中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
学案14 宾语从句
备考2023中考英语二轮高频考点剖析学案
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
分析近6年中考真题可知，宾语从句为中考的高频考点，在单项选择和完形填空中均有考查。主要涉及：①连接词；②语序；③语序+时态；④语序+句意；⑤语序+make的用法。
高频考点一：语序
宾语从句中必须用陈述句语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他部分。
高频考点二：时态(遵循三大原则)
(1)需要性原则：主句是现在时，从句时态随句意。
(2)呼应性原则：主句是过去时，从句用过去的某种时态。如: Kate said she was shopping at this time yesterday。凯特说她昨天这个时候正在购物。
(3)特殊性原则：从句表示客观事实、真理、自然现象时，用一般现在时，主句时态随句意。如： Miss Husaid that the light travels faster than the sound.
胡老师说光传播的速度比声音传播的速度快
高频考点三：连接词
1. 所接从句为陈述句时，由 that连接。（that在句中不作成分，无意义，可省略）
【例句】 He says. He is a student. （合并为一句）
He says （that） he is a student.
2. 所接从句为一般疑问句时，由if或whether连接。
（if/whether当“是否”讲，在句中不作成分，但有意义，不可省略。）
【例句】
He asks. Is he a student （合并为一句）He asks if he is a student.
3. 所接从句为特殊疑问句时，用特殊疑问词连接。
特殊疑问词：who，whose.，whom，which，when，where，what how，how many，how long，how soon，how often等。
（这些词在句中作成分，有意义，不可省略）
【例句】He wants to know. When will she come back （合并为一句）
He wants to know __________ she will come back.
考点剖析☆名师点拨
高频考点剖析一：宾语从句的连接词
1. that引导的宾语从句
如:“She is a good girl,” the teacher told us.=The teacher told us ( that ) she was a good girl.老师告诉我们她是一个好女孩。
注意:引导词that用于下列情况时不可省略:
(1)当宾语从句的主语是that时。如:He says that that is a useful book.他说那是一本有用的书。
(2)当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。如:I'm afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.我恐怕如果你丢了它，你必须赔偿。
(3)当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。如:
He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.他说这部电影非常有趣，并且他非常喜欢看。
2. whether或if引导的宾语从句
如:“Are you from Japan ” He asked me. =He asked me if/whether I was from Japan.他问我是不是来自日本。
“Do you like watching TV ” He asked me. =He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.他问我是否喜欢看电视。
3.特别疑问词引导的宾语从句
如:When did he leave for Japan Could you tell me =Could you tell me when he left for Japan，你能告诉我他什么时候去的日本吗
【典例】(1) Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue(古代雕像).
A. which B. where C. how D. what
【思路点拨】:句意:警察已经找到了样子好像丢失的古代雕像的东西。Police have found是主句。空白处为宾语从句的引导词，这个引导词在宾语从句中作主语。where和how在宾语从句中不能作主语，排除掉;which“哪一个”，不符合句意;what“什么，什么样的，所……的”，在宾语从句中可以作主语、宾语等。
【典例】(2)Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
A. why B. where C. that D. what
思路点拨:句意:专家认为人们只有在必要时去购物才能浪费较少的食物。主句是Experts believe，空白处后面是宾语从句，空白处是从属连词，引导宾语从句。分析宾语从句可知，它也是一个主从复合句，only when it is necessary是时间状语从句。这个宾语从句结构完整，不缺成分，这种情况下引导词用that，此时that可以省略。
【典例】(3)一Have you finished the book
一No，I've read up to the children discover the secret cave.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
【思路点拨】:句意:一你看完这本书了吗 一没有，我已经看到孩子们发现秘密山洞的地方了。介词to后面是从句，作to的宾语。宾语从句中缺少地点状语，所以应选where作关系词。
【典例】(4) I don't care he will come or not.
A. weather B. if C. whether D./
【思路点拨】:句意:我不关心他是否会来。whether和if都表示“是否”，引导宾语从句时可互换，但句中如果有or not，则只能用whether。
知识归纳
宾语从句属于名词性从句，其引导词及作用见下表:
引导词 引导词的作用
that 本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略
what , which，who, whose ,whom等连接代词 在从句中作一定的成分，如主语、宾语、定语等
when(表时间)，where(表地点)，why(表原因)，how(表方式)等连接副词 在从句中作状语
if/whether 意为“是否”、不作句子成分，但不能省略
易错警示
whether和if通常可以通用，但下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if：
(1)介词后面的宾语从句只用whether引导。如:Our success depends on whether we work hard.
(2)与or no:连用时，只用whether引导宾语从句。
(3)宾语从句置于句首时，只用whether引导。如:Whether he will come, I can't say.他是否会来，我说不准。
高频考点剖析二：宾语从句要注意的几个问题
1.主句与从句时态一致的问题
(1)如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时)，那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
(2)如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时)，那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
2.宾语从句的语序问题
宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。
3.否定转移问题
当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时，要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:I don't think he will come with you.
4.宾语从句简化的问题
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
【典例】(1) Does the earth go around the sun Susan wanted to know.(将两句合并为一句)
Susan wanted to know the earth around the sun.
【思路点拨】:直接引语的句子为一般疑问句，所以选用引导词if或whether;从句的内容为客观事实时，不管主句是何时态，从句都用一般现在时;主语为第三人称单数the earth,所以go用goes。
【典例】(2) Tom said, “We will go back tomorrow morning.”(改为间接引语)
Tom said they come back the next morning.
【思路点拨】:考查主从句的时态呼应。直接引语改为间接引语时，若主句的时态为过去时态，则从句的时态应使用相应的过去时态。主句为一般过去时，根据句意及时间状语可知，从句应改为过去将来时。
【典例】(3) I really don't know what I can do to help her out.(改为简单句)
I really don't know what to help her out.
【思路点拨】:考查宾语从句简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可使用’‘疑问词+不定式”结构对从句进行改写，故填to do。
【典例】(4)I think Daniel has finished his homework.(改为否定句)
I Daniel finished his homework.
【思路点拨】:在主从复合句中，主句的人称为第一人称，谓语动词为think,believe等时，要将宾语从句的否定转移到主句中。
考点过关☆专项突破
1．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考一模）—Excuse me, could you tell me ________ some fruit near here
—Sure. There is a supermarket down the street.
A．where I could buy B．where can I buy C．where I can buy
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我在哪里可以买到一些水果吗？——当然，沿着这条街有一家超市。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，选项B是疑问语序，故排除；题干中的could是一种语气，这里用一般现在时。故选C。
2．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考三模）—I wonder ________.
—Sorry. I’m not sure about it.
A．if Mike would like to go shopping with me
B．that Mike is free this afternoon
C．whether does Tom have time this afternoon.
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我想知道迈克是否愿意和我一起去购物。
考查宾语从句。根据“I wonder”并结合选项可知，空格处为宾语从句，此时从句应为陈述句语序，故排除选项C。根据“wonder”和“I’m not sure about it”可知，从句引导词应用if，表示“是否”。故选A。
3．（2022·山东青岛·统考二模）—Excuse me. Do you know ________
—I’m not sure. Maybe she’ll have it in her house next Sunday.
A．why does Sally want to have a party
B．why Sally wants to have a party
C．when will Sally have the party
D．when Sally will have the party
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你知道莎莉将在什么时候举行聚会吗？——我不确定，也许下星期日她将会在家里举行。
考查宾语从句。根据“Do you know…”可知空处是宾语从句，宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，选项A、C是疑问语序，排除选项A和C；再根据“Maybe she’ll have it in her house next Sunday”，可知这里表示的是时间，排除选项B，故选D。
4．（2022·山西太原·太原五中校考二模）—I always feel nervous when I talk to strangers. I wonder _______.
—There are so many clubs in our school and you can join them.
A．which doctor I should go to for help
B．how I can become more confident
C．whether listening to more tapes is useful
【答案】B
【详解】——每次和陌生人讲话时，我总是感到紧张。我想知道如何变得更有信心。——我们学校有这么多俱乐部，你可以加入。
考查宾语从句。根据观察和分析可知，题干包含宾语从句。选项A询问的是应该向哪个医生寻求帮助；选项B询问的是如何变得更自信；选项C询问的是听更多的磁带是否有用。根据“There are so many clubs in our school and you can join them.”可知，这里在询问使他变得更自信的方法。故选B。
5．（2022·四川泸州·统考模拟预测）—Could you please tell me ________
—Next Friday morning.
A．how will we visit the Space Museum
B．how did we visit the Space Museum
C．when we will visit the Space Museum
D．when we visited the Space Museum
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我我们什么时候参观太空博物馆吗？——下周五早上。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除A和B选项。结合答语“Next Friday morning”可知，从句用一般将来时，故选C。
6．（2022·新疆伊犁·校考一模）—Can you tell me ________
—He lives in Nanjing.
A．where Mark lives B．where does Mark lives
C．where Mark lived D．where did Mark live
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你可以告诉我Mark住在哪里吗？——他住在南京。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除B和D选项。结合答语“He lives in Nanjing”可知，从句用一般现在时，故选A。
7．（2022·江苏连云港·校考二模）—Could you please tell me ________
—Last month.
A．how long Lucy has been away from Lianyungang B．how long Lucy stayed in Lianyungang
C．when Lucy will come back to Lianyungang D．when Lucy left Lianyungang
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我露西什么时候离开连云港的吗？——上个月。
考查宾语从句。根据“Last month.”可知，事情是过去发生的，时态为一般过去时，又因询问的是什么时候，为具体的时间，用连接副词when，故排除A和B，宾语从句用陈述语序，“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”。故选D。
8．（2022·贵州毕节·统考一模）—What question did they ask you in the interview
—They asked ________.
A．what I usually do in the spare time B．why did I choose their company
C．when I could start working D．who do I want to work with.
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——面试时他们问了你什么问题？——他们问我什么时候可以开始工作。
考查宾语从句。根据“They asked ...”和所给选项可知，asked后接宾语从句，从句要用陈述句语序，排除BD选项；再根据“asked”可知，主句时态为一般过去时，从句要用过去时态，排除A选项。故选C。
9．（2022·河北邢台·校考三模）—Alex, could you tell us _________
—Sure, I hope to make more friends.
A．why you are so happy B．what you expect to do
C．how you can be healthy D．where your friends are from
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——Alex，你可以告诉我们你希望做什么吗？——当然，我希望交更多的朋友。
考查宾语从句。why you are so happy为什么那么开心；what you expect to do你希望做什么；how you can be healthy你怎么才能健康；where your friends are from你的朋友们来自哪里。根据“I hope to make more friends”可知上文在问希望做什么，用what引导宾语从句。故选B。
10．（2022·四川雅安·四川省汉源县第一中学校考一模）— Could you please tell me ________
— It’s next to the bank.
A．where is the supermarket B．where the supermarket is
C．where was the supermarket D．where the supermarket was
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我超市在哪里吗？——它在银行旁边。
考查宾语从句的语序和时态。根据“Could you please tell me… ”可知，此处是宾语从句，语序应用陈述句语序，结合答语“It’s next to the bank.”可知，空处是询问超市在哪里，描述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时。故选B。
11．（2022·江苏常州·校考二模）—Remember Carol She is still in good shape and looks even younger though years has passed.
—Oh, really I haven’t seen her for nearly ten years. Could you tell me ________
A．that she has got married B．how she can manage to do that
C．where she has gone these years D．when would she visit Changzhou
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——还记得卡罗尔吗？尽管岁月流逝，她仍然保持着良好的体形，看起来更年轻。——哦，真的吗？我已经快十年没见到她了。你能告诉我她是怎么做到的吗？
考查宾语从句。分析题干可知，空格处应为宾语从句，其语序为陈述句语序，排除D；根据“She is still in good shape and looks even younger though years has passed.”可知，多年过去了，卡罗尔不仅身形依旧，看起来还更年轻了，所以这个人想要知道卡罗尔的保养方法，她会问“她是怎么做到的”。故选B。
12．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考三模）—Could you tell me _________
—Sure, she is a nurse in No. 1 Hospital of Yinjiang.
A．what your mother is B．what is your mother
C．who your mother is D．who is your mother
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你妈妈是做什么的吗？——当然，她是银江第一医院的护士。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除BD；结合“she is a nurse in No. 1 Hospital of Yinjiang”可知，询问职业。故选A。
13．（2022·广西贵港·统考三模）—I wonder ________.
—Outside the science museum.
A．where will we have the art and science fair B．where we will have the art and science fair
C．when will we have the art and science fair D．when we will have the art and science fair
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我想知道我们将在哪里举办艺术和科学展会。——在科学博物馆外面。
考查where引导的宾语从句。where will we have the art and science fair错误表达，从句应用陈述语序；where we will have the art and science fair我们将在哪里举办艺术和科学展会；when will we have the art and science fair错误表达，从句应用陈述语序；when we will have the art and science fair我们什么时候举办艺术和科学展会。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词know后接宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序。根据“Outside the science museum.”可知，宾语从句应是想知道展会举办的地点，应用where来引导宾语从句。故选B。
14．（2022·江西南昌·模拟预测）—Have you found your dictionary
—No. I forget who ________ it from me.
A．is borrowing B．has borrowed C．was borrowing D．will borrow
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你找到字典了吗？——没有。我忘记是谁从我这把它借走了。
考查现在完成时。分析句子结构，who引导宾语从句，主句采用一般现在时，结合选项的动词borrow，可知此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的结果，因此从句应采用现在完成时，其谓语结构为：have / has+过去分词。故选B。
15．（2022·山西·统考模拟预测）— Gu Ailing has become a new model for teens in China. I wonder ________.
— Her goal for success always pushes her forward.
A．why she can make it B．how she trains every day C．who she always competes with
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——谷爱凌已成为中国青少年的新榜样。我想知道她为什么能做到。——她的成功目标总是推动她前进。
考查宾语从句。根据“Her goal for success always pushes her forward.”可知，此处是指想知道为什么能够做到，用why引导宾语从句。故选A。
16．（2022·云南昆明·云大附中校考三模）—It seems that you have driven Jack mad.
—Oh, please! He even didn’t give me a chance to tell ________.
A．what did I do wrong B．why I was wrong C．where I did wrong D．which did I do wrong
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——看来你把杰克逼疯了。——噢，拜托！他甚至都没有给我机会解释我为什么错了。
考查why引导的宾语从句。what did I do wrong错误表达，宾语从句应用陈述语序；why I was wrong我为什么错了；where I did wrong错误表达，不能用where来引导；which did I do wrong错误表达，宾语从句应用陈述语序。动词tell后接宾语从句，结合选项的wrong可知此处应是表示“我为什么错了”，应用why来引导宾语从句。故选B。
17．（2022·海南省直辖县级单位·校联考模拟预测）—Tom, I wonder ________.
—About 10 minutes’ walk.
A．how far is it from your home to the cinema
B．how far it is from your home to the cinema
C．how long it is from your home to the cinema
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——汤姆，我想知道从你家到电影院有多远？——步行大约10分钟。
考查宾语从句。根据“I wonder”可知，句子为宾语从句，故从句语序应为陈述句语序，故排除选项A。根据“About 10 minutes’ walk”可知，我想知道从你家到电影院有多远，“多远”应用how far引导从句。故选B。
18．（2022·山西晋中·统考一模）—I don’t know ________.
—Maybe he will go there in his father’s car.
A．why Tom has to get up so early
B．when Tom will visit his grandparents
C．how Tom will go to the museum
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我不知道汤姆将如何去博物馆。——也许他会坐他父亲的车去那里。
考查宾语从句。why Tom has to get up so early为什么汤姆要起这么早；when Tom will visit his grandparents汤姆什么时候去看望他的祖父母；how Tom will go to the museum汤姆将如何去博物馆。根据答句“Maybe he will go there in his father’s car.”可知，上文应该问的是怎么样去的。故选C。
19．（2022·山西太原·山西实验中学校考模拟预测）—The dance about the famous painting A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains by Wang Ximeng is quite popular these days. I wonder ________ .
—Because it shows the greatness of our traditonal culture by dancing.
A．when people notice it
B．how people can learn to dance
C．why people show great interest in it
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——王希蒙的名画《千里江山》的舞蹈近来颇受欢迎。我想知道为什么人们对它表现出极大的兴趣。——因为它通过舞蹈展示了我们传统文化的伟大。
考察宾语从句。when people notice it人们什么时候注意到它；how people can learn to dance人们怎样才能学会跳舞；why people show great interest in it为什么人们对它这么感兴趣。根据答句“Because it shows the greatness of our traditonal culture by dancing.”可知，上文应该是用why提问的问句。故选C。
20．（2022·山西临汾·统考二模）—There will be a graduation ceremony next Saturday. Do you know ________
—To avoid gathering, we will have it online instead of at the school hall.
A．if it will be held on time B．why it is put off C．where it will be held
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——下周六有个毕业典礼。你知道在哪里举行吗？——为了避免聚会，我们将在网上举行，而不是在学校礼堂。
考查宾语从句。根据答语“we will have it online instead of at the school hall”可知，对地点提问，故选C。
21．（2022·海南·统考一模）—I don’t know ________ this weekend. Do you have any good idea
—How about going shopping
A．where should I visit B．what I should do C．when I should go
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我不知道这个周末我该做什么。你有什么好主意吗？——去购物怎么样？
考查宾语从句。根据“Do you have any good idea ”以及“How about going shopping ”可知此处意为“我不知道该做什么”，排除C；分析“I don’t know…this weekend”可知是宾语从句，从句应用陈述句语序，排除A。故选B。
22．（2022·吉林长春·统考一模）You were always late for school last week, Sam. Could you explain ________
A．when you were late B．when were you late C．why were you late D．why you were late
【答案】D
【详解】句意：山姆，上个星期你总是上学迟到，你能解释一下为什么你上学迟到吗？
考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句语序，故排除BC；根据“Could you explain”可知应是解释原因。故选D。
23．（2022·海南省直辖县级单位·统考一模）— Do you know ________
—Yes. It’s under the chair.
A．when I lost my football B．where my football is C．where is my football
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你知道我的足球在哪里吗？——知道。它在椅子下。
考查宾语从句。根据“Do you know ...”可知，know后接宾语从句，从句要用陈述句语序，排除C选项；再根据“It’s under the chair.”可知，问句是询问位置，应用where引导的宾语从句。故选B。
24．（2022·浙江温州·校联考二模）—Could you tell me ________
—He wants to show the true friendship to readers by telling stories.
A．what the readers think of the book
B．how the writer met his friend in the book
C．what the writer means in the book
D．how the writer’s friend likes this book
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我作者在书中的意思吗？——他想通过讲故事向读者展示真正的友谊。
考查宾语从句。根据答语“He wants to show the true friendship to readers by telling stories.”可知，作者想通过讲故事向读者展示真正的友谊，所以问句应该是询问作者意图。故选C。
25．（2022·江苏无锡·校考二模）Wang Yaping is very happy to return to the motherland and tells her little daughter that _________.
A．“Mom was returning after reaching for the stars.”
B．“Mom returned after reaching for the stars.”
C．“Mom has returned after reaching for the stars.”
D．“Mom is returning after reaching for the stars.”
【答案】C
【详解】句意：王亚萍很高兴回到祖国，告诉她的小女儿说：“妈妈摘星星后回来啦！”
考查宾语从句的时态。分析句子结构可知，句子由and连接两个并列分句，第二个分句中含有that引导的宾语从句，主句谓语tells说明主句采用一般现在时，根据“主现从不限”原则，宾语从句可采用根据需要，选择相应的时态。结合语境，可知该直接引语为王亚萍返回地球后对她女儿说的话，因此“回来”return应用现在完成时。故选C。
26．（2022·江苏连云港·校考二模）I have some tickets for the football match. I called my friends to see _______.
A．how much should I pay for them B．who wants to go with me
C．whether they’d like to go D．how did they go with me
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我有几张足球比赛的票。我打电话给我的朋友们看他们是否愿意去。
考查宾语从句。分析选项可知是动词“see”的宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述语序，排除A和D选项；主句“I called my friends to see”是一般过去时，因此从句需用相应过去的时态，B选项是一般现在时，排除。故选C。
27．（2022·江苏扬州·校考二模）—Jim, is there anything else you want to know about China
—Yes, I am still wondering ________.
A．that the Forbidden City is well worth a visit
B．whether do Chinese people put up spring couplets
C．do Chinese people eat mooncakes on Mid-autumn Festival
D．how Chinese people greet each other when they meet
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——吉姆，关于中国你还有什么想了解的吗？——是的，我想知道中国人见面是怎样打招呼的。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故可排除B和C。根据“wondering”可知，该宾语从句应该是问句，A选项引导词为that，是陈述句句意，故可排除A。故选D。
28．（2022·江苏盐城·校考三模）I think it difficult to write the book report in two days. I really don’t know ________.
A．who I can ask for help B．when I would finish it
C．how can I do it D．that I can finish it
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我认为在两天内写读书报告很难。我真的不知道我可以向谁求助。
考查宾语从句。根据“I think it difficult to write the book report in two days. I really don’t know …”可知，know后此处为宾语从句，需要使用陈述句语序，排除C；结合主句可知，此处从句表示疑问，排除D；题干已经知道完成的时间“in two days”，故排除B。故选A。
29．（2022·江苏徐州·校考二模）—I want to take a course in summer camp. Could you tell me ________
—You’ll stay with a family in a village and experience their daily life.
A．when I should pay for the course B．where I will take it
C．what the best part of the course is D．how long will I stay in the village
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我想参加夏令营的课程。你能告诉我这门课最好的部分是什么吗？——你将住在一个村庄的一户人家里，体验他们的日常生活。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句使用陈述语序，排除D；根据“You’ll stay with a family in a village and experience their daily life.”可知，此处询问具体的课程内容是什么，使用what。故选C。
30．（2022·河北邯郸·校考一模）—Jack, can you tell me __________
—Certainly. I’m going to the countryside to visit my grandma.
A．why you will visit your grandma B．when you are leaving for the countryside
C．how you plan to spend your weekend D．who you will go to the countryside with
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——杰克，你能告诉我你打算怎么过周末吗？——当然。我要去乡下看望我奶奶。
考查宾语从句。why you will visit your grandma你为什么要去看望你奶奶；when you are leaving for the countryside你什么时候去乡下；how you plan to spend your weekend你打算如何度过周末；who you will go to the countryside with你将和谁一起去乡下。根据“I’m going to the countryside to visit my grandma.”可知是问怎么过周末，故选C。
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学案14 宾语从句
备考2023中考英语二轮高频考点剖析学案
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
分析近6年中考真题可知，宾语从句为中考的高频考点，在单项选择和完形填空中均有考查。主要涉及：①连接词；②语序；③语序+时态；④语序+句意；⑤语序+make的用法。
高频考点一：语序
宾语从句中必须用陈述句语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他部分。
高频考点二：时态(遵循三大原则)
(1)需要性原则：主句是现在时，从句时态随句意。
(2)呼应性原则：主句是过去时，从句用过去的某种时态。如: Kate said she was shopping at this time yesterday。凯特说她昨天这个时候正在购物。
(3)特殊性原则：从句表示客观事实、真理、自然现象时，用一般现在时，主句时态随句意。如： Miss Husaid that the light travels faster than the sound.
胡老师说光传播的速度比声音传播的速度快
高频考点三：连接词
1. 所接从句为陈述句时，由 that连接。（that在句中不作成分，无意义，可省略）
【例句】 He says. He is a student. （合并为一句）
He says （that） he is a student.
2. 所接从句为一般疑问句时，由if或whether连接。
（if/whether当“是否”讲，在句中不作成分，但有意义，不可省略。）
【例句】
He asks. Is he a student （合并为一句）He asks if he is a student.
3. 所接从句为特殊疑问句时，用特殊疑问词连接。
特殊疑问词：who，whose.，whom，which，when，where，what how，how many，how long，how soon，how often等。
（这些词在句中作成分，有意义，不可省略）
【例句】He wants to know. When will she come back （合并为一句）
He wants to know __________ she will come back.
考点剖析☆名师点拨
高频考点剖析一：宾语从句的连接词
1. that引导的宾语从句
如:“She is a good girl,” the teacher told us.=The teacher told us ( that ) she was a good girl.老师告诉我们她是一个好女孩。
注意:引导词that用于下列情况时不可省略:
(1)当宾语从句的主语是that时。如:He says that that is a useful book.他说那是一本有用的书。
(2)当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。如:I'm afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.我恐怕如果你丢了它，你必须赔偿。
(3)当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。如:
He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.他说这部电影非常有趣，并且他非常喜欢看。
2. whether或if引导的宾语从句
如:“Are you from Japan ” He asked me. =He asked me if/whether I was from Japan.他问我是不是来自日本。
“Do you like watching TV ” He asked me. =He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.他问我是否喜欢看电视。
3.特别疑问词引导的宾语从句
如:When did he leave for Japan Could you tell me =Could you tell me when he left for Japan，你能告诉我他什么时候去的日本吗
【典例】(1) Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue(古代雕像).
A. which B. where C. how D. what
【思路点拨】:句意:警察已经找到了样子好像丢失的古代雕像的东西。Police have found是主句。空白处为宾语从句的引导词，这个引导词在宾语从句中作主语。where和how在宾语从句中不能作主语，排除掉;which“哪一个”，不符合句意;what“什么，什么样的，所……的”，在宾语从句中可以作主语、宾语等。
【典例】(2)Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
A. why B. where C. that D. what
思路点拨:句意:专家认为人们只有在必要时去购物才能浪费较少的食物。主句是Experts believe，空白处后面是宾语从句，空白处是从属连词，引导宾语从句。分析宾语从句可知，它也是一个主从复合句，only when it is necessary是时间状语从句。这个宾语从句结构完整，不缺成分，这种情况下引导词用that，此时that可以省略。
【典例】(3)一Have you finished the book
一No，I've read up to the children discover the secret cave.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
【思路点拨】:句意:一你看完这本书了吗 一没有，我已经看到孩子们发现秘密山洞的地方了。介词to后面是从句，作to的宾语。宾语从句中缺少地点状语，所以应选where作关系词。
【典例】(4) I don't care he will come or not.
A. weather B. if C. whether D./
【思路点拨】:句意:我不关心他是否会来。whether和if都表示“是否”，引导宾语从句时可互换，但句中如果有or not，则只能用whether。
知识归纳
宾语从句属于名词性从句，其引导词及作用见下表:
引导词 引导词的作用
that 本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略
what , which，who, whose ,whom等连接代词 在从句中作一定的成分，如主语、宾语、定语等
when(表时间)，where(表地点)，why(表原因)，how(表方式)等连接副词 在从句中作状语
if/whether 意为“是否”、不作句子成分，但不能省略
易错警示
whether和if通常可以通用，但下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if：
(1)介词后面的宾语从句只用whether引导。如:Our success depends on whether we work hard.
(2)与or no:连用时，只用whether引导宾语从句。
(3)宾语从句置于句首时，只用whether引导。如:Whether he will come, I can't say.他是否会来，我说不准。
高频考点剖析二：宾语从句要注意的几个问题
1.主句与从句时态一致的问题
(1)如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时)，那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
(2)如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时)，那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
2.宾语从句的语序问题
宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。
3.否定转移问题
当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时，要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:I don't think he will come with you.
4.宾语从句简化的问题
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
【典例】(1) Does the earth go around the sun Susan wanted to know.(将两句合并为一句)
Susan wanted to know the earth around the sun.
【思路点拨】:直接引语的句子为一般疑问句，所以选用引导词if或whether;从句的内容为客观事实时，不管主句是何时态，从句都用一般现在时;主语为第三人称单数the earth,所以go用goes。
【典例】(2) Tom said, “We will go back tomorrow morning.”(改为间接引语)
Tom said they come back the next morning.
【思路点拨】:考查主从句的时态呼应。直接引语改为间接引语时，若主句的时态为过去时态，则从句的时态应使用相应的过去时态。主句为一般过去时，根据句意及时间状语可知，从句应改为过去将来时。
【典例】(3) I really don't know what I can do to help her out.(改为简单句)
I really don't know what to help her out.
【思路点拨】:考查宾语从句简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可使用’‘疑问词+不定式”结构对从句进行改写，故填to do。
【典例】(4)I think Daniel has finished his homework.(改为否定句)
I Daniel finished his homework.
【思路点拨】:在主从复合句中，主句的人称为第一人称，谓语动词为think,believe等时，要将宾语从句的否定转移到主句中。
考点过关☆专项突破
1．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考一模）—Excuse me, could you tell me ________ some fruit near here
—Sure. There is a supermarket down the street.
A．where I could buy B．where can I buy C．where I can buy
2．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考三模）—I wonder ________.
—Sorry. I’m not sure about it.
A．if Mike would like to go shopping with me
B．that Mike is free this afternoon
C．whether does Tom have time this afternoon.
3．（2022·山东青岛·统考二模）—Excuse me. Do you know ________
—I’m not sure. Maybe she’ll have it in her house next Sunday.
A．why does Sally want to have a party
B．why Sally wants to have a party
C．when will Sally have the party
D．when Sally will have the party
4．（2022·山西太原·太原五中校考二模）—I always feel nervous when I talk to strangers. I wonder _______.
—There are so many clubs in our school and you can join them.
A．which doctor I should go to for help
B．how I can become more confident
C．whether listening to more tapes is useful
5．（2022·四川泸州·统考模拟预测）—Could you please tell me ________
—Next Friday morning.
A．how will we visit the Space Museum
B．how did we visit the Space Museum
C．when we will visit the Space Museum
D．when we visited the Space Museum
6．（2022·新疆伊犁·校考一模）—Can you tell me ________
—He lives in Nanjing.
A．where Mark lives B．where does Mark lives
C．where Mark lived D．where did Mark live
7．（2022·江苏连云港·校考二模）—Could you please tell me ________
—Last month.
A．how long Lucy has been away from Lianyungang B．how long Lucy stayed in Lianyungang
C．when Lucy will come back to Lianyungang D．when Lucy left Lianyungang
8．（2022·贵州毕节·统考一模）—What question did they ask you in the interview
—They asked ________.
A．what I usually do in the spare time B．why did I choose their company
C．when I could start working D．who do I want to work with.
9．（2022·河北邢台·校考三模）—Alex, could you tell us _________
—Sure, I hope to make more friends.
A．why you are so happy B．what you expect to do
C．how you can be healthy D．where your friends are from
10．（2022·四川雅安·四川省汉源县第一中学校考一模）— Could you please tell me ________
— It’s next to the bank.
A．where is the supermarket B．where the supermarket is
C．where was the supermarket D．where the supermarket was
11．（2022·江苏常州·校考二模）—Remember Carol She is still in good shape and looks even younger though years has passed.
—Oh, really I haven’t seen her for nearly ten years. Could you tell me ________
A．that she has got married B．how she can manage to do that
C．where she has gone these years D．when would she visit Changzhou
12．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考三模）—Could you tell me _________
—Sure, she is a nurse in No. 1 Hospital of Yinjiang.
A．what your mother is B．what is your mother
C．who your mother is D．who is your mother
13．（2022·广西贵港·统考三模）—I wonder ________.
—Outside the science museum.
A．where will we have the art and science fair B．where we will have the art and science fair
C．when will we have the art and science fair D．when we will have the art and science fair
14．（2022·江西南昌·模拟预测）—Have you found your dictionary
—No. I forget who ________ it from me.
A．is borrowing B．has borrowed C．was borrowing D．will borrow
15．（2022·山西·统考模拟预测）— Gu Ailing has become a new model for teens in China. I wonder ________.
— Her goal for success always pushes her forward.
A．why she can make it B．how she trains every day C．who she always competes with
16．（2022·云南昆明·云大附中校考三模）—It seems that you have driven Jack mad.
—Oh, please! He even didn’t give me a chance to tell ________.
A．what did I do wrong B．why I was wrong C．where I did wrong D．which did I do wrong
17．（2022·海南省直辖县级单位·校联考模拟预测）—Tom, I wonder ________.
—About 10 minutes’ walk.
A．how far is it from your home to the cinema
B．how far it is from your home to the cinema
C．how long it is from your home to the cinema
18．（2022·山西晋中·统考一模）—I don’t know ________.
—Maybe he will go there in his father’s car.
A．why Tom has to get up so early
B．when Tom will visit his grandparents
C．how Tom will go to the museum
19．（2022·山西太原·山西实验中学校考模拟预测）—The dance about the famous painting A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains by Wang Ximeng is quite popular these days. I wonder ________ .
—Because it shows the greatness of our traditonal culture by dancing.
A．when people notice it
B．how people can learn to dance
C．why people show great interest in it
20．（2022·山西临汾·统考二模）—There will be a graduation ceremony next Saturday. Do you know ________
—To avoid gathering, we will have it online instead of at the school hall.
A．if it will be held on time B．why it is put off C．where it will be held
21．（2022·海南·统考一模）—I don’t know ________ this weekend. Do you have any good idea
—How about going shopping
A．where should I visit B．what I should do C．when I should go
22．（2022·吉林长春·统考一模）You were always late for school last week, Sam. Could you explain ________
A．when you were late B．when were you late C．why were you late D．why you were late
23．（2022·海南省直辖县级单位·统考一模）— Do you know ________
—Yes. It’s under the chair.
A．when I lost my football B．where my football is C．where is my football
24．（2022·浙江温州·校联考二模）—Could you tell me ________
—He wants to show the true friendship to readers by telling stories.
A．what the readers think of the book
B．how the writer met his friend in the book
C．what the writer means in the book
D．how the writer’s friend likes this book
25．（2022·江苏无锡·校考二模）Wang Yaping is very happy to return to the motherland and tells her little daughter that _________.
A．“Mom was returning after reaching for the stars.”
B．“Mom returned after reaching for the stars.”
C．“Mom has returned after reaching for the stars.”
D．“Mom is returning after reaching for the stars.”
26．（2022·江苏连云港·校考二模）I have some tickets for the football match. I called my friends to see _______.
A．how much should I pay for them B．who wants to go with me
C．whether they’d like to go D．how did they go with me
27．（2022·江苏扬州·校考二模）—Jim, is there anything else you want to know about China
—Yes, I am still wondering ________.
A．that the Forbidden City is well worth a visit
B．whether do Chinese people put up spring couplets
C．do Chinese people eat mooncakes on Mid-autumn Festival
D．how Chinese people greet each other when they meet
28．（2022·江苏盐城·校考三模）I think it difficult to write the book report in two days. I really don’t know ________.
A．who I can ask for help B．when I would finish it
C．how can I do it D．that I can finish it
29．（2022·江苏徐州·校考二模）—I want to take a course in summer camp. Could you tell me ________
—You’ll stay with a family in a village and experience their daily life.
A．when I should pay for the course B．where I will take it
C．what the best part of the course is D．how long will I stay in the village
30．（2022·河北邯郸·校考一模）—Jack, can you tell me __________
—Certainly. I’m going to the countryside to visit my grandma.
A．why you will visit your grandma B．when you are leaving for the countryside
C．how you plan to spend your weekend D．who you will go to the countryside with
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