Unit 2 第3课时+课文讲解及语法拓展-2022-2023学年六年级英语下册同步精品课堂（牛津上海版）

(共23张PPT)
At the airport
Episode 3
牛津上海版 英语 六年级 第二学期
Unit 2
Look and learn
Mrs Wang and Grandma have been to Beijing before.
Mrs Wang and Grandma have not/haven’t been to Los Angeles before.
Have Mrs Wang and Grandma been to Hong Kong before
Yes, they have.
Have Mrs Wang and Grandma been to Thailand before
No, they haven’t.
Where have Mrs Wang and Grandma been




Ben has bought a new bicycle.
Ben has not/hasn’t bought a new motorcycle.
Has Ben bought a new computer
Yes, he has.
Has Ben bought a new suitcase
No, he hasn’t.
What has Ben bought




Positive Negative Question I have played done worked lived etc. I have not (haven’t) played done worked lived etc. have I played
done
worked
lived
etc.
he has he has not (hasn’t) has he she she she it it it we have we have not (haven’t) have we you you you they they they
Aunt Judy and Uncle Mike have lived in Los Angeles for six years.
Aunt Judy
Uncle Mike
from six years ago to present
How long have Aunt Judy and Uncle Mike lived in Los Angeles
Peter has played football for 40 minutes.
How long has Peter played football
We have done our homework for two hours.
How long have you done your homework
Millie has talked with her friends for half an hour.
How long has Millie talked with her friends
Jill and Joe have been in the park for the whole afternoon.
How long have Jill and Joe been in the park
Read, think and write
Mrs Wang and Grandma ____________ (buy) their plane tickets.
Aunt Judy and Uncle Mike ____________ (live) in Los Angeles for six year.
Mrs Wang and Grandma ____________ (not pack) their suitcases yet.
They ____________ (buy) some presents for Aunt Judy and Uncle Mike.
buy bought bought
live lived lived
pack packed packed
have bought
have lived
haven’t packed
have bought
____________ you ____________ (be) to the UK before
How many cakes ____________ your mum ____________ (make) for the party
My grandfather ____________ (not visit) our school before.
How many photos ____________ Peter ____________ (take)
I ____________ (put) the picture on the wall.
be was/were been
make made made
visit visited visited
take took taken
put put put
Have
been
has
made
hasn’t visited
has
taken
have put
____________ you ____________ (get) enough money to buy the computer
She ____________ (have) the watch for about 50 years.
My father ____________ (work) in that factory for 23 years.
The cat ____________ (not eat) anything for three days. Is it ill
You ____________ (not say) a word for nearly an hour. What’s wrong with you
get got got
have had had
work worked worked
eat ate eaten
say said said
Have
got
has had
has worked
hasn’t eaten
haven’t said
（一）现在完成时的构成现在完成时由“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。现以动词work为例，将其肯定式、否定式、疑问式及简略答语列表如下：
肯定式 否定式 I/You have worked.He/She/It has worked.We/You/They have worked. I/You have not worked.He/She/It has not worked.We/You/They have not worked. 疑问式 简略答语 Have I/you worked Has he/she/it worked Have we/you/they worked Yes, you/I have.Yes, he/she/it has.Yes, you/we/they have. No, you/I have not.No, he/she/it has not. No, you/we/they have not.
【友情提示】规则动词的过去分词的构成与过去式相同。不规则动词的过去分词则要特殊记忆。have not常简缩为haven't，has not常简缩为hasn't。
（二）现在完成时的用法1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 e. g. -Have you had your lunch yet 你吃午饭了吗？-Yes, I have. I've just had it. 是的，我刚吃过。I have already posted the photos. 我已经把这些照片寄出去了。（这些照片已不在我这里了） I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。（了解了电影的内容） 2. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在包括现在在内的一段时间连用。表示持续动作状态的动词多是延续性动词。e. g. We have known each other for 3 years.我们彼此已经认识三年了。I've been at this school for over 2 years.我已经在这所学校呆了两年多了。They have lived here since 1996.他们自从1996年就居住在这里了。How long have you taught at this school 你在这所学校教书有多久了？She has taught us since I came to this school.自从我来这所学校她就教我们。
（三）与现在完成时连用的常用副词现在完成时常与already(已经），ever（曾经），never（从来不），just（刚刚），before（以前），yet（已经；仍然）等副词连用。e. g. Have you ever made dumplings 你包过饺子吗？I've just lost my English book.我刚刚把我的英语书弄丢了。I've never been to that farm before.我以前从未去过那家农场。I haven't learned the text yet. 我还没有学那篇课文。
（四）现在完成时态中应注意的问题1. 点动词与延续性动词的区别(1)所谓点动词是指含有终止或短暂意义的动词。如：begin, end, die, buy, borrow, come, arrive, join, marry等动词。它们通常不与表示一段时间的状语连用。e. g. I have bought a book.我买了一本书。I've had this book for three weeks.这本书我已经买了三个星期了。(2)某些非延续性动词可以与since连用，表示重复的动作或状态。e. g. I have met her often since I moved here.自从我搬到这儿，我经常遇见她。They have gone fishing five times since last spring.自从去年春天以来，他们已钓了5次鱼了。(3)有些非延续性动词的现在完成时在否定结构中可以与since或for短语连用。e. g. He has never touched beer for a whole week.他整个星期都滴酒未沾。I haven’t bought anything for a year.一年来我什么都没买。 2. has been to和has gone to的区别has been to表示“曾经去过”，说明所提及的对象已回到说话地点。has gone to表示“去……”，说明所提及的对象不在说话地点。e. g. I've been to Beijing for many times. 我到过北京很多次了。Tom has gone to Beijing and will come back next week.汤姆已到北京去了，下星期才回来。
1．My parents and I ________ in that old house since I was born.
A．live B．lived C．have lived D．has lived
2．Tom ________ Hangzhou twice. He will fly there next month.
A．went to B．will go to C．has been to D．goes to
3．Ben has lived here _________ he was born.
A．for B．when C．since D．from
4．I ________ about the Taj Mahal(泰姬陵) in the history books before and I want to take a trip there someday.
A．have read B．will read C．am reading D．was reading
5．Henry has been a teacher _______.
A．for ten years B．since ten years C．for ten years ago D．in 1998
随堂练习一
1．C
【详解】句意：自从我出生以来，我的父母和我一直住在那所老房子里。
考查动词的时态。根据“since I was born”可知，应该用现在完成时，主语“My parents and I”是复数，助动词用have。故选C。
2．C
【详解】句意：汤姆去过杭州两次。他下个月将飞往那里。
考查时态。根据“twice”可知，句子用现在完成时，结构是have/has+过去分词，故选C。
3．C
【详解】句意：自从本出生时起，他一直居住在这里。
考查连词辨析。for为了，因为；when当……时；since自从；from从。since引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。结合“has lived”以及“was born”，故选C。
4．A
【详解】句意：我以前在历史书上读到过泰姬陵，我想有一天去那里旅行。
考查动词时态。根据“I …about the Taj Mahal(泰姬陵) in the history books before and I want to take a trip there someday”可知，此处强调过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时的结构，故选A。
5．A
【详解】句意：亨利成为一名教师已经十年了。
考查现在完成时的时间状语。根据“has been a teacher”可知，谓语动词为延续性动词的现在完成时，时间状语应用一段时间，可用for+一段时间或since+过去时间点/从句。故选A。
随堂练习二
6．I’ve lived in this town _______ I was born.
A．for B．because C．when D．since
7．—Where is your sales manager, Jessica
—She’s not here. She _______ to Beijing to attend a meeting. She left this morning.
A．went B．goes C．has gone D．has been
8．Look, the wind ________ now. Let’s go out to play.
A．is stopping B．has stopped C．will stop D．stopped
9．I have kept the book ________. I have to return it to the library now.
A．one month ago B．for one month C．one month D．one month later
10．—May I ________ your bike, Celina
—Sure. But you can ________ it for just a week.
A．keep; borrow B．borrow; return C．borrow; keep
6．D
【详解】句意：自从我出生以来我就住在这个镇上。
考查连词辨析。for为了，因为；because因为；when当……时候；since自从。根据“I’ve lived in this town ... I was born.”可知，此处表示自从出生以来，since+一般过去时的从句，主句用现在完成时。故选D。
7．C
【详解】句意：——杰西卡，你的销售经理在哪里？——她不在这里。她去北京参加会议了。她今天早上离开了。
考查现在完成时。根据“She’s not here.”可知，她不在这里，说明是“已经去了某地”，还没有回来，句子应用现在完成时，应用have gone to表示“已经去了某地”。故选C。
8．B
【详解】句意：看，风已经停了。我们出去玩吧。
考查动词时态。根据“Lets go out to play.”判断风已经停了。这里描述过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响，时态用现在完成时，结构为：have/has+动词的过去分词。故选B。
9．B
【详解】句意：这本书我已经借了一个月了。我现在得把它还给图书馆。
考查时间状语。one month ago一个月以前；for one month一个月；one month一个月；one month later一个月后。根据“I have kept the book”可知本句是现在完成时，时间状语应用for+一段时间，故选B。
10．C
【详解】句意：——我能借用一下你的自行车吗，Celina？——当然。但是你就可以用一周。
考查动词辨析。keep保留；borrow借入；return归还。第一个空指借入，用borrow；第二个空，根据“for just a week”可知动词用延续性动词。故选C。
随堂练习三
11．My parents and I ________ in that tiny house since I was born.
A．live B．lived C．have lived D．has lived
12．—Would you like some more tea
—No, thanks. I ________ enough.
A．have had B．had C．have D．am having
13．My uncle ________ Xi'an for more than two years.
A．has gone to B．has been in
C．has been to D．has left
14．Mr. Wang has ________ South Africa. He will be back next month.
A．been to B．been at C．gone to D．gone in
15．—Why are you standing in the yard, Peggy
—I’m glad you’re back, Dad. I ________ my keys in the school, so I can’t get inside the house.
A．leave B．have left C．had left D．will leave
11．C
【详解】句意：自从我出生以来，我的父母和我一直住在那个小房子里。
考查现在完成时。根据“since I was born”可知，是现在完成时态，主语“My parents and I”是复数，助动词用have，故选C。
12．A
【详解】句意：--你再来点茶吗？ ---不，谢谢，我已经足够了。
考查动词时态。have had现在完成时，had一般过去时，have一般现在时，am having现在进行时。根据本句的问答可知，是表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，也可以是过去的状态持续到现在，应该用现在完成时，故选A。
13．B
【详解】句意：我的叔叔在西安呆了两年多了。
考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地；has been in在某地呆了多久；has been to去过某地；has left离开了。根据句中for more than two years是表示一段时间，所以此处应使用表示延续性的动词，has been in sp.表示在某地呆了多久，用在此处符合题意。故选B。
14．C
【详解】句意：王先生去南非了。他下个月回来。
考查现在完成时。have been to去过某地（已经回来了）；have gone to去了某地（还未回来）。根据“He will be back next month.”可知，王先生去了南非，还未回来，用have gone to。故选C。
15．B
【详解】句意：——你为什么站在院子里，佩吉？——我很高兴你回来了，爸爸。我把钥匙忘在学校了，所以进不去屋子里。
考查时态。根据“so I can’t get inside the house”可知过去把钥匙落在学校对现在造成的影响是不能进到家里，用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done。故选B。
随堂练习四
16．Alice isn’t here. She ________ the USA．
A．went to B．has been to C．has been in D．has gone to
17．________ he got any chicken
A．Have B．Has C．is D．are
18．My elder brother ________ a soldier for two years.
A．becomes B．has become C．became D．has been
19．—It’s the second time that I ________ to Chongqing. I’m surprised to see the great changes.
—Yes. Our government has done a lot to improve the environment.
A．came B．come C．have come D．will come
20．—________ your homework yet
—Yes, I ________ it to the English monitor a moment ago.
A．Did you hand in; had given B．Have you handed in; gave
C．Had you handed in; gave D．Have you handed in; have given
16．D
【详解】句意：爱丽丝不在这里。她去了美国。
考查动词短语。went to去了，一般过去时，和现在时间毫不相干；has been to曾经去过（某地），说明所提及的对象已回到说话地点；has been in一直待在某地；has gone to去了某地，指所提及的对象还未回来。根据“Alice isn’t here.”，对现在造成了影响，用现在完成时，且强调还未回来，故选D。
17．B
【详解】句意： 他有一些鸡肉吗？
考查现在完成时。分析句子可知此处表达“他有鸡肉吗？”，have/has got“有……”，根据主语是第三人称单数“he”，故应用has got。现在完成时在变一般疑问句时have/has要提前，结合句首开头字母大写，故选B。
18．D
【详解】句意：我的哥哥已经参军两年了。
考查现在完成时和延续性动词。根据“for two years”可知时态为现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”，而two years为时间段，所以谓语动词应用延续性动词，故选D。
19．C
【详解】句意：这是我第二次来重庆。我很惊讶看到这些巨大的变化。——是的。我们的政府为改善环境做了很多工作。
考查时态。根据“It’s the second time that ...”可知此处用“It’s the+序数词+time+that从句”句式，从句用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done。故选C。
20．B
【详解】句意：——你交作业了吗？——交了，我刚才给了英语课代表。
考查动词时态。根据“yet”可知问句用现在完成时(have/has done)，可排除AC选项；再由“a moment ago”可知答句用一般过去时。故选B。
愿君皆有所获，皆有所得