中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
定语从句
mingc
定语从句定义:
在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whose,whom和关系副词when,where,why。关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。
关系词 作用 先行词 例句
that,who, whom(只作 宾语) 主语 宾语 人 Do you know the old man who/that is standing under the tree Jack is the boy that/who/whom I talk to.
that,which 主语 宾语 物 She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.
whose 定语 人/物 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard. The room whose window is open is mine.
when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.
where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works.
why 状语 原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late
关系代词的用法
一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语或宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;who在从句中作主语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。
A doctor is a person who looks after a patient.
先行词 主语 谓语 宾语
句意:医生就是照顾病人的人。
定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况:
当先行词为all, any, much,anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时,只能使用that.
Is there anything that you don’t understand
当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,只能使用that.
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.
当先行词被序数词修饰时,只能使用that.
He was the first person that passed the exam.
当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时,只能使用that.
This will be the last chance that he can get.
先行词里同时含有人和物时,只能使用that.
They talked about things and persons that they remembered in the school
关系词只能用which的几种情况:
①关系代词放在介词之后。
This is the factory in which we once worked.
②非限制性定语从句中。
This is a famous book, which was written by Lu Xun.
定语从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。
① Teachers all like the student who is polite to others.
② Teachers all like the students who are polite to others.
(2) 在“one of +复数名词+定语从句”结构中,复数名词是先行词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词用复数。但当one前有the (only)时,one是先行词,因此,定语从句的谓语用单数。
He is one of the students who have been to German.
He is the only one of the students who has been to German.
定语从句(1)
Li Wenliang is a brave doctor ________ is known to millions of Chinese people.
A.who B.which C.what D.when
2. —Do you know Li Ziqi
—Of course. She is a beautiful girl________has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life.
A.whose B.where C.which D.who
3. —Have you got ready for the soccer game
—Yes. I’ve done everything ___________ I can to win the game.
A. who B. that C. which
4.—Have you heard of the basketball team _______ won the NBA championship last year
—Of course, it’s my favorite basketball team — Warriors.
A.whose B.which C.who
5.—What are they talking about
—They are talking about the greatest inventions _______ have made a big difference to our daily life.
A.which B.who C.that
6.Parasite《寄生虫》became the first non-English best movie ______ has won Oscars in history.
A.that B.which C.who
7.Would you please tell me about the plan ________ you made ________ your leave
A.who; after B.what; when C.which; while D.that; before
8.Treasure Island is the most ________ novel ________ I have read.
A.interesting;which B.interesting;that C.interested;that
9. —Tomorrow is Father’s Day. What’s your surprise for your father
—The first thing ___________ I will do is to make a card for him.
A. who B. where C. whose D. that
10.We all like comedies ______ make us relaxed.
A.who B.that C.whom
11.I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me.
A.who B.which C.what D.how
12.I’ll never forget the day______ the great scientist came to our school and gave us a street.
A.that B.which C.when D.where
13. This is the factory _____ they visited 2 years ago .
A . who B . which C . when D . where
I want to go to the park ______we used to fly kites again.
A . that B . when C . where D . which
The room _____window faces south is my parents’.
A . who B . which C . that D . whose
参考答案:
1.【答案】A
【解析】句意:李文亮是一位勇敢的医生,被许多中国人所熟知。
考查定语从句。A. who谁;B. which哪一个;C. what什么;D. when什么时候。根据句子结构,这是一个定语从句,先行词为doctor,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,故应用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选A。
2.【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你知道李子柒吗?——当然知道,她是一个美丽的女孩,她制作了许多视频来展示中国传统的生活方式。
考查定语从句。whose谁的;where哪里;which哪一个;who谁。句中girl是先行词,表示“人”,所以使用关系代词who引导定语从句,who has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life作girl的定语。故选D。
3.【答案】B
【解析】本题考查定语从句,不定代词everything作先行词,故定语从句引导词用that。
4.【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你听说过去年赢得NBA总冠军的篮球队吗? ——当然,它是我最喜欢的篮球队——勇士队。
考查定语从句。A. whose表先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系;B. which指物;C. who指人。根据句子结构,先行词为basketball team,指物,且关系代词在从句中作主语,故选B。
5.【答案】C
【解析】句意:——他们在谈论什么?——他们正在谈论对我们日常生活产生重大影响的最伟大的发明。
考查定语从句关系词。which先行词指物,在从句中作主语、宾语或定语;who先行词指人,在从句中作主语;that先行词指人或物,在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。结合题干可知先行词“inventions”指物,且在从句中作主语,排除B;先行词前有形容词最高级“the greatest”修饰,关系词不能用which只能用that,排除A。故选C。
6.【答案】A
【解析】句意:《寄生虫》成为历史上第一部获得奥斯卡最佳影片奖的非英语电影。
考查定语从句的关系词辨析。that既可指人又可指物的关系代词;which指物的关系代词;who指人的关系代词。根据句子结构,此句是一个定语从句,先行词movie指物,在从句中作主语,排除C选项。当先行词被形容词最高级best修饰时,关系词只能用that,所以空格处填that。故选A。
7.【答案】D
【解析】句意:你能在你离开之前给我讲讲你做的这个计划么?
考查定语从句和状语从句。who谁,指人;what什么,不引导定语从句;which哪一个,指物;that在定语从句中可以代替人或者物。先行词是plan,定语从句用which或者that来引导,which 或者that在定语从句中作宾语。after在……之后;when 当……时候;while当……时候;before在……之前。根据“your leave”可知第二空用before引导时间状语从句,表示“在你离开之前”。故选D。
8.【答案】B
【解析】句意:《金银岛》是我读过的最有趣的小说。
考查形容词辨析和关系代词辨析。interesting有趣的,主要表示“某物是有趣的”;interested感兴趣的,主要表示“某人对某事感兴趣”;此处指“有趣的小说”,所以用interesting。定语从句中先行词指物时,which和that都可以用,但当先行词有最高级修饰时,关系代词只能用that,本句中的先行词novel 由最高级修饰,所以用that,故选B。
9.【答案】D
【解析】句意:——明天就是父亲节了。你想给你的父亲什么样的惊喜?——我要做的第一件事就是为他做一张卡片。A. who谁;B. where哪里;C. whose谁的;D. that用来引出从句。当先行词是序数词或其被序数词修饰时,引导词用that来引导。空前面的先行词是The first thing,是序数词,因此本题的引导词应该用that。故选D。
10.【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们都喜欢喜剧,喜剧让我们放松。
考查定语从句。who指代人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语;that指代人或物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语;whom指代人,在定语从句中作宾语。先行词是comedies,是物,用关系代词that,that在定语从句做主语。故选B。
11.【答案】A
【解析】句意:我将记住我生命中那些帮助和支持过我的重要的人们。
考查关系代词。who先行词为人;which先行词为物;what不引导定语从句;how在从句中充当方式状语。此处引导定语从句修饰先行词people,是人,应该用who引导,故选A。
12.【答案】C
【解析】句意:我从来没有忘记伟大的科学家来我们学校做演讲的那一天。
考查定语从句引导词。根据句子结构可知,该空引导的是定语从句,修饰空前的名词the day。that是关系代词,先行词可以是人,也可以是物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;which是关系代词,先行词是物,在从句中作主语或宾语;where是关系副词,先行词是指地点名词,在从句中作状语。When是关系副词,先行词是指时间名词,在从句中作状语。这个定语从句修饰的名词指物,并且从句中补缺主语,宾语,缺状语,应用when引导。故选A。
13.【答案】B
【解析】句意:这是我两年前去过的工厂。
考查定语从句引导词。which关系代词,引导定语从句时,指代物,并且在句中充当主语或者宾语;who谁,指代人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。where是关系副词,先行词是指地点名词,在从句中作状语。when是关系副词,先行词是指时间名词,在从句中作状语。本题先行词地点名词,指物,引导词在从句中作宾语,因此B选项符合题意,故选B。
14.【答案】C
【解析】句意:我想再去一次我们曾经放风筝的公园。
考查定语从句引导词。which关系代词,引导定语从句时,指代物,并且在句中充当主语或者宾语;that关系代词,指代人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。where是关系副词,先行词是指地点名词,在从句中作状语。when是关系副词,先行词是指时间名词,在从句中作状语。本题先行词地点名词,指物,引导词在从句中作状语,因此C选项符合题意,故选C。
15.【答案】D
【解析】句意:窗户朝南的那个房间是我父母的。
考查定语从句引导词。which关系代词,引导定语从句时,指代物,并且在句中充当主语或者宾语;that关系代词,指代人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。who谁,指代人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。whose是关系代词,先行词是指人指物,在从句中作定语。本题先行词是room,指物,引导词在从句中作定语,room和从句中名词window有所属关系,因此D选项符合题意,故选D。
定语从句(2)
1.The boy ________ is holding a ball is my brother.
A.what B.which C.不填 D.who
2.Du Fu is a great Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world.
A.which B.whom C.who
3.Our teacher told us a funny story ____ made us laugh.
A.when B.which C.who D.whom
4.—Do you know the boy_______ got the first prize in the talent show
—Of course. He's my new neighbor.
A.whose B.whom C.which D.who
5.—We teenagers should look up to the people ______ have made great achievements to our country, like Yuan Longping.
—I think so.
A.who B.what C.which D.whose
6.The book ______cover has a beautiful picture is Lily's.
A.which B.whose C.that
7.In America, Thanksgiving is a holiday________celebrates the love of family.
A. who B./ C. that
8.I like teachers________ classes are interesting and creative.
A.which B.who C.whom D.whose
9.The boy ____won the first prize is called Roy.
A.when B.whom C.who D.which
10.- What are they talking about
-I’ m not sure. Maybe the things and the people ______ they experienced in the Big Data Expo .
A . which B . who C . whom D . that
11.The girl ______is wearing a blue dress is my sister.
A.whom B.which C.who
12. There is little money ______ I can spend on books .
which B. that C. who D. when
13.—Do you know the old man_______ wears glasses on TV
—Of course. He's Zhong Nanshan.
A.who B.whom C.which D./
14.—The singer _______comes from USA is called Bob.
—I know. The most popular song _____was sung by him was on the CCTV show last night.
A.who; which B.who; that C.that; which D.whom; that
15.We have caught a man who_____ Miss Brown ’ s descriptions .
A . match B. matches C . to match D . matching
参考答案
1.【答案】D
【解析】句意:这个拿着球的男孩是我的弟弟。
考查定语从句。what什么;which哪一个,指代物;who谁,指代人。the boy是先行词,表示的人,定语从句用who指代人,在从句中做主语。故选D。
2.【答案】C
【解析】句意:杜甫是一位伟大的中国诗人,他受到世界各地许多人的欢迎。
考查定语从句。which哪一个;whom宾格,谁;who主格,谁。句中poet是先行词,表示“人”,所以此处使用who或whom引导定语从句,由于引导词在从句中作主语,所以此处使用who引导定语从句。故选C。
3.【答案】B
【解析】句意:老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事,我们都笑了。
考查关系代词。when先行词为时间名词,在句中作状语;which先行词为物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;who先行词为人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whom宾格,谁,指代人,在定语从句中作宾语。根据题干可知,这里考查定语从句的引导词,先行词story为物,在定语从句中做主语,所以使用关系代词which,故答案选B。
4.【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你认识那个在才艺表演中获得一等奖的男孩吗 ——当然。他是我的新邻居。
本题考查定语从句的关联词。whose的先行词是人或物,在定语从句中做定语;whom的先行词是人,在定语从句中做宾语;which的先行词是物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语;who的先行词是人,在定语从句中做主语。本句的先行词是the boy是人,在定语从句中做主语,故选D。
5.【答案】A
【解析】句意:——我们青少年应该尊敬像袁隆平这样为国家做出巨大成就的人。——我也这样认为。
考查定语从句。who在定语从句中指人,在句中作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句;which在定语从句中指物,在句中作主语或宾语;whose在定语从句中指人或物,在句中作定语。根据语境可知,我们应该尊重像袁隆平这样的人,先行词people指人,且从句缺少主语,故应用who来引导定语从句。故选A。
6.【答案】B
【解析】句意:封面上有漂亮图画的那本书是莉莉的。
本题考查定语从句。which引导定语从句,作主语,宾语或表语;whose引导定语从句,作定语;that引导定语从句,作主语,宾语或表语。此处修饰名词cover用whose。故选B。
7.【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:在美国,感恩节是庆祝家庭之爱的节日。后面的句子修饰名词holiday,判断是定语从句。holiday作先行词,表示“物”,定语从句用that或which引导。因此选C。
8.【答案】D
【解析】句意:我喜欢上课有趣和有创意的老师。
本题考查定语从句。which的先行词是物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语;who的先行词是人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语;whom的先行词是人,在定语从句中做宾语;whose的先行词是人或物,在定语从句中做定语。本句的先行词是teachers,指人,和后面的classes构成所属关系,在定语从句中做定语,所以应用关系代词whose。故选D。
9.【答案】C
【解析】句意:获得一等奖的男孩叫罗伊。
本题主要考查定语从句。本题中修饰boy是一个定语从句,先行词是boy,修饰人的用who,在从句中做主语,故选C。
10.【答案】D
【解析】句意:-他们在谈论什么?-我不确定,可能是他们在大数据展会上遇到的人和事情。
考查定语从句引导词。本题先行词是the things and the people,既有人,又有物,引导词在从句中作宾语,用that引导,因此D选项符合题意,故选D。
11.【答案】C
【解析】句意:穿一条蓝色连衣裙的女孩是我的姐姐。
考查who引导的定语从句。whom先行词是人,定语从句中作宾语;which先行词是物,定语从句中作主语或宾语;who先行词是人,定语从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子可知,本句是定语从句,先行词是The girl指人,引导词在从句中作主语。故选C。
12.【答案】B
【解析】句意:我没有可以买书的钱了。
考查定语从句引导词。本题先行词是money指代物,引导词在从句中作宾语,又因为先行词被little,all,few,no等修饰用that引导,因此B选项符合题意,故选B。
13.【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你认识那位电视上戴着眼镜的老人吗?——当然认识。他是钟南山。
本题考查定语从句。who指人,在从句中作主语和宾语;whom指人,在从句中作宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语和宾语;当关系代词that在从句中作宾语时,可以省略that。先行词是man,表示人,在定语从句中作主语,用who引导定语从句,故选A。
14.【答案】B
【解析】句意:——这位来自美国的歌手叫鲍勃。——我知道。在昨晚中央电视台的节目中是他唱的最流行的歌曲。
本题考查定语从句。第一空先行词singer,表示人,在定语从句缺少主语,因此用who引导定语从句。第二空先行词song前有形容词最高级the most popular修饰,用that引导定语从句,不可以用which,故选B。
15.【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们抓了一个匹配Miss Brown描述的人。
考查定语从句主谓一致。本题先行词a man是单数,从句谓语部分也要保持一致,因此B选项符合题意,故选B。