(共35张PPT)
人教新目标版 八年级下册
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
Section A Grammar Focus-4c
Learning objectives
Knowledge objectives:
1. 熟练掌握以下词汇和短语
raise; midnight; alone; be busy with; raise money for homeless peolple; for fun.
2. 熟练掌握以下句型
1. We decided to put up signs around the school and hand out notices to tell students about the book sale.
2. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way to spend our free time.
3. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.
Skill objectives:
1. 复习巩固本节课重要句型，并能描述志愿者的活动。
2. 能掌握本课时出现的语法结构, 正确运用动词不定式的用法和功能，培养总结归纳的能力。
3. 通过4a和4b练习，进一步巩固知识。
Emotional objectives:
培养学生为他人着想，热爱公益事业，乐于助人的优良品质。
Thinking quality objectives:
通过语法结构的学习,思考如何运用语法结构帮助我们提高英语的听、说、读、写的能力。
Lead in
Do you often help others
What we can do to help others in our dialy life
Free talk！
We can also be a volunteer to help others.
If we are volunteers,
we’d like to
we hope to
we could
we volunteer to
we want to
we plan to
visit the sick kids in the hospital and cheer them up.
help to clean up the street.
help children with their homework.
help the old people cross road.
give our old books to “Hope School”.
help the traffic police.
Listen and read the passage in 3a to find out the the infinitives(不定式).
动词不定式
(infinitive)
“to+动词原形”
infinitive[ n f n t v]
n. (动词的)不定式
Review it again.
动词不定式
(infinitive)
want to be
help sb. to do
want to do
how to do
decide to do
learn to do
love to do
to do 表目的
Grammar Focus
Translate these sentences and let’s read.
Grammar focus
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
我想帮助无家可归的人。
她决定参加一个志愿课外阅读项目
你可以请求医院让你去看望孩子，让他们振作起来。
她每周在那里做一次志愿者来帮助孩子们学习阅读。
Mario相信这可以帮助他获得未来的理想工作。
我在学校周围做一些标志去贴上。
Grammar Focus
Grammar focus
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
Read the following sentences and underline the infinitive structures.
I’d like to do
ask sb. to do
volunteer…to do
learn to do
decide to do
help sb. to do
make…to do
let sb. do
help sb. do
动词不定式
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。
基本形式：_____________，这里的to没有词义, 只是为了构成不定式的_________, 有时to可以省略；
否定形式：__________________。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此动词不定式除了____________以外，其他成分都可以作，因此，在句中可以作_____、_____、_____、_____、_______和_____。
to＋动词原形
not to＋动词原形
不能作谓语
主语
表语
宾语
定语
状语
补足语
一种符号
She told me not to watch TV.
动词不定式作主语:
这种情况一般要改成____作形式主语的形式，后接不定式，_________________。
it
为了避免头重脚轻
To learn English is very important for me.
____ is very important for me ______________.
It
to learn Englis
如：交朋友是对你来说个好办法。
_____________________ is a good plan for you .
To make more friends
___ is a good plan for you ___________________.
It
to make more friends
We can use it to replace the subject(主语).
主语
系
表语
动词不定式作宾语:
He decided to help the homeless.
主语
谓语
宾语
动词不定式作宾语很多,这些动词通常用来_____________________________。
表明意图、强调态度、展示能力
如：有些学生讨厌学习英语。
Some students hate _________ English.
She expects _________ tomorrow.
她期待明天到达。
to study
to arrive
Can you think of more similar phrases
want to do
hope to do
continue to do
try to do
ask to do
begin to do
learn to do
decide to do
agree to do
choose to do
plan to do
would like to do
stop to do
decide to do
seem to do
I think it necessary to have breakfast.
动词不定式作形式宾语:
主语
谓语
形式宾语
真正宾语
如：我认为对我们来说好好休息是有必要的
I think _____ necessary for us _________________.
在feel, find, make, think等动词后如果是不定式作宾语时，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，常用___作形式宾语，把不定式放到________________。
it
宾语补足语之后
那些孩子发现学英语很有趣。
Those kids find _____ interesting _______ English.
我觉得帮助父母做家务是我们的义务。
I feel _____ our duty ________ our parents ________________.
to learn
it
to have a good rest
it
to help
do the housework
it
动词不定式作宾语补足语:
I strongly advise everyone to learn from Mary!
主语
谓语
宾语
宾补
如：我叫他不要放弃。
妈妈想要我打扫房间。
医生建议我多吃蔬菜。
I told _________________.
Mom wants _____________________.
The doctor _______________ more vegetables.
him not to give up
me to clean the room
advised me to eat
Can you think of more similar phrases
help sb. to do
invite sb. to do
teach sb. to do
encourage sb. to do
allow sb. to do
ask sb. to do
expect sb. to do
invite sb. to do
invite sb. not to do
否定形式在to前加not
动词不定式作表语
Mary’s dream is to send them as many books as possible.
主语
系
表语
如：他的愿望是当一名老师.
我的梦想是当一名科学家.
我的职责是照顾动物。
His wish is _____________.
My dream is ______________.
to be a teacher
to be a scientist
My duty is ______________________.
to look after the animals
动词不定式作状语:
原因状语
I am happy to help them andI am proud to do that.
主语
系
表语
原因状语
原因状语
be happy to do
be proud to do
如：很遗憾地告诉你我不能去医院看望生病的孩子了。
I’m sorry ______ you that I can’t go to the hospital to visit the sick kids.
to tell
在这里见到你真使我高兴。
I’m glad ________ you here.
他听到坏消息很伤心。
He is sad ________ the bad news.
to meet
to hear
目的状语
The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.
主语
谓语
宾语
目的状语
We need to come up with a plan _____ people about the city park clean-up.
如：我们需要想出一个计划，告诉人们城市公园的清理情况。
to tell
The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program ____________.
这个女孩可以自愿参加课后学习项目，教孩子们。
to teach kids
You could give out food at the food bank _______ feed them.
你可以在食物银行分发食物来帮助他们。
to help
动词不定式作定语:
I have lots of things to do every day.
主语
谓语
宾语
定语
如：我有许多信要写。
I have many letters__________.
我没有时间去那里。
I don’t have time ___________.
to write
to go there
我们需要一个帮忙做这项工作的人。
We need someone ________with the work.
to help
Please circle the phrasal verbs.
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
短语动词
短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组或习语（idioms），其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。
动词+副词
该类短语动词有时相当于及物动词，有时相当于不及物动词。当用作及物动词且其后的宾语是名词时，宾语可放在副词前，也可放在副词后；若宾语是代词，则只能放在动词和副词之间。
eg：He turned off the light when he left. 当他离开时，他把灯关了。
He picked it up and gave it to me. 他把它捡起来并递给了我。
They gave the names of the winners out. 他们说出了获胜者的名字。
cheer up 振奋起来 clean up 打扫干净 give up 放弃 put off 推迟
take away 拿走 fix up 修理 turn down 调低；拒绝
此类短语有很多，需要积累：
动词+介词
此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词和介词之间。
eg：Listen to me carefully. 仔细听我讲。
He doesn't agree with me. 他不同意我。
She is looking at the picture. 她正在看照片。
Zhu Tao always laughs at his brother. 朱涛总是嘲笑他的兄弟。
look after 照顾 look at看 care for 非常喜欢；照顾
think about 考虑 agree with 同意 wait for 等待
此类短语有很多，需要积累：
动词+副词+介词
此类短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有自己的宾语。宾语只能放在介词之后。
eg：He gets along well with his classmates. 他与他的同学相处得很好。
We ran out of oil. 我们的油用完了
She came up with a new idea . 她想出了一个新办法。
catch up with 赶上 come up with 想出
look forward to 期望 run out of 用完，耗尽
此类短语有很多，需要积累：
动词+名词+介词
这类短语动词只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度；宾语总是位于介词之后。
eg：It’s impolite to make fun of your classmate. 取笑你的同学是不礼貌的。
We could make better use of our resources.
我们可以更好地利用我们的资源。
make fun of 取笑 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意
take care of 照顾 make friends with 与……交往
此类短语有很多，需要积累：
4a
Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.
1. I want to ______ my plan to work in an animal hospital
until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year.
2. She hopes to _______ at least five primary schools to ask
if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.
be busy with... 忙于，后接名词或代词
put off
call up
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
3. Our class is trying to ____________ some ideas to ________
sick children because they are often sad.
4. We decided to ______ signs around the school and ________
notices to tell students about the book sale. We will _______
the money from the sale to homeless people.
come up with
cheer up
put up
hand out
give out
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
4b
Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _______ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what _____ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do ______ others. There are many people who are less lucky than us.
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
help move do make visit spend
to make
to do
to help
be worried about 担心……
in one’s free time 在某人的空闲时间
Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way _______ our free time. For example, we can make plans _______ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year _______ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.
help move do make visit spend
to spend
to visit
to move
为……筹款
4c
Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives. (答案仅供参考不唯一）
1. I’d like to volunteer __________________________________________.
2. At 12:00 midnight, I called my friend ____________________________.
3. I’m very busy but I could help __________________________________.
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want___________________________.
5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me(not)_____________________.
to help kids with their homework
子夜；午夜
to play soccer together next day
(to) make the notice
to go camping with my friends
独自；单独
not to travel too far
Language points
1. I’m making some signs to put up around the school. (教材P12 Grammar Focus)
eg：At the Spring Festival, people put up “Fu” on doors or windows.
春节时，人们在门窗上贴上“福”。
put up
建造；搭建
【拓展】 put up的其他常用含义：
提出(建议等)
举起
He went camping with us and taught us how to put up a tent.
Put up your hand if you know the answer.
I’d like to put up an idea for the task.
put up 在这里意为“张贴；悬挂”。
2. I’d like to help homeless people. (教材P12 Grammar Focus)
homeless意为“无家的,无家可归的”,它是home加否定后缀-less构成的,-less常用来构成形容词,意思是“无……的,不能……的”。类似的词有:
use + less→useless(无用的) hope + less→hopeless(无望的)
care + less→careless(粗心的) help + less→helpless(无助的)
end + less→endless(没完没了的)
eg：The homeless are pathetic. 这些无家可归的人是悲惨的。
This is a useless knife.The handle has broken.
这是把没用的小刀。刀把坏了。
3. I’m too busy with my studies this year. (教材P12 4a)
be busy with sth.表示“忙于做某事”,with后要接名词性的词或短语。相当于be busy doing sth. (不可用to do sth.)。
eg：He is busy doing his homework.=He is busy with his homework.
他正忙于做作业。
【拓展】busy作形容词意为“忙的”,反义词为free。busy在打电话中是指“占线”。
eg：I’m sorry,sir;the line is busy. 对不起先生,电话占线。
4. we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. (教材P12 4b)
raise作及物动词，意为“筹集，征集”。
eg：They want to raise enough money to build a school.
他们想筹集足够的钱来建一所学校。
raise
举起，抬起
饲养
种植
Please raise your hands! 请举起手！
Their family raised a lot of corn. 他们家种了许多玉米。
She likes to raise a dog. 她喜欢养狗。
Homework
1. Do the exercises in students’ book.
2. Make sentences with infinitives, no less than five.
3. Preview the new words and phrases in Section B (1a-1e).
谢谢
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