中考英语二轮专题精讲精练 动词语态（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
语态
被动语态
时态 被动语态结构 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are＋动词的过去分词 The flowers are often watered．
一般过去时 was/were＋动词的过去分词 A farm was visited yesterday．
一般将来时 will/shall＋be＋动词的过去分词 Some trees will be planted this week．
现在进行时 am/is/are＋being＋动词的过去分词 The road is being built by the workers．
现在完成时 have/has been＋动词的过去分词 His rooms have been cleaned．
过去完成时 had been＋动词的过去分词 His rooms had been cleaned then．
过去将来时 would/should be＋动词的过去分词 He said the work would be done by October．
含情态动词 情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词 Your homework must be finished on time．
特例清单
write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, drive等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表示被动意义.如 :
The book sells very well．那本书很畅销。
look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义.如 :
The cake smells delicious．蛋糕闻起来很香。
take place和happen无被动。
make sb do 表主动； make sb done 表使某人被做
My mother made me cook dinner.(表主动)
The teacher raised her voice to make herself heard in class.（表被动）
【注意】几种特殊的被动语态的用法 :
主动语态中省去to的结构变为被动语态时,省去的to要加上.
常考结构： make sb do sth= sb be made to do sth The workers were made to work １２ hours a day．
谓语部分是短语动词时,短语是“动词＋介词”或“动词＋副词”时,变被动语态时,介词 、副词不能丢.如 :
The young man was sent away from school．
中考语法语态精练
As one of the most exciting sports, volleyball __________ in the Olympic Games in 1964.
included B. is included C. was included
2.The villagers expect that the building of the bridge ____ before the rainy season comes.
is completed B. was completed C. will be completed D. has been completed
3.A baby's first month birthday is a special event in China and _____ with a special Party.
celebrates B. is celebrated C. was celebrated D. will celebrate
4.—Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike! —Sorry, Mum. It ___ _yesterday. I forgot to do it.
didn’t clean B. isn’t cleaned C. was cleaned D. wasn’t cleaned
5.Gina went to the doctor’s yesterday and she ______ about the importance of good living habits once more.
told B. is told C. was told D. has told
6.It's reported the medals for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo __________ from 100% recycled material.
are making B. have made C.is made D. will be made
7.Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic _________each year, of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea.
is created B. was created C. creates
8.—Lucy, what have you learnt from this history class —Paper __________first __________about 2,000 years ago in China.
is; invented B. was; invented C. is; inventing D. was; inventing
9.—I'm tired of cleaning the house. —Sweeping robots____more and more widely today. Why not buy one
are used B. were used C. are using D. used
10.These machines _____ in their factory by themselves last year.
make B. made C. are made D. were made
11.His car ____ five years ago, but it looks quite new.
buys B. bought C. is bought D. was bought
12.These cakes _________ with chocolate. Have one, please.
fill B. filled C. are filled D. were filled
13.My advice on how to save paper _________ by my class last Monday.
accepts B. accepted C. was accepted D. is accepted
14.It is said that one Greater Bay Area university ____ in Guangdong in the future.
will be built B. build C. will build D. is built
15.—Where is your book report Did your dog eat it again
—No, it_________ almost _________, and then my computer just died on me!
/; finishes B./; finished C.is; finished D. was; finished
16.Unluckily, Notre Dame de Paris (巴黎圣母院) ______ this April. We felt so sad for that.
was burnt B. is burnt C. has been burnt
17.—Tom is always careless with his schoolwork．Could you help him？
—No problem！I think he _______ to think twice before starting.
should be told B．shouldn't be told C．should tell
18.The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge _______ in 2018. We are proud of it.
is completed B．is completing C．was completed D．completes
答案
C【解析】考查被动语态：volleyball 和 include 为被动关系，其结构为“be+动词过去分词”，并结合时间in 1964可知发生在过去，故选C。
2. C【解析】句意：村民们希望在雨季到来之前完成这座桥的建设。is completed是一般现在时的被动语态，被完成；was completed一般过去时的被动语态；will be completed一般将来时的被动语态；has been completed现在完成时的被动语态。根据句中before the rainy season comes可知，桥还没有建设完，应用一般将来时。主语the building of the bridge与动词complete构成被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态，故应选C。
3.B【解析】句意：在中国，小孩满月是一个特别的事件，并且会用一个特别的派对来庆祝。A.一般现在时；B.一般现在时的被动语态；C.一般过去时的被动语态；D.一般将来时。本句话中，主语为A baby's first month birthday，与谓语celebrate之间为被动be done，排除A和D；且本句话描述的是一个客观事实，用一般现在时，故选B。
4.D【解析】句意：——哦，你的房间太脏了，迈克！——对不起，妈妈。昨天没有打扫。我忘了做。A为一般过去时，主动语态；B为一般现在时的被动句；C为一般过去时的被动句；D为一般过去时的被动句。根据yesterday.可知，本题的时态为一般过去时，因此排除B；再根据I forgot to do it. 我忘了做。说明没有打扫房间，因此排除C；句中的主语It是代指上文的your room，your room做主语，应该用被动语态，选项A为主动语态，排除，故选D。
5.C【解析】句意：Gina昨天去看医生了，她再次被告诉好的生活习惯的重要性。根据told一般过去时态的结构，is told一般现在时态的被动语态，was told一般过去时态的被动语态， has told现在完成时态的结构；根据she和tell之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，排除A/D；根据yesterday可知是过去时态；故选C。
6.D【解析】句意：据说2020年东京奥运会的奖牌百分之百是由可循环利用的材料制成。A.现在进行时；B.现在完成时；C.一般现在时的被动语态；D.一般将来时的被动语态。主语the medal与谓语make之间为被动be done，排除A和B；且根据the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo可知，用一般将来时的被动语态，故选D。
7.A【解析】句意：在世界各地，每年都有300万的塑料是被创造，其中大约百分之十都流向了大海。create创造，根据句意，塑料“被”创造，因为是“每年”所以是一般现在时，故是一般现在时的被动语态，故选A。
8.B【解析】句意：——露西，从这节历史课中你学到了什么？——纸是大约2000年前在中国最早发明的。A. is; invented被发明，一般现在时态被动语态；B. was invented被发明，一般过去时态被动语态；C. is inventing正在发明，现在进行时；D. was inventing正在发明，过去进行时。根据时间状语about 2,000 years ago in China.可知用一般过去时态，排除A、C；主语是Paper可知，这里是动作承受者用被动语态，一般过去时态的被动语态，排除D。根据题意，故选B。
9.A【解析】句意：——我厌倦了打扫房子。——现在扫地机器人的应用越来越广泛。为什么不买一个呢 考查动词语态辨析。Sweeping robots和动词use（使用）是被动关系，需用“be done”被动结构，可排除CD两项。today（今天，现在）用于一般现在时，根据句意结构和语境，可知B项时态错误，故选A。
10.D【解析】句意：这些机器是去年他们自己在工厂制造的。A. make一般现在时的主动语态；B. made一般过去时的主动语态；C. are made一般现在时的被动语态；D. were made一般过去时的被动语态。主语与make之间是被动的关系，排除A,B；根据last year判断，句子的时态为一般过去时，故答案为D。
11.D【解析】由时间状语“five years ago”可推知，此处要用一般过去时，又因为car与buy之间是动宾关系，故要用被动语态。故此题要用一般过去时的被动语态。
12.C【解析】考查动词的被动语态。蛋糕和装满是被动关系，而be filled with...是被……填满，所以句子翻译为“这个蛋糕注满了巧克力”，故选C。
13.C【解析】句意：我的关于怎样节省纸的建议上周一被我的班级接受了。accepts接受，第三人称单数形式；accepted过去式；was accepted一般过去时的被动语态；is accepted一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意可知，该句的主语My advice与动词accept构成被动关系，应用被动语态，故先排除A和B；根据句中的时间状语last Monday可知，应用一般过去时，故选C。
14.A【解析】在that引导的宾语从句中，主语one Greater Bay Area university与build是逻辑上的动宾关系，故要用被动语态；又因为in the future表示将来，故答案选A。
15.D【解析】一般过去时的被动语态。句意：——你的读书报告呢？你的狗又把它吃了吗？——没有，它几乎要被完成了，然后我的电脑死机了。主语是动作的承受者，且动作发生在过去。
16.A【解析】句意：不幸的是，今年四月巴黎圣母院被烧毁。我们为此感到很难过。考查动词时态辨析。A. was burnt 一般过去时的被动语态。B. is burnt一般现在时的被动语态。C. has been burnt现在完成时的被动语态。this April今年四月，用于一般过去时，巴黎圣母院被烧毁，用被动语态，故选A。
17.A【解析】句意：——汤姆在功课上总是很粗心。你能够帮帮他吗？——没问题。我想应该告诉他在开始前要先三思。首先根据语境判断答语的意思是"没问题。我想应该告诉他在开始前要先三思。"主语 he是动作tell 的承受者，表示"被告知"，确定用被动语态，根据句意用情态动词should，含有情态动词的被动语态的构成是：主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词。故选：A。
18.C【解析】根据时间状语in 2018可知，应该使用一般过去时，且港珠澳大桥和complete为被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。本题的主语是the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge，第三人称单数，用was，故选：C。
第二组试题
1.—It’s reported that 31 of the brave young men in a big forest fire in Sichuan. —I don’t know who they are, but I know who they are for.
were killing B. were killed C. killed D. had killed
2.— Perfect photos! Good skills! — Thank you. They ______ by my Huawei mobile phone. In fact, I am not skillful at all.
took B. were taken C. will be taken
3.It's reported that Notre﹣Dame de Paris（巴黎圣母院）_____in April 2019．
was burnt B．is burnt C．be burnt
4.Paper first about two thousand years ago in China by Cai Lun.
is; inventing B. is; invented C.has; invented D. was; invented
5.— The passenger refused to move after taking another one’s seat!
—What a shame! He according to the new credit system(诚信体系).
punish B. punished C.will punish D. will be punished
6.— I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning.
— You know they by the hard-working cleaners every day.
clean B. are cleaned C.are cleaning D. will clean
7.A lot of trees ____________ every spring in Yiyang city.
plant B. is planted C. are planted
8.The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in disasters around the world since it ______18 years ago.
set up B．is set up C.was set up D．will be set up
9.Many old trees and houses __________ by the terrible rainstorm last night.
are pulled down B. were pulled down C.will be pulled down
10.The Meitan Tea Museum, a famous building in Guizhou, in the shape of a giant teapot.
will be built B. should be built C. was built
11.Look at the flowers on both sides of the streets, They ______ last month.
were planted B. are planted C.are planting D. were planting
12.—Where is your book report Did your dog eat it again
—No, it almost ，and then my computer just died on me!
A.不填；finishes B. 不填；finished C.is; finished D. was; finished
13.The environment in my hometown is improving because many trees every year.
A.plant B. planted C. are planted
14.—What do you think of yesterday’s activity in your community
—Wonderful. A lot of useful advice on self-protection _____ .
A. is offered B. are offered C.was offered D. were offered
15.National Day celebrations for China's seventieth birthday in about three months.
A. will be held B. will hold C.is held D. was held
16.—Who's the little boy in the photo？
—It's me. The photo when I was six years old.
A.takes B. took C. was taken
17.It’s reported that Notre-Dame de paris (巴黎圣母院)________ in April 2019.
A.was burnt B. is burnt C. be burnt
18.Have you heard that the 2022 Winter Olympics _________ in Beijing
A.held B. are held C. were held D. will be held
19. National Day celebrations for China's seventieth birthday in about three months．
A.will be held B．will hold C.is held D．was held
20.—Do you know the famous artist in red？
—Sure．He to the art festival in our city every year．
A. invites B．invited C．is invited D．was invited
21.Look at the flowers on both sides of the streets．They _______last month．
A.were planted B. are planted C. are planting D．were planting
22.This book _________ by children.
A.loves B. loved C. is loved
23.—China plans to send another spaceship into space．
—Wow! More and more secrets __________ soon．
are going to discover B．will be discovered C. have discovered
24.—Waiter! I'd like some Shaoyang rice noodles.
—Sorry, sir. Rice noodles ________ only in the morning.
A.serve B．will serve C．are served
25.The environment in my hometown is improving because many trees every year．
A.plant B．planted C．are planted
26.As far as I know, the robot that can sweep the floor ________ in the 1980s．
A.is invented B．invented C.was invented D．has invented
27.—Dr．Bethune helped a lot of Chinese in the 1930s， he is a great international soldier．
—I know, so he __________ still __________ in both China and Canada now．
A.has；remembered B．is；remembered C.well；remember D．is；remembering
28.Many old trees and houses __________ by the terrible rainstorm last night.
A.are pulled down B. were pulled down C.will be pulled down
29.Some people think trees ____ on Tree Planting Day only．
should plant B．should be planted C.should be plant D．should be planting
30.With the rapid progress in high technology, 5G around most parts of China in the near future.
is used B.is using C. will use D. will be used
答案
B【解析】句意：——据报道，31名勇敢的年轻人在四川的一场森林大火中丧生。——我不知道他们是谁，但我知道他们是为了谁。考查动词语态辨析。31 of the brave young men是复数人称，是动词kill的受动者，需用“be +过去分词”被动语态结构；根据句意结构，可知选B。
2. B【解析】句意：好漂亮的照片！技术真棒！——谢谢。它们是用我的华为手机拍摄的。事实上，我一点也不熟练。A. took一般过去时的主动语态；B. were taken一般过去时的被动语态；C. will be taken一般将来时的被动语态。They代指Perfect photos，与动词take之间是被动的关系，排除A；这些照片已经拍摄完毕，是在过去拍摄的，故用一般过去时态，答案为B。
3.A【解析】主语 Notre﹣Dame de Paris和谓语"烧毁"是被动关系，再根据句意"据报道巴黎圣母院于2019年4月被烧毁"可知，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was/ were done，故选：A。
4.D【解析】句意：在中国大约两千年前，纸最开始被蔡伦发明。本题考查时态语态。A.现在进行时；B.一般现在时的被动语态；C.现在完成时；D.一般过去时的被动语态。主语paper与谓语invent之间为被动be done，排除A和C；且根据two thousand years ago可知，用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。
5.D【解析】句意：——乘客坐了另一个乘客的座位后拒绝调动！ ——他的行为太羞耻了！根据新的信用规则，他将受到惩罚。A为动词原形；B为过去式；C为一般将来时；D. 为一般将来时的被动语态。结合语境可知，主语He和punish之间存在着被动关系，因此应该用被动语态；再者，乘客坐了另一个乘客的座位后拒绝调动！该乘客是将要接受惩罚的，因此时态为一般将来时，综合分析可知，本题应该用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。
6.B【解析】句意：——我喜欢早上在干净的街道上散步。——你知道它们每天都被勤奋的清洁工打扫。考查一般现在时的被动语态。A. clean打扫，动词原形；B. are cleaned一般现在时的被动语态；C. are cleaning现在进行时态；D. will clean一般将来时态。根据You know they _ by the hard-working cleaners every day.可知本句为主从复合句，从句的主语they和谓语动词clean之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用被动语态；由every day可知句子时态用一般现在时，一般现在时的被动语态构成为am/is/are+动词的过去分词，主语是they，be动词用are，clean的过去分词是cleaned；故答案选B。
7.C【解析】考查被动语态。句意：每年春天，益阳市都会栽种大量的树木。A. plant栽种；B. is planted被栽种，是主语为单数第三人称的被动语态；C. are planted被种植，是主语为复数的被动语态。根据主语a lot of trees大量的树木，是可数名词复数，可知be动词用are，故选C。
8.C【解析】根据句意"中国国际搜救队自18年前成立以来，为世界各地的灾民带来了帮助和希望"可知，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was/ were done，故选：C。
9.B【解析】考查一般过去时被动语态用法。句意：昨晚，很多老树和旧房子被可怕的暴雨摧毁了。“are pulled down”是一般现在时被动语态；“were pulled down”是一般过去时被动语态； “will be pulled down”是一般将来时被动语态。根据本句的时间“last night”（昨天晚上）可知用一般过去时被动语态，故选B。
10.C【解析】句意：湘潭茶馆是贵州省著名的茶馆，它是一个巨大的茶壶形建筑。A. will be built将被建造；一般将来时被动语态；B. should be built应该被建造；含情态动词被动语态；C. was built被建造，一般过去时态，被动语态。根据语境可知这里是一般过去时态的被动语态，其结构是was/were done的形式。根据题意，故选C。
11.A【解析】句意：看路两边的那些花，他们是上个月种植的。were planted一般过去时的被动语态；are planted一般现在时的被动语态；are planting现在进行时；were planting过去进行时。根据句意可知，主语They代指the flowers，和动词plant构成被动关系，应用被动语态，先排除C和D；根据句中的时间状语last month可知，应用一般过去时，故选A。
12.D【解析】句意：——你的读书报告呢？你的狗又把它吃了吗？ ——没有，它几乎要被完成了，然后我的电脑死机了。考查一般过去时的被动语态。A为一般现在时；B为一般过去时；C为一般现在时的被动语态；D为一般过去时的被动语态。主语it，即读书报告是谓语“完成”的承受者，且动作发生在过去，因此用过去式的被动语态。故选D。
13.C【解析】句意：在我的家乡，环境正在改善因为每年有许多的树被种猪。A.一般现在时；B.一般过去时；C.一般现在时的被动语态。根据every year可知，用一般现在时，排除B；且主语many trees与谓语plant之间为被动be done，故选C。
14.C【解析】句意：——你觉得昨天在你的社区里的活动怎么样？——好极了。在自我保护方面提供了很多有用的建议。A. is offered被提供，一般现在时态的被动语态；单数；B. are offered 被提供，一般现在时态的被动语态；复数；C. was offered被提供，一般过去式的被动语态；单数；D. were offered被提供，一般过去式的被动语态；复数；根据上文What do you think of yesterday’s activity in your community 可知下文是一般过去时态，主语是A lot of useful advice不可数名词，这里be动词用单数was。根据题意，故选C。
15.A【解析】句意：大约三个月后将举行建国70周年国庆庆典。in about three months表示的将来的时间状语，句子的时态为一般将来时，主语National Day celebrations与hold之间是被动的关系，故答案为A。
16.C【解析】句意：——照片上的小男孩是谁？——是我。这张照片是我六岁时拍的。A为一般现在时；B为一般过去时；C为一般过去时的被动句。The photo与take之间存在着被动关系，而且是六岁时拍的，因此应该用一般过去时的被动句。故选C。
17.A【解析】句意：据报道巴黎圣母院在2019年4月被烧毁了。was burnt被烧毁，一般过去时的被动语态；is burnt一般现在时的被动语态；be burnt动词原形be+过去分词，是被动语态形式。三个选项都可以表示被动，根据句中的时间状语in April 2019可知，这个时间是过去的，表示过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，故应选A。
18.D【解析】句意：你听说了吗，2022年冬季奥运会将在北京举行？held举行，过去式或过去分词；are held一般现在时的被动语态；were held一般过去时的被动语态；will be held一般将来时的被动语态。根据句意the 2022 Winter Olympics是还没有发生的事情，并且与动词hold构成被动关系，故应用一般将来时的被动语态，故应选D。
19. A【解析】本题考查的是一般将来时的被动语态．所给答案分析：will be held 一般将来时被动语态；will hold 一般将来时；is held 一般现在时的被动语态；was held一般过去时的被动语态．根据句中的in about three months可知，属于一般将来时，再根据主语celebrations可知语态为被动语态．所以只有A符合要求，故选A。
20.C【解析】根据句意"当然，他每年都被邀请参加我市的艺术节"可知，要用一般现在时的被动语态，其构成为am/ is/ are done，主语是三单，用is。故选：C。
21.A【解析】主语they与plant之间是被动关系，根据last month可知用一般过去时的被动语态，was/were +过去分词，故选：A。
22.C【解析】主语this book和动词love是被动关系，再根据句意"这本书深受孩子们的喜爱"可知，一般现在时的被动语态，其构成为am/ is/ are done，主语是the book，用is，故选：C。
23. B【解析】主语More and more secrets和动词discover是被动关系，再结合句意"越来越多的秘密很快就会被发现"可知，要用一般将来时的被动语态，其构成为will be done，故选：B。
24.C【解析】主语Rice noodles与serve是被动关系，根据语境用一般现在时的被动语态，由be（am，is are）+过去分词构成，故选：C。
25.C．本题考查的是被动语态的构成和用法。分析：题干句是一个主从复合句，because 引导的是原因状语从句，从句的主语是many trees，与"栽"之间是被动关系，而且从every year 可知时态是一般现在时，所以空格上应该填一般现在时的被动语态（谓语动词的构成：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词），只有C符合要求，故选：C。
26.C【解析】句意：据我所知，能扫地的机器人是20世纪80年代被发明的。一般过去时态的被动态，was/were done，主语是单数，故用was，故选：C。
27.B【解析】主语Dr．Bethune和动词"remember"是被动关系，再根据句意"我知道．所以他现在仍然被中国和加拿大人记得"可知，要用一般现在时的被动语态，其构成为am/ is/ are done，其他选项不符合语法，也语意不通。
28.B【解析】根据句意：昨晚可怕的暴风雨使许多老树和老房子倒塌了。可知主语是动作的承受者，结合 last night，可知是一般过去时的被动语态were/was+过去分词，主语是复数，故选：B。
29.B【解析】trees和plant是被动语态，且句中有情态动词should，则此处应用含情态动词的被动语态should be done
30.D【解析】句意"随着高科技的飞速发展，5G在中国大部分地区将在不久的将来投入使用"可知，要用一般将来时的被动语态。