2023届上海市名校高三最新英语试题阅读理解新闻报道 -（含答案解析）

阅读理解新闻报道 -2023届上海市名校高三最新英语试题
（2022·上海市复旦附中模拟预测））Apple on Tuesday said its revenue fell 5 percent in the first quarter, compared with $88.3 billion a year earlier, as chief executive Tim Cook admitted that people are holding on to their i-Phones longer.
Revenue from the maker if i-Phones came in at $84.31 billion, slightly higher than the company estimated earlier this month, when it wanted that sales would fall to about $84 billion. At the time, Cook cited a slowdown in China’s economy as well as President Trump’s trade war for weakening i-Phone demand. It was Apple’s first warning in more than 15 years.
Apple’s stock jumped more than 4 percent in after-hours trading.
In its results, Apple said net sales of i-Phones were down by more than $9 billion compared with the same quarter last year. Cook conceded that many Apple users are “holding on to their older i-Phones a bit longer than in the past,” which contributed to lower i-Phone demand. But he also pointed to shifts in foreign exchange values that made Apple products more expensive in certain markets.
Consumers are holding on to their smartphones for three years or longer. The Washington Post reported last month. But higher selling prices — with some high-end models costing over $1,000 — have been able to compensate for fewer new phones sold.
Sales increased in other categories such as services, wear-ables and tablets. Altogether, Apple reported net income of $19.97 billion for the quarter compared to $20.01 billion in the same period a year earlier. The popularity of Apple’s smartwatch has driven significant growth in the company’s wear-ables segment, according to the company.
“Our wear-ables business is approaching the size of a Fortune 200 company,” said chief financial officer Luca Maestri.
While Cook asknowledged the continuing economic slowdown in China, he said it is “not in our DNA to stand around waiting for macroeconomic conditions to improve.” One effort Apple is undertaking in response, Cook added, is to encourage customers to trade in their old devices and receive credit toward purchasing new phones. Apple offered deep discounts on its i-Phone XR around the holidays, for instance, for people trading in recent devices.
More than two-thirds of Apple customers in China who bought an iPad or a Mac last quarter were first-time purchasers of those devices, Cook said.
Apple, the first trillion-dollar company last year, also said it is expecting lower revenues next quarter — between $55 billion and $59 billion — compared with the same time last year, when it reported revenues of $61.1 billion. The company attributed the lower guidance to the same foreign exchange and macroeconomic factors it cited for the quarter that ended in December.
Shareholders were already reeling from Apple’s acknowledgement this week of a major flaw in its mobile operating system that allowed attackers to eavesdrop(窃听)on the recipient of Face-Time calls. Apple told users it is aware of the issue and that it plans to release a software update this week.
Tuesday marked the first of Apple’s earnings reports in which the company did not report the number of i-Phones it sold in the quarter. But the company did say that the total number of i-Phones active worldwide now stands at 900 million — a positive sign of Apple as it seeks to convert many of its customers into users of its services such as Apple Pay and Apple Music.
1．According to Tim Cook, the following accounted for weakening i-Phone demand EXCEPT ________.
A．Apple users keep their Apple devices longer than before.
B．The macroeconomic conditions home and abroad were not ideal.
C．The changing exchange values.
D．A major bug in its mobile operating system.
2．What can we learn from the underlined sentence
A．Apple is about to take the initiative to turn around its business.
B．Apple is not good at dealing with macroeconomic condition in a foreign country.
C．Apple is not worried about the economic slowdown in China because of its huge consumers.
D．Apple is sure of overcoming the temporary downturn in sales with its technology.
3．Which of the following is TRUE
A．One of Apple’s goals is that his services can appeal to more consumers.
B．On Tuesday, Apple didn’t publicize its earnings reports because of its poor performance.
C．Apple’s wear-ables category can almost compete with a Fortune 200 company.
D．i-Phones’ higher prices contribute to the fact that the number of i-Phones sold is decreasing.
4．What does the passage imply
A．According to the passage, Apple has sold 900 million i-Phones around the world.
B．Apple once became the richest company in the world last year.
C．Despite current difficulty, Tim Cook was confident of the future of Apple’s revenues.
D．More and more Apple users began to dislike their Apple devices.
（2022·上海市复兴高级中学校考模拟预测）Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers responsible for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making not only by banks but also by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.
“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist, Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the strawberries out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.
The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient(短期的)investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hold back a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been called “quarterly capitalism”.
In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities(股票), quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markets. “There seems to be an advantage of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.
In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to delay performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.
Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure(披露)of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.
Within companies, the right compensation design can provide motivation for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all shareholders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.
5．One reason for imposing the new rule is the regulations _________.
A．enhance banker’s sense of responsibility
B．help corporations achieve larger profits
C．build a new system of financial regulation
D．guarantee the bonuses of top executives
6．What can be learned about “Short-termism” from the passage
A．Children always pursue short-term profits by eating strawberries first.
B．The influence of it on the companies can be negative in the long run.
C．It will bring high profits for the company, thus keeping its customers.
D．Digital technology acts as a dominant contributor to its worsening.
7．The US and France examples in paragraph 5 and 6 are used to illustrate ________.
A．the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”
B．the significance of long-term thinking
C．the approaches to promoting “long-termism”
D．the popularity of short-term thinking
8．Which of the following would be the best title for the text
A．Failure of Quarterly Capitalism
B．Patience as a Corporate Virtue
C．Decisiveness Required of Top Executives
D．Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers
（2022秋·上海市进才中学校考阶段练习）Business has slowed, layoffs mount, but executive pay continues to roar—at least so far. Business Week’s annual survey finds that chief executive officers (CEOs) at 365 of the largest US companies got compensation last year averaging $3.1 million—up l.3 percent from 1994.
Why are the top bosses getting an estimated 485 times the pay of a typical factory worker That is up from 475 times in 1999 and a mere 42 times in 1980. One reason may be what experts call the “Lake Wobegon effect”. Corporate boards tend to consider that “all CEOs are above average”—a play on Garrison Keillor’s famous line in his public radio show, A Prairie Home Companion, that all the town’s children are “above average”. Consultants provide boards with surveys of corporate CEO compensation. Since directors are reluctant to regard their CEOs as below average, the compensation committees of boards tend to set pay at an above-average level. The result: Pay levels get raised.
Defenders of lavish CEO pay argue there is such a strong demand for experienced CEOs that the free market forces their pay up. They further maintain most boards structure pay packages to reflect an executive’s performance. They get paid more if their companies and their stock do well. So companies with high-paid CEOs generate great wealth for their shareholders.
But the supposed cream-of-the-crop executives did surprisingly poorly for their shareholders in 1999, says Scott Klinger, author of this report by a Boston-based Organization United for a Fair Economy. If an investor had put $10,000 apiece at the end of 1999 into the stock of those companies with the 10 highest-paid CEOs, by year-end 2000 the investment would have shrunk to $8.132. If $10,000 had been put into the Standard & Poor’s 500 stocks, it would have been worth $9,090. To Mr. Klinger, these findings suggest that the theory that one person, the CEO, is responsible for creating most of a corporation’s value is dead wrong. “It takes many employees to make a corporation profitable.”
With profits down, corporate boards may make more effort to tame executive compensation. And executives are making greater efforts to avoid pay cut. Since CEOs, seeing their options “under water” or worthless because of falling stock prices, are seeking more pay in cash or in restricted stock.
9．What could be implied by “Lake Wobegon effect” according to the passage
A．It is a fact that executives’ income must increases with time
B．When businesses have slowed, there must be more layoffs.
C．People tend to think themselves more significant than others.
D．Directors are reluctant to regard their CEOs as below average
10．What is the major cause of the CEO’s pay rise according to paragraph two
A．All CEOs are above the average and they deserve an ever-rising pay.
B．Garrison Keillor is successful in promoting CEOs in A Prairie Home Companion.
C．Directors have a persistent, positive idea of the overall ability of the CEOs.
D．A top boss should earn hundreds of times more than a typical worker.
11．Concerning Scott Klinger’s idea or description, which of the following is probably correct
A．CEOs alone are not able to make a company prosperous.
B．All investors in the stock market will suffer from financial loss.
C．He had been an outstanding shareholder until 1999.
D．He has offered valuable advice on how to prosper a company.
12．The underlined part “cream-of-the-crop" is closest in meaning to ________.
A．delicious B．enterprising C．ablest D．greedy
（2022·上海交大附中·模拟预测）Last summer, a video from Cardiff showed opera coach Mary King wet-eyed during the finals of BBC Cardiff Singer of the World.Who had moved her to tears Mongolian baritone (男中音) Ariunbaatar Ganbaatar, towering, broad-shouldered, with a huge smile and a mighty voice, the 29-year-old sang Rossini,Verdi and Tchaikovsky and charmed everyone, including the judges, who declared him joint winner of the Song prize. “There was something so imposing about the sound,” King said. “Contained and glorious. It’s very unusual to find this combination of presence, power and effortlessness.”
Ariunbaatar doesn’t have a typical background for a contestant in one of the world’s most celebrated opera contests. He grew up in the traditional Mongolian way, living in circular tents with his nomadic (游牧的) family. As a child, he rode some 60 miles a day, and he was always singing. He won a place at university in Ulaanbaatar but dropped out after two years when he couldn’t pay the fees, became a taxi driver and one night got chatting to a customer who happened to be the chief of police. Long story short: he joined Ulaanbaatar’s police orchestra, worked his way back to university, then onwards to the grand opera houses of Russia and Europe.
That backstory aroused my curiosity — so much so that three months later I was on a flight to Ulaanbaatar with a radio producer and suitcase of audio equipment. I had the same basic knowledge many westerners share about Mongolia: Genghis Khan, Gobi desert, furry camels, wild horses, wonderful throat singers. My guidebook described a proud nation. “It is rude to turn down an offer of horse’s milk,” I read, “for it is considered a gesture of friendship.”
International wins have made Ariunbaatar famous at home. Politicians hope his career will secure Mongolia’s position on the opera map-portraying it as a modern nation. He says he has no intention to leave Mongolia. His family still travel on the plain, still ride on horseback, still packup their tents to follow new grasslands. “Being with them on the land is what gives me inspiration to sing.” he says. “Wherever I am, that is what I imagine when I sing.”
13．Ariunbaatar won the Song prize mainly because of
A．his command of different songs.
B．his charming appearance.
C．his unusual background.
D．his impressive sound.
14．What is most likely to be Ariunbaatar’s turning point before he rose to fame
A．He was admitted to a university for the first time.
B．He became a member of the police orchestra.
C．He moved Mary King and got the big prize.
D．He was raised in the traditional Mongolian way.
15．What can be learned from the last paragraph about Ariunbaatar
A．He cares little about fame.
B．He hopes to become better known.
C．He wants to give his family a better life.
D．He draws inspiration from the horses.
16．What is the passage mainly about
A．How Ariunbaatar became a famous star.
B．An introduction to an opera singer.
C．Why the author travelled to Mongolian.
D．A video about a celebrated opera contest.
（2022秋·上海南洋中学校考）A rare 765-year-old gold coin found on farm land in Devon in south-west England is expected to sell for up to half a million pounds at auction. It is believed that the coin was made more than 750 years ago, during the rule of the English King Henry III. It is one of only eight known to exist.
Featuring a picture of King Henry III on one side and a cross and roses on the other, the coin is around 2.5 centimetres across. It was made with gold that came from north Africa. It was found in September last year by a detectorist (someone who looks for items buried underground using a metal detector) in Hemyock village. The detectorist had no idea how rare the coin was until he posted a photo of it on social media, where it was spotted by a history expert.
The finder, who doesn’t want to be named, was told to take the coin to the British Museum, where it was confirmed that the coin was very rare. According to the law, the finder is allowed to keep it because it’s a single coin and not part of a bigger haul but he has decided to sell it. He told the BBC, “The coin was found in an unappealing field and could quite easily have never been recovered. Now it is protected for future generations to enjoy.”
The coin is especially valuable because it was one of England’s first gold coins. The country’s coins were made of silver until King Henry III, who ruled from 1216 until his death in 1272, introduced gold ones with his picture on them.
Professor David Carpenter at King’s College London, has traced the coin back to a man called John de Hidon, who was the lord of Hemyock Manor. Carpenter thinks the coin may have fallen out of someone’s pocket—either de Hidon himself or one of his staff.
17．The correct order of the events that happened is .
①The value of the coin was confirmed.
②A coin was unearthed in the field.
③The coin was on display at the British Museum.
④The coin was intended for sale.
⑤The coin caught the attention of a history expert.
A．①③②④ B．②⑤①④
C．②①⑤④③ D．④②①③⑤
18．Which of the following aspects is mentioned about the coin
A．Its exhibition. B．Its significance.
C．Its preservation. D．Its distribution.
19．The underlined word “haul” in the third paragraph probably means .
A．stolen or illegal things B．imported goods
C．patented cultural items D．hidden mineral resources
20．Which of the following may be the best title for the news story
A．How to Discover Hidden Treasure B．A Coin Sold for Millions
C．History Miraculously Repeats Itself D．Treasure Hunter Strikes Gold
（2022秋·上海市大同中学校考）The peony has gained extraordinary support in an online vote to be chosen as China’s national flower. The final result of the poll, initiated by the China Flower Association, will be unveiled on Friday.
The five days of voting began on Monday, and an official from the association revealed that the peony has collected more than 90 percent of the votes to date among 10 options.
“We are stepping into the new era and the country is witnessing social prosperity,” the official said. “People also have better living conditions. It is time to have an official national flower that can represent our state image and the nation’s spirit.”
According to the association, China’s national flower should meet four standards: It should originate in China and have a long history in many regions; it should be beautiful in shape and color, to represent the Chinese culture and personality; it should have a profound historical culture and be widely known to the public; and it should be extensively used in many fields with a competitive ecological and economic value that could benefit the public.
“The peony was the national flower in the Tang Dynasty (618-907). Apart from ornamental (观赏的) value, it also has been used as a food and a traditional Chinese herb, for which it has strong economic value,” Dong said. “It is widely known by Chinese people. Even my 10-year-old son and his classmates in primary school have voted for it.”
By Wednesday afternoon, nearly 600,000 people had joined in the discussion on WeChat, with about 470,000 agreeing that the national flower should be only one certain flower.
Among several colors being considered, the red peony has gained the greatest support from the public with nearly 30,000 votes on Sina Weibo, followed by white and yellow.
Many netizens said they didn’t realize that China has no national flower. In fact, many people said they had already accepted the peony as the national flower years before they saw the vote.
21．What is most probably this article
A．An introduction to a flower. B．A news report about a vote.
C．An ad for a flower. D．A public notice of a vote.
22．What part of the voting is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The procedure. B．The standard. C．The reason. D．The result.
23．What is the author’s attitude towards peony being chosen as China’s national flower
A．negative B．supportive C．unclear D．intolerant
24．What is the best title for the text
A．Peony leads national flower voting.
B．New era calls for new national flower.
C．Peony changes national flower standards.
D．Peony represents nation’s image and spirit.
（2022秋·上海复旦附中校考阶段练习）Lia Thomas, a student at the University of Pennsylvania, is an excellent swimmer. She often beats her rivals by tens of seconds, breaking records. Her success is based on three things. One is natural talent. Another is relentless training. And the third is biology. For although she identifies as a woman, Ms Thomas was born male. Since humans cannot change their sex, she remains that way.
On the eve of her biggest competition, Ms Thomas finds herself at the centre of the bad-tempered debate about whether trans-women -- males who identify as women -- should compete in women’s sports. That, in turn, is part of a broader argument: should brute biological facts sometimes override people’s deeply held feelings about their identities
This newspaper believes it is almost always unfair to allow transgender women to compete in women’s sports. The advantages of male are so big that no amount of training or talent can enable female athletes to overcome them. Florence Griffith Joyner’s 100-metre world record has stood for three decades. A male matching it would not even make it to the Olympics, let alone the final. In 2016, at an American event for high-schoolers, four of the eight boys in the 100-metre final ran faster.
Sports must therefore choose between inclusion and fairness; and they should choose fair play. That does not mean that trans-women would be barred from all sports. One way to make that clear would be to replace the “men’s” and “women’s” categories with “open” and “female” ones. The first would be open to all comers. The second would be restricted on the basis of biology.
Sport is public, and results can be measured objectively. That means the argument that the material facts of biology should sometimes outrank a person’s subjective sense of identity is easier to make. Some of these arguments will be twisted by those who wish trans-people ill. Such prejudice exists, which should be resisted, too. Most of the time, it costs little or nothing to respect people’s choices about how they wish to present themselves. In the rare cases where rights clash, society must weigh the trade-offs sensitively and with open eyes.
25．Which of the following is NOT the reason for Lia’s success
A．She is a genius in swimming.
B．She devotes herself to swimming around the clock.
C．She has undergone physical enhancement tailored to swimming.
D．Her physical features afford her advantages.
26．The underlined word “override” in paragraph 2 possibly means ________.
A．outweigh B．complicate C．dominate D．eliminate
27．The instance of Florence Griffith Joyner in Paragraph 3 is intended to demonstrate ________.
A．no amount of training or talent can enable female athletes to overcome their identities.
B．women’s records pale in comparison with those of male high-schoolers’.
C．in the case of trans-women, being inclusive shouldn’t matter more than fairness.
D．the gender physical gap which is next to impossible for females to conquer.
28．Which of the following is a proper title for the passage
A．The Legal Rights of Trans-women
B．The Balance between Respect and Fairness
C．Transgender Athletes in the Olympics
D．How to Appropriately Categorize the Olympics
（2022秋·上海市复兴高级中学校考阶段练习）Bear Grylls’s Adventure Tales
Mr. Grylls has established himself as television’s foremost survivalist. In episodes of Man vs. Wild, he has been dropped into some punishing environments (the sands of the Sahara, the frigid Siberian wilderness) with little more than a knife, a water bottle, and the instructions to make it out alive. Below are excerpts from an interview with him.
Q: When did you first grow interested in the outdoors
A: My late dad had been a climber. He started taking me out into the wild at a young age, doing everything from climbing sea cliffs hundreds of feet up to making boats and building treehouses. He taught me to take risks but to always listen to my inner voice and to work out clever solutions even when the situation has left you dramatically low on tools.
Q: Last time when you were in southern Africa, your parachute failed to open, resulting in an injury that nearly left you paralyzed. What effect did that have on you
A: Those long months in military rehabilitation (康复) were a dark time for me. I couldn’t move and was in constant pain, strapped up in braces. It was while I was lying there that I determined to re-find my childhood dream to climb Mount Qomolangma. I counted myself blessed to be able to leave that hospital fully recovered, determined to live life boldly and without regrets.
Q: Why do you find adventure travel so attractive
A: Adventure brings out the best and worst in people. We don’t always allow ourselves to get pushed to the edge, either physically or mentally. Adventure is different: The wild is unpredictable. However much we prepare, things sometimes go wrong, and it is then that the real adventure begins. My experience tells me that people are much stronger than they often give themselves credit for. It is why I say the wild can empower you.
Q: What was your most dangerous trip
A: Probably a small expedition I led across the Arctic Ocean in an open inflatable boat. We hit very unusual subzero storms off the ice packs of Greenland and gale force winds. In a tiny open boat, you are truly at the mercy of the elements, and your survival is then taken out of your hands and put into those of Mother Nature. All five of us had to face the prospect of death during those nights.
29．What qualities did Bear Grylls develop under the influence of his father
A．Being daring and efficient. B．Being resourceful and patient.
C．Being courageous and persevering. D．Being adventurous and true to himself.
30．What can we learn from the interview
A．Bear never felt regret for having taken the adventure in southern Africa.
B．Bear felt grateful for being able to recover from an injury that almost paralyzed him.
C．Bear fulfilled his childhood dream of climbing Mount Qomolangma.
D．Making adequate preparations can help to bring adventures completely under control.
31．This article was most likely originally published in the _________section of a newspaper.
A．Travel Weekly B．Man’s Style
C．Space& Cosmos D．Pop Culture
（2022秋·上海曹杨二中阶段练习）The indigenous people living in the Amazon are facing grave threats. Photographer Charlie Hamilton James spent a month with indigenous groups; overall, he has spent a year and a half in the Amazon. Interviewed by Susan Goldberg, Editor of National Geographic, he talked about the challenges and responsibilities of taking photos in this setting.
Goldberg
James
Some of the people you took pictures of in the Amazon have little contact outside of their own communities. How do you approach people in situations like this
You can go in with two mind-sets: You can go in to show how different people are, or you can go in to show how similar we are. If you go in to show how different we are, what you tend to show is romantic but primitive aspects of their culture. My interest is in photographing some fellow human beings, and I’m really interested in how similar we all are. I just want to show people living as people live, in the most honest way I can.
So you feel like you’re trying to be around people and just capture their humanity, the same way you would in New York
Absolutely. The other day I was photographing cowboys branding cows, and I approached that situation in no different way than I approach the indigenous people in the Amazon. To me it’s exactly the same. I haven’t come with any preconceptions, and I think that’s helped me. We’ve gone for hundreds of years into these remote places, and we’ve confirmed and reconfirmed these ideas of what these people should be. And most of them are wrong. If you throw away your preconceptions, and just go and hang out with the people and take pictures, I think it’s a far more honest way of conveying what people are actually like.
One of the pictures I really liked shows the villagers with their turtles bathing them in the river, and I thought that was the most charming photograph. I can’t speak for the turtles, as I hear some of them become dinner — but the people are laughing and obviously enjoy themselves. They let you into that scene.
There was no barrier at all. Everyone was just relaxed with me, we’re all having fun, so I’m just wandering around in my underpants in the river, taking these pictures. They’re all laughing at me. It was the most beautiful experience I’ve ever had. One of the reasons I like it is because everyone’s laughing. Nowadays, we tend to show the miserable side of indigenous life in the Amazon: The trees are being cut down, everything’s bad, and we show these people with sad faces. The world is threatening — but they still have fun, and I was really keen to show that.
32．What is the purpose of the photographer in taking pictures of the indigenous people in the Amazon A．To introduce his readers to the people who seem different from us.
B．To capture the truth of what’s happening in the indigenous people’s lives.
C．To show the grave threats facing the indigenous people.
D．To tell a beautiful story of an isolated and primitive people.
33．Which of the following was the photographer most unlikely to do when approaching the indigenous people
A．Sitting relaxedly among them.
B．Laughing cheerfully with them.
C．Communicating with them in their language.
D．Watching them cooking, hunting, or playing.
34．In the photographer’s eyes, what are the indigenous people actually like
A．They are friendly and simple, though having little contact with the outside world.
B．They maintain a mysterious and romantic culture.
C．They would willingly accept strangers as their family members.
D．They like to be taken pictures of in their own communities.
（2022秋·上海市杨浦高级中学校考开学考试）“The mangoes nearly killed us,” said Julie McKenzie with a smile and a celebratory sundowner drink in her hand, (pleasant) recalling the backbreaking 10-hour shifts harvesting tropical fruit in northern Australia.
For the past few weeks, the 60-year-old grandmother has been working alongside her 64-year-old husband, Ian McKenzie, picking grapes in the heat of summer in the New South Wales Hunter Valley.
The couple from the port city of Newcastle, north of Sydney, are grey nomads (游牧民；不断更换工作的人), a growing cohort (一群人) of older Australians who have swapped (交换) the comfort and familiarity of the suburbs for a life on the road following the fruit-picking trail.
The exact numbers of grey nomads crisscrossing Australia (贯穿澳大利亚) are unknown, but academics have estimated there are tens of thousands constantly on the move, and around a quarter of those have sold their homes. For some, trips away can last for a few months, while others travel indefinitely. Unlike itinerant snowbirds (流动的候鸟族) in North America, who travel south in recreational vehicles to escape the winter, Australia’s wandering retirees do it year-round.
“It is quite a phenomenon,” said Tim Harcourt, an economist at the University of New South Wales Business School. “Retired people don’t want to stop working. They want to combine a bit of fruit picking, a bit of leisure and a bit of traveling in their retirement. There is actually a shortage of people needed for fruit picking, so having these experienced workers is a really good thing,” he said.
In other corners of the world, including Spain and Sweden, the fruit picking industry is beset (v.困扰/ adj.充满的) by poor conditions and meager (少的；不足的) wages, and often involves unskilled migrants or illegal immigrants.
Retirees join the fruit picking trail for different reasons. Some do it for a change of lifestyle; some do it to escape boredom. For the McKenzies, a health scare followed by brain surgery prompted (促使) 64-year-old Ian McKenzie to walk away from the pressures of his old life working in logistics in search of something more peaceful. “After about four months (on the road) all the stress seemed to drop away…and we realized that we were free and we could do what we wanted to,” he explained. “We’ll do anything and have done anything.”
35．How do the McKenzies feel about their life now
A．Tough and unbearable. B．Happy and hasty.
C．Adventurous and relaxed. D．Tough but pleasant.
36．What is the major difference between grey nomads in Australia and snowbirds in North America
A．Snowbirds travel in recreational vehicles but grey nomads travel in vans.
B．Grey nomads sold their houses but the snowbirds keep their property.
C．Snowbirds travel in winters but grey nomads are always on the move.
D．Grey nomads work a lot while snowbirds travel for recreational purpose.
37．Compared with younger labor, grey nomads have advantages in ______.
A．providing experienced service
B．enjoying their work without complaining
C．doing everything legally
D．staying on the farm for a very long time
38．Which of the following is NOT a reason for the retirees to choose a life of nomads
A．To change their lifestyle. B．To avoid boredom.
C．To maintain their health. D．To make a fortune.
（2022秋·上海交大附中校考开学考试）China's digital economy is expected to provide a strong boost to global economic recovery, but more efforts should be made to bridge the digital divide and promote data flow, said industry experts and top company officials on Friday.
“China’s digital economy, which is indeed in the fast lane, has become a new growth driver of the country’s economic growth amid the COVID-19 pandemic. It has and will play an important role in driving economic recovery globally,” said Gong Ke, president of the World Federation of Engineering Organizations and executive director of the Chinese Institute for the New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development strategies.
“While data is an important factor of digital economy, more effort should be made to bridge the digital divide to benefit more user groups. To be specific, we need to improve infrastructure (基础设施) construction and the sharing of computing power from leading companies to smaller ones,” Gong said.
He made the remarks at a sub-forum of the fourth Hongqiao International Economic Forum during the ongoing China International Import Expo in Shanghai.
Liu Jun, president of Bank of Communications, said that a winner-takes-all phenomenon is happening during the development of the platform-based economy because the country’s digital economy has developed at an unparalleled speed with insufficient supervision over the past decade.
“Therefore, it is necessary to break down the existing information barriers to promote the free flow of data. The value of data cannot be maximized if a certain company uses it exclusively. Data from various departments, fields and industries must be fully combined and correlated,” Liu said.
China’s digital economy reached $5.4 trillion last year in terms of market size, which grew 9.6 percent year-on-year, the fastest worldwide, said the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology a government think tank.
Such rapid development of the digital economy has attracted companies from abroad to participate. They are also expected to explore more new opportunities in the Chinese market.
To embrace the trend, Omron Healthcare said it will leverage its technological competence to develop more digital innovations for the Chinese market.
The Japanese industrial automation giant displayed a series of digitalized products, including smart healthcare management terminals and glucose (葡萄糖) meters at the ongoing expo.
“The rapid growth of Chinas trade, including digital trade, has produced a strong spillover effect for the world and it will enable China’s economy to maintain a long-term positive trend and thus make a contribution to global economic growth, said Zhao Yao, general manager of Omron Healthcare China.
The CAICT report also pointed out that China and the United States are leading global development of the digital economy. The two economies also ranked first and second in terms of the market size of digital economy last year.
39．According to what Gong Ke said we may learn that ________.
A．China’s digital economy takes full advantage of the COVID-19 pandemic.
B．Global economic recovery will benefit from China’s digital economy the most.
C．Despite covid-19 China 's digital economy pushes global economic growth ahead.
D．Improving infrastructure construction will benefit Chinese people more from the growth.
40．What can be done to break down the barriers on the way to a further development in digital economy
A．All tech companies should be put under stricter supervision.
B．It is necessary to stop the free flow of data, which is the existing information barrier.
C．To maximize the value of data tends to be applied exclusively.
D．Sharing and free flow of data should be guaranteed through efficient supervision.
41．What does the underlined word “leverage” mean
A．discover B．employ C．improve D．study
42．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．China’s digital economy is now enhancing the world’s economic growth.
B．Nothing can block China’s digital economy development but over strict supervision.
C．Breaking information barriers with supervision can further China’s digital economy healthily.
D．China’s fast development in digital economy attracts more international investments.
（2022秋·上海松江二中校考）For 38-year-old Justin Herald, the journey to wealth began one Sunday morning at a church in Sydney's northwest, when he was involved in a quarrel with a member of the church choir. "You have an attitude problem," she told him.
The accusation sparked something in him, and he borrowed $50 from his brother to have four T-shirts printed with the slogan: "I don't have an attitude problem; you have a perception problem."
"It was the best $50 I ever spent," laughs Herald. By the end of the morning, he had sold three of the four T-shirts. With the money he made, he had another six printed, then 12, then 24. "That first year the earning were $98,000," he says.
His business, Attitude Inc., is now a multi-million-dollar company with a wide range of products selling in 3,500 stores across Australia. His business was due to not just clever marketing - the public loved the slogan - but also he has to admit that in those days there was very little competition in his sector of the clothing industry, and he was in the right place at the right time.
The media spotlight also helped, with people paying attention to Herald's likeable personality and infections passion for his business: the night of one TV appearance, 187 stores rang to get his products into their stores.
Herald sold the business three years ago, by which time it was turning over $30 million a year, and now spends his time as a motivational speaker. His message: anyone can be financially successful if they set their mind to it. "You have to have a lot of stickability, because not everything is going to work the way you plan it."
Still living in Castle Hill with his wife and two children, Herald believes too many successful people become caught up in the trappings of wealth. "I have lived here since I left school at 16," he says. "In this area, you don't forget where you came from."
43．Why does Herald think it was the best $50 he ever spent
A．Because that sum of money covered the cost of four T-shirt
B．Because that sum of money showed his accusation was wrong.
C．Because he received that sum of money when he was in need.
D．Because he gained more than expected from that sum of money.
44．According to Herald, the success of his business resulted from _________.
A．good timing and cooperation B．business sense and luck
C．fierce competition and passion D．family background and motivation
45．The underlined word "stickability" （paragraph 6） is closest in meaning to _________.
A．competence B．conscience C．persistence D．fortune
46．The best title for the passage might be _________
A．Attitude Pays Off B．No Bravery, No Gains
C．Start a Business D．Never Too Old to Challenge Yourself
（2022秋·上海交嘉定一中校考开学考试）Shortages of flu vaccine are nothing new in America, but this year’s is a whopper. Until last week, it appeared that 100 million Americans would have access to flu shots this fall. Then British authorities, concerned about quality-control problems at a production plant in Liverpool, bailed all further shipments by the Chiron Corp. Overnight, the U.S. vaccine supply dwindled by nearly half and federal health officials found themselves making an unusual appeal. Instead of pleading with us all to get vaccinated, they’re now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and 64 not to. “This re-emphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply,” says Dr. Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information, “and the lack of redundancy in our system.”
Why is such a basic health service so easily knocked out Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it. To create a single dose of flu vaccine, a manufacture has to grow live virus in a 2-week-old fertilized chicken egg, then crack the egg, harvest the virus and extract the proteins used to provoke an immune response. Profit margins are narrow, demand is changeable and, because each year’s flu virus is different, any leftover vaccine goes to waste. As a result the United States now has only two major suppliers (Chiron and Aventis Pasteur) and when one of them runs into trouble, there isn’t much the other can do about it. “A vaccine maker can’t just call up and order 40 million more fertilized eggs,” says Manon Cox, of Connecticut-based Protein Sciences Corp. “There’s a whole industry that’s scheduled to produce a certain number of eggs at a certain time.”
Sleeker technologies are now in the works, and experts are hoping that this year’s complete failure will speed the pace of innovation. The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures—a medium already used to make most other vaccines. Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way, but several biotech companies are now pursuing this strategy, and one culture-based product (Solvay Pharmaceuticals’ Invivac) has been cleared for marketing in Europe.
For America, the immediate challenge is to make the most of a limited supply. The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week. That’s nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand, but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year. In fact, many experts are hoping the shortage will serve as an awareness campaign — encouraging the people who really need a flu shot to get one.
47．Shortage of flu vaccine show that ________.
A．America relies too much on foreign suppliers
B．the demand of flu vaccines is high this year
C．quality problem is a serious problem in flu vaccine production
D．the supply of flu vaccines is rather weak and America has no back-up measures to make it up
48．Private companies have little interest in producing flu vaccines because of ________.
A．complicated process, high cost, low profit and high risk
B．shortages of fertilized chicken eggs
C．difficulty in growing live virus
D．fast changing of flu virus
49．From the last paragraph we can infer that ________.
A．the government hopes to solve the problem by way of volunteer restrictions
B．more than 47 million Americans who are qualified to get flu vaccine shots cannot get hem this year
C．America has to deal with a limited supply of flu vaccines this year
D．normally only a small percentage of American population gets flu vaccine shots each year
50．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A．All Americans are persuaded not to get vaccinated this year.
B．The big problem in innovating flu vaccine producing technique is how to grow virus in a new way.
C．More flu vaccines cannot be produced in a short time because private companies refuse to produce more.
D．Flu vaccines are easier than most vaccines to produce through cell cultures.
（2022秋·上海交大附中校考开学考试）Animal-rights activists often complain that cute beasts get more sympathy than equally deserving ugly ones. If so, one would think a lovely creature like the mink (貂)would be easy to protect. Yet in the Netherlands, mink is the only animal that can still legally be farmed for their fur. That is about to change. On August 28th the government brought forward to this year a ban on mink-farming that had been scheduled to take effect in 2024. The timetable was sped up not because mink had become more adorable, but because they can contract covid-19 and spread it to humans.
Dutch farmers normally raised about 2.5 million minks a year, making the Netherlands the world's fourth-largest producer after Denmark, China and Poland. In April, a couple of minks and the farm hands who tended them were diagnosed with covid- 19. Genetic tracing showed that at least two workers had probably been infected by mink, rather than the other way around. The affected animals were destroyed and stricter hygiene rules imposed, but by summer the virus had spread to a third of the country's farms. In June, parliament voted to shut down the industry as soon as possible, and the cabinet agreed.
That was a win for the Netherlands Party for the Animals, which has four seats in the 150-memeber parliament. In 2013, it helped pass the law that gave mink farmers until 2024 to get out of the business.
Now the party and its supporters object to the generous compensation （补偿）the government has offered for bringing forward the deadline: $150 million, or $1 million per farmer. Some members of parliament claim that the compensation paid for destroying the infected minks was higher than the market price for their fur.
Fur farmers any modern standards allow minks to be raised humanely, and that they are not a big reason for the spread of the virus. But minks tend to live by themselves instead of living in groups: animal-rights advocates say they cannot be raised humanely in small cages. As for covid-I9, the worry is that mink could serve as a medium for it to attack human immunization （免疫）programs. The industry's value is modest （framers put it at $150 million 0 $200 million, activists at under $100 million）, and polls show the public overwhelmingly opposes it. "In a democratic country, that widespread belief has to translate into a political decision to ban fur farming," says Esther Ouwehand, leader of the Party for the Animals. The farmers accept they are shutting down. The remaining argument is over money.
51．According to the passage, why did animal - activists have an unexpected win for protecting minks
A．Because mink's cute appearance won people's heart.
B．Because the minks could act as a host for an infectious disease.
C．Because the government carried out an act earlier than planned.
D．Because the farmers stopped raising minks, considering the great reward.
52．What does the writer mean by saying “the other way around" in paragraph 2
A．The farm-raised minks were born with the virus.
B．The fanners were infected with covid-I9 by minks.
C．The minks contracted covid- 19 from their caregiver.
D．The affected minks had contact with the virus in nature.
53．Esther Ouwehand and his party members supported the following statements EXCEPT ________.
A．Minks can be easily bred by humans without bringing any harm to them.
B．It is acceptable to shut down mink fur industry because it isn't profitable.
C．Objection to fur industry is a main reason behind this governmental decision.
D．The amount of money to make up for the loss of the mink farmers was too high.
54．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A．Cuteness Wins
B．An Unexpected Win
C．Winter for Minks
D．Farmers v.s. Activists
参考答案：
1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了苹果公司的电子产品销量下降的现象及原因。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“At the time, Cook cited a slowdown in China’s economy as well as President Trump’s trade war for weakening i-Phone demand.(当时，库克引用了中国经济放缓以及特朗普总统的贸易战削弱了 i-Phone 需求)”和第四段中“Cook conceded that many Apple users are ‘holding on to their older i-Phones a bit longer than in the past,’ which contributed to lower i-Phone demand. But he also pointed to shifts in foreign exchange values that made Apple products more expensive in certain markets.(库克承认，许多苹果用户‘使用老款i-Phone的时间比过去长了一点’，这导致了对i-Phone的需求下降。但他也指出，汇率的变化导致苹果产品在某些市场上更加昂贵)”可知，国内外经济环境不好，许多苹果用户使用旧款 i-Phone的时间更长以及外汇价值发生变化是导致i-Phone需求量下降的三个因素。D项“其移动操作系统中的一个主要错误”不是其销售量下降的原因。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据划线句下文“One effort Apple is undertaking in response, Cook added, is to encourage customers to trade in their old devices and receive credit toward purchasing new phones.(库克补充说，作为回应，苹果正在采取的一项措施是鼓励消费者以旧换新，并获得购买新手机的信用额度)”可知，画线句子“not in our DNA to stand around waiting for macroeconomic conditions to improve(在我们的DNA中没有等待宏观经济状况改善的迹象)”实际是指虽然中国经济持续放缓，但苹果不会坐以待毙，而是采取行动以扭转颓势。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But the company did say that the total number of i-Phones active worldwide now stands at 900 million — a positive sign of Apple as it seeks to convert many of its customers into users of its services such as Apple Pay and Apple Music.(但苹果公司确实表示，目前全球活跃的i-Phone手机总数达到9亿部，这是一个积极的信号，苹果正在努力将许多客户转化为Apple Pay和Apple Music等服务的用户)”可知，苹果公司希望其服务能吸引更多顾客。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据第五段中“But higher selling prices — with some high-end models costing over $1,000 — have been able to compensate for fewer new phones sold.(但较高的售价——一些高端机型的售价超过1000美元——弥补了新手机销量的减少)”及第六段中“Sales increased in other categories such as services, wear-ables and tablets.(服务、可穿戴设备和平板电脑等其他类别的销售有所增长)”可知，尽管眼下困难重重，但蒂姆 库克对苹果未来的收入充满信心。故选C项。
5．A 6．B 7．C 8．B
【导语】本文为新闻报道。文章介绍了英国金融法规实施了一条不寻常的规定，让银行家为不良风险负责并修复公众对金融机构的信任。所有的公司都要做出“长期”投资，为子孙后代建设更强的经济。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks.(英国的金融法规对大银行的老板实施了一项相当不寻常的规定。)”以及第三句“The main purpose of this ‘clawback’ rule is to hold bankers responsible for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution.(这项‘clawback’规则的主要目的是让银行家为有害的风险承担责任，并修复公众对金融机构的信任。)”可知，实施新规则的原因是要强化银行家的责任感。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Transient (短期的) investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hold back a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. (短期的投资者对公司的季度利润要求很高，他们可能会阻碍公司投资于长期研究或建立客户忠诚度的努力。)”以及第四段“In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities(股票), quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markets. ‘There seems to be an advantage of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,’ said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.(此外，新的数字技术使得股票交易更加迅速，信息使用更加迅速，从而缩短了金融市场的注意力。‘只注重短期效益的思维方式似乎有优势是以牺牲长期投资为代价，’美国证券交易委员会委员Daniel Gallagher在本周的演讲中说。)”可知“Short-termism”对于公司的长期发展是不利的，故选B。
7．推理判断题。第五段“In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to delay performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce ‘short-termism.’ In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that ‘a substantial part’ of executive pay is now tied to performance.(在美国，2002年的Sarbanes-Oxley法案已迫使多数上市公司将高管的业绩奖金推迟一年左右，这在一定程度上有助于减少‘短期主义’。《华尔街日报》对CEO薪酬的最新调查发现，高管薪酬的‘很大一部分’现在与业绩挂钩。)”以及第六段第二句“In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.(在法国，持有公司投资至少两年的股东有时可以在公司中获得更多的投票权。)”列举了美国为减少‘短期主义’投资和法国为了促进‘长期主义’投资而采取的方法。再结合第六段首句“Much more could be done to encourage ‘long-termism’, such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure(披露)of stock acquisitions. (促进“长期主义”投资还有很多方法,比如修改税法和加快股票收购的披露。)可推断出第五、六段是以美法为例来说明促进“长期主义”投资的方法。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句和最后一句“Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. ...Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making not only by banks but also by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations. (英国的金融法规对大银行的老板实施了一项相当不寻常的规定。……然而，官员们也希望获得更大的好处：不仅是银行，而且所有企业都能做出更长期的决策，为子孙后代建设更强大的经济。)” 可知英国颁布的新规定是为了促进金融投资的“长期主义的规划”。文章尾段“Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term. (英国的新规定提醒银行家们，社会对他们的表现感兴趣，不仅是短期的，而且是长期的。)”再次呼应首段：英国新政府提醒银行家们注重“长期主义”投资，长期的投资需要耐心（patience）。由此可知B选项“Patience as a Corporate Virtue(耐心是公司的美德)”可以概括全文，为最佳标题。故选B。
9．B 10．C 11．A 12．C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章解释了在公司业务放缓，大幅载员的情况下，为什么企业的高管还会涨薪的原因。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Business has slowed, layoffs mount, but executive pay continues to roar—at least so far.(业务放缓，裁员增加，但至少到目前为止，高管薪酬仍在持续上涨)”以及第二段中“Corporate boards tend to consider that “all CEOs are above average”—a play on Garrison Keillor’s famous line in his public radio show, A Prairie Home Companion, that all the town’s children are “above average”. (公司董事会倾向于认为“所有首席执行官薪酬都高于平均水平”，这是加里森·凯勒在其公共广播节目《草原家庭伴侣》中的一句名言，该镇所有的孩子都“高于平均水平)”可知，虽然业务放缓，大幅裁员的情况下，企业高管的薪资水平也高于平均水平。由此可推知，“沃贝贡湖效应”暗示我们，如果业务放缓时，高管的薪金不会降低，就意味着会有更多的裁员。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Since directors are reluctant to regard their CEOs as below average, the compensation committees of boards tend to set pay at an above-average level. (由于董事们不愿意认为首席执行官的能力低于平均水平，董事会薪酬委员会倾向于将其薪酬定在高于平均水平)”可知，董事们始终觉得首席执行官的能力要高于其他人的，所以他们坚持首席执行官的薪资水平要高于其他人。由此可推知，董事对首席执行官的整体能力有一个持久的、积极的想法。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段中“To Mr. Klinger, these findings suggest that the theory that one person, the CEO, is responsible for creating most of a corporation’s value is dead wrong. “It takes many employees to make a corporation profitable.”(对克林格先生来说，这些发现表明，一个人，即CEO，负责创造公司大部分价值的理论是完全错误的。“让一家公司盈利需要很多员工。”)”可知， Scott Kling认为仅靠首席执行官并不能使公司繁荣，A项正确。故选A。
12．词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句话“So companies with high-paid CEOs generate great wealth for their shareholders.(因此，拥有高薪CEO的公司为股东创造了巨大的财富)”以及划线所在的句子“But the supposed cream-of-the-crop executives did surprisingly poorly for their shareholders in 1999(1999年，那些被认为cream-of-the-crop高管们对股东的表现出奇地差)”可知，那些被认为能为公司带来巨大财富的精英高管们却在1999年时表现的非常差。所以cream-of-the-crop意为“有才能的”。故选C。
13．D 14．B 15．A 16．B
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一名歌剧歌手的相关信息。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Mongolian baritone (男中音) Ariunbaatar Ganbaatar, towering, broad-shouldered, with a huge smile and a mighty voice, the 29-year-old sang Rossini,Verdi and Tchaikovsky and charmed everyone, including the judges, who declared him joint winner of the Song prize. “There was something so imposing about the sound,” King said. “Contained and glorious. It’s very unusual to find this combination of presence, power and effortlessness.””(29岁的蒙古男中音阿伦巴托·干巴塔身材高大，肩膀宽阔，他带着灿烂的笑容和洪亮的嗓音，演唱了罗西尼、威尔第和柴可夫斯基的歌曲，迷倒了包括评委在内的所有人，评委宣布他是歌曲奖的共同获得者。“这种声音有一种令人难忘的感觉。” 金说，“包容和荣耀。这种存在感、力量和不费吹灰之力的结合是非常不寻常的。”)可知，阿伦巴托·干巴塔获得歌曲奖的主要原因是他让人印象深刻的嗓音。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段“Long story short: he joined Ulaanbaatar’s police orchestra, worked his way back to university, then onwards to the grand opera houses of Russia and Europe.”(长话短说：他加入了乌兰巴托警察管弦乐队，一路回到大学，然后前往俄罗斯和欧洲的大歌剧院。)可知，阿伦巴托·干巴塔在成名之前的重要转折点是他加入了乌兰巴托的警察管弦乐队。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“International wins have made Ariunbaatar famous at home. Politicians hope his career will secure Mongolia’s position on the opera map-portraying it as a modern nation. He says he has no intention to leave Mongolia. His family still travel on the plain, still ride on horseback, still packup their tents to follow new grasslands. “Being with them on the land is what gives me inspiration to sing.” he says. “Wherever I am, that is what I imagine when I sing.””(国际比赛的胜利使阿伦巴托在国内声名鹊起。政治家们希望他的职业生涯将确保蒙古在歌剧地图上的地位——把蒙古描绘成一个现代国家。他说他无意离开蒙古。他的家人仍然在草原上生活，仍然骑在马背上，仍然收拾帐篷追随新的草原。“和他们一起在这片土地上给了我唱歌的灵感”他说。“不管我在哪里，我唱歌的时候都是这样想的”)可知，阿伦巴托·干巴塔不在意名声，虽然他已经在国内声名鹊起，但是还是不愿意离开家乡。故选A。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Mongolian baritone (男中音) Ariunbaatar Ganbaatar, towering, broad-shouldered, with a huge smile and a mighty voice, the 29-year-old sang Rossini,Verdi and Tchaikovsky and charmed everyone, including the judges, who declared him joint winner of the Song prize.”(29岁的蒙古男中音阿伦巴托·干巴塔身材高大，肩膀宽阔，他带着灿烂的笑容和洪亮的嗓音，演唱了罗西尼、威尔第和柴可夫斯基的歌曲，迷倒了包括评委在内的所有人，评委宣布他是歌曲奖的共同获得者。)根据第二段“Ariunbaatar doesn’t have a typical background for a contestant in one of the world’s most celebrated opera contests. ”（对于世界上最著名的歌剧比赛之一的参赛者来说，阿伦巴托没有典型的背景）可知，这篇文章主要是对29岁的蒙古歌剧歌手阿伦巴托·干巴塔进行的介绍。故选B。
17．B 18．B 19．A 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了在英格兰西南部德文郡的农田里发现的一枚有765年历史的罕见金币，预计将在拍卖会上以50万英镑的价格售出。该金币是英国最早的金币之一，极具价值。因为这个金币不是偷来的或者违法的东西，发现者可以拥有他。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A rare 765-year-old gold coin found on farm land in Devon in south-west England is expected to sell for up to half a million pounds at auction. (在英格兰西南部德文郡的农田里发现的一枚有765年历史的罕见金币，预计将在拍卖会上以50万英镑的价格售出。)”；第二段中“The detectorist had no idea how rare the coin was until he posted a photo of it on social media, where it was spotted by a history expert.(这位侦探不知道这枚硬币有多罕见，直到他在社交媒体上发布了一张它的照片，被一位历史专家发现。)”以及倒数第二段中“The coin is especially valuable because it was one of England’s first gold coins. (这枚硬币特别珍贵，因为它是英国最早的金币之一。)”可知，正确顺序为该金币被发现，侦探将该硬币的图片放到网上，受到历史学家的关注，历史学家确认了该枚硬币的价值，它是英国最早的金币之一，该没金币当前将在拍卖会上以50万英镑的价格售出。。故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The coin is especially valuable because it was one of England’s first gold coins. The country’s coins were made of silver until King Henry III, who ruled from 1216 until his death in 1272, introduced gold ones with his picture on them.(这枚硬币特别珍贵，因为它是英国最早的金币之一。在亨利三世(1216年在位，1272年去世)推出印有自己头像的金制硬币之前，该国的硬币一直是银制的。)”可知，文章强调了该金币的重要性。故选B。
19．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“ According to the law, the finder is allowed to keep it(根据法律，发现者可以保留它。)”以及后文的because可知，此处解释了发现者可以个人保留该金币的原因，由此推断，因为这个金币不是偷来的或者违法的东西，由此才可以被发现者保留。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要讲述了在英格兰西南部德文郡的农田里发现的一枚有765年历史的罕见金币，预计将在拍卖会上以50万英镑的价格售出。该金币是英国最早的金币之一，极具价值。因为这个金币不是偷来的或者违法的东西，发现者可以拥有他。故D选项“Treasure Hunter Strikes Gold(寻宝猎人获得金币)”能概括文章主题。故选D。
21．B 22．B 23．C 24．A
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了在中国国花选举投票中，牡丹获得了巨大的支持这一现象。
21．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了牡丹在选举中国国花的投票中获得了异乎寻常的支持，文章对投票的相关细节和牡丹本身作了相关介绍，同时报道了与投票相关的讨论和最新信息，并注明了投票结果最终公布的时间，故本文就是一篇关于选国花的投票的新闻报道；故选B项。
22．主旨大意题。文章第四段“According to the association, China’s national flower should meet four standards: It should originate in China and have a long history in many regions; it should be beautiful in shape and color, to represent the Chinese culture and personality; it should have a profound historical culture and be widely known to the public; and it should be extensively used in many fields with a competitive ecological and economic value that could benefit the public. (根据该协会的说法，中国的国花应该符合四个标准：它应该起源于中国，在许多地区有悠久的历史；它应该有美丽的形状和颜色，代表中国文化和个性；它应该有深厚的历史文化，为公众所熟知；它应该广泛应用于许多具有竞争性的生态和经济价值的领域，可以造福公众。) ”可知这段是在说选国花的标准；故文章第四段在讲述投票的选择标准部分；故选B项。
23．推理判断题。通读文章可知，文章主要讲述了牡丹在选举中国国花的投票中获得了异乎寻常的支持这一现象，并以数据和引用别人的话来说明实际情况，并未带有个人感彩去支持或者反对这个投票情况，也没有其他偏执的态度，故我们不清楚作者对于牡丹被选为国花这一事件的态度；故选C项。
24．标题判断题。通读文章可知，文章主要讲述了牡丹在选举中国国花的投票中获得了异乎寻常的支持这一现象，并以数据和引用别人的话来说明了牡丹选票领先于其他花卉这样的实际情况，综上所述，本文就是围绕牡丹领导全国花卉投票这一现象进行阐述的，故选项A适合作为本文标题；故选A项。
25．C 26．A 27．D 28．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了宾夕法尼亚一位变性女性引发的辩论，跨性别女性是否应该参加女子体育比赛？报道认为允许变性女性参加女子体育比赛总是不公平的，因为男性青春期带来的好处太大，所以应该使用公平的方式让变性女人参赛。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Her success is based on three things. One is natural talent. Another is relentless training. And the third is biology.(她的成功基于三件事。一个是天赋。另一个是不间断的训练。第三个是生物学。)”可知，文中并未提到她接受了为游泳量身定做的身体锻炼。故选C。
26．词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“Sport is public, and results can be measured objectively. That means the argument that the material facts of biology should sometimes outrank a person’s subjective sense of identity is easier to make.(体育是公开的，结果可以客观地衡量。这意味着，生物学的物质事实有时应该高于一个人的主观身份感的论点更容易成立。)”可知，划线词所在的句子表示“残酷的生物学事实有时应该比人们对自己身份的深刻感受重要吗”，划线词override的意思是“高于，比……重要”，和outweigh意思相近，故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段的“This newspaper believes it is almost always unfair to allow transgender women to compete in women’s sports. The advantages of male are so big that no amount of training or talent can enable female athletes to overcome them.(这份报纸认为，允许变性女性参加女子运动几乎总是不公平的。男性的优势是如此之大，再多的训练和天赋也无法使女性运动员克服这些优势。)”和“Florence Griffith Joyner’s 100-metre world record has stood for three decades. A male matching it would not even make it to the Olympics, let alone the final.(弗洛伦斯·格里菲斯·乔伊纳的100米世界纪录保持了30年。一个男性选手连奥运会都进不去，更不用说决赛了。)”可知，Florence Griffith Joyn