主从复合句语法讲解合集
（时间状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，目的状语从句，结果状语从句）
一. 主从复合句概况
1. 复合句即两个及以上的句子共同构成一个完整的句子。
(
(
1
)
.
宾语从句
（从句
作主
句的宾语）
(
2
)
.
状语从句
（从句
作主
句的状语）
(
3
)
.
定语从句
（从句
作主
句的定语）
)2. 主从复合句即由一个主句和从句共同构成的一个完整句子。
3. 初中阶段的主从复合句
4. 怎么区分主句和从句？
从句一般都会有引导词，如that, if, whether, when, as, since等，除非引导词省略.
注意：所有引导词中能省略的只有that，因为它有时没有含义，只起连接作用。
二. 时间状语从句
I. 状语从句的分类：时间状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，目的状语从句，结果状语从句。
II. 表示时间的连词：before和after
1. before: 在…之前
You should come back home before six o’clock.
2. after: 在… 之后
After answering a call, he rushed out and nobody knew where he went.
3. 辨析before和after
两者最根本的区别：有时间先后。
练习(1)：To make your DIY work perfect, you’d better not start _______ you get all the tools ready.
A. when B. while C. before D. after
(2) Mary went shopping with her father _______ she finished all the homework. (before, after)
III. 表示时间的连词：when和while
1. when: 当…时
When I got home, my mother was cooking.
2. while: 当…时
While Jimmy was playing games, Tom went out.
3. 辨析when和while
两者最根本的区别：while后只能跟延续性动词，强调主句和从句中的动作同时发生。
when后可跟延续性和短暂性动词。
练习（1）--What were you and your father doing at 7:00 yesterday evening
--I was doing my homework ______ my father was reading newspapers.
A. when B. as soon as C. while
（2）The manager of the hotel was waiting at the gate _______ the guests arrived.
A. while B. when C. unless D. after
IV. until和till
until和till意为“直到…”。两者单独使用时没有区别，until比till更正式。
但是not…until结构，不能用till。
The noise of the street didn’t stop until midnight.
练习：--Excuse me. Is it my turn now --Not yet. Please wait outside ______ your name is called.
A. until B. since C. so
V. since和for
1. since
since意为“自…以来”，自过去的某个时间点到现在为止。
因此，since引导的从句用过去式或者过去的时间，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时。
例（1）：It is five years since we last met in Beijing.
结构：It is + 段时间 + since + 从句（谓语动词用过去式）
例（2）：I have been very busy since last week.
结构：主句（谓语动词用现在完成时）+ since + 过去的时间
2. for
for+段时间，多用于现在完成时，偶尔会用一般过去式，所以要仔细审题。
I ________ (be) a teacher for 10 years, but now I am an artist
I _________ (be) a teacher for 10 years and I really enjoy this job.
3. 辨析since和for
根本区别：since为连词，for为介词。用法的不同参考以上解析。
练习(1)：--How long have you lived in this new flat --________ 2016.
A. In B. After C. Since D. Before
(2)-- How long have you been collecting stamps --_________.
A. Three years ago B. After three years C. Since three years D. For three years
VI. as soon as
意为“一…就”
当主句是一般将来时或祈使句，从句通常用一般现在时。简称“主将从现”。
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to Shanghai.
Call me back as soon as you return home.
练习：I’ll tell you about the matter ________ she returns to the office.
A, until B. unless C. as soon as D. although
三. 原因状语从句
I. because 引导的原因状语从句
原因状语从句是指在复合句中表示主句动作发生的原因的句子。
例：--why didn’t you go to school yesterday？
--Because I was ill.
（1）because 表示动作发生的直接原因，语气很强，常用来回答why引导的疑问句。
（2）汉语习惯说“因为…所以…”，但是英语中because和so不能连用。
Because it’s raining, so we cannot go out for a walk. ( × )
Because it’s raining, we cannot go out for a walk. ( √ )
II. since和as引导原因状语从句
(1) since意为“既然”，从中文可以看出，既然引出的原因是双方都知道的。较为正式，常放句首。
Since you are free, you’d better tidy your room.
(2) as和since 的用法大体相同，表示“双方已知的原因”。
As it is raining, you’d better not go out and take good care of your younger sister.
III. for引导的原因状语从句
for做并列连词，通常放在主句之后表示因果关系。
有时不表示因果关系，表示对前面内容的解释或推断。（不能与because互换）
注意：for的两个用法要根据句意区分，for+段时间时for是介词；for表示因果关系时是连词。不要混淆。
例：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.
三. if和unless引导的条件状语从句
If引导的句子在复合句中表示条件，做主句的条件状语，因此称为条件状语从句。
考点：从句和主句的时态问题
1. 主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。
I’ll go with you if you don’t want to go alone.
2. 主句有must, may, can等情态动词，从句用一般现在时。
If you drive too fast, you may have an accident.
3. 主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时。
Be careful with your homework if you don’t want to make mistakes.
辨析if引导条件状语从句和宾语从句的区别
1. If引导宾语从句时在整个句子中做宾语，意为“是否”，相当于whether。
做题规则根据宾语从句的语法规则来。
2. If引导条件状语从句时在整个句子中做状语，意为“如果”，位于句首或句中。
做题规则根据“主将从现”的原则。
例：I don’t know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I’ll call you.
III. unless引导的条件状语从句
意为“除非，如果不”。
1. 当我们描述将来发生的事情时，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。(主将从现)
You will miss the early bus unless you get up early.
2. 当unless位于句首时，要用逗号将从句与后面的主句隔开。
Unless it rains tomorrow, we will go swimming after school.
3. unless相当于if…not, 可以互换。
Unless he works harder than before, he won’t catch up with others.
=If he doesn’t work harder than before, he won’t catch up with others.
四. 让步状语从句
although和though
(1) 相同点a: although和though引导的让步状语从句中，主句里不能用but。若要强调前后两句的对比意义，可在主句前加yet或still。
Although/though he has a lot of money, yet/still he is unhappy.
相同点b: 若从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句的谓语动词为be动词，常采用省略形式。
Although tired (Although he was tired), he kept on working.
The problem, though complicated (= though it is complicated), can be solved without much difficulty.
(2) 不同点a：although较为正式，though常用在非正式的口语中。另外，although的语气比though强。
例: He insists on doing it although I have warned him not to do.
不同点b：even和though连用表示强调，但是even不能喝although连用。
Even though=even if
例：Even though/ if we could afford it, we can’t go abroad for our vacation.
不同点c：当让步状语从句指某种假设情况，一般用though而不用although。
例：Though all the world were against me, I would still hold on to my opinion.
不同点d：though可以独立作为副词，放在句末。意为“仍然，还是；然而”
例：She didn’t tell me what she had done; I knew it, though.
III. so…that和such…that
引导结果状语从句的从属连词（词组）有so…that, such…that等。so后接形容词或副词, such后接名词或者名词词组。
例1：It was so dark that they couldn’t see each other’s faces.
例2：His idea was such a good one that we all agreed to take it.
IV. so that
1. so that 引导目的状语从句, 其后常接can, will, could, may等情态动词。
so that 有时也可引导结果状语从句。
例(1)：My father gets up early very morning so that he can catch the early bus.
例(2)：He studied hard, so that he won the first place last term.
2. so that 引导目的状语从句相当于in order that.
Amy takes exercise every day in order that he can keep healthy. =
Amy takes exercise every day so that he can keep healthy.
3. 注意区分so that和so…that的区别
so that既能引导结果状语从句，又能引导目的状语从句。
so…that只能引导结果状语从句。
例：Tom got up early this morning so that he could catch the train.
Tom got up so early this morning that he caught the train.
五. 定语从句
I. 定语的理解
1. The man wearing a red coat
2. The right to decide what to do
划线部分是什么成分？
划线部分是定语，定语即修饰。
定语修饰谁 ---定语修饰名词或代词。
修饰有时前置有时后置。
“The man wearing a red coat”中词组做定语。
“The right to decide what to do” 中 不定式做定语
那么句子可以做定语吗？--当然，那就是定语从句。
II. 定语从句的由来
1. He is a student. He has a car.
（1）两个句子有什么共同点？---有一个相同的主语he。
（2）如何将其中一个句子作为从句？-- 那就是拿一个从属连词来连接两个句子。
He is a student who has a car.
Who既是从属连词，负责连接两个句子，又是从句的代词，代替a student做主语。
2. Taizhou is a beautiful city. He lives in Taizhou.
----Taizhou is a beautiful city where he lives.
---Taizhou is a beautiful city which he lives in.
（1）两个句子有什么共同点？ --有一个相同的宾语Taizhou.
（2）如何将其中一个句子作为从句。--拿一个从属连词来连接两个句子。
这里where是连接副词，而which是连接代词。
总结：
定语从句的主句和从句必然有一个名词是一样的，而从句用代词或者副词省略了这个相同的名词。
被修饰的名词成为“先行词”。
III. 定语从句的分类
限制性定语从句
The farmer has four sons who are working in a bank.
非限制性定语从句
The farmer has four sons, who are working in a bank.
IV. 连接词
1. 关系代词： 代替人，代替物，代替人和物
主格：who/ that/ which
宾格: whom/ who/ that/ which
表语：who/ that/ which
定语：whose
当先行词指人，关系代词用who/ that.
例：He looks like the suspect who/ that is wanted by the police.
当先行词指物，关系代词用which/ that
例: This is the book that which I have been looking for.
当先行词作定语时，关系代词用whose。
例：It’s a great TV programme whose purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the public.
2. 关系副词：时间，地点，原因
when, where, why= for which
where指地点， 可用in which替换。
例：This is the factory where I work.
when指时间，在句中作时间状语。
例: I often think of the days when we worked together.
why指原因，在句中作原因状语。
I don’t know the reason why he was late yesterday.
六. 宾语从句
I. 宾语从句的连接词的用法
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。常用的连接词有：that; if; whether; what; which; who; whom; when; where; how; why等。
注意：Unit1讲了并列句的连词，本单元的连词为复合句的连词，都是连词，起连接作用。
注意区分并列句和复合句。
1. 宾语从句是陈述句时，因为在口语中that在从句中不做任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语和非正式文体中常被省略。
例：Lucy says (that) she won’t take part in the sports meeting.
2. 宾语从句是一般疑问句时，用if或whether来引导。 if, whether意为“是否”，whether还可以与or not连用。
if和whether用法的区别：
动词不定式之前只能用whether
I can’t decide whether to go with him.
Whether...(or) not是固定搭配
介词后只能用whether
We are interested in whether he can finsih the work without any help.
II. 宾语从句的语序
1. 宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序，即便从句本身为疑问句，也要变为陈述句。
III. 宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句是一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况而定。
例： I know she lived here five years ago.
We’ve heard that she has been back for a long time.
2.如果主句是过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时），宾语从句时态应用相应的过去的时态。
例：I didn’t know she talked with hert mother about this thing.
3.客观事实、格言、科学真理，从句时态用一般现在时。
例：He said that the earth goes around the sun.
IV. 表示特殊疑问句语气
宾语从句为特殊疑问语气时，用连接代词和连接副词引导。
例：1. I don’t know who broke the window. (who在从句中做主语)
2.He wanted to know whom Lucy was looking for. (whom在从句中做定语)
3. I don’t know why he is so angry. (why在从句中做状语)
V. 宾语从句的否定前移
在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose等时，如果主句为I 或we时，从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose等前。
例：I don’t expect he will come to my party tomorrow.
注意：如果主句主语不是I或we，则not不前移。
例：Marry thinks she can’t arrive there on time.
VI. 宾语从句的简化
1.当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是hope, wish, decide等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。
例：I hope that I can meet you soon.
＝I hope to meet you soon.
2. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是know, tell, remember, forget, show, teach, learn等时，句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
例：1. I don’t know what I should do next.
＝I don’t know what to do next.
2. Mr Hu tells us that we shouldn’t draw on the wall.
＝Mr Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.中考必考语法复习--主从复合句分类练习
让步状语从句，结果状语从句和目的状语从句
1. The TV play Journey to the West is ________ interesting _______ I would like to watch it again.
A. such; that B. too; to C. so; that D. enough; to
2. ________ Jimmy has lost his left leg, he never gives up being a dancer.
A. Since B. Although C. Unless D. If
3. Gone with the Wind is ________ an interesting novel ______ I want to read it again and again.
A. so; that B. too; to C. enough; to D. such…that
4. –What a mess! The sharing electronic bikes are thrown here and there.
--Let’s collect and put them in the right place ______ they can be used conveniently.
A. unless B. so that C. because D. so long as
5. Air pollution will remain a problem for a long time, ________ we have done a lot to solve it.
A. though B. since C. unless D. if
6. My grandfather does Chinese Kung Fu every day ______ he is over eighty.
A. since B. though C. until D. if
7. We had ______ awful weather ________ we couldn’t finish the work on time.
A. so; that B. such; that C. such an; that D. too..to
8. It was_____ lovely weather _____we decided to go out for a picnic.
A. such a, that B. such, that C. such, as D. so, that
9. –Why are you so hard-working, Tom
--I work hard ______ I can enter a better high school in several months.
A. in order to B. so that C. because of D such that
If和unless引导的条件状语从句
1. Unless the weather ______, we’ll have to cancel the picnic.
A. improve B. improves C. improved D. will improve
2. –What ______ if they _______ to the meeting late --Sorry, I don’t know.
A. will happen; will go B. happened; go C. happens; will go D. will happen; go
3. The young mother won’t leave her baby ________ she is sure that he has already been asleep.
A. because B. if C. unless D. since
4. You will be able to see something ______ you climb onto those rocks.
A. though B. if C. until D. unless
时间状语从句
1. Look out! Look at the traffic lights ______ crossing the road.
A. before B. after C. since D. until
2. Bob, dinner is ready. Please wash your hands _______ you eats.
A. until B. after C. while D. before
3. Our teachers have been with us for nearly three years ______ we came to junior high school. We should thank them for what they have done for us.
A. until B. before C. since D. as
4. I didn’t believe I could do it ______ I got to the top of Mount Tai.
A. unless B. until C. after D. as
5. The TV news talked about a car accident near our house ______ I was eating.
A. as soon as B. since C. while D. until
6. I ________ my homework while my parents ________ TV last night.
A. did; have watched B. was doing; were watching
C. am doing; were watching D. would do; were watching
7. ----When can they finish the work ----_________. Just wait.
A. Until next month B. Not until next Friday C. Several days ago D. For several days
8. --How long have you lived in this new flat --________ 2016.
A. In B. After C. Since D. Before
9. -- How long have you been collecting stamps --_________.
A. Three years ago B. After three years C. Since three years D. For three years
10. When Mr. Jiang got home, his food _______ (lay) on the bed, his private papers _______ (spread) all over the floor.
原因状语从句
1. Mr. Smith is popular with the students _______ he always makes his class interesting.
A. until B. while C. because D. although
2. Could you help me with housework ________ you are free today
A. since B. though C. unless D. until
3. He found it increasingly difficult to read _______ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
A. and B. for C. but D. or
4. ________ he exercise every day, ________ he is very healthy.
A. Because; so B. Because; though C. Because; / D. Though; /
5. ________ it is often cold in the mountains, you need to wear warm clothes.
A. Though B. Unless C. As D. Until
6. It’s hard for us to say goodbye _______ we have so many happy days to remember.
A. so B. because C. although D. until
7. The two companies decided to work together _______ they had common interest.
A. because B. unless C. but D. or
8. –Why do you like this TV programme --________ it’s very interesting and exciting.
A. Though B. Because C. So D. Since
9. Tony never spends money on buying books ______ he doesn’t like reading.
A. but B. because C. though D. until
宾语从句
1. I really don’t know____________.
A. when shall we leave for Shanghai B. when we shall leave for Shanghai
C. why do we have to stay here D. what we have to stay here
2. —The light in his room is still on. Do you know __________
—In order to prepare for the coming exam.
A. if he works hard B. why he stays up so late
C. why is he so busy D. when he will stop working
3. Would you please tell me _________
A. when did he come home B. where he would play football
C. if he had seen the film D. why he didn't watch the game
4. I want to know .
A. how long has your uncle married
B. how long it is since your uncle got married
C. how long your uncle had been married
D. how long your uncle has married
5. Could you please tell me_________________
A. what would life be like in the future B. what life would be like in the future
C. how would life be like in the future D. how life would be like in the future
6. She is kind and helpful and often does _______she can to help me.
A. when B. how C. where D. whatever
7. — I can’t decide _______to do with so many old clothes.
— Why not send them to a charity
A. why B. what C. who D. where
8. ----I don’t know_______ I should do with the broken car.
----Let me see. Maybe I can help you.
A. what B. how C. when D. where
9. Mary has been chosen as the chairperson of the Students’ Union. We never doubt ________.
A. if she is able to do the job well B. that she is able to do the job well
C. if she can provide good service to us D. that she can offer good service for us
10. Mary has been chosen as the chairperson of the Students’ Union. We never doubt ________.
A. if she is able to do the job well B. that she is able to do the job well
C. if she can provide good service to us D. that she can offer good service for us
11. Can you tell me _________________ last night
A. what was the matter outside B. what was matter outside
C. what the matter was outside D. what is wrong outside
12. —Peter, is there anything else you want to know about China
—Yes, I am still wondering __________.
A. how is Chinese paper cut made
B. how was the Great Wall built in ancient times
C. why the Chinese people like to play the dragon dance
D. why do the Chinese people eat rice dumplings at Dragon Boat Festival
13. –Did the teacher tell you _____ this afternoon –Yes, we will go to visit the Great Wall.
A. to go where B. how to do C. what to do D. to do what
14. Miss Green didn’t tell us __________ in 2002.
A. where does she live B. where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived
What are you doing, Jack –I am searching for some information about the Blue Moon, I wonder __________.
A. that it will appear next time B. why does it look blue
C. when was it found for the first time D. whether it represents something lucky
15. –Could you tell me ______ about the local education --I think www.sipedu.org will be helpful.
A. how can I find information B. what information I can get
C. where I can get the information D. whose information I can get
16. It seemed that in general the robot ____________ (satisfy) Mr. Jiang’s needs.
17. Please remember it is the last time that I ________ (explain) the easy Math problem to you.
定语从句
选择题
1. I like people ________new ideas and try them out. What about you
A . who has B. that has C. who have D. which have
2. That is the cook ______ came from London.
A. that B. which C. / D. Who
3. Do you know the equation E = mc2, _______ is a great achievement in physics
A. which B. that C. in which D. what
4. I've got a bottle of beer, but I haven't got anything _______ I could open it with
A that B. what C. where D. which
5. —Nowadays Wechat is very popular among friends.
—Yes. It seems the best way of communication ____ people like.
A. that B. which C. who D. what
6. This is one of the most interesting books _______I have_____ read.
A. that; never B. which; never C. that; ever D. which; ever
7. The number of people who _______English as a foreign language more than 750 million.
A. learns; are B. learn; is C. learns; is D. learn; are
8. H7N9 bird flu is a virus _______can make people die. We’d better stay away from birds at present.
A. who B. which C. what D. whom
填空题
I like teachers who _______ (be) always friendly, helpful and fair to each student.
The man who ______ (live) next door to us is very strange.
Now we have ten students who ______ (learn) French as a second language.
Great changes have taken place in the city _______ I was born.
From the year _____ he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
Here is the drawing of the person ______ might be the murderer.
A knife ______ was covered in blood was found in a rubbish bin near Corn Street,
I still remember the college and the teachers ____ I visited in London years ago.
