中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
形容词和副词
考点一 形容词的基本用法
形容词修饰名词或代词,作定语,表语,宾补。
作定语: 形容词作定语时,放在所修饰词的前面.但形容词修饰something,anything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后;形容词修饰疑问代词时,也须放在其后.
如 :
I have something important to say.我有重要的事情要说.
What else can you see 你还能看见什么
作表语.形容词作表语时,放在系动词的后面.常见的系动词有be, become, get, make, turn, keep, feel, look,seem ,smell,sound,taste等.
如 :
He looks happy today.今天他看起来很开心 .
作宾语补足语.形容词作宾语补足语时, 应放在宾语之后,表示宾语的性质、状态或身份等. 如:
He always makes us happy.他总是使我们高兴 .
表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后.如 :
It’s about two thousand meters long.它大约两千米长 .
有些形容词貌似副词.如 :
friendly(友好的) ,lively(生动的) , lovely(可爱的),lonely(孤独的)等.
有些形容词与定冠词the连用,表示一类人或物.如 :
We should respect the old.我们应该尊敬老人.
enough修饰名词时既可以放在名词的前面,也可以放在其后面;enough作状语修饰形容词或副词时,应该放在形容词或副词之后.如 : She is old enough to look after her baby sister. 她够大可以照顾她的妹妹.
多个形容词作定语时,通常按“性质→大小(长短、高低、形状等)→年龄/新旧→颜色→国 籍(地区、出处等) →材料”的顺序排列.如 :
long black hair黑色的长发
考点二 副词的基本用法
副词常见分类
时间副词 soon,now,early,finally等
地点副词 here,there,outside,downstairs等
方式副词 fast,slowly等
程度副词 very,quite,rather等
频度副词 usually,always,often,hardly等
疑问副词 how,where,when,why等
温馨提示
地点副词、时间副词和方式副词放在句尾,它们同时出现时的顺序是:方式副词→地点副词→ 时间副词.如 :
The students are doing their homework carefully in the classroom now.
副词常修饰动词,形容词,副词和句子。
如: Luckily, he found his lost dog.
形容词变副词的规律:
一般情况加ly: careful- carefully
以y结尾,改y为i, 再加ly: happy- happily
部分以e,结尾,前为元音,去e再加ly: true- truly
以辅音字母加le结尾,前为元音也去e加ly: terrible- terribly
特例清单:
wide(宽的)-widely(广泛地) late(晚的)-lately(最近)
high(高的)-highly(高度地) hard(艰苦的,努力地)-hardly(几乎不)
考点三 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
句型 意义
as+形容词/副词原级+as 两者比较,程度相同.“as...as”表肯定,not as...as=not so...as表否定。 如 : This book is as thick as that one.这本书几乎同那本一样厚 . He is not as/so tall as you.他和你不一样高.
形容词/副词比较级 +than 两者进行比较. 注意:much,a lot, even, a little, a bit修饰比较级,表程度。 如 : She gets up earlier than her family.她比家人起得早 .
比较级+and+比较级 “越来越... ...”,多音节的词用“more and more +形容词或副词原级”. 如 : She is fatter and fatter.她越来越胖了. Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的国家变得越来越美了.
the+比较级,the+比 较级 “越......,越......”,如: The more he gets, the more he wants. 他得到越多就想要更多.
形容词/副词最高级+介词 短语(比较范围: in,of,among) 意为“(三者或三者以上)最... ...的”.如: He is the tallest boy in our class.他是我们班上最高的男孩. He works hardest of all. 他在所有人中学习最用功的一个.
形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成规则。
1)一般在其后加er, est构成比较级和最高级。如:hard, harder, hardest
2)末尾有e加r或 st构成比较级和最高级;如:nice;nicer;nicest
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词,先把y变成i加er, est。如:healthy, healthier, healthiest
4)以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写最后一个辅音字母,再加er, est。如:big, bigger, biggest
5)多音节词要在词前加more, most构成比较级和最高级。
如:interesting, more interesting, most interesting
某些双音节词,要在词前加more, most构成比较级和最高级。
如:careful, more careful, most careful
7)由一个形容词加ly构成的副词,要在词前加more, most构成比较级和最高级。如:
busily, more busily, most busily
8)由使动词+ ed或+ ing 构成的形容词,要在词前加more, most构成比较级和最高级。如:
relaxing, more relaxing, most relaxing
9)不规则变化:
多少: many/ much, more, most; little,
less, least(修饰不可数名词); few,fewer,fewest(修饰可数名词)
好坏: good/ well, better, best; bad/ badly, worse, worst;
老: old, older/ elder, oldest/ eldest; elder,eldest表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼秩序。
远: far, farther/ further, farthest/ furthest;
farther,farthest 表示实际距离的远近。further,furthest表示抽象意义更进一步。
10) 注意一下词的比较级最高级:
early, earlier, earliest
friendly, friendlier/ more friendly, friendliest/ most friendly
特例句型
“主语+谓语动词+the+比较级+of the two+其他”, 表示“两者中较... ...的”. Jack is the taller one of the two brothers.杰克是他们兄弟两人中较高的一个 .
“主语+谓语动词+ one of the+最高级+复数名词+ in/of短语”表示“......是最......的之一”.
Mis Li is one of the most popular teachers in our school.
李老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一 .
“主语+谓语动词+the+序数词+最高级+in/of短语”表示“......是第... ...最... ...的”.
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河.
疑问词+be/V实义 +the+ adj最高级/adv最高级, A, B or C?
Who is the friendliest, you, she or he
比较级表示最高级: ...比较级+than + any other +n单数;
...比较级+than + the other +n复数
He is older than any other student/the other students in his class.
专题:形容词、副词
单选题
1.Shanghai is larger than _____ city in New Zealand.
A. any other B. other C. any
2.. My uncle will come to Shanghai ______ next week .He says he will stay here for______.
A. sometimes; sometime B .sometime ;some time
C. some time ;sometimes D. some times ;sometimes
3.--______is it from here to the Capital Airport
--Nearly sixty kilometers.
A. How long B. How much C. How often D. How far
4.The experts think that India’s population may be ____ than China’s ____ 2020.
5.–How are you today, Francis
–Much _______, but my doctor says I’ll still have to rest for another few days.
A. well B. good C. better D. best
6.My brother is very lazy, he _______ gets up before 7 o’clock in the morning.
A. hardly ever B. always C. sometimes
7.---What’s the world’s ______ national park?
--- It’s Yellowstone National Park in the US.
A. old B. older
C. oldest D. the oldest
8.—It's much ___________today . Shall we go swimming this afternoon
—Good idea, I've got nothing to do.
A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. the hottest
9.—Mummy, could you buy me a dress like this
—Certainly. We can buy ______ one than this, but________ this
A. a better, better than B. a worse, as good as
C. a cheaper, as good as D.a more expensive, not as good as
10.–_________ is Father’s Day
–It’s the third Sunday in June.
A. What B. Why C. When D. Where
11.---What do you think of the match
---Oh, I’ve never seen _____ one before!
A. a more exciting B. a more excited
C. the more exciting D. the more excited
12.-Which city is your favorite
-Hangzhou, of course. It is the _____ place that I have ever visited.
A. good B. better C. best D. worst
13.—______ eggs do you need for the soup — Well, one is probably.
A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How long
14.Now more and more children leave their parents when they grow up.
It makes the old feel .
A. alone B. lonely C. frightened D. enjoyable
15.Lisa sent for a doctor because she felt much __________.
A. ill B. worse C. worst D. the worst
16.—— Can you help me with my English
——I’m sorry to tell you my English is ________ yours.
A. as good as B. not worse than C. not better than
17. The movie Taojie is __________ one that I’ve ever seen.
A. more exciting B. the most excited C. the most exciting D. more excited
18.-- Are you feeling ______ now
-- Yes, the medicine works. Thank you.
A. worse B. better C. bad D. good
19.There’s nothing than going out in the cold with wet hair.
A. worse B. worst C. the worse D. the worst
20.I’m surprised to find that my shoes are ________ the same as Jim’s.
A. quietly B. easily C. widely D. exactly
专题:形容词、副词
1.C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:上海比新西兰的任何一个城市都大。分析:比较级的构成:比较级+than +any/the other +名词。联系本句比较的对象并不在同一范围,因此不能用other,故选 C
2.B
【解析】此题考查四个短语的区别。sometimes的意思是“有时”,是副词。 sometime也是副词,意思是“在某个时候”。可用于一般过去时与将来时。some time是名词短语,它的意思是“一段时间”。some times也是一个名词短语,time在这里用作可数名词,意思是“次数”。 some times的意思是“几次”。
3.D
【解析】根据答语可知询问的是距离,故用how far来提问。
A. much; by B. more; in C. larger; by4.C
【解析】表示人口多少要用large或small, 排除A、B。句意:专家认为到2020年印度的人口可能会多于中国的。
5.C
【解析】本题考查形容词。根据上下文之间的关系,同时much 后接形容词比较级,故选C。句意:——Francis,今天你怎么样?——好得多了。但我的医生说我将仍然不得不休息几天。
6. A
【解析】考查频率副词。句意:我的哥哥非常懒惰,他几乎从来没在早晨7点前起床。故选A。
7.C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:---世界上最古老的国家公园是哪个?---是美国的黄石国家公园。因为世界上有许多公园,所以这里进行的比较应该用最高级,形容词最高级前要加定冠词,但这里有名词所有格要省略the,故选C。
8.B
【解析】much一般可以修饰不可数名词或形容词比较级,本题所给的答案都为形容词,故选比较级,即答案为B,符合题意。
9.C
【解析】第一个空后接than 表示用比较级,as …as中间接形容词原形,再根据意思,可知答案为C
10.C
【解析】疑问词辨析。What什么; Why为什么;When什么时候;Where在哪儿。
根据下文的回答在六月第三个星期日,可知问句为问的的是时间,故选C
11.A
【解析】此题考查形容词的比较级表示最高级的概念。“我以前从没看过一场令人激动的比赛。”言外之意是这是最令人激动的比赛。
12.C
【解析】根据句意应在形容词的最高级。
13.A
【解析】本题考查疑问代词。根据后文one is probably,所以how many +可数名词复数形式,故选A。句意:——汤你需要多少鸡蛋?——嗯,一个就可以了。
14.B
【解析】
试题分析:alone只是陈述一个客观事实,意思是“独自一人”、“没有同伴或助手”,只用作表语。有时放在名词或代词后,表示“仅仅”、“只有”,可作形容词。 另外,alone 可用作副词,表示“独自地”、“单独地”; lonely 则有浓厚的感调,指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊时所发生的一种悲伤的和忧郁的感情,意思是“孤独”、“寂寞”,作形容词。Frightened,吓坏的,害怕的;enjoyable快乐的,令人愉快的。句意:现在越来越多的孩子在长大后离开了父母、——这让这些老人感到很孤独。结合语境可知选B。
15.B
【解析】在形容词或副词的比较级前面可以用much来修饰。
16.C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:——你能帮助我学习英语吗?——很抱歉的告诉你我的英语不如你的好。A. as good as 和……一样好; B. not worse than 不比……差;C. not better than 不及……好。根据I’m sorry to tell you可知很抱歉的要说,因此他的英语不好。故选C。
17.C
【解析】本题表达的意思,是我曾经看过的电影中,故用最高级,故选C
18.B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:--现在,你感觉好点了吗?--是的,这个药起作用了。谢谢。分析:考查形容词的用法,句意为现在好些了吗,意思是与刚才进行比较,因此运用比较级的用法。故选B
19.A
【解析】根据语境可知此题考查的是形容词的比较级的相关知识。形容词bad的比较级是worse,没有比湿着头发呆在寒冷的外边更糟糕的事情了,故选A。
20.D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:我惊奇地发现,我的鞋子恰好完全与吉姆的相同。A. quietly 安静地;B. easily 容易地;C. widely 广泛地;D. exactly恰好地。依据句意可知,答案为D。