高三英语复习课件：专题五 七选五课件(共161张PPT)

(共161张PPT)
1.命题形式、角度
阅读理解·七选五是在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白,要求考生从所给的七个选项中选出最佳选项,使补全后的短文意思通顺,前后连贯,结构完整。该题型“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握”,体现了《新课标》的阅读学习和教学理念。从选项设置上看,该题备选项可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。
2010—2019年高考全国卷“阅读理解·七选五”体裁及命题角度考情一览表
2.命题规律
(1)从题材上来看,主题多样,但与平时的生活息息相关,突出实用性。例如:2018年全国1卷七选五阅读理解部分通过介绍小、中、大三种规格的装饰颜色在房间装饰设计中的不同作用,引导考生学会布置自己的房间。
(2)从体裁上来看,说明文依然占主流,但事物类的说明文以及叙述类文本相继出现,体裁更宽广。
(3)从选项设置来看,句际间的逻辑关系及语法手段(如替代)利用词汇手段(如复现关系、同现关系)仍是主要的命题方式,命题人主要考查的是语篇的“衔接”关系。但命题人也会通过语篇中语义的关联,即“连贯”的方式进行命题,突出体现在选项的“不完整”上。例如:2018年全国1卷七选五阅读理解部分的第36题和第37题均属于复合句中的一部分,且均为状语从句。
(4)从考点分布来看,主题句、过渡句、拓展句和结论句均有涉及考生需要了解句际关系的类型,如并列、对应、顺序、重复、转折、解释和因果等。
Passage 1
(2019·全国1,10分,难度★★★)
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”.　36　 According to recent studies,the answer is a big YES,if the air quality in your camping area is good.
　37　 If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving,energizing oxygen.If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn to breathe more deeply,allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain.
Recently,people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈).　38　 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green,growing things can reduce stress,lower blood pressure,and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.　39　 It gives us a great feeling of peace.
　40　While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working,and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.
A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B.So what are you waiting for
C.Being in nature refreshes us.
D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
F.Just as importantly,we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
G.All across the country,recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章论述了呼吸新鲜空气对身体健康的重要性。
36.答案E
解析本题考查过渡句。根据空格后面的“the answer is a big YES” 可知该空是一个疑问句,因此答案锁定在B项和E项之间。句意:我们一直听着人们说“出门呼吸一下新鲜空气”长大,但是新鲜空气真的有你妈妈一直说的那么有益吗 根据最近的研究,如果在你露营的区域空气质量好的话,答案是肯定的。故选E项。
37.答案A
解析本题考查主旨句。这一空出现在第二段段首,是全段的总起句,后文说到如果空气干净,那么空气中就会充满有活力的氧气,会有更多的氧气输送到肌肉和大脑中,氧气是由肺部吸入的,因此A项中的“lungs”与此段话吻合,故选A项。
38.答案G
解析本题考查细节句。本段第一句属于总起句,表明新鲜空气对治疗病人有帮助。G项中的“recovery centers”以及“Healing Gardens”对应该空前面的“healing”和该空后面的“recovery”。
39.答案C
解析本题考查总结句。第三段讲的是亲近自然对身体的好处,且后一句话主语是It,C项中的主语“Being in nature”与之相对应。
40.答案D
解析本题考查主旨句。第四段讲述空气新鲜的地方阳光更充足。D项中的“sunlight”对应本段中的“the sun’s rays”。
Passage 2
(2019·全国2,10分,难度★★)
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump ”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.　36　 Like the child on the diving board,you will stay undecided.
　37　 More than that,how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal First,you need to evaluate yourself,your values,your strengths,your weaknesses,your achievements,your desires ,etc.Only then should you set your goals.
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation.This is quite important,because it is directly related to your commitment.There are times when your heart is not in your work.　38　 So,slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment.Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives,keeping in mind your beliefs,values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible.　39　 They also need to be measurable.You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example,you may want to be a pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.　40　 You should reassess your goals,and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties,some planned,but most unplanned.You cannot overcome them without ample motivation.Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A.This can affect your work.
B.So how should you motivate yourself
C.However,this should not discourage you.
D.So why should we try to set specific goals
E.They can change according to circumstances.
F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G.Without motivation,you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何激励自己、保持动力、达成目标提出了几点建议。
36.答案G
解析本题考查细节句。根据上文提到的“Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.”以及下文提到的“Like the child on the diving board...”可知,G项可以承接上文。其中motivation和goal为原词复现。
37.答案B
解析本题考查过渡句。根据下文提到的“More than that,how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal ”可知,B项“So how should you motivate yourself ”可承接上下文。
38.答案A
解析本题考查细节句。根据上文提到的“There are times when your heart is not in your work.”可知,A项“This can affect your work.”是上文的结果。
39.答案E
解析本题考查细节句。根据上文提到的“Remember that goals are flexible.”可知,E项“They can change according to circumstances.”是对上文的进一步说明。
40.答案C
解析本题考查过渡句。上文提到“个人情况同等重要”,并以因视力差不能达成当飞行员的目标为例子,再结合下文的“你应该重新评估你的目标,并激励自己去设定一个新的目标”可知,C项和上文构成转折关系,同时起到引起下文的作用。
Passage 3
(2019·全国3,10分,难度★★)
In an online class,developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.　36　 While I have only listed two of each,there are obviously many other situations that can arise.Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do’s
　37　 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.Before asking questions about the course design,read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight.
Participate in discussion forums(论坛),blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.　38　 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information.Make a point,and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don’ts
Don’t share personal information or stories.Professors are not trained nurses,financial aid experts or your best friends.If you are in need of a deadline extension,simply explain the situation to the professor.　39　
Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class.　40　 When a student attacks a professor on the social media,the language used actually says more about the student.If there is truly a concern about a professor’s professionalism or ability,be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A.That’s what they are for.
B.Turn to an online instructor for help.
C.If more information is needed,they will ask.
D.Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E.Below are some common do’s and don’ts for online learners.
F.Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G.Ask questions,but make sure they are good,thoughtful questions.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在选修网络课程时如何与授课教师建立健康有益的互动交流。
36.答案E
解析本题考查过渡句。上文提到“在选修网络课程时与授课教师建立健康有益的互动交流非常重要”,结合下面提到的“Do’s”和“Don’ts”可知,E项可承接上下文。
37.答案G
解析本题考查主旨句。根据下文的“Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.Before asking questions...”可知,本部分介绍的是问问题,G项中的“Ask questions”为同词复现。
38.答案A
解析本题考查细节句。根据上文提到的“参与讨论论坛、博客和其他开放式对话论坛”可知,A项“这就是他们的目的”可承接上文。
39.答案C
解析本题考查细节句。本部分的主题句为“Don’t share personal information or stories.(不要分享个人信息和经历”。C项“如果需要更多的信息,他们会询问”可有效地承接上文。
40.答案F
解析本题考查细节句。根据本部分的主题句“不要公开表达对教授或课堂的不满”可知,F项“每个人都曾经上过不太好的课”可以和上文构成因果关系。
Passage 4
(2019·浙江,10分,难度★★)
Rock music consists of many different styles.Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups,they make very different music.　31　At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC,the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours.By mid-1963,the Beatles had been extremely popular in England.　32　 They held large concerts and performed at clubs.They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England.They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说).John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.
　33　 They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.Beatlemania hit New York on February 7,1964.Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them.　34　The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time.The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵) by local and nationwide newspapers at that time.Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll.Thanks to the Beatles,a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.　35　
A.They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B.Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C.Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D.However,their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E.Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F.They appeared in the films A Hard Day’s Night(1964) and Help!(1965).
G.They performed their first concert in America at CBS television’s 53rd street studio.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了摇滚乐队“披头士乐队”的组建与流行。
31.答案C
解析根据本段的首句“Rock music consists of many different styles.”可知,空处应该与rock music有关,再根据该空后的At that time可知,空处应该有表示时间的结构与之呼应。C项“Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.”满足了这两个条件,所以选C项。
32.答案B
解析根据该空上一句“By mid-1963,the Beatles had been extremely popular in England.”可知,此处应该讲述那时候乐队受欢迎的情况。B项“Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.”能够承接上文。所以选B项。
33.答案A
解析根据该空的下一句“They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.”可知,该空应该讲述the Beatles要去美国巡演,所以选A项。
34.答案G
解析根据该空的下一句“The concert was broadcast...”可知,应选G项。
35.答案E
解析根据该空的上一句“Thanks to the Beatles,a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.”可知,披头士乐队为摇滚方面的新人创造了许多机会。E项讲述的许多摇滚乐队能够沿着披头士乐队的足迹走下去,与上一句内容相吻合。所以选E项。
Passage 5
(2018·浙江11月,10分,难度★★★)
Some people are so rude.Who sends an e-mail or a text message that just says “Thank you” Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you Who asks for a fact easily found on the Internet 　31　
Maybe I’m the rude one for not appreciating life’s little courtesies (礼节).But many social norms (规范) just don’t make sense to people drowning in digital communication.
Take the thank-you note.Daniel Post Senning,a coauthor of Emily Post’s Etiquette,asked,“At what point does showing appreciation outweigh the cost ”
　32　 Think of how long it takes to listen to one of those messages.In texts,you don’t have to declare who you are or even say hello.E-mail, too,is slower than a text.The worst are those who leave a voice mail and then send an e-mail message to tell you they left a voice mail.
This isn’t the first time technology has changed our manners.　33　 Alexander Graham Bell,the inventor, suggested that people say,“Ahoy!” Finally,hello won out,and the victory sped up the greeting’s use in face-to-face communications.
In the age of the smart phone,there is no reason to ask once-acceptable questions about:the weather forecast,a business’s phone number,or directions to a house,a restaurant,or an office,which can be easily found on a digital map.　34　 And when you answer, they respond with a thank-you e-mail.
How to handle these differing standards Easy:Consider your audience.Some people,especially older ones,appreciate a thank-you message.　35　 In traditional societies,the young learn from the old.But in modern societies,the old can also learn from the young.Here’s hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time-wasting forms of communication do.
A.Then there is voice mail.
B.Others, like me, want no reply.
C.But people still ask these things.
D.Don’t these people realize that they’re wasting your time
E.Won’t new technology bring about changes in our daily life
F.Face-to-face communication makes comprehension much easier.
G.When the telephone was invented, people didn’t know how to greet a caller.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。有些人认为一些不必要的交流会浪费人们的时间,但也有些人认为这是必要的礼节。作者认为这取决于你所面对的对象。
31.答案D
解析上文三个Who引导的句子列举了几种浪费别人时间的做法,D项“难道这些人没有意识到他们在浪费你们的时间吗 ”可承接上文。
32.答案A
解析根据下文的“Think of how long it takes to listen to one of those messages.”可知,这里谈论的是语音信息,所以A项可引出下文。
33.答案G
解析根据下文的“This isn’t the first time technology has changed our manners.”以及下文的“Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor, suggested that people say, ‘Ahoy!’”可知,G项可起到承上启下的作用。
34.答案C
解析上文提到了一些现在人们没有必要问的问题,结合下文的“And when you answer”可知,所填的句子和上文是转折关系,所以选C项。
35.答案B
解析根据上文的“Some people,...”可知,B项“Others, like me, want no reply.”可承接上文。
Passage 6
(2018·全国1,10分,难度★★★)
Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room.A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in.Do you want a room that’s full of life Professional Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day 　36　,color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years,there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.　37　,they can get a little complex.But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones,the medium ones,and the large ones.
　38　.They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,dinner tables or bookshelves.　39　.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant.　40　.
A.While all of them are useful
B.Whatever you’re looking for
C.If you’re experimenting with a color
D.Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E.It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F.So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first time
G.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍家装设计时如何选择颜色。
36.答案B
解析根据上文的三个问句,尤其是“Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day ”可知,B项可起到承上启下的作用。其中looking for构成同义复现。
37.答案A
解析根据上文提到的“...there have been a number of different techniques...”可知,A项可以承接上文,其中的“all of them”指的就是“a number of different techniques”。
38.答案D
解析根据本段最后一句中的“small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable”可知,本段介绍的是小颜色的选择。其中“small color choices”构成原词复现。
39.答案G
解析根据本段的第一句可知,本段介绍的是中色选择。根据下文的“They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space”可知,由G项中的“in two major ways”可引出下文。
40.答案F
解析上文提到“你房间里的大颜色的决定与墙壁、天花板和地板有关。无论你是在看壁纸还是油漆,投入到这方面的时间、精力和相对费用都是很重要的”。F项可作为本段的总结句。
Passage 7
(2018·全国2,10分,难度★★)
If you are already making the time to exercise,it is good indeed!With such busy lives,it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.　36　 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
●Your productivity is improved.Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.　37　
●Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start.　38　 If you work out in the mornings,then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day,not in your sleep.
●　39　 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you,so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
●　40　 If you work out bright and early in the morning,you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out,especially in the mornings.Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!You will feel energized all day long.
A.You will stick to your diet.
B.Your quality of sleep improves.
C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E.You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F.After you exercise,you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly,or you’re doing it now,then listen up!
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。锻炼身体的好处很多,尤其是早上锻炼,会让你一整天都容光焕发。文章主要介绍了锻炼给我们带来的各种好处,最后作者呼吁大家:定好闹钟,早起锻炼吧!
36.答案G
解析此句为过渡句,承上启下。根据下文的“Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.”可知,此处要表示“假如你计划定期锻炼,或者现在正在锻炼的话,那么听好了”,故选G项。
37.答案E
解析此句为总结句。根据上文可知,此处讲述的是锻炼会使你更加清醒,而E项表示“锻炼之后,你可以保持头脑清醒4至10小时”,与前文相吻合,故选E项。
38.答案F
解析此句为段中承上启下的过渡句。根据本段开头提到的“Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start.”以及后面的“...getting the calorie(卡路里) burning”可知,此处表示“锻炼之后,在一整天里你都会继续燃烧卡路里”。故选F项。
39.答案B
解析此句为主题句。根据后文可知,研究表明,早起锻炼的人的睡眠质量要好于晚上锻炼的。故此处是指“你的睡眠质量会提高”,故选B项。
40.答案A
解析此句为主题句。根据后文可知,如果你早上锻炼的话,你更可能一整天都保持健康的饮食习惯。此处表示“会让你坚持自己的饮食习惯”,故选A项。
Passage 8
(2018·全国3,10分,难度★★)
Before there was the written word,there was the language of dance.Dance expresses love and hate,joy and sorrow,life and death,and everything else in between.
　36　 We dance from Florida to Alaska,from north to south and sea to sea.We dance at weddings,birthdays,office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,”says Lester Bridges,the owner of a dance studio in Lowa.“I can’t imagine doing anything else with my life.”Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.“Teaching dance is wonderful.　37　 It’s great to watch them.For many of them,it’s a way of meeting people and having a social life.”
　38　“I can tell you about one young couple,”says Bridges.“They’re learning to do traditional dances.They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.　39　”
So,do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better,calmer,healthier Andrea Hillier says,“Dance,like the pattern of a beating heart,is life.Even after all these years,I want to get better and better.　40　 I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I’m alive.”
A.So why do we dance
B.Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.
C.If you like dancing outdoors,come to America.
D.My older students say it makes them feel young.
E.I keep practicing even when I’m extremely tired.
F.Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G.They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
【语篇导读】舞蹈的历史比人类创造的文字还要早。热爱舞蹈吧,它给你带来的好处超乎想象。
6.答案B
解析由后文提到的不同跳舞地点和场合可知,答案为B项,强调在美国舞蹈无处不在。
37.答案D
解析由上文的“Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.”可知,Bridges举办的舞蹈培训班中各个年龄段的学员都有,所以选D项,其中提到“My older students”,与前后文一致。
38.答案A
解析后文通过一对年轻夫妇为例来说明跳舞的好处,所以答案为A项,采用一问一答的形式。
39.答案F
解析由上文“They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.”可知,这对夫妻来学舞蹈的时候情绪低落,跳完舞后却带着笑容离开,这说明舞蹈可以改变人的心情,所以答案为F项。
40.答案E
解析由后文“I find it hard to stop!”可知,Andrea Hillier发现舞蹈一旦跳起来就很难停下来,和选项E中的“I keep practicing”相一致,表示即便是很累的时候也不愿停下来。
Passage 9
(2018·北京,10分,难度★★★)
Why Do We Get Angry
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it,but the causes of anger are various.Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior,and correct bad habits.The main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发) events,personality traits(特征),and our assessment of situations.　51　
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages.However,here are some examples:being cut off in traffic,a deadline approaching,experiencing physical pain,and much more.　52　 The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
Each person,no matter who they are,has psychological imbalances.People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry.　53　 Also,sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition,but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
　54　 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger,or anger itself.Sometimes ignorance and negative(消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
　55　 However,anger can easily turn violent,and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.With these main reasons in mind,we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A.Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B.But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence or anger.
C.Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait,and is usually advised to reduce it.
D.Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E.Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state,where anger is in the background of your mind.
F.Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G.Not everyone acts the same in response to events,and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
【语篇导读】本文为说明文。文章分析了引起愤怒的原因及应对的方法。
51.答案F
解析上文说引起愤怒的原因是多种多样的,知道这些原因有很重要的作用。由“The main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发) events,personality traits(特征),and our assessment of situations.”可知,F项“如果我们愿意以批判的眼光来评价我们自己,那么理解这些原因将会有利于控制我们自己的愤怒”,这说明了理解这些原因的重要性。下文则围绕这几个原因加以说明,并给出应对的解决方法。故F项合适。
52.答案G
解析根据空后一句“The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.”可知,由于人们的履历和心理素质不同,人们对同一件事的反应是不一样的,故此处说明并非每个人对事件的反应都是相同的,这就是一个人可能会被激怒,而另一个则可能不会的原因。故选G项。
53.答案E
解析空前说明易发怒的人往往好竞争,容忍度较低,E选项中these personality traits与上文中的“personality traits”对应,故选E项。
54.答案A
解析此处为段落主题句。有时一些日常例行之事也会变成愤怒之源,有时对情境的无知和负面展望也会引发愤怒。该段最后一句中的“ignorance and negative(消极的) outlooks on situations”也是提示,故选A项。
55.答案D
解析由后一句中的However转折意义可知,此处说明愤怒是一种强烈的情感,接着话锋一转,说明愤怒可能会变得尤为强烈,所以最好要知道愤怒出现的原因,从而阻止它的发生,故选D项。
Passage 10
(2018·浙江,10分,难度★★)
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience.Of course,you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.　31　
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat,clean,and in good repair.　32　 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape,you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second,take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously.When going for a walk,take along a small garbage bag.　33　 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
　34　 If a neighbor is going to be out of town,offer to collect mail and newspapers.If a neighbor suffers an illness,offer to do the grocery shopping.Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable,while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
　35　 By following the basic rules of respecting others,taking care of what belongs to you,and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general,you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.
A.In general,keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C.Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D.Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E.Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car,pick it up.
F.People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G.Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。乔迁新居是一件令人兴奋的事情,如何在新地区与邻居们友好相处呢 本文介绍了几种让你成为好邻居的方法。
31.答案G
解析根据空处的上句“The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.”可知,要做到这一点,最简单的方法就是确保你自己是一个好邻居。结合下文内容可知,G项承上启下,故选G项。
32.答案F
解析根据上文的“keep your property (房产) neat,clean,and in good repair”及下文的“you will help to improve the look and feel of the area”,可知此处表示“人们往往以保持街道清新怡人为傲”,故选F项。
33.答案E
解析根据上文的“take along a small garbage bag”可知,外出散步最好携带一个小的垃圾袋子,承接前文,此处表示“如果你碰到从一辆飞驰的汽车扔出来的废纸,就把它捡起来”,故选E项。
34.答案B
解析根据后文列举的帮助邻居的情况可知,此处表示“一个好邻居也是一个喜欢在小事情上帮助别人的人”,故选B项。
35.答案C
解析根据后文的“respecting others,taking care of what belongs to you...that everyone appreciates”可知,做一个人人喜欢的好邻居,你要考虑很多,故C项符合语境。
Passage 11
(2017·全国1,10分,难度★★)
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping.I would have laughed heartily.Campers,in my eyes,were people who enjoyed insect bites,ill-cooked meals,and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me.　36　
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.　37　 We slept in a tent,cooked over an open fire,and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work,recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.
I was,nevertheless,talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.　38　 Instead,we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.
　39　 We have done a lot of it since.Recently,we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set.There is a separate bedroom,a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.
　40　 It must be true that sooner or later,everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you find your way in style.
A.This time there was no tent.
B.Things are going to be improved.
C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then,however.
E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F.After the trip,my family became quite interested in camping.
G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己从一开始不喜欢露营,到最后爱上了露营的经历。作者认为每个人都会发现自己回归自然的方式并建议人们寻找自己的方式。
36.答案D
解析上文提到在作者看来,露营者是喜欢被虫咬、吃做得很糟糕的饭和睡不舒服的睡袋的人,这些人和他没有共同之处。由此可知,所填的句子和上文有转折关系,D项符合上下文语境。
37.答案C
解析根据上文的“The friends who introduced me to camping...”和下文的“We slept in a tent,cooked over an open fire,and walked a long distance to take the shower...”可知,C项符合。
38.答案A
解析根据上文的“We slept in a tent...”和下文的“Instead,we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.”可知,作者这次睡的不是帐篷。A项“这次没有帐篷”与上下文语境一致。
39.答案F
解析根据“We have done a lot of it since.Recently,we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer...”可知,F项“那次旅行后,我们一家人对露营产生了浓厚的兴趣”是这样做的原因。
40.答案E
解析根据下文的“It must be true that sooner or later,everyone finds his or her way back to nature.”可知,这是作者从自己的经历做出的推测,因此E项“我必须说我肯定开始喜欢露营了”符合语境。
Passage 12
(2017·全国2,10分,难度★★★)
Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done.　36　,there are several ways to handle things.Let’s take a look at them now.
　37　.Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you,have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then.　38　.It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.
When you need to talk to someone,don’t do it in your own office.　 39 　,it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.
If you have a door to your office,make good use of it.
　40　.If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter,excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示) that when the door is closed,you’re not to be disturbed.
A.If you’re busy,don’t feel bad about saying no
B.When you want to avoid interruptions at work
C.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes
D.If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area
E.It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available
F.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you
G.Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。工作时被来访客人打扰是非常令人棘手的问题,本文介绍了应付被打扰的情况的几种办法。
36.答案B
解析前文说,在你努力地完成工作时,被打扰是最坏的事情之一。后文说,下文就是解决这类问题的办法。分析句子结构可知,这里需要填写一个状语从句,结合前面的提示词Interruptions 可知选B项。B项起到了承上启下的连接作用。
借助前后语境,巧妙破解过渡
过渡句一般在文中起到承上启下的作用,通常有两种:一种是段落内部的过渡句;另一种是段落之间的过渡句。由于过渡常常用在意思转折比较大的段与段或句与句之间,如两个不同的事件、两种不同的内容、两个不同的场面等,因此,作答时一定要注意空格前后的语境,借助上下文的语境就可准确地选出过渡句。
37.答案A
解析从后面的“Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that...”可知,作者鼓励人们拒绝这种打扰,因此选A项,如果你忙,不要因为拒绝而感到为难。
38.答案E
解析上文说,当人们试图打扰你工作的时候,你要定下时间计划,让他们知道在规定的时间回来找你或者你去找他们。下文说,这能帮助消除以后他们的打扰。因此这里应该是,让他们知道你什么时候有空非常重要。故E项正确。
39.答案D
解析前文说,如果你需要和某人谈话,别在你自己的办公室里。所以选D项,意思是:如果你在别人的办公室里或者在一个公共场所,那就更容易脱身。
40.答案G
解析前文说,如果你的办公室有门,要好好利用它。由后文的解释可知这里是说,你有空的时候把门敞开,你没空的时候就把门关上。因此G项正确。
Passage 13
(2017·全国3,10分,难度★★)
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame on the alarm clock.In fact,the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock.　36　 Here’s how to make one.
● 　37　 In order to make a change,you need to decide why it’s important.Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family,get in some exercise,or just be better prepared for your day Once you are clear about your reasons,tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.
● Rethink mornings.Now that you know why you want to wake up,consider re-arranging your morning activities.If you want time to have breakfast with your family,save some time the night before by setting out clothes,shoes,and bags.　38　That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.
● Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.If you’re tired out by Friday night,sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful.But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week,a recent study found.　39　
● Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.After you’ve tried a new method for a week,take a look at your record.　40　If not,take another look at other methods you could try.
A.Get a sleep specialist.
B.Find the right motivation.
C.A better plan for sleep can help.
D.And consider setting a second alarm.
E.If the steps you take are working,keep it up.
F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time,no matter the day.
G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍早上容易醒来的关键在于重新调整生物钟,对睡眠有个好的规划将大有裨益。然后讲述了制定规划的几种方法。
36.答案C
解析此句为过渡句。承上启下,根据下文“Here’s how to make one.”可知,此处表示对睡眠有个好的规划将大有裨益。one相当于上文的a better plan。
37.答案B
解析此句为主题句。首先形式上要与第二个标题“Rethink mornings.”相一致,然后根据下文内容“你是为了起床和家庭共进早餐、晨练,还是为了更好地休息,为一天做好准备 一旦明确了你的理由,告诉你的家人或室友你想要做的改变”可知,此处应为B项。
整体把握段落,确定主旨标题
文章的主题段通常在文章的开头,旨在概括文章的主旨。主题句一般出现在第一段的开头,但也有可能出现在句中或句末,其作用是交代该段的中心思想,然后再展开讨论这个主题。七选五中对主题句的考查可以是整篇文章的主旨句,也可以是段落的标题句。从设空的位置来看,一般是在段落的第一句或最后一句。
作答时,首先阅读后文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找同义词或其他相关的词,然后从整体上把握段落,确定主旨标题。
38.答案G
解析此句为过渡句。根据下文“That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.”可知,重新考虑排队等待咖啡的15分钟时间,如果你买一个定时咖啡壶,你就可以多享受15分钟的睡眠了。
39.答案F
解析此句为概括句。根据上文可知,周六美美地补一觉是不错,但研究表明,这样会影响下周的睡眠。因此,不管白天是否休息,都要遵守你的作息时间。
40.答案E
解析此句为过渡句。根据下文“If not,take another look at other methods you could try.”可知,尝试了一种新方法一周后,查看一下记录,如果起作用就坚持,不起作用就另寻他法。
Passage 14
(2017·北京,10分,难度★★★)
Every animal sleeps,but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,they die within a month.　71　
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.　72　We know that,while awake,fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强)connections between brain cells,but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元)in the brain can be weakened overnight,making room for fresh memories to form the next day.　73　
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.　74　The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those taken before sleep,showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right,it would explain why,when we miss a night’s sleep,we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size.　75　 “You keep what matters,”Tononi says.
A.We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B.It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C.Similarly,when people go for a few days without sleeping,they get sick.
D.The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E.That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F.“Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi,who developed the idea.
G.Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections,or synapses,in the brains of 12 mice.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。每种动物都需要睡眠,但是原因一直不是很清楚。一种理论认为,睡眠能增强记忆力。
71.答案C
解析上文提到,实验室的老鼠如果不睡觉,一个月内它们就会死掉。同样,如果人类好几天不睡觉,就会生病,故选C项。
72.答案E
解析上文提到睡眠能增强记忆力,这就说明了为什么学生在学完后如果能睡一段时间,他们就能在考试中发挥得更好。前后为因果关系。选项中的“That’s why...”正好对应空前句中的“One idea...”。
73.答案F
解析选项中的“睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价”这个说法与上文内容正好吻合,且根据下文的“he is right”可知此处应提到一个人。故选F项。
74.答案G
解析根据下文的“synapses in the mice”可知,此处介绍的是通过测量十二只老鼠的大脑中的突触的大小来印证Tononi的说法是正确的。
75.答案B
解析根据上下文内容可知,人的大脑似乎能保存下最重要的记忆。下文出现的matters是动词,意为“重要,要紧”,与B项中的“most important memories”相对应。
Passage 15
(2017·浙江11月,10分,难度★★★)
How to Remember What You Read
Reading is important. But the next step is making sure that you remember what you’ve read! 　　31　　 You may have just read the text, but the ideas, concepts and images (形象) may fly right out of your head. Here are a few tricks for remembering what you read.
●　　32　　
If the plot, characters, or word usage is confusing for you, you likely won’t be able to remember what you read. It’s a bit like reading a foreign language. If you don’t understand what you’re reading, how would you remember it But there are a few things you can do ... Use a dictionary: look up the difficult words.
●Are you connected
Does a character remind you of a friend Does the setting make you want to visit the place Does the book inspire you, and make you want to read more With some books, you may feel a connection right away.　　33　　 How willing are you to make the connections happen
●Read it; hear it; be it!
Read the lines. Then, speak them out loud. And, put some character into the words. When he was writing his novels, Charles Dickens would act out the parts of the characters. He’d make faces in the mirror, and change his voice for each character.　　34　　
●How often do you read
If you read frequently, you’ll likely have an easier time with remembering what you’re reading (and what you’ve read).　　35　　 As you make reading a regular part of your life, you’ll make more connections, stay more focused and understand the text better. You’ll learn to enjoy literature — as you remember what you read!
A.Are you confused
B.Practice makes perfect.
C.What’s your motivation
D.Memory is sometimes a tricky thing.
E.Marking helps you remember what you read.
F.But other books require a bit more work on your part.
G.You can do the same thing when you are reading the text!
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者给出几种方法帮助记忆阅读过的内容,包括扫清生词障碍,将所读到的内容与已有知识建立联系,把自己置身于情节之中和经常性阅读。
31.答案D
解析该空白后的内容为:你可能刚刚读过某篇文章,但却对文章所传达的思想、概念以及形象等一片茫然。接下来作者给出了几条能记住所读内容的方法。D项说明了阅读有时很让人棘手,与空白后所表述含义一致,故为正确选项。
32.答案A
解析本段主要说明能记住所读内容的前提是读懂,这就需要首先通过查字典等办法扫清生词障碍。由confusing及don’t understand等词可推知答案为A项。
33.答案F
解析该空白后的内容为将正在阅读的内容与已有知识之间建立联系。有些书的内容会让你立即产生这种联想,因此推断该空白处的内容也是与建立联系有关,F项与上下文顺畅连接。另外other books也与空白前的some books相对应。
34.答案G
解析本段给出的方法是要求读者能全身心投入到所读内容中去,列举了狄更斯的例子旨在说明这种方法的可行性,因此读者也可以使用这种方法记住所读内容,G项符合文意。
35.答案B
解析空白前提到了将阅读作为一种日常活动,空白处则说明了这样做的好处。由此可推知,该空白处内容与经常阅读相关,B项(熟能生巧)符合语境。
Passage 16
(2017·浙江,10分,难度★★)
How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot.　31　 But with these tips,your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.
●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story,think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example,if your topic is about environmental problems in America,you might ask,“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America ”　32　
●Hit the streets with confidence.　33　 Say,“Excuse me,I work for XYZ News,and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.
●Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.Don’t get discouraged.
●　34　Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes.As soon as you get the answer you need,move on to the next person.Make sure that as you go from interview to interview,you are getting a variety of answers.If everyone is giving you the same answer,you won’t be able to use it.A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.　35　
●If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air,don’t leave work without them.
A.Limit your time.
B.As you approach people,be polite.
C.If you don’t own a camera,you can buy one.
D.For new reporters,this can seem like a challenging task.
E.To get good and useful results,ask them the same question.
F.That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G.With a question like this,you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文,介绍了应如何进行街道采访。作者针对采访要提问的问题、采访的时间、采访的人数、采访的方式等方面提出了一些建议。
31.答案D
解析根据后面的But以及can be easy可知,这里要填的句子表示街道采访对新记者来说有一定的难度,故选D项。D项的意思是:对新记者而言,这似乎是一项具有挑战性的任务。
32.答案G
解析上一句是一个问题,这与G项中的a question like this相呼应。G项的意思是:提出了这样一个问题,你得到的回答就不只是“是”或者“不是”了,你会获得更多的信息。
33.答案B
解析本段主要介绍了采访时的态度,要礼貌而自信。从后面的“Excuse me...I was wondering if you could...”可知,记者在街头采访时要非常礼貌,故选B项。
34.答案A
解析根据后面的shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes可知,这里指要把握好采访的时间。因此选A项。
35.答案F
解析前文说,进行6至10人的采访比较保险,F项中的That number正好与之呼应,意思是采访这么多人足以使你得到所有你想要的答案。
Passage 17
(2016·全国1,10分,难度★★)
Secret codes(密码) keep messages private.Banks,companies,and government agencies use secret codes in doing business,especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years.　36　 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography.　37　 For example,the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”
　38　 You might represent each letter with a number,for example.Let’s number the letters of the alphabet,in order,from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter,the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”
A code uses symbols to replace words,phrases,or sentences.To read the message of a real code,you must have a code book.　39　 For example,“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”.The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 　40　 However,it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.
A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B.In any language,some letters are used more than others.
C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D.As long as there have been codes,people have tried to break them.
E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F.With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。主要介绍了设置密码的重要性和必要性、密码的历史、隐藏信息的方式以及密码本的重要性。
36.答案D
解析根据下文出现的Code breaking可知,此处介绍的是破译密码的内容,因此选择D项“只要有密码存在,人们就试图破译它们”。
37.答案E
解析根据下文举出的例子可知,此处介绍的是隐藏信息的方式之一:把信息隐藏在每一个单词的首字母中,然后把首字母拼在一起,信息就出来了。
理清逻辑关系,抓住事实细节
细节句出现在段落的内部,通常考查的是段落内的句子之间,特别是前后句之间的逻辑关系。如:条件、原因、让步、指代、递进、对比、列举、结果、目的等关系。
作答时一定要抓住文章的事实细节,理清句子之间的逻辑关系,并根据其逻辑关系来确定最佳选项。
38.答案G
解析根据下文举出的例子可知,此处介绍的是隐藏信息的另一种方式:用符号代替字母表中特定的字母。
39.答案F
解析根据上文出现的a code book以及下文列举的例子可知,此处说明,用一本密码本,你可以写下代表其他单词的词语。
40.答案A
解析根据下文出现的also hard以及a code book可知,此处想要说明的是,没有密码本想要破解密码是很困难的。
Passage 18
(2016·全国2,10分,难度★★)
A garden that’s just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you,where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts 　36　.But it doesn’t happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
●　37　
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants,flowers,patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).　38　.However,there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall(回忆) your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad,but that’s not what’s important.　39　—how being in those gardens made us feel.If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden,start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.　40　.Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.Have fun.
A.Know why you garden
B.Find a good place for your own garden
C.It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D.It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F.You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden,too
G.For each of those gardens,write down the strongest memory you have
【语篇导读】本文为说明文。搭建属于自己的花园,亲近自然,体验种植的快乐,重温童年时代美好的记忆。
36.答案F
解析此句为过渡句,承上启下,根据下文的“But it doesn’t happen by accident.”可知,此处要表示自己也能创造出这种效果。故F项合适。
37.答案A
解析此处为标题句,首先形式上要与第二个标题“Recall(回忆) your childhood memories”相一致,因此答案在A与B两项之间选择,根据后面“However,there are a number of other reasons...”可知,此段主要介绍要了解自己种植的原因。
38.答案E
解析此处为过渡句。根据本段开头提及的“Some people may think...”以及后面的“...other reasons”可知,此处表示“也有另一部分人纯粹是喜欢待在室外亲近自然”故选E项。
39.答案C
解析此处为过渡句。承接前一句“...but that’s not what’s important.”以及根据下文破折号后做出的解释可以看出,此处要表达究竟什么是重要的,故选C项。
40.答案G
解析此处为过渡句。根据前一句中“...recall the gardens of your youth...”,回忆自己儿时的花园,以及下文“...work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.”将这些回忆变成真正的花园,可知此处表示“将记忆最深刻的地方写下来”,故选G项。
表示逻辑关系的词语
表示例证关系的词语:for example,for instance,such as,like等。
表示转折关系的连接词:however(然而);nevertheless(然而,不过);still(还,然而);though(可是,不过,然而);yet(然而);on the contrary(正相反);in contrast(与此相反,相比之下);in comparison(比较起来,相比较);by comparison(相比之下)等。
表示因果关系的有:as a result(结果);thus/therefore(因此);so(such)...that(如此……以至于)等。
表示递进关系的连接词或词组有:also(也,而且);further(另外的);furthermore(而且,此外);likewise(同样地,也);similarly(相似地,类似地);moreover(而且,再者,此外);in addition(另外,加之);what’s more(更重要的是);not only...but also(不但……而且……)等。
表示并列关系的有:first(首先,第一),second(第二),third(第三);firstly(第一,首先),secondly(第二,其次),thirdly(第三);first(第一),next(其次),then(那么,然后);in the first place(第一,首先),in the second place(第二,其次);for one thing(首先,一则),for another(其次);to begin with(首先,第一);to conclude(最后)等。
Passage 19
(2016·全国3,10分,难度★)
Everyone knows that fish is good for health.　36　 But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year,but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying,storing,and cooking fish isn’t difficult.　37　This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
　38　 Fresh fish should smell sweet:you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh.　39　When you have bought a fish and arrive home,you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately,but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish.　40　First,clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料).Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then,it’s ready to serve.
A.Do not buy it.
B.The easiest is to steam it.
C.This is how you can do it.
D.It just requires a little knowledge.
E.The fish will go bad within hours.
F.When buying fish,you should first smell it.
G.The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
【语篇导读】本文为说明文。大家都知道鱼对人的健康有好处,本文主要告诉读者如何用一种简单的方法来买鱼和烧鱼。
36.答案G
解析根据该段第一句的内容可知,鱼对人的健康有好处,故此处应谈论鱼对人的健康到底有什么好处。G项的内容能够起到承接上文的作用。
37.答案D
解析上一句提到鱼的购买、贮存和烹调并不难,故D项“买鱼和烧鱼只需要一些知识”。符合本段语境。
38.答案F
解析根据空后的句子主要讲述关于买鱼时要闻鱼的气味可知,F项能够与下文相辅相成。故选F项。
39.答案A
解析根据上一句可知,任何鱼腥或刺鼻的气味都说明鱼不新鲜了。故此处用A项来承接上文。
40.答案B
解析根据空前的句子“有多种常见的烧鱼方法”以及下文主要讲述怎样蒸鱼可知,B项“最简单的方法就是蒸鱼”符合语境。

Passage 20
(2016·北京,10分,难度★★★)
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward,the risk seems worth taking.　71　 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.Risk-takers were better at hunting,fighting,or exploring.　72　 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next,humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then Well,even 200,000 years ago,too much risk-taking could get one killed.A few daring survived,though,along with a few stay-in-the-cave types.As a result,humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing,or maybe you hate it.　73　
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range,scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.　74　 To help you do that,your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.New experiences often mean taking some risks,so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
　75　 For the risk-seekers,a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active,while for the rest of us,a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking,we’ll continue to hit the mountains,the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A.It all depends on your character.
B.Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C.Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D.Thus,these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F.However,we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
【语篇导读】本文为说明文。有人乐于冒险而有人却安于现状,本文中作者为我们分析了冒险意识背后的原因。
71.答案F
解析下文提到,我们中有些人会喜欢一些让他人惊讶、害怕的活动,对前文进一步进行解释说明,与前文紧密衔接。F项的意思是:然而我们权衡风险和回报的参考标准不尽相同。
72.答案C
解析C项的意思是:擅长做那些事情就意味着更大的生存可能。those things指代的就是前文中的打猎、搏斗或探险,与前文紧密相连,故选C项。
73.答案A
解析或许你喜欢赛车,或许你不喜欢。这都取决于你的性格。A项与前文衔接紧密,故选A项。
74.答案E
解析选项中的this指代的是前文中的your teenage years;the bigger world与后文中的new experiences相呼应。正是因为从家庭进入到更大的圈子中,才会渴望更多新的经历。
75.答案G
解析该空位于段首,为总起句。G项的意思是:新的大脑研究表明,在面临同一紧张情景时,我们的大脑会做出不同的反应。后文对该句进行了具体解释:喜欢冒险的人在面临紧张情景时大脑中与快乐有关的区域会变得活跃,而其他人则是大脑中与恐惧有关的区域变得活跃。
Passage 21
(2016·四川,10分,难度★★)
Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.　36　 In general,they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological.
One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.　37　 Between the ages of about 12 and 50,women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力).These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.In fact,women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.
　38　They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.The common cold is a good example:women,on average,get fewer colds than men.
　39　Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging,but they believe that they do.Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(倾向) to age more slowly than a man’s.Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.　40　
A.However,women,on average,live longer.
B.The biological factor plays an important part.
C.Women are also helped by their female genes.
D.The female hormones also protect the body in another way.
E.Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.
F.Therefore,women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.
G.Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.
【语篇导读】本文为一篇说明文。当今,在工业化国家,男性与女性的寿命都比较长。但是女性通常能比男性多活六到七年,这是因为男性与女性分泌的激素存在差异,而且女性的基因也起着重要的作用。研究表明,激素能帮助女性很好地控制血压、保护心脏,也能保护身体抵制某些类型的感染。
36.答案A
解析根据上文“当今,在工业化国家,男性和女性的寿命都比较长”和下文“一般来说,她们可以比男性多活六到七年”可知,“她们”是指“女性”,女性比男性活得更长一些,故选A项。
37.答案G
解析根据上文“女性的寿命更长,其中一个重要的生物学因素就是男性与女性分泌的激素存在差异”和下文“12岁至50岁之间,女性产生生育激素”可知,此处是连接上下文的过渡句,故选G项,意为“激素是一种化学物质,它由肌体产生,并控制肌体的各个功能”。
38.答案D
解析根据上文“事实上,女性患有高血压或死于心脏病的概率要小”和下文“他们帮助身体抵御某些类型的感染”可知,此处仍然讲述的是激素带来的好处,故选D项,意为“雌性激素也能以另一种方式保护身体”。
39.答案C
解析根据下文“虽然科学家们仍不确定基因对衰老的影响”可知,此处应选择与“基因”有关的选项,故选C项,意为“女性的基因也起着重要作用”。
40.答案E
解析根据上文的“Some think that...”和“Others think that...”可知,对于这一问题有两种观点,故选E项,意为“最近的研究似乎支持这两种可能性”。
Passage 22
(2015·全国1,10分,难度★★★)
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.　36　Trust is a risk.But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.
Unfortunately,we’ve all been victims of betrayal.Whether we’ve been stolen from,lied to,misled,or cheated on,there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.　37　 It’s understandable,but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again,we have some steps you can take to get you there.
●　38　Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
●　39　If you’ve been betrayed,you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.At some point in all of our lives,we’ll have our trust tested or violated.
●You didn’t lose “everything”.Once trust is lost,what is left Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle,look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.　40　Instead,it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
A.Learn to really trust yourself.
B.It is putting confidence in someone.
C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E.They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。主要讲述了当人们在遭受背叛和欺骗后如何重建信任。
36.答案B
解析第一句说“信任是我们从以往经历中获得的学习行为”,本句是对trust的解释。B项中的it指代上文刚出现的trust,并且继续解释trust的含义:putting confidence in someone(对某人给予信任)。B项与第一句形成顺承关系。
37.答案E
解析E项与上下文都能形成因果关系。E项“他们曾经受过严重伤害,不能容忍这种事情再次发生”是上一句“Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.”的原因,并且与下一句“It’s understandable...”也能形成因果关系。正因为他们曾经受过严重伤害,不能容忍这种事情再次发生,所以引出下一句“It’s understandable...”。
38.答案A
解析空格位于段首,极有可能是祈使句。并且A项 “Learn to really trust yourself.”与空格后的“Having confidence in yourself...”形成同义复现。trust yourself等于have confidence。
39.答案C
解析空格位于段首,极有可能是祈使句。下文说“如果你被背叛了,那么你是一个受害者。然而是受害者与以受害者的心态活着是有区别的”,C项“Stop regarding yourself as the victim.(不要把自己当作受害者。)”就起到总结本段的作用,并且C项中的victim一词在下文多次出现,形成词汇复现。
40.答案G
解析G项“看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见”与下一句“Instead,it’s a healthy way...”形成转折关系,并且选项中的positive与下文的positive形成原词复现。
Passage 23
(2015·全国2,10分,难度★)
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady,gradual increases in the length of the runs.　36　,buy the best-fitting,best-built running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet,so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right,walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.　37　.As always,you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
During the first week,do not think about distance,but run five minutes longer each day.　38　,it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week,set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.　39　.After two weeks,start timing yourself.　40　.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter,you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
A.After six days
B.For a good marathon runner
C.Before you begin your training
D.With each day,increase the distance by a half mile
E.If they still feel good,you can begin running in them
F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。马拉松是需要耐力的,但是在跑马拉松之前你应该做一些必要的准备工作。文章为我们介绍了跑马拉松前的准备工作。
36.答案C
解析根据下文“买双最适合你的跑鞋”可以推知,前半部分应该是“在开始你的培训之前”。故选C项。
37.答案E
解析根据前面一句话,“当你已经找到看上去适合你的鞋子的时候,穿上几天后再次核实一下是否合适”可知,紧接着应该写如果依然感觉很好的话,你就可以穿着这双鞋跑步了。
38.答案A
解析根据前一句“During the first week...”可知本句应该是表示在六天以后,休息一天是明智的。
39.答案D
解析上一句说在接下来的一周,每天设定一个目标,每次跑步至少要1.5英里。由此可以推断紧接着应该是说每天再增加半英里的距离。
40.答案G
解析根据上文的距离、时间,可知下句应该把时间与距离结合起来,只有G项符合条件。
Passage 24
(2015·北京,10分,难度★★★)
This Way to Dreamland
Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant,especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them.They can seem forgetful and clumsy.　71　 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.
But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.　72　 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions
So how can you come up with brilliant daydream