【备战2014，教师原创】2014年高考英语语法备考 代词 课件

课件42张PPT。代词Pronoun代词的分类1、人称代词
2、物主代词
3、反身代词
4、指示代词
5、相互代词
6、不定代词
7、疑问代词
8、连接代词、关系代词人称代词 一、人称代词的用法作主语用主格;作宾语用宾格。
She teaches us English.
在单独使用在没有谓语的句子中时，用宾格作主语。
eg. A. _Who will go there to fetch a desk?
_Me.
B._I like her.
_ Me, too.
作主语补语时用主格、作宾语补语时用宾格
I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她。
They took me to be her.　 他们把我当成了她。
2)在句中作表语，常用宾格。- Who is it? -It’s me.
但是：有时也用主格：
a. If I were she, I would’t go there.
b. It was I who told him about it.

.
3）要注意这样的句子意思：
a. I like you as much as her.
(我喜欢你和喜欢她一样）
b. I like you as much as she.
(我和她一样喜欢你）
c. I love you more than him.
(我爱你胜过爱他）
d. I love you more than he.
（我比他更爱你.）人称代词的顺序：
1）we you and they
2) you he she and I
(但是:如果是承担责任时又将I放在最前面）
3）he and she
4)如果比自己地位的人在一起也将I置前
另类用法：
如果指心目中的人要用it
_Who is there?
_It is Li Ming.
she通常还可以用来指国家，船只，大地，月亮，猫狗等，（在美国常用she指代狗，he指代猫）。1.Who is going to help them,_____?
you or me B. I or you
C. you or I D.me or you 2. __will attend the meeting to be held
next Thursday.
I,he and you B. You , he and I
C. He, you and I D. You ,I and he
3. Who _____ at the door? It’s ____.
A. are you, I B. is he, him
C. is it, me D. is it, I
二、物主代词1.Are these trousers yours?
No. ______ are over there.
2. Her hair is much longer than ____ (我的).
3. This dog of ____ (你) never bites.
(名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+相同的名词）
Minemineyours三、反身代词反身代词所搭配的词组：
1.by oneself 独自地（无人作伴）
2.for oneself 替/为自己，单独地（独自思考，不需讨论）
3.of oneself 自动地，自行地，单独地（无需别人帮忙）
4. to oneself 对自己
5.in oneself 本来，本身
6.between oneselves 秘密地
be not oneself 身体不舒服
not look oneself
反身代词的句法功能：
1.作主语同位语
位置可以紧跟在主语后面也可以放在句子最后末尾。
You can go there yourself.
You yourself can go there.
2.作宾语同位语
I often see him himself clean his office.
3.作表语
4.作宾语
（介词宾语和动词宾语）
5.作并列主语填空：用反身代词（短语）
1.Yours is not a bad idea ____________.
2. Laura is not quite _________ today
3. Please don’t call on me. I am not_______ today.
4. What I said just now is only _____________.
5. If you don’t believe me, you can go and see ________________.
6. I don’t know when the door closed____________. in itself herself myself for myself yourself of itself 动词词组：
1.congratulate oneself on 暗自庆幸
2.enjoy oneself
3. express oneself 表达
4.devote oneself to 致力于,献身于……
5. dress oneself 穿衣
6. find oneself 发现自己……
7.help oneself to 随便吃
8.make oneself at home 不要客气
9. hide oneself 躲藏
10. hurt oneself 受伤
11. lose oneself in 陶醉于
12. keep sth. to oneself 保守秘密
13. seat oneself 就坐
14. leave sb by oneself 把某人单独留下
15. teach oneself, learn sth by oneself 自学
16.apply oneself to 致力于
17.content oneself with 对…… 满意
18.occupy oneself … 忙碌于……
19.tear oneself away from 依依不舍地离开
20.make oneself understood 让别人听懂
21.come to oneself 苏醒
22.call oneself 自称……
one’s own/ of one’s own 某人自己的
This is his own house .（这是他自己的房子）
This is a house of his own.（这是他自己的一栋房子）
This house is his own.（这栋房子是他自己的） 四，指示代词1.时空的差别 （离我们近的就用 this,远的就用that）
This seat is here near me and that one is in the last row.
Which will you have, this or that？
2. this 和 that 在行文叙述上的差别。
(下文要说的用this,上文已经说过的用that)
1）I shall say this to you: he is a poor man.
2）He was ill. That’s why he didn’t come.
3）I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday.
3.用于人物介绍
This is my friend and that is my student.
4.电话用语
_Who is that?（你是谁？）
_This is…（我是……）
5.相当于 so ,“这样，那样”
Can hard work change a person that much?
Sorry ,I can’t run this far?
6.one/some/it
___I want to find a hotel. Is there one nearby?
___Yes, there are some. The best one is very large.
___Can you tell me where it is?
7.some/certain/a(an)
1)Some/A certain boy is waiting for you.（有个男孩在等你）
2)Some/Certain boys are playing there.（有些男孩在等你）
3)Xiao Fang is there.（小芳在等你）
4)A Xiao Fang is there.（有个叫小芳的在等你）



8.名词的替代：(one, ones, that, those)
1)This ruler is longer than that one.
2)These rulers are longer than those ones.
3)This ruler is longer than that/the one on the desk.
4)These rulers are longer than those/the ones on the desk.
5)The water in this sea is deeper than that in that one.
6)This pair of shoes is older than that (pair).
7)This piece of paper is newer than that (piece).
解析：
1.一个名词在句中第二次出现的话，可数名词单数用one替代(如1),可数名词复数用ones替代(如2)。
2.一个名词在句中第二次出现且后面有定语的时候，可数名词单数用that/the one替代（如3），可数名词复数用those/the ones替代（如4），不可数名词只能用that替代（如5）

五，不定代词
1. every/each（每）
every只能用于三者以上,each没有限制
1)There are trees on every/each side of the playground.
2)There are trees on each side of the street.
2.both/neither/either/all/none
both(只能用于两者“两者都”)
neither(只能用于两者“两者中如何一个都不”)
either(只能用于两者“两者中随便哪一个”)
all(三者以上“都”) none(三者中任何一个“都不”)
1)There are trees on both sides of the road. ↘
2)There are trees on each side of the road. →
3)There are trees on either side of the road.↗
4) All of my friends are doctors.
5)None of my friends are doctors.
道路每边都有树。3.none/nothing的区别
看看下面句中他们的用法，体会其不同含义
1) There is nothing in my room, so I want to buy some furniture.
2)How I want to have some furniture in my room, but there is none at present.
3) He was very hungry ,but he found none in the cupboard.
4)He has nothing to read today.
5)He wants to read books ,but he has none.
由上例句可见：nothing指没有东西，none指没有心中所指的东西或者前面提到的物。即:none=no+前面提到或者心中明白的那个名词。
6) How can you hope for mercy if you show none?
4.one…the other…（只能用于两者）一个……另一个……
1)I have two sisters.One is a doctor and the other is a teacher.
2)I have three books.One is English and the other two are Chinese.
3)She has bought four computers.One is expensive and the other three are very cheap.
5.(三者之间）one…one…a third…
one…another…a third…
one…another…and still another…
1)He has three coats.One is blue,one is red and a third is white.
2)They have drawn three pictures.One is a horse ,another is a cat and a third is a snake.
3I know three foreigners.One is American,another is English and still another is German.
6.(在一定范围内）
（除去一部分人或物剩余的部分不是全部）some…others…
（除去一部分人或物剩余的全部）some…the others…
（有的……有的……有的….）some…some…some…others…
1)There are 60 students in our class.Some are boys and the others are girls.
2)There are 60 students in our class.Some are very short and others are very tall.
3)When doing general cleaning,some are sweeping the floor,some are cleaning the blackboard,some are carrying water and others are cleaning the windows.
7.others 除了上述短语中的用法，还有“别人”的意思。
eg.Don’t lend my books to others.
8.another 泛指另一个
eg.1)I don’t like this pen,please show me another.
2)If you are unwilling to help you,I have to turn to another.
9.部分否定（不完全否定）
All …not…= Not all…（并非都……)
Both…not…= Not both…(并非两个都……)
Every…not…= Not every…(并非每个都……)
1)All is not gold that gliters.(闪光的东西不一定都是金子)
2)All the students are not busy.=Not all the students are busy.(并非所有的学生都忙)
3)Both his parents aren’t doctors.=Not both his parents are doctors.(他父母亲并不都是医生)
4)Every boy doesn’t like English.=Not every boy likes English.(并非每个男孩都喜欢英语)将上面的句子改为全部肯定和全部否定：
1) a.All the students are busy.( 所有学生都忙)
b.None of the students are/is busy.(学生们都不忙)
2)a.Both his parente are doctors.=Both of his parents are doctors.=Either his parent is a doctor.=Either of his parents is a doctor.(他父母都是医生)
b.Neither his parent is a doctor.=Neither of his parents are doctors/is a doctor.(他父母都不是医生)
3)a.Every boy likes English.(每个男孩都喜欢英语)
b. None of the boys like(s) English.(每个男孩都不喜欢英语)9.与 other有关常用短语
the other day(前几天）
some other day( 改天）
other than（除了）
in other words（换句话说）
every other day（每隔一天）
none other than(不是别人 / 他物正是……)
among others(此外还有，除了别的以外）
other from(不同于）
10.与none有关的短语
none of one’s business（不关某人的事）
second to none（独树一帜，屈指可数）
have none of 不参加，不接受，不理睬
be none the wiser不知情
none too(形容词、副词前）不太，一点都不
11. 几个代词+but的短语
none but(=no one except)
None but my mother fully understands my condition.
（最了解我的情况的人是我的母亲)
※ nothing but( 仅仅，肯定，绝对）
He is nothing but a doctor.
※ anything but(=not at all, by no means)
He is anything but a doctor.
The question is anything but easy.
all but(=nearly/almost
She all but fainted when she heard the news.
（听到那消息，她差点晕过去。）
.
注意下面三种完全的否定回答 1）___Who is in the room now?
___Nobody/No one.

2） ___What did you do yesterday?
___Nothing.
3） ___How many books do you have?
___None.
___How much furniture is there in your room?
___None.六，与something/anything/nothing 有关的短语
do something/do things/take measures (steps ) 采取措施
do nothing 没有采取措施
do much 采取大量的措施
do little 几乎没有采取措施
do what 采取什么措施

have something to do with 与……有关
have nothing to do with 与……无关
have no reference to 与……无关
have much to do with 与……有很大的关系
have little to do with 与 ……几乎没有关系
have what to do with 与……有什么关系

have something in common with 与……有共同之处
have nothing in common with 与…….没有共同之处
have much in common with 与……有许多共同之处
have little in common with 与……几乎没有共同之处1)if anything(如果有什么区别的话）
You ,if anything, are a little lazier.
Her family ,if anything ,is richer than mine.
2)if any（如果有的话）
Please correct the mistakes, if any.
3)something like( 类似某人/某事物;近似于某人/某事物）
a. Your coat is something like hers.(你外套和她的相仿）
b. He earns something like 3000 yuan a month.
4)not much of a（不太好的）
He is not much of a doctor.（他并不是个高明的医生）

七，it 的用法
1.上文提到的事、物
Yesterday I bought a book and it is very interesting.
2.心目中的人，事
_Who is knocking at the door?
_It is me.
3. 时间，天气，距离，温度，环境等
1)It’s five now.
2)It’s 10 miles from here to the center.
3)Is it very cold in winter there?
4)It’s minus two degrees centigrade today.
5)In my hometown it is quiet at night.
4.形式主语
（代替不定式，不定式复合结构，动名词，动名词复合结构或者从句）
1)It’s hard for us to study all the subjects well.
2)It’s fun to swim in the river in summer.
3)It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.
4)It’s a waste of money you/your buying too much fruit.
5)It’s true that he came here last week.
5.形式宾语
1)（代替不定式，动名词或者从句）
a) We think it hard to study all the subjects well.
b) We find it no use studying without goals.
c) You must keep( it )in mind that we should try our best.
2) like/love/hate/appreciate/prefer +it +if/when/that…
a.I like it if you can come here.
b. I would appreciate it if you accepted.
c.I hate it when you speak with your mouth full.
3)have(表明,报道）take（认为，猜想）put（表达，写出来)+ it + that从句。
a. May I take it that you have agreed to stay with us．
b. Report has it that 10 people were killed in the accident.
c. As he puts it, she is selfish.更多的例句：
a) have it that…称……属实，说……是真的
Rumour has it that…据传……
b) take it that假定/假设/认为
I take it that he won’t succeed.
c) take it from me that我敢担保…/…肯定没错
Take it from me that he will succeed.
d）put it to sb. that…与……挑明 /对……提出
I put it to you that you are an idiot.
(我给你说白了，你就是一个白痴)
4)v+介词+ it + that从句
see to (确保，保证)
eg. Please see to it that the door is shut.
depend on(指望)
eg.Don’t depend on it that I will help you.
insist on (坚持)
eg.He insists on it that she go tomorrow.
swear to(发誓)
eg. I swear to it that I will work hard from now on.6.固定表达：
1)It depends=That depends.(看情况）
2)before sb. realized/knew it.（不知不觉的）
3) Forget it.（忘了吧）
4) Guessed it.（猜对了）
5) Got it.（知道了）
6) I can’t help it./It can’t be helped.（我没有办法）
7) Don’t mention it.（不用提）
8) When it comes to…,…(当说到 ……)
9)make it .（ 成功）make it to（成功到达…..）
10) take it /things easy.（不要急，别紧张）
11)If it’s convenient to you,（如果你方便的话）
12)If it were not for…/If it hadn’t been for… （要不是） 13)believe it or not ( 信不信由你）
14)take it or leave it.(要就要，不要就拉倒）
15)Let’s call it a day. （到此结束） 16)It’s a deal.（成交）7.用于强调句型：
It is/was+被强调的部分+that+…
常考强调疑问词
疑问词+is it that+…（疑问句中）
疑问词+it is that+…（宾语从句中）
1)Please tell me when it was that you were born.
2)When was it that you were born?
3)What is it that you often do on Sunday?
4) I don’t know what it is that you often do on Sunday.
8.容易与强调句型混淆的句型
1)It was/will be +时间段+before…
It was 3 days before he came back.
It will be long before I buy a cellphone.
2)It is/was +时间名词+when…
It was five when he came back .
It is/was +时间状语+that…
It was at five that he came back.
3)It is/was+地点名词+where…
It is the school where I once worked for 10 years.
It is/was +地点状语+that…
It was in this school that I once studied for 3 years.
4)It is/will be/was the first/second…time that…
(某人第几次做某事 )
It is the first time that you have helped me.
It will be the third time that I have seen her.
It was the second time that he had read the book.
5)It is (high) time that..(是某人做……时候)
It is time that we should study hard.
It is high time that you worked hard.
6)It is/was/has been/had been 一段时间since…
It is/has been five years since he left here.
I saw her yesterday.It was /had been five years since he left here.9.it构成的常用句型
1）It goes without saying that…不言而喻
It goes without saying that he will go next week.
2）It remains to be seen …尚待分晓
It remains to be seen whether we can succeed.
3)It’s one’s turn to do sth. / It’s up to sb. to do sth.
It is my turn to clean the blackboard today.
4)It’s well-known/known to all that…
It’s well-known/known to all that the earth is round.5)It makes no difference whether…都是 一样/无区别
It makes no difference to me whether he can come next year.
6)It occurred to sb. that…
It occurred to me that we had to call her .
7)It used to be said that…常言道
It used to be said that there is no smoke without fire.
8) It takes sb. some time to do sth.
It took me three hours to finish the writing.
9)It is a wonder that…奇怪的是
It is a wonder that he always wakes in the night.
10.常见的用there而不用it的句型
1)There is no point/sense (in) doing…
2)There is a good chance that…
3)There is no doubt/wonder/possibility that…
4)There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.
5)There is no doing…
There is no saying/telling that...难以断言/很难说
6)There is/was a time when…曾经（有一个时候）
7)There seems/happens to be…
8)There is some difficulty/trouble (in) doingThank you for listening!