外研版选修6Module 5 Cloning 学案名师语法：if引导的虚拟语气(有答案）
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名师语法：if引导的虚拟语气
观察下列从P58－59 Reading and Vocabulary中选取的句子，体会虚拟语气的用法。
①I wish I had not created this creature, I wish I was on the other side of the world, I wish I could disappear!
②She looked well and happy but as I kissed her lips, they became pale, as if she were dead.
③He put out a hand, as if he wanted to keep me there, but I ran out of the room.
④I wish I had not done this terrible thing, I wish I was dead!
[自我总结]
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中：
1．表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句用____________。
2．表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句用____________。
【答案】 1.一般过去时 2.过去完成时
虚拟语气(Ⅰ)
语气(mood)是一种动词形式，表示说话人的意图或态度。英语中有陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、假想或建议。
一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气，表示不可能实现的愿望。宾语从句中的谓语动词有以下三种形式。
用法 宾语从句中谓语动词的形式 例句
表示目前不可能实现的愿望 动词过去式(be用were) I wish I were not so busy.但愿我不那样忙碌。
表示过去不可能实现的愿望 had＋动词的 ed形式 She wished she had stayed at home.她后悔的是她(当时)要是留在家里就好了。
表示将来不可能实现的愿望 would/could＋动词原形 I wish you wouldn't smoke any more.我希望你不要再抽烟了。
二、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句的结构
虚拟情况 虚拟条件句 主句
与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 If＋主语十动词的过去式(be动词用were) 主语＋should/ would/ could/ might＋ 动词原形
与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 If十主语＋had＋ 过去分词 主语＋ should/ would/ could/ might＋ have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反的虚拟语气 ①If＋主语十动词的过去式②If＋主语＋were to＋动词原形③If＋主语＋should＋动词原形 主语＋should/ would/ could/ might＋动词原形
三、使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：
1．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
If you had listened to my advice just now, you would be better now.如果刚才你听我的建议，现在你会好得多。
2．if省略句
在条件句中，可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。
Were I at school again, I would study harder.
如果我能再回到学校，我会更加努力学习。
Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.
如果来得早一点，你就能赶上公共汽车了。
若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用缩略形式。如：我们可以说：
Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.
如果不是因为费用，我现在就出国了。
但不能说：Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.
3．用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词用with，without，but for等。
What would you do with a million dollars？如果你有一百万美元你会做什么？
We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(＝if we hadn't got your help)没有你的帮助我们不可能提前完成工作。
But for the rain(＝If it hadn't been for the rain), we would have finished the work.如果不是下雨，我们已经完成工作了。
4．含蓄条件句
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词)
那天我病了，要不然我就参加运动会了。
A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.(定语从句)
一个人不喝水，大约七天就会死亡。
I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.
(连词)我应该给你更多的帮助，但我太忙了。
Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.(独立主格结构)
每件事都考虑到了，他们应该很快提高产量。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2012·北京高考)We ____ the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me
A．should face B．might face
C．could have faced D．must have faced
【解析】 虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能……。
【答案】 C
2．(2012·福建高考)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we________ more places of interest yesterday.
A．visited B．had visited
C．would visit D．would have visited
【解析】 本题考查虚拟语气的用法。本题关键是从时间状语yesterday知道是对过去的虚拟，前半句是个过去的客观事实“我们在那个小山村迷路”，otherwise否则后半句是用对过去的虚拟would have done，答案为D项。对虚拟语气的做法主要是看时间状语或是看里面的关键词是对什么时间的虚拟，这就很容易了。
【答案】 D
3．(2012·山东高考)If we ________ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so successful.
A．haven't made B．wouldn't make
C．didn't make D．hadn't made
【解析】 虚拟语气与动词时态。后一句中的wouldn't have been so successful是虚拟语气，句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会如此的成功。虚拟语气中与过去事实相反的情况中，主句用would have done，if引导的从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。
【答案】 D
4．(2013·江苏高考)I should not have laughed if I ________you were serious.
A．thought B．would think
C．had thought D．have thought
【解析】 考查虚拟语气。此处为if虚拟条件句，其主句使用的是should have done，可知是对过去的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时态表示对过去的虚拟。
【答案】 C
5．(2013·福建高考)—Do you think George has passed the driving test
—No. If so, he ________ his car to our college yesterday.
A．would drive B．drove
C．would have driven D．had driven
【解析】 考查虚拟语气。根据句意，如果这样的话(乔治已经通过驾照考试)，他昨天就驾车来我们大学了，可知是对过去的虚拟。If so＝ If he had passed the driving test，主句使用情态动词＋ have done。故答案选C。
【答案】 C
Ⅱ. 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空
1．If they ________ (not help) us, our experiment would have failed.
2．Mother often tells us that it is necessary that we ________ (drink) a glass of water after we get up.
3．She insisted that she ________ (send) to work in the faraway small town.
4．If ________ (not forget) his telephone number, I would have rung him.
5．He is busy now. If he ________ (be) free, he________ (go) with you.
6．The manager was in his office then. If he ________ (be) here, everything ________ ( settle) in a minute.
【答案】 1.had not helped 2.(should) drink 3．(should) be sent 4. hadn't forgotten 5.were; would go 6.had been; would have been settled
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观察下列从P58－59 Reading and Vocabulary中选取的句子，体会虚拟语气的用法。
①I wish I had not created this creature, I wish I was on the other side of the world, I wish I could disappear!
②She looked well and happy but as I kissed her lips, they became pale, as if she were dead.
③He put out a hand, as if he wanted to keep me there, but I ran out of the room.
④I wish I had not done this terrible thing, I wish I was dead!
[自我总结]
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中：
1．表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句用____________。
2．表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句用____________。
【答案】 1.一般过去时 2.过去完成时
虚拟语气(Ⅰ)
语气(mood)是一种动词形式，表示说话人的意图或态度。英语中有陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、假想或建议。
一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气，表示不可能实现的愿望。宾语从句中的谓语动词有以下三种形式。
用法 宾语从句中谓语动词的形式 例句
表示目前不可能实现的愿望 动词过去式(be用were) I wish I were not so busy.但愿我不那样忙碌。
表示过去不可能实现的愿望 had＋动词的 ed形式 She wished she had stayed at home.她后悔的是她(当时)要是留在家里就好了。
表示将来不可能实现的愿望 would/could＋动词原形 I wish you wouldn't smoke any more.我希望你不要再抽烟了。
二、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句的结构
虚拟情况 虚拟条件句 主句
与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 If＋主语十动词的过去式(be动词用were) 主语＋should/ would/ could/ might＋ 动词原形
与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 If十主语＋had＋ 过去分词 主语＋ should/ would/ could/ might＋ have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反的虚拟语气 ①If＋主语十动词的过去式②If＋主语＋were to＋动词原形③If＋主语＋should＋动词原形 主语＋should/ would/ could/ might＋动词原形
三、使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：
1．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
If you had listened to my advice just now, you would be better now.如果刚才你听我的建议，现在你会好得多。
2．if省略句
在条件句中，可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。
Were I at school again, I would study harder.
如果我能再回到学校，我会更加努力学习。
Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.
如果来得早一点，你就能赶上公共汽车了。
若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用缩略形式。如：我们可以说：
Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.
如果不是因为费用，我现在就出国了。
但不能说：Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.
3．用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词用with，without，but for等。
What would you do with a million dollars？如果你有一百万美元你会做什么？
We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(＝if we hadn't got your help)没有你的帮助我们不可能提前完成工作。
But for the rain(＝If it hadn't been for the rain), we would have finished the work.如果不是下雨，我们已经完成工作了。
4．含蓄条件句
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词)
那天我病了，要不然我就参加运动会了。
A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.(定语从句)
一个人不喝水，大约七天就会死亡。
I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.
(连词)我应该给你更多的帮助，但我太忙了。
Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.(独立主格结构)
每件事都考虑到了，他们应该很快提高产量。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2012·北京高考)We ____ the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me
A．should face B．might face
C．could have faced D．must have faced
【解析】 虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能……。
【答案】 C
2．(2012·福建高考)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we________ more places of interest yesterday.
A．visited B．had visited
C．would visit D．would have visited
【解析】 本题考查虚拟语气的用法。本题关键是从时间状语yesterday知道是对过去的虚拟，前半句是个过去的客观事实“我们在那个小山村迷路”，otherwise否则后半句是用对过去的虚拟would have done，答案为D项。对虚拟语气的做法主要是看时间状语或是看里面的关键词是对什么时间的虚拟，这就很容易了。
【答案】 D
3．(2012·山东高考)If we ________ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so successful.
A．haven't made B．wouldn't make
C．didn't make D．hadn't made
【解析】 虚拟语气与动词时态。后一句中的wouldn't have been so successful是虚拟语气，句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会如此的成功。虚拟语气中与过去事实相反的情况中，主句用would have done，if引导的从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。
【答案】 D
4．(2013·江苏高考)I should not have laughed if I ________you were serious.
A．thought B．would think
C．had thought D．have thought
【解析】 考查虚拟语气。此处为if虚拟条件句，其主句使用的是should have done，可知是对过去的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时态表示对过去的虚拟。
【答案】 C
5．(2013·福建高考)—Do you think George has passed the driving test
—No. If so, he ________ his car to our college yesterday.
A．would drive B．drove
C．would have driven D．had driven
【解析】 考查虚拟语气。根据句意，如果这样的话(乔治已经通过驾照考试)，他昨天就驾车来我们大学了，可知是对过去的虚拟。If so＝ If he had passed the driving test，主句使用情态动词＋ have done。故答案选C。
【答案】 C
Ⅱ. 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空
1．If they ________ (not help) us, our experiment would have failed.
2．Mother often tells us that it is necessary that we ________ (drink) a glass of water after we get up.
3．She insisted that she ________ (send) to work in the faraway small town.
4．If ________ (not forget) his telephone number, I would have rung him.
5．He is busy now. If he ________ (be) free, he________ (go) with you.
6．The manager was in his office then. If he ________ (be) here, everything ________ ( settle) in a minute.
【答案】 1.had not helped 2.(should) drink 3．(should) be sent 4. hadn't forgotten 5.were; would go 6.had been; would have been settled
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