三模)The woman ________ is the most important in my life is my mother.
A.whom B.what C.which D.who
24.(2022·山东滨州·统考二模)Could you tell me the result of the discussion ________ you had made in the meeting just now
A.who B.when C.how D.that
25.(2022·湖北十堰·校考一模)—Do you know who Su Bingtian is
—Yes, he is a famous runner ________ set the new Asian record of 9.83 second in men’s 100-meter race at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
A.who B.whom C.whose D.which
26.(2022·湖北鄂州·校考二模)—These days, many kids are very interested in the song Lonely Warriors. Why
—Maybe they think it’s a song ________ has great lyrics and rhrhythm.
A.which B.who C.where D.what
27.(2022·四川成都·四川省成都市七中育才学校校考二模)The 19th Asian Games ________ theme is Heart to Heart, @ Future will be held in Hangzhou.
A.who B.whose C.which
28.(2022·广西柳州·统考模拟预测)Is this university ________ your elder brother will choose this year
A.where B.that C.the one
29.(2022·辽宁葫芦岛·统考三模)— Do you like the novel
— Yes, I do. It is the first one ________ I have read three times.
A.who B.when C.that D.this
30.(2022·湖南株洲·统考一模)Amy Hayes lives in a house in the UK ________ she built herself out of rubbish.
A.that B.who C.where
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