2023年初中英语中考语法讲解之主谓一致课件

(共30张PPT)
subject-verb agreement
主谓一致
Grammar
语法一致
The first part
意义一致
The second part
就近原则
The third part
01
02
03
CONTENTS
语法一致
The first part
01
语法一致
主语和谓语在语法形式上通常保持一致
1.1 定义
句子主语是单数时，谓语动词需用单数形式；句子主语为复数时，谓语动词需用复数形式。
a boy 单数 boys 复数
many a boy 单数 many boys 复数
1.2谓语单复数细则
1. 单数名词/不可数名词作主语
The girl is my sister.
Money doesn’t always bring happiness.
2.动词不定式或动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式
To say something is usually easier than to do something.
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“one of +复数可数名词” 作主语 “…之一”.
One of countries belongs China.
“many a/more than one + 单数可数名词” 作主语 “许多”
Many a student has bought the book.
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表示复数意义的集体名词作主语（people/police/cattle）
The police have been trying to find an answer to the man’s death.
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两部分组成的复数可数名词（trousers/ glasses/shoes/gloves)
The trousers are my gift from my mother.
复数名词作主语
My parents work in the same school.
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单项选择
1．Swimming in the pool with friends ___________very interesting.
A．has B．have C．is D．Are
2. Now smart phones ___________ in many ways in our daily life.
A. are used B. is used C. are using
3．Listening to loud music at rock concerts ____________caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A．is B．are C．has D．Have
4. Both Mary and Eric ___________ to the party last night, but they didn’t come at all.
A．invited B．were invited C. was invited
意义一致
The second part
02
2.1 定义
谓语动词变化以主语所表达的单复数概念而定
Our family like this place.
30 dollars is enough.
2.2 谓语单复数细则
1. 表示时间/金钱/距离/重量等名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式
Five yuan is enough.
Two hours is too short for the visit.
2. the + adj. 作主语, 表示一类人时，谓语动词复数
(the young/ old/ rich/ poor/ homeless/ disabled…)
The sick have been cured.
the young the old
the rich the poor
the disabled the homeless
people
people
people
people
people
people
1．Three hours ____________quite a long time for the students to play computer games every day.
A．is B．were C．was D．Are
3．The old over 90 ___________not only by their family but also by the government.
A．is taking good care of B．are taken good care of C．are taken good care
2．——How much ____________the shoes
——Five dollars ____________enough.
A．is; is B．are; is C．are; are D．is; are
3．Two kilometers ____________a long way to go on foot.
A．was B．is C．are D．Were
2.The young ___________to respect the old.
A．requires B．is required C．require D．are required
单项选择
3. 集体名词作主语
(常考集体名词：family, class, team, group, crowd, government…)
当强调集体中的个体成员时，谓语动词用相应形式
Our team are playing basketball.
当表示整体时，谓语动词用三单形式
Our team comes first in the basketball game.
主语 + 介词 + 名词/代词时，谓语与主语保持一致
4.
The teacher with her students is climbing the mountain.
with
behind
as well as
except
but
besides
including
like
常考介词
正确形式填空
1．The team ___________such a dream one with strong wills that nothing can stop it.
A．are B．has been C．have been D．is
2．Class Two ___________taking their lessons when there was a knock at the door.
A．is B．was C．are D．Were
3．The woman behind the girls ____________a famous actress.
A．is B．are C．have D．has
4．The teacher with 25 boys and 30 girls, ___________doing an experiment in the classroom when the earthquake happened.
A．was B．were C．has been D．should be
5．Everyone except Tom and John ____________seen the film.
A．is B．has C．are D．have
正确形式填空
6．The legs of the elephant ________as strong as big trees.
A．looks B．look C．is looking
7. Nobody except his parents and ________ to buy the house ________ windows are broken.
A．he wants; his B．him want; whose
C．him wants; whose D．he want; of which
8．This pair of glasses ________too ugly on me. Would you please show me ________
A．look; another one B．looks; another pair
C．looks; another one D．look; another pair
9．________that pair of ________a little cheaper
A．Is; glass B．Are; glass C．Is; glasses D．Are; glasses
表示数量，“许多的…”，
谓语动词由of后的名词决定
谓语动词用复数形式
a number of
5. a number of Vs. the number of 作主语
表示所属关系, “…的数量”,
谓语动词由the number决定，
谓语动词用三单形式
the number of
A number of the apples_____ enough.
The number of the students _____ unknown.
are
is
1．The number of foreign students studying in Chinese universities ________
going up in the past 10 years, and one third of them ________to learn Chinese.
A．is; choose B．are; has chosen
C．has been; have chosen D．have been; chose
2． _________of the students _________girls in our class.
A．Two percents; is B．Twenty percents; are
C．Two percent; are D．Twenty percent; is
3．——How many ________teachers are there in your school
——________them ________over two hundred.
A．woman; The number of; is B．women; The number of; is
C．woman; A number of; is D．women; A number of; are
单项选择
6. 某些表单数意义不定代词作主语或修饰主语时 (either/ each/every/ 复合不定代词)
Nothing is impossible.
Each student has an English dictionary in our class.
7. 分数/百分数（+of+名词）作主语：
由其指代的名词或of 后名词决定谓语动词单复数
Four-fifths of the juice is orange.
8.由and连接的两个名词作主语：
表两个不同事物, 谓语动词用复数形式 a teacher and a singer/ milk and water
表示同一个事物, 谓语动词用单数形式 a teacher and singer/bread and butter
9. 单复数同形的名词（sheep , deer, means等）作主语：
表单数意义，谓语动词单数 There is a little sheep.
表复数意义，谓语动词复数 There is are a few sheep.
1．——Which would you like, tea or coffee
——Either ___________OK, but I prefer coffee ___________milk.
A．is; with B．is; to C．are; with D．are; to
2．Each of the club members ___________ready to help those who were in trouble.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
3．Every athlete together with their coaches(教练) ___________hard to make good preparations
for the coming 2012 London Olympics.
A．has worked B．are going to work C．work D．is working
4.Every possible means ________to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A．is used B．are used C．has been used D．have been used
单项选择
5． Water and milk ___________important for us.
A．be B．am C．is D．are
6．A poet and artist ___________coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting
tomorrow afternoon.
A．is B．are C．was D．Were
7.“All ___________present and all ___________going on well,” our monitor said.
A．is; is B．are; are C．are; is D．is; are
单项选择
就近原则
The third part
03
谓语动词的单复数取决于主语中最靠近它的名词
3.1 定义
Tom or his brother goes to the park with their grandfather.
Neither Tom or the Greens enjoy the journey because of the bad weather.
3.2 there/here be结构
There is a pen and nine books.
There are nine books and a pen.
There/Here be A and B
or
You or I am going to be a teacher.
Either…or
Either you or she is wrong.
neither… nor…
Neither he nor I like the film.
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3.3 or类
3.4 not…but类
not only A but (also) B 不仅…而且
Not only his parents but also he has been to Hangzhou.
not…but… 不是…而是
Not you but your brother is going to the park.
1．Either Eve or Herb ____________been invited by Lucy’s parents already.
A．have B．has C．was D．were
2．Neither my uncle nor I ___________interested in such things.
A．are B．am C．is
3．——David, there ___________a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.
——OK. Mum. I’ll do it right away.
A．is B．are C．has D．Have
4．___________Teddy ___________Tim has experienced such a formal event. They both look a little bit nervous, not knowing what to do.
A．Either; or B．Neither; nor C．Both; and D．Not only; but also
5．____________was wrong.
A．Not the teacher but the students B．Both the students and the teacher
C．Neither the teacher nor the students D．Not the students but the teacher
单项选择
subject-verb agreement
Thanks
Grammar