初中英语语法专题之定语从句 课件

(共35张PPT)
Grammar
定语从句
Contents
定语从句
定义
定语从句
关系词
定语从句
主谓一致
定语从句
时态
01
02
03
04
That’s Why You Go Away
You’re the one who set it up.
Now you’re the one to make it stop.
I’m the one who’s feeling lost right now.
Now you want me to forget every little thing you said.
But there is something left in my head.
找出修饰成分
那到底什么是定语从句？
怎么判断这个句子是定语从句？
That Who Which 怎么选？
有没有解题技巧？
01
定语从句的定义
Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage
Do you know anyone who can talk with animals
修饰名词或代词，在复合句中起定语作用的句子
修饰名词
修饰代词
1.1 概念
I have a cute dog.
I have a dog which is cute.
相关链接
1. 先行词：主句中被定语从句所修饰的名词
2. 关系词：本质为定语从句的连接词
1.2 判断标准
主句完整且有名词需要被修饰；整个从句相当于一个形容词（充当定语），修饰主句中的名词
1. Harry Potter is a boy who has magic power. __________
2. He asked why there was so much homework. __________
3. This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. __________
4. After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory. __________
5. Do you know the musician who can play different kinds of music.__________
判断下列句子是什么从句
定从
宾从
定从
状从
定从
02
定语从句的关系词
2.1 关系代词
数量
which
who ≥ whom
that
whose
解题技巧（代入法则）
关系代词（本质为n.）
= 先行词（n.）
语法作用
在定语从句中充当主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语
1. 基本概念
I love the dog you are looking at.
which/that/不填
01 可在定从中作主、宾
I have a dog which is cute.
This is the dog which I bought yesterday.
02 只能用which，不能用that
直接在介词后面
I love the dog you are looking at.
I love the dog at you are looking.
在非限制性定从中
The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
03 作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略
Chengdu is a country (which) I live in.
which/that/不填
which
2. 关系代词讲解
(1)which: 其先行词为“物”
单项选择
1．Finally he reached a lonely island ___________was completely cut off(隔绝) from the outside world.
A．when B．where C．which D．whom
2．Do you know the idea ___________Frankie came up at the meeting this morning
A．which B．where C．that D．with which
3．The Giant Panda Research Centre is the last place ___________Mr. Green is going to visit before he leaves Chengdu.
A．where B．what C．it D．/
0 4
作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略
She is the girl who/ whom / 不填 I often talk with.
0 1
who：在定从中作主、宾
The boy who is reading the book is very clever.
The boy who you looked for has already come.
0 2
whom：在定从中作宾
Do you know the young man who/whom/不填 we met at the gate.
(2)who/whom: 先行词为“人”
0 3
只能用whom的情况：直接在介词后面，只能用whom
I know the girl _______________you talked with.
I know the girl with _______________you talked.
who/whom/不填
whom
单项选择
1．——What do you think of Confucius
——He was an ancient teacher ___________has influenced many people in different countries.
A．what B．which C．who
2．——Could you tell me something about Zheng He
——Sure. He was a Ming Dynasty explorer ____________the Chinese people are proud of.
A．which B．whose C．whom
3．Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from ___________you received gifts
A．which B．them C．that D．whom
4．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ___________she could turn for help.
A．who B．from whom C．that D．to whom
(3) that: 其先行词为“人或物；人和物” （定语从句优选that）
先行词既含人又含物时
She’s talking about the things and persons that she remembered.
先行词all, few, little, much, none, one, , nothing, everything, anything等不定代词
I love everything that you have．
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级或the last, the only, the same, the very等修饰
This is the only apple that I like．
01 可在定从中作主、宾
I have a dog which/that is cute.
Do you know the young man (who/whom/that) we met at the gate.
02 只能用that的情况
03 作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略
单项选择
1．They want to develop a kind of dog food ___________will help dog owners cool down their pets.
A．that B．what C．in which D．whether
2．It seems to me that no reason ___________you gave for your mistake sounds reasonable.
A．what B．why C．whom D．that
3．The hotel ___________they are staying at is very expensive.
A．in which B．that C．whom D．where
4．This is the most interesting place ___________we have ever visited.
A．which B．that C．where D．in which
5．I discovered I couldn’t understand ___________my teacher said in class and wasn’t interested in everything ___________my classmates liked.
A．that; that B．what; what C．what; that
01 whose指人，从句中作定语
I have a friend whose name is Jack.
02 whose指物，从句中作定语
I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
=the name of whom
(4) whose:其先行词为“人”/ “物”
=the windows of which
指物时: whose + 名词= 限定词+ 名词+ of which
指人时: whose + 名词= 限定词+ 名词+ of whom
注意:
单项选择
1． Children who are not active or ___________diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A．what B．whose C．which D．that
2．Frankie is a black teacher ___________sense of humor is remembered by all his students.
A．that B．which C．whose D．what
3．The newly built café, the walls of ___________are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
A．that B．it C．what D．which
先行词 关系词 从句中成分 能否省略
who/that
人
宾
who/that/whom
物
which/that
宾省主不省
主
人/物
whose
定
不可省
可省
主、宾
不可省
选词填空--- that, who, which, whom,“不填”（综合题）
1. Who is the man _____________________ was talking to our teacher
2. Mr. White _____________________ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
3. This is a house _____________________ I want to buy.
4. I dislike someone _____________________ always finds too many excuses.
5. She is a kind girl with _____________________ I would like to talk.
6. Generally, old people like music _____________________ is quiet and gentle.
7. The girl _____________________ you met just now in the street is my friend.
8. This is the school in _____________________ I studied two years ago..
9. He is the man _____________________ is ready to help others.
that
whose
that/which/ 不填
that
whom
that / which
that / who / whom / 不填
which
that / who
词性：adv.
数量 ： ① when ② where ③ why
语法作用：关系副词为副词，必须在定语从句中充当状语
（从句句子结构完整）
2.2 关系副词
1.
基本概念
when 时间
0 1
where 地点
0 2
why 原因
0 3
介词+which/whom
0 4
I still remember the day when I first travelled by plane.
This is the house where we lived last year.
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
Please tell me the reason why she’s crying so badly.
I love the dog at which you’re looking.
He is the person from whom I learn a lot.
2. 关系副词讲解
Is this the museum that/which you has visited
Is this the museum where the exhibition was held
This is the factory where I worked last year.
This is the factory which he works in.
相关链接：关系代词与关系副词的选用技巧
worked不及物动词，结构完,整缺地点状语
in后缺宾
Visited及物动词，后缺宾语
结构完整，缺地点状语
选关系代词
从句缺主宾表定语
选关系副词
从句结构完整， 缺状语语
判断从句所缺成分
单项选择
1．We teachers will never forget the days ___________we spent with our students.
A．when B．which C．on which D．during which
2．We’ll never forget the day in 1997 ___________Hong Kong held a grand ceremony marking the handover from Britain to China.
A．/ B．in which C．from which D．when
3．Beichuan is the place ___________tourists would like to visit when they come to Mianyang.
A．why B．which C．when D．where
4．We also visited the place ___________a cruel battle took place 50 years ago.
A．that B．which C．when D．where
5．The day ___________Jing Haipeng walked in space is a day ___________he will never forget.
A．when; that B．when; when C．that; when D．which; \
填写正确的关系词
1. He still remembers the days ____________ he spent with your family.
2. He has forgotten the day ____________ he arrived.
3. The moon is a world ____________ there is no life.
4. Nobody knows the reason ____________ she didn’t appear.
5. This is the place ____________ I have ever visited.
that/which
when
where
why
that/which
03
定语从句的主谓一致
先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数
The man who works here is my father.
先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数
I like the book which is on the desk.
01
02
3.1 基本原则
Mary is one of the girls who________ from America.
Mary is the one of the girls who_______ from America.
is
are
one of + C复 + 定语从句：从句的谓语动词用复数
the only/very/right one of + C复 + 定语从句：从句的谓语动词用单数
3.2 特殊结构
单项选择
1．She is one of the students who __________read the book.
A．have B．has C．had
2．Miss Yu is the only one of the women teachers ___________from Wenchuan.
A．come B．who comes C．who come D．who coming
04
定语从句的时态
时态一致： 定语从句必须与主句保持时态一致
主句现在→从句现在
主句过去 →从句过去
We went to a restaurant that/which was recommended by many people.
4.1 常规情况
当定从中有明显的时间状语或明显语义时，从句时态与明显的时间状语或语义保持一致
It is a library that/which was built in 2000.
4.2 特殊情况
单项选择
1．Ke Jie, a top Go player, was beaten by AlphaGo in the game which ___________on May 23 in Zhejiang Province.
A．has been held B．was holding C．was held D．held
2．Angie still remembers the excitement when she ___________to host an American exchange student from Gould Academy.
A．chooses B．has been chosen C．chose D．was chosen
3.Tomorrow will be an unforgettable day when I __________my dream after ten years’ hard work.
A．achieves B．have achieved C．will achieve D．are living
4．Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which __________the Pacific, and we met no storms.
A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called
Grammar
Thanks