人教版 高考英语语法专项课件 主谓一致 课件(52页PPT)

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名称 人教版 高考英语语法专项课件 主谓一致 课件(52页PPT)
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科目 英语
更新时间 2023-02-15 16:35:49

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(共52张PPT)
主谓一致
【备考2023】高考专项语法
目录
目录contents
1.语法一致原则
2.意义一致原则
3.就近一致原则
4.练习
主谓一致
主谓一致指主语和谓语保持一致,即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语人称和数的变化而变化。主谓一致一般要遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。当这三个原则发生矛盾和冲突时,意义一致为优先考虑的原则。
语法一致原则
1.语法一致原则
语法一致原则
指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。
语法一致原则
(1)表示时间、金额、距离、体积、重量、面积、数量的词组作主语时通常将其视为整体
(1)
1.谓语动词用单数形式的情况
1
eg:Two thousand miles is a long distance.
两千英里是一段很长的距离。
(1)
语法一致原则
eg:The United States is leading the world in science and technology.美国引领世界科技。
(2)
(2)国家、人名、机构、事件、作品等专有名词作主语时
(2)
语法一致原则
eg:Everyone involved in the accident has been questioned by the police.这场事故牵涉到的每个人都被警察质问过了。
(3)
(3)不定代词one,every,each,everybody,everyone, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, either, somebody,neither 等作主语或修饰主语时
(3)
语法一致原则
eg:Swimming in the sea during summer holidays is great fum.暑假在海里游泳是极大的乐趣。
(4)
(4)非谓语动词作主语时
(4)
eg:To read English aloud everymorming does you a lor
of good.每天早晨大声朗读英语有许多好处。
(4)
语法一致原则
eg:only man knows how to cook.只有人类懂得烹饪。
(5)
(5)man(人类),the world(世界上的人,人类)主语时
(5)
eg:All the world knows that the earth is round.
世界上的人都知道地球是圆的。
(5)
语法一致原则
尽管意义上表示的是复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式;但“more+可数名词复数+than one”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
(6)
(6)many a..., more than one...作主语时
(6)
eg:Many a singer has donated lots of money to the
disaster area.许多歌手已为受灾地区捐款。
(6)
语法一致原则
eg:More students than one have read the book.
不止一个学生读过这本书。
(6)
eg:More than one person has made the suggestion.
不止一人提过这个建议。
(6)
语法一致原则
eg:One and a half bananas is left on the table.
桌子上还剩一个半香蕉。
(7)
(7)表示数量的“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时
(7)
语法一致原则
eg:A student or two has failed the exam.
一两个学生考试不及格。
(8)
(8)“a/an+可数名词单数+or two”作主语时
(8)
eg:A student or two has failed the exam.
一两个学生考试不及格。
(8)
(8)“a/an+可数名词单数+or two”作主语时
(8)
语法一致原则
eg:A student or two has failed the exam.
一两个学生考试不及格。
(8)
(8)“a/an+可数名词单数+or two”作主语时
(8)
eg:One or two students were planting trees yesterday
afternoon,昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。
(8)
【拓展】
“one or two+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
(8)
语法一致原则
eg:The police are searching for the murderer in town.
警察正在镇里搜寻杀人犯。
eg:Several people have volunteered to go.有几个人已自愿前往。eg:Both of us are fond of watching football games.
我们俩都喜欢看足球赛。
(1)集体名词people,cattle,police等作主语时
(2)several,both,few,many等修饰可数名词作主语或自身作主语时
2.谓语动词用复数形式的情况
语法一致原则
eg:The Niagara Falls are splendid waterfalls.
尼亚加拉大瀑布是壮观的瀑布。
eg:The Himalayas extend along the border of India and China.喜马拉雅山脉一直延伸到中印边界
常见的有:the Chinese,the British,the French,the Dutch,the Swedish等。
eg:The Chinese are a hard-working people.
中华民族是一个勤劳的民族。
(3)以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛、瀑布等专有名词作主语时
(4)以-sh,-ch和-ese等结尾的表示“国家的,民族的”形容词与the连用时
2.谓语动词用复数形式的情况
语法一致原则
3.谓语动词变化的特殊情况
(1) a lot of, most of, any of, half of, some of, the rest of,all of,“分数/百分数+of”等后接名词作主语时,谓语动词由 of后面的名词来确定
eg:Three fourths of the teachers support the plan.
四分之三的老师支持这个计划。
eg:Some of the books about investment fund have been published recently.
最近出版了一些关于投资基金的书籍。
(2) a quantity(of), an amount(of),(large) quantities (of), amounts(of)作主语或修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词根据 quantity和amount的单复数形式而定
eg:Quantities of nuts are on the table.大量的坚果放在桌子上。
eg:A quantity of story books has been bought for the children.为孩子们买了大量的故事书。
语法一致原则
3.谓语动词变化的特殊情况
(3) “the majority of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;the majority 单独作主语时,谓语动词用单复数形式均可
eg:The majority of boys like basketball.大多数男孩喜欢篮球。
eg:The majority was/were in favor of banning smoking. 大多数人支持禁烟。
(4)“a/this/that kind of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“复数名词+of this kind”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式
eg:This kind of apples is highly priced. (=Apples of this kind are highly priced.)这种苹果定价很高。
语法一致原则
3.谓语动词变化的特殊情况
(5)量词修饰由相对应的两部分组成的名词作主语
①由两个对应部分组成一体的可数名词复数如trousers, pants,shoes,glasses,scissors等作主语时,前面若无a pair of, a suit of, a set of,a series of,a piece of等这类的单位词,通常作复数用,谓语动词用复数形式。若带有单位词,则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
eg:My blue trousers have worn out.
我的蓝裤子已经穿破了。
eg:The two pairs of scissors are made in Hangzhou. 这两把剪刀是杭州制造的。
②用 pile,mountain,row, mass,cup,basket, box,pack,packet,parcel等特殊量词修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词根据修饰语的单复数形式而定。
eg:A row of willows is lined on one side of the river.
一排柳树长在河的一岸。
eg:Masses of work are to be done to welcome the New Year.为了迎接新年,我们还有很多工作要做。
语法一致原则
3.谓语动词变化的特殊情况
(6)算式作主语时两数相减、相除,谓语动词用单数 形式;两数相加、相乘,谓语动词用单复数形式均可
eg:Eight minus three is/makes/equals five.8减3等于5。
eg:Five times six are /is/make(s)/equal(s) thirty.
5乘以6等于30。
(7)定语从句中的关系代词作主语时,从句谓语动词 形式取决于先行词。当先行词是“one of+复数名词”时,从句谓语动词用复数形式;当先行词是“the only one of +复数名词”时,从句谓语动词用单数形式
eg:We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.我们看到了废弃的农场, 这些农场是100多年前建成的。
eg:This is one of the poems that are written by her. 这是她写的所有的诗中的一首。
eg: He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 他是我的朋友中唯一一个努力工作的。only one指代the
语法一致原则
3.谓语动词变化的特殊情况
(8)主语后有but,except, besides, as well as, along with, as much as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather than,with,together with 等词或短语时,谓语动词与主语保持一致
eg:Nobody but Jim and Mike was in the classroom just now.刚才除了吉姆和迈克外没有人在教室里。
eg:The basketball coach, as well as his team,was interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.这个篮球教练和他的球队因为表现出色,在赛后不久就接受了采访。
意义一致原则
2.意义一致原则
意义一致原则
意义一致原则指从意义着手来处理主谓一致问题。有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,那么谓语动词根据意义也用复数形式;而有时主语形式为复数,但意义为单数,那么谓语动词根据意义应用单数形式。
意义一致原则
1.and 连接两个并列成分作主语时
1
2
3
若主语指不同的人或事物,谓语动词用复数形式;
若主语指同一个人或事物,谓语动词用单数形式。
eg:Her teacher and her friend are in the sitting room.主语指两个人
她的老师和朋友都在客厅。
eg:The singer and dancer is singing on the stage.主语指一个人
那位歌手兼舞蹈演员正在舞台上唱歌。
意义一致原则
【拓展】
1
2
3
and连接的两个并列主语前有each,every,no,
manya修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。
eg:Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much,许多老师和学生很喜欢这本书
eg:No boy and no girl was absent.没有一个孩子缺席。
意义一致原则
【拓展】
1
2
3
以下由and连接的名词表示同一概念,谓语动词
用单数形式。
eg:a knife and fork一副刀叉
eg:a cup and saucer
-套茶盘
eg:war and peace
战争与和平
eg:a needle and thread 针线
意义一致原则
2.“the+形容词”作主语时
表示抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式;表示一类人,谓语动词用复数形式。
eg:The new is sure to take place of the old.新生事物一定会代替旧事物。
eg:The old are taken good care of in the village.
在村子里,老人受到了很好的照顾。
意义一致原则
3.集体名词作主语时
这类集体名词常见的有 army,audience,class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, public,staff,team等。
2
若视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若侧重其中的个体成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
1
有些集体名词,如cattle,people,police一般总看成复数。
3
意义一致原则
3.集体名词作主语时
eg:The family is the tiniest cell of the society.
整体家庭是社会最小的细胞。
2
eg:The family are all fond of football. 那一家人都喜欢足球。
1
eg:The police are after a robber. 警察正在追捕一名盗贼。
3
意义一致原则
4.population 作主语时
若指人口,谓语动词用单数形式;若前面有分数或百分数,则指一个国家或地区的全体居民,谓语动词用单复数形式均可。
eg:The population of Canada is about 29 million.
加拿大的人口约为2900万。
eg:Just under a third of the population now smokes/smoke in this country.
在这个国家,目前吸烟人数不到总人口的1/3。
population作主语
例句
意义一致原则
5.none作主语时
指代可数名词,谓语动词用单复数形式均可;指代不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。“neither/either of+复数名词或复数形式的代词”作主语,谓语动词用单复数形式均可。
eg:None of the students is/are interested in this book.
没有学生对这本书感兴趣。
eg:None of the water is left.水一点儿也没剩。
eg:Neither of them has/have locked the door.
他们两个谁也没有锁门。
意义一致原则
6. “the/a number of+名词”作主语时
1
2
3
“the number of+名词”表示“……的数量”,谓语动词用单数形式;“a number of+名词”表示“许多·.....”,谓语动词用复数形式。
eg:The number of homeless people has increased dramatically.
无家可归的人数急剧增加。
eg:A large number of people have applied for the job.
许多人申请了这份工作。
意义一致原则
7.“an/the average of+复数名词”作主语时
“an average of+复数名词”意为“平均有·.....”,谓语动词用复数形式;“the average of+复数名词”意为“·..···的平均数”,谓语动词用单数形式。
eg:An average of 3,000 people come to visit this small town every year.每年平均有3000人来这个小镇参观。
eg:The average of 2 and 8 is 5. 2与8的平均数是5。
意义一致原则
8.单复数同形的名词作主语时
eg:This means of transport was tried.
这种运输方式试过了。
2
有些名词,如means(方法),works(工厂),sheep,deer的单复数同形,谓语动词根据其表达的意思来定。
1
eg:All possible means have been tried to save the girl.
为了救这个女孩所有可能的方法都已经尝试过了。
3
意义一致原则
9.what引导主语从句时
主句谓语动词取决于主语从句指代的意义。
eg:What is interesting is that the other largest city was Rome.有意思的是另一个最大的城市是罗马。
eg:What we badly need are doctors. 我们急需的是医生。
意义一致原则
【拓展】
由and连接的两个名词性从句作主语,若表两件事情,谓语动词常用复数形式。但 how and why与 when and where 引导的从句作主语,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
eg:What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.造成事故的原因,谁应对事故负责对我们仍是个谜。
eg:How and why he came to this city is a story of struggle and success.他如何及为什么来到这个城市是一个充满奋斗和成功的故事
就近一致原则
3.就近一致原则
就近一致原则
指谓语动词的变化与最靠近的主语保持一致。
就近一致原则
1. 由or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only...but also...,not...but...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词由最近的主语而定
eg:Either he or I am right.不是他对就是我对。
就近一致原则
2.在There/Here be句型中有并列主语时,谓语动词和最近的主语保持一致
eg:Here goes the song again.又唱起了这首歌。
就近一致原则
3.倒装句中,谓语动词与后面的主语保持一致
eg:Gone are the days when we worked together,laughed together.我们一起工作、欢笑的日子一法不复返了。
PRACTICE
4. 练习
语法填空
01
03
02
04
Youth,however, _____ (come and go) in a moment of doze.
Deer _____ (be)found throughout the world, except in Africa and Australia.
What make the river more beautiful _____ (be)the lotus plants growing in the river.
What we have just described _____ (be) important to all of us.
语法填空
05
07
06
08
One-third of the country _____ (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _____ (be) black people.
My sister, as well as her classmates who _____ (be) late for class,_____ (be) criticized by Mr Hunt.
He says even though she _____ (have) a tough road, she doesn't lose her public spirit.
Air and water pollution _____ (be)becoming more and more serious.
语法填空
09
11
10
12
Either of the young ladies _____ (be) perfectly qualified to teach English and French.
The youth of the country _____ (be) ready to work hard.
Recently, a new species of butterfly _____ (be) found.
The quickest means of travel _____ (be) by plane.
语法填空
13
15
14
16
Jane is one of those people who _____ (go)out of their way to be helpful.
He is the only one of those boys who_____ (be) willing to take on an additional assignment.
The tax situation for women _____ (be) very unfair in many countries.
Around Christmas time there _____(be) only one hour of daylight in sweden.
答案
01
03
02
04
comes and goes
【解析】youth意为“青春”,表示抽象意义,是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。
are
【解析】deer单复数同形,在此表示复数意义,故谓语动词用复数。
are
【解析】what所指的是后面的复数名词 the lotus plants,故谓语动词用复数。
is
【解析】what 在此指代抽象意义,故谓语动词用单数。
答案
05
07
06
08
is;are 【解析】“国家三分之一的领土”在概念上是单数,故用单数is;而“国家的大多数公民”是复数, 故用are。
were;was
【解析】先行词classmates为复数名词,故谓语动词要用 were; as well as 连接的两个名词作主语时谓语动词要与第一个取得一致,因此第二个设空处要用单数形式was。
has
【解析】讲述现在的事情,用一般现在时;主语是she,故用 has。
is
【解析】句子的主语是 pollution,air and water 作 pollution 的定语,故用is。
答案
09
11
10
12
is
【解析】either是句子的主句,谓语动词用单数形式。
are
【解析】the youth表示一个群体,谓语动词用复数。
has been
【解析】a species of...作句子主语时,谓语动词用单数。
is
【解析】means在此表示“方式”,是复数形式但表示单数意义,故谓语动词用单数。
答案
13
15
14
16
go
【解析】先行词是“one of+复数名词”时,从句的谓语动词用复数形式。
is
【解析】关系代词作主语,先行词是“the only one of+复数名词”时,从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
is
【解析】讲述客观情况用一般现在时,主语是the taxsituation,故be动词用is。
is
【解析】本句用一般现在时态,there be句式中的be动词与其后的名词one hour一致,故填is。
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