备战2023年中考英语二轮英语语法专题复习-专题一 名词（含解析）

专题一　名词
五年中考
考点1　名词词义辨析
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2022安徽,24)—I do morning exercises every day. It works my whole body.
—It's a good habit. It helps you keep in good 　　　.
A.time　　　　B.touch
C.health　　　　D.silence
答案　C　根据“do morning exercises every day”可知,每天锻炼身体有助于保持身体健康。故选C。
2.(2022福建,25)—Betty, you'd better follow the doctor's 　　　and do more exercise.
—I will. Thank you.
A.advice　　　　B.agreement
C.information
答案　A　advice建议,agreement 同意,information信息。由语境可知,此处指采纳医生的建议,故选A。
3.(2022湖北武汉,33)—Why do you practice Tai Chi every day
—Because this Chinese form of exercise helps me relax and find my inner(内心的) 　　　.
A.voice　　　　B.quality
C.beauty　　　　D.peace
答案　D　此处表示练太极拳能帮助人们放松,并找到内心的平静。voice声音;quality质量;beauty美丽;peace平静。故选D。
4.(2022江西,21)Which ice cream do you want, Mary You can't have all of them. You have to make a 　　　.
A.wish　　　　B.survey
C.choice　　　　D.call
答案　C　由“You can't have all of them.”可知,你必须做出选择。make a choice为固定短语,意为“做出选择”。故选C。
5.(2022云南,25)Miss Li has lots of teaching 　　　. She has her own ways to make classes lively and interesting.
A.exercise　　　　B.excitement
C.experience　　　　D.environment
答案　C　根据后一句“她有自己的方法使课堂生动有趣。”可推断,此处表示李老师有丰富的教学经验。exercise锻炼;excitement兴奋;experience经验;environment环境。故选C。
6.(2022新疆,28)—I find there are more and more overweight children in our school.
—Exactly, so we should have good eating 　　　.
A.tasks　　　　B.choices　　　　C.grades　　　　D.habits
答案　D　前文说超重的(overweight)孩子越来越多了,故可推断此处说我们要有好的饮食习惯,故选 D。
7.(2021江苏南京,12)Yuan Longping was a world famous scientist. Because of his achievements, rice　　　has been increased greatly.
A.population　　　　B.contribution
C.production　　　　D.introduction
答案　C　population人口;contribution贡献;production生产,产量;introduction引进,引言。根据常识可知,袁隆平是水稻专家,水稻产量因他的研究成果而大幅增加。故选C。
8.(2021云南,29)Hi, Mom is a moving film. It has been on for several months in the 　　　.
A.museum　　　　B.bank
C.library　　　　D.cinema
答案　D　本句中的主语It指代第一句中的电影,既然是电影,自然是在电影院里放映,故选D。
9.(2021江西,21)Your leg looks really bad! I think you should send for a 　 about that.
A.pilot　　　　B.doctor
C.singer　　　　D.postman
答案　B　根据上文可知,腿看起来很糟,需要派人去请医生,故选B。
10.(2021天津,25)His beautiful music has brought 　　　to people all over the world.
A.difficulty　　　　B.pleasure
C.weather　　　　D.danger
答案　B　句意:他优美的音乐给全世界的人带来了快乐。根据句意可知选B。
11.(2021湖北武汉,37)The idiom(成语)“Mengzi's mother makes three moves” tells of a mother who did all she could to provide the best 　　　for her child.
A.experience　　　　B.instruction
C.environment　　　　D.information
答案　C　句意:成语“孟母三迁”讲述了一位母亲竭尽所能为她的孩子提供最好的环境。故选C。
12.(2020湖北黄冈,26)—Why do Chinese people like red
—Because the color red is the 　　　of good luck in China.
A.reason　　　　B.hope　　　　C.dream　　　　D.symbol
答案　D　a/the symbol of是固定词组,表示“……的象征”。故答案为D。reason原因; hope希望; dream梦想;symbol象征。
Ⅱ.单句填空
1.(2022安徽,80)May the whole world be full of p　　　　　 (和平),love,and happiness.
答案　peace　根据汉语提示可知填peace。
2.(2022浙江杭州,61)Jim will be on summer vacation in June and J　　　　　.
答案　July　考查名词。and连接了两个月份,6月和7月,故填July。
3.(2022广西北部湾经济区,76)Can you point out your country on this world (地图)
答案　map　由this可知用单数形式。
4.(2021广西贺州,85)The big house was sold at a high 　　　　　(价格)last year.
答案　price　at a high price以高价。
考点2　名词的数和所有格
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2022重庆A卷,23)This year, the family went camping on 　　　Day, June 1st.
A.Child　　　 　B.Child's
C.Children　　　　D.Children's
答案　D　考查名词所有格。儿童节是所有儿童的节日,应用复数形式children,空后为名词Day,前面要用名词所有格形式,故选D。
2.(2021湖南岳阳,23)We see some 　　　rising into the air at the opening of our new library.
A.balloons 　　　　B.balloon 　　　　C.balloones
答案　A　由空前的some可知应用复数,balloon的复数为balloons,故选A。
3.(2020湖北恩施,22)Wuhan, one of the most important 　　　in China, is famous for the Yellow Crane Tower.
A.cities　　　　B.citys　　　　C.city
答案　A　“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构意为“最……的……之一”。由此可知,此处应用名词的复数形式cities。注意词尾y的变化。故选A。
Ⅱ.单句填空
1.(2022福建,82)People had rebuilt the bridge many　　　　　(time).
答案 times考查名词复数。根据“many”可知用可数名词的复数形式，表达“次，回”用名词“time”。故填times。
2.（2022江苏扬州，50）Working as a team means celebrating　　　　　 （victory） and facing losses together.
答案　victories　根据空后的facing losses可知,此处应填victory的复数形式,指“一起庆祝成功和面对失败”。以辅音字母加y结尾的名词变成复数时,要去y,再加ies。故填victories。
3.(2022山东临沂,41)My 　　　　(grandmother) garden is very nice.
答案　grandmother's　考查名词所有格。此处表示“我奶奶的花园很漂亮”,故填grandmother's。
4.(2021江苏南京,50)Over the years, Gong Bao Chicken has become one of the most popular 　　　　　　(dish) in Chinese restaurants throughout the world.
答案　dishes　此处为“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构,表示“最……的……之一”,所以这里填dish的复数形式dishes。
5.(2021江苏扬州,47)The wallpaper with cartoon patterns is ideal for my　　　(son) room.
答案　son's　设空处与后面名词是所属关系,应用名词所有格形式。故答案为son's。
6.(2021山东临沂,51) In 1920, the 　　　　(world) first three color traffic light was put to use.
答案　world's　本题考查名词所有格。此处表示“世界上的第一个”,故填所有格world's。
考点3　名词的构词法
1.(2022山东临沂,44)When Dave goes back home from school, his dog always greets him at the door with 　　　　　(excite).
答案　excitement　介词with后应用名词构成介词短语with excitement(激动地)。
2.(2022山东烟台,39)Although he majored in chemistry, Huang opened a cube store in Changsha after his 　　　　　(graduate).
答案　graduation　由前面的形容词性物主代词his可知,设空处应用名词,故填graduation。
3.(2021云南,67)As a TV 　　　　　　(report), it's my duty to tell the truth to the public.
答案　reporter　此处表示“电视台记者”,应填reporter。
4.(2021内蒙古包头,70)Chinese New Year is a 　　　　(celebrate) marking the end of winter and the beginning of spring.
答案　celebration　celebrate是动词,空后的现在分词短语作后置定语,由空前的冠词a可知,本空应用名词的单数形式,故答案为celebration。
5.(2020甘肃兰州,98)With the 　　　　　　(develop) of science and technology, life is becoming much easier.
答案　development　with the development of随着……的发展。
三年模拟
A组　基础练
Ⅰ.单项选择
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　
1.(2022天津)Most parents think it is a good 　　　to take a school bus because it's quite safe.
A.risk　　　　B.choice
C.game　　　　D.pity
答案　B　乘坐校车很安全,因此是一个不错的选择,故选B。
2.(2022河北)There's less water for people in nearby 　　　like China, India, and Pakistan.
A.cities　　　　B.countries
C.towns　　　　D.villages
答案　B　由“like China, India, and Pakistan”可知,这里指附近的国家。故答案为B。
3.(2022广西北部湾经济区)—Mary, how about going to the 　　　
—Good idea. We can read lots of books there.
A.cinema　　　　B.library　　　　C.hospital
答案　B　根据答语中lots of books可知,此处说话人在邀请Mary去图书馆。故选B。
4.(2022黑龙江哈尔滨)—China held the Olympics in 2008 and 2022 successfully.
—We take 　　　in our great country.
A.advice　　　　B.price　　　　C.pride
答案　C　由“China held the Olympics in 2008 and 2022 successfully.”可知,此处表示为伟大的祖国感到自豪。take pride in为……感到自豪。故答案为C。
5.(2022湖北荆州模拟)—I hear you have to get up early every morning.
—Right. It's one of the 　　　of my family.
A.hobbies　　　　B.rules
C.games 　　　　D.choices
答案　B　 根据题干情境可知,这里表示“每天早起是一条家规”,故选B。
6.(2022天津红桥区一模)Studying in another country is a different 　　　. You can have a try.
A.tradition　　　　B.difference
C.experience　　　　D.report
答案　C　 在另外一个国家学习是一种不同的体验。tradition传统;difference不同;experience体验;report报告。故选C。
7.(2022重庆渝中区二模) Helen isn't in. Can I take a 　　　for her
A.newspaper　　　　B.magazine
C.message 　　　　D.language
答案　C　 由Helen isn't in.可知,此处表示“带口信”, 故选C。 take a message带口信。
8.(2022天津南开中学模拟)The story reminds us that we should never make a 　　　if we can't keep it.
A.wish　　　　B.choice　　
C.decision　　　　D.promise
答案　D　 根据“if we can't keep it”可推出,若不能信守承诺就不要许诺。故选D。make a promise许诺;keep a promise信守承诺。
9.(2022河北石家庄一模) One 　　　of the book is missing, so I can't learn the whole story.
A.copy　　　　B.page
C.writer　　　　D.reader
答案　B　根据so I can't learn the whole story可知,这本书有一页不见了,因此“我”无法了解整个故事。故选B。
10.(2022江苏南京二模)—Sam always reads for half an hour before bedtime every day.
—That's a good 　　　. Reading makes a full man.
A.habit　　　　B.dream
C.sleep　　　　D.wish
答案　A　根据“Sam always reads for half an hour before bedtime every day.”可知,Sam每天睡觉前总要读半个小时的书。这是一个好习惯。故选A。
Ⅱ.单句填空
1.(2022广西北部湾经济区)People like to fly kites in 　　　　(三月).
答案　March　注意月份是专有名词,首字母要大写。
2.(2022浙江杭州)B　　　　　 is the color of the sky on a sunny day.
答案　Blue　考查名词。根据the color of the sky on a sunny day可知,表示蓝色,故填Blue。
3.(2022湖北荆州一模)Watching 　　　(mouse) was fun and helped me forget about my troubles.
答案　mice　 mouse是可数名词,根据mouse前没有冠词可知此处用复数形式,mouse的复数形式是mice。故填mice。
4.(2022云南昆明联考)My parents called the 　　　　　　(policeman), but they couldn't find anything strange.
答案　policemen　 根据空后的“they”可知,policeman应使用复数形式。故填policemen。
5.(2020甘肃)It's about one 　　　　　　(hour) bus ride from my home to the airport.
答案　hour's　one hour's bus ride乘坐公共汽车一个小时的车程。这里hour作定语,应用所有格。故填hour's。
6.(2021辽宁大连一模)After the 　　　　　　(invent) of paper, people started to write on paper to make books.
答案　invention　 定冠词the与介词of之间需填名词。故填invention。
7.(2022湖南长沙联考)The dogs could sense the objects from a distance,but humans couldn't feel the　　　　　　(warm) of the object until they touched it.
答案　warmth　此处指“人类触摸物体时才能感知它的温度”。the warmth of the object“物体的温度”。故填warmth。
B组　提升练
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2022江苏南通启东一模)Her smile always makes me feel warm and lively. It seems to have 　　　.
A.answer　　　　B.secret
C.magic　　　　D.agreement
答案　C 　根据makes me feel warm and lively可知,微笑有神奇的魔力。故选C。answer回答;secret秘密;magic魔法,魔力;agreement协议,一致。
2.(2022四川成都二模)—How did you fix up the broken bicycle, Jack
—It's easy. I just followed the　　　.
A.instructions　　　　B.interviews
C.instruments
答案　A　 由How did you fix up及It's easy. I just followed可知,是按说明书上做的,故选A。instruction用法说明,常用复数; interview访谈; instrument 仪器。follow the instructions按照操作说明。
3.(2022广西贵港二模)—What is the 　　　of the basketball match between Class 3 and Class 4
—It was 56-42. Class 3 won the game.
A.result　　　　B.place
C.advice 　　　　D.coach
答案　A　 根据“It was 56-42. Class 3 won the game.”可知,此处指比赛结果。故选A。
4.(2022江苏苏州模拟)The 　　　on Jack's face showed that he was surprised at the news.
A.secret　　　　B.form
C.expression　　　　D.sense
答案　C　根据on Jack's face和showed that he was surprised 可知,杰克脸上的表情表明他很惊讶。故选C。secret秘密;form形式;expression表情;sense感觉。
5.(2022广西北海一模)—As we all know, a thousand mile journey begins with the first 　　　.
—Yes, let's get started now!
A.try　　　　B.day　　　　C.step
答案　C　此处是谚语“千里之行,始于足下”,故选C。
6.(2022浙江温州二模)The little girl has such a good 　　　that she can keep the names of all her classmates in mind on the first day at school.
A.experience　　　　B.suggestion
C.collection　　　　D.memory
答案　D　根据“she can keep the names of all her classmates in mind on the first day at school”可知,这个小女孩的记忆力很好,故选D。experience经历;suggestion建议;collection收藏品;memory记忆力。
7.(2022云南昆明一模)—China has won a “complete victory” in its fight against poverty(脱贫攻坚).
—Exactly. Great 　　　have taken place in my hometown.
A.ways　　　　B.habits
C.results　　　　D.changes
答案　D　根据China has won a “complete victory” in its fight against poverty.可知,中国在脱贫攻坚战中取得了全面胜利。由此可知家乡发生了巨大变化。故选D。
8.(2022河北重点中学联考)The Great Wall is the 　　　of China. Many foreigners come to visit it every year.
A.pride　　　　B.praise
C.courage　　　　D.effort
答案　A　根据“Many foreigners come to visit it every year.”可知,长城是中国的骄傲。故选A。 pride骄傲;praise赞美,表扬;courage勇气;effort努力。
9.(2022福建)And with the 　　　of a bodybuilding trainer, she trained hard and soon found herself on stage(舞台) performing—as a bodybuilder.
A.help　　　　B.need　　　　C.promise
答案　A　此处指在教练的帮助下。故选A。with the help of 在……的帮助下。
10.(2022江苏扬州)We youths do our best for our dreams and together a small success can give us a sense of 　　　.
A.achievement　　　　B.department
C.treatment　　　　D.entertainment
答案　A　achievement成就;department部门;treatment治疗,对待;entertainment娱乐。根据题干中的success可知,应是给我们成就感。故选A。
Ⅱ.单句填空
1.(2022江苏扬州一模)Would you please write down all the 　　　　　　(顾客) names and numbers so that we can contact them
答案　customers'　根据中文提示“顾客”可知,是填名词customer的适当形式。这里修饰名词复数names and numbers,用复数customers的所有格,故填customers'。
2.(2022河北石家庄一模)So she asked students who had 　　　　　　(difficult) in English to go to her office. She helped us little by little.
答案　difficulty　have difficulty in sth.在某方面有困难。故填difficulty。
3.(2022湖南长沙联考)After a few 　　　　　　(year), the forest manor (庄园) that everyone thought had disappeared came to life again.
答案　years　year为可数名词,该空前有a few,故应填复数形式years。
4.(2022江苏苏州)Suzhou is very attractive with different kinds of ancient 　　　　　　(桥).
答案　bridges　“桥”用bridge来表示,由前面的“different kinds of”可知,名词应用复数形式。故答案为bridges。
5.(2022江苏南京二模)The two sides are unable to reach an 　　　　　　(agree). They need further discussion.
答案　agreement　agree作动词,意为“同意”;分析句子成分可知这里应填名词,用agree的名词形式agreement,空前有“an”,因此agreement用单数。故填agreement。
6.(2022江苏无锡一模) Daniel finally made his dream of becoming an 　　(invent) come true.
答案　inventor　根据空格前的不定冠词an可知,此空应填名词。invent的名词有两种形式:invention指“发明,创意”;inventor指“发明家,发明者”。此空填inventor,指他想成为一名发明家的梦想终于实现了。
7.(2021上海普陀区二模)Zak is a friendly neighbour and he treats others
with (kind).
答案　kindness　此处在with后作宾语,应用名词形式,故填kindness。treat others with kindness善待他人。