备战2023年中考英语二轮英语语法专题复习-专题十二 简单句（含解析）

专题十二　简单句
五年中考
考点1　疑问句
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　
1.(2022福建,27)—　　　 have you been a member of the Helpers' Club
—For two years.
A. How soon
B. How long
C. How often
答案　B　根据答语“For two years.”可知,询问的是一段时间,用how long, 故选B。
2.(2022江苏扬州,5)—Tell me, Grandma.　　　 is your favourite person in the whole wide world
—That's easy! It's you!
A.What　　　　B.Who
C.How　　　　D.Whom
答案　B　根据回答中的“It's you!”可知,此题填疑问词Who,询问“在全世界,谁是你最喜欢的人 ”,故选B。
3.(2022云南,29)—　　　 is it from your home to school, Alice
—About fifteen minutes' walk.
A.How often　　　　B.How far
C.How many　　　　D.How much
答案　B　根据答句About fifteen minutes' walk.可知,此处询问距离。故选B。
4.(2022北京,5)—　　　 will Liu Yang stay in the space station this time
—For six months.
A.How long　　　　B.How often
C.How much　　　　D.How soon
答案　A　句意:——这次刘洋会在太空站待多久 ——六个月。答语是一段时间,所以要用how long来提问,因此选A。
5.(2021北京,3)—　　　 shall we meet for the picnic
—At the school gate.　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　
A.How　　　　B.When
C.Why　　　　D.Where
答案　D　句意:——我们在哪里见面去野餐 ——在学校门口。本题考查疑问副词用法。答句回答的是地点,由此可知问句是在问“在哪里”,故选D。
6.(2021福建,26)—　　　 do you play sports, Ella
—Every day. It's necessary for us to play sports an hour a day at school.
A.How much　　　　B.How often
C.How long
答案　B　句意:——你多久运动一次,埃拉 ——每天都运动。我们有必要每天在学校运动一小时。本题考查特殊疑问词组。how much多少,多少钱;how often 多久一次;how long多长时间。由答语“Every day.”可知,问句问的是做运动的频率。故答案为B。
考点2　感叹句和祈使句
Ⅰ.单项选择
　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　
1.(2022海南,36)— 　　　beautiful poem Happy Rain on a Spring Night is!
—So it is! Du Fu showed his care for farmers in the poem.
A.How　　　　B.What a　　　　C.What
答案　B　考查感叹句。中心词“poem”是名词,用what引导,可排除A选项;且“poem”是名词单数形式,需用“a”修饰,符合“What+a+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓”结构。故选B。
2.(2022重庆A卷,27)　　　a fresh spring morning it is!
A.Who　　　　B.Why
C.What　　　　D.How
答案　C　考查感叹句。根据感叹句的结构“What + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”可知,答案选C。
3.(2021青海,29)—Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, passed away on May 22.
—　　　 sad news! His death is a huge loss for our country.
A.How　　　　B.What a　　　　C.What
答案　C　考查感叹句。中心词为news,且news是不可数名词,故答案选C。
4.(2021黑龙江绥化,24)　　　 it over, and you will be able to work out the problem.
A.Thinking　　　　B.To think　　　　C.Think
答案　C　本题考查祈使句。表肯定意义的祈使句以动词原形开头。故答案选择C。
Ⅱ.单句填空
1.(2021浙江金华,69)　　　　　 a pity it is that he can't continue his dream now!
答案　What　本题考查感叹句。根据感叹句的结构“What+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!”可知答案为What。
2.(2020湖南常德,44)　　　　　 a clever boy he is!
答案　What　句意:他是个多么聪明的男孩啊!本题考查感叹句。根据感叹句结构“What(+a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语!”及中心词boy为可数名词单数可知答案为What。
三年模拟
A组　基础练
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　
1.(2021江苏盐城一模)—　　　 is it from your home to the bank
—About ten minutes' walk.
A.How often　　　　B.How far
C.How long　　　　D.How much
答案　B　how often多久一次;how far多远;how long多长时间;how much多少/多少钱。根据答语可知,询问的是距离有多远,故选B。
2.(2022四川成都二模)Nearly 　　　of the people in India 　　　under the age of 40.
A.three fourth;is
B.three fourths;are
C.three fourths;is
答案　B　四分之三是three fourths;当分数作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定,the people in India是复数概念,因此be动词用are。故选B。
3.(2022四川成都二模)The youth is the future of our country. 　　　important it is for them to be creative!
A.How　　　　B.What　　　　C.What an
答案　A　此处是how引导的感叹句:How+形容词+主语+谓语。故选A。
4.(2022辽宁抚顺二模) 　　　touching TV play “A Lifelong Journey”(《人世间》) is!
A.What　　　　B.What a
C.How　　　　D.How a
答案　B　本题考查what引导的感叹句:What(+a/an)+形容词+名词。由于TV play是单数,且touching以辅音音素开头,所以what后要有a。故选B。
5.(2022湖北黄冈、孝感、咸宁模拟)—Which do you prefer, tea or coffee
—Either. 　　　tea 　　　coffee are my favorite.
A.Not only;but also 　　　　B.Both;and
C.Neither;nor　　　　D.Either;or
答案　B　由谓语动词are可知,用both...and...连接并列主语,故选B。
6.(2021上海黄浦区二模)Keeping large animals as pets in a small house 　　cruel.
A.be　　　　B.is
C.am　　　　D.are
答案　B　考查主谓一致。此句为动名词短语作主语,be动词要用is,故选B。
7.(2022江苏无锡一模)—Mary, it's time for you to go to bed. 　　　are you waiting for
—A goodnight kiss as usual, Mom.
A.When　　　　B.What
C.Where　　　　D.Who
答案　B　本题考查特殊疑问句。根据答语A goodnight kiss 可知,妈妈问玛丽在等什么,故选B。
8.(2022江苏苏州模拟)—Cindy, 　　　out the rubbish when you leave. And I'll do the dishes.
—OK, Dad.
A.take　　　　B.takes
C.took　　　　D.to take
答案　A　本题考查祈使句。祈使句直接以动词原形开头。故选A。
9.(2022江苏泰州模拟)—The athlete's already been back to England, 　　　he
—　　　. He is still on a visit to Shanghai.
A.hasn't;No 　　　　B.hasn't;Yes
C.isn't;Yes　　　　D.isn't;No
答案　A　根据already been back可知,The athlete's=The athlete has,所以排除C、D两项;根据答语He is still on a visit to Shanghai.可知,他还没有回到英国,所以应回答No。故选A。
10.(2022江苏苏州模拟)—Wow, 　　　useful and fashionable HUAWEI P50 Pro you have bought!
—Yes, it is a great help to me. 　　　I must say it also cost me a lot.
A.what an;And　　　　B.what a;But
C.what a;And　　　　D.how;But
答案　B　本题考查感叹句和并列连词。HUAWEI P50 Pro是指手机,是单数,所以用what引导感叹句,useful是以辅音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词a,排除A和D选项。第二个空后表示“我必须说它也花了我很多钱”,和上文为转折关系,故选B。
11.(2021云南昆明)—A nice T shirt!　　　is it
—It's 50 yuan.
A.How long　　　　B.How far
C.How much　　　　D.How old
答案　C　how much多少钱;how long多长时间;how far多远;how old (年纪)多大。根据答语“It's 50 yuan.”可知,此处应该提问“它多少钱 ”。
知识拓展:how long提问,回答用for+一段时间;how soon 提问,回答用in+一段时间;how often提问,回答用表示频率的副词或词组,如three times a day, every day, seldom, always等。
12.(2020海南)—　　　 is it from Haikou to Sanya
—It's about three hours' drive.
How soon　　B. How long　　C. How far
答案　C　句意:——从海口到三亚有多远 ——大约三小时的车程。根据答语It's about three hours' drive.可知,这里问的是距离。故选C。
B组　提升练
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2022四川成都二模)—Chinese athletes won 9 gold medals in the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.
—　　　 exciting news it is!
What　　B. What an　　C. How
答案　A　news为不可数名词,此处为“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语”结构。故选A。
2.(2022北京海淀区一模)—　　　 do you play basketball with your classmates, David
—Twice a week.
A.How often　　　　B.How long
C.How soon 　　　　D.How far
答案　A　由答语Twice a week.可知,是对频率提问。故选A。
3.(2022江苏苏州二模)—　　　 is it from our school to the Century Park
—About half an hour's bus ride. Shall we go and visit it
A.How long　　　　B.How often
C.How fast　　　　D.How far
答案　D　由答语About half an hour's bus ride.(坐公交车大约半个小时的路程)可知询问的是距离有多远。故选D。how long多长时间;how often多久一次;how fast多快;how far多远。
4.(2022云南昆明一模)　　　 people like shopping online, and about five sixths of them 　　　adults.
A. The number of; is　　　　B.A number of; is
C. The number of; are　　　　D.A number of; are
答案　D　the number of...……的数量;a number of...许多……。当分数作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定,这里them是复数,因此be动词用are,故选D。
5.(2022北京朝阳区一模)—　　　 do you usually get to school, Jim
—By bus.
A. When　　　　B. Where
C. Why 　　　　D. How
答案　D　由答语By bus.可知应用how 提问交通方式。故选D。
6.(2022江苏南京二模)　　　 great fun it is to pay a visit to the Science and Technology Museum at weekends!
A.How　　　　B.What
C.What a　　　　D.What an
答案　B　由“!”可知此题考查感叹句,fun是不可数名词,此处是“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语”结构。故选B。
7.(2021云南昆明一模)—I remember meeting you in Grade 7.
—　　　 sweet memories! I will never forget my school life.
A.How　　　　B.What
C.What a　　　　D.What an
答案　B　考查感叹句。根据空格后的“adj.+n.”可知,本题应由what引导感叹句;又因为memories为名词复数,不能用a/an,故选B项。
8.(2022江苏淮安二模) 　　　fast to your dreams, for if dreams die, life is like a broken winged bird that can never fly.
A.Hold　　　　B.To hold
C.Held　　　　D.Holding
答案　A　本题考查祈使句。此处用祈使句表达建议,以动词原形开头。故选A项。
9.(2022陕西榆林模拟) I drove in silence to the address she had given me. There 　　　people waiting for her and they put her in a wheelchair.
A.was　　　　B.is
C.are　　　　D.were
答案　D　本句是There be句型,时态是一般过去时,主语“people”是复数,故选D。
10.(2022江苏徐州一模)—　　　the population of Jiangsu Province
—More than 85 million. It is the fourth largest province in China.
A.How many is　　　　B.How much is
C.What is　　　　 D.What are
答案　C　本题考查特殊疑问句。询问人口句型:What is the population of.../How many people are there in...。此处为第一种句型。故选C。
Ⅱ.单句填空
1.(2022湖南长沙模拟) Why are they still short of water Here 　　　　(be) some reasons.
答案　are　本题考查主谓一致。由前句are可知,本句用一般现在时。空后some reasons是复数,故填are。
2.(2022江苏南京二模)Before you give up the job, 　　　　(consider) what your family will think about it.
答案　consider　此处是祈使句,用动词原形,故填consider。
3.(2022辽宁沈阳一模)There 　　　　　　(be) less land for growing food in the future.
答案　will be　由时间状语in the future 可知,用there be句型的一般将来时there will be。故填will be。
4.(2022江苏泰州二模)　　　　(make) sure there are no mistakes in your paper and you can hand it in.
答案　Make　本句是祈使句,应以动词原形开头。故填Make。