专题14 被动语态---备考2023中考英语二轮高频考点剖析学案 课件(共39张PPT)

(共39张PPT)
被动语态
一、概念与构成
语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
主动语态：执行者+动词+承受者
We clean our classroom every day.
被动语态：承受者+be动词+过去分词
主动语态和被动语态的区别？
Our classroom is cleaned by us every day.
方式 时间 一般 进行 完成
现在时
过去时
将来时
am/is/are + done
was/were + done
will/ shall/
be going to /
be+ done
am/is/are +
being done
was/were+
being done
have/has
+been done
had
+been done
含有情态动词
情态动词+be done
被动语态中，be动词就当动词去用
它的原形是________.
它的ing形式是________.
它的过去分词_________.
be
being
been
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
现在完成时
过去进行时
含情态动词的一般现在时
以下被动语态分别属于什么时态？
一般现在时的被动语态
【历年真题】
In order to make our hometown more beautiful, trees _______ around the city every year.
plant B. are planted C. will plant
2. Soft drinks _______ to children for free in some restaurants on Children’s Day.
offer B. have offered
C. are offered D. will be offered
一般过去时的被动语态
【历年真题】
--Hey, Molly. You ______ on the phone just now. But you weren’t here and the man left a phone number.
--Oh I was in the library.
wanted B. are wanted
C. were wanted D. have wanted
2. There was a big earthquake in Japan, but luckily many people ______ .
A. save B. saved C. are saved D. were saved
一般将来时的被动语态
一般将来时的被动语态
【历年真题】
More money _______ when we use both sides of paper.
will save B. was saved
C. has saved D. will be saved
2. The radio says a wild animal zoo is going to _____ in our city.
be built B. built
C. build D. be building
现在进行时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态
No decision _____ about that matter yet. We are still considering it.
has been made B. has made
C. will be made D. will make
【历年真题】
过去完成时的被动语态
过去进行时的被动语态
过去将来时的被动语态
过去将来时的被动语态
含有情态动词的被动语态
--It’s difficult for village children to cross the river to school.
-- I think a bridge _____ over the river.
should be built B. will build
is built D. was built
2. –How often do I need to feed the birds
-- They ______ food every day, or they will be hungry.
must give B. mustn’t give
C. must be given D. mustn’t be given
【历年真题】
二、被动语态的用法
·不知道谁是动作的执行者时
·没必要说，不想说或动作的执行者众所周知时
·强调动作的承受者时
·句子结构需要时
The glass was broken yesterday.
The machine is made in China.
The sick girl is being taken care of.
The plan was supported by those who lived far away from the factory.
哪些结构经常用作被动？
It is said that his child is lost.
It is reported that china has won 38 gold medals in
London Olympics.
3. It is believed that reading increases our knowledge.
4. It is hoped that you can be present at the meeting.
5. It is well-known that the earth is not round.
6. It is thought that babies can hear music before they are born.
据说
据报道
人们相信
人们希望
众所周知
人们认为
哪些结构经常用作被动？
He is supposed to be here, but he isn’t .The boss is angry.
These trees need to be watered every day.
The trip had to be put off because of the bad weather.
应该，应当
need to be done:某件事需要被做
have to be done某件事不得不被做
三、主动语态转换被动语态
step one：将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语
step two：将谓语动词由主动形式改为被动形式：be+过去分词
step three：将主动句的主语改为被动句中介词by的宾语（by短语有时可以省去）
We plant many trees every year.(主动)
Many trees are planted by us every year.(被动)
My students always share ideas in class.
Ideas ______ always _______ by my students in class.
2. His parents didn’t catch his words at once.
His words _______ _______ by his parents at once.
3. The University will invite many graduates to celebrate its 100th birthday.
Many graduates will ________ ________ by the University to celebrate its 100th birthday.
【历年真题】
are
shared
weren’t
caught
be
invited
双宾结构变被动
She gave me a book.
= A book was given to me by her.
= I was given a book by her.
在双宾结构中，直接宾语和间接宾语都可以作为主语，如果把直接宾语变成主语，间接宾语前仍然需要介词to , for.
He passes a cup to me.
They buy a present for Lily.
We showed him a postcard.
My mother made a cake for me.
A cup is passed to me by him.
I am passed a cup by him.
A present is bought for Lily by them.
Lily is bought a present by them.
A postcard was showed to him by us.
He was showed a postcard by us.
A cake was made for me by my mother.
I was made a cake by my mother.
动词短语变被动
We should speak to old men politely.
= Old men should be spoken to politely by us.
不及物动词+介词、副词组成的动词短语在变为被动时，后面的介词或副词不能丢掉。
“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”
的句式转换
The man painted the door green yesterday.
The door was painted green yesterday.
含有宾语补足语的主动句变为被动句时，可将其宾语变为主语，宾补保留在原处作为主语补足语。
四、注意事项
1. by短语的位置
The kite was made by Jim.
The cup was broken by the boy.
by短语一般放在被动句的谓语动词之后。
四、注意事项
2. by短语的省略。
Computers are widely used nowadays.
Your homework must be finished on time.
These questions should be answered as soon as possible.
在被动句中，当不知道动作的执行者、不想说出动作的执行者或动作的执行者是泛指时，常省略by短语。
3. 主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况①：
The song sounds great ！
The lamb feels soft.
She looks young in the red dress.
The dumplings tasted delicious.
The coffee smelt good.
The accident happened in this street last week.
The accident took place in this street last week.
不及物动词，因为不能跟宾语，所以无被动。
感官动词无被动。
3. 主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况②：
The child can dress himself.
Finally we understand each other.
宾语是反身代词或相互代词的句子，不能变为被动语态。
I have a new bike.
The trousers fit me well.
用表示状态的动词时，如 have, own, fail, fit, suit , last，不能变为被动语态。
3. 主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况③：
His friends left Beijing by train yesterday.
He joined the army last year.
用动词leave, enter, join等作谓语的句子，不能变为被动语态。
He hopes to find a better job.
We all enjoy playing computer games.
宾语是动词不定式或动名词时，不能变为被动语态。
4. 主动形式表示被动意义的情况
My hair needs washing.
This film is worth seeing.
The windows want cleaning.
need doing 需要做；
be worth doing值得做…
want doing需要做；
主动表示被动。
5. 主动语态中被省略的to在被动语态中要还原
The great news made her feel happy.
We saw him leave just now.
I heard her sing in her room.
She was made to feel happy by the great news.
He was seen to leave just now.
She was heard to sing in her room.
使役动词和表示感官动词主动语态中，加不含to的不定式；在被动语态中还原to
Thank you