2023年中考英语专题之名词

专题复习之名词
Ⅰ.Revision
Ⅱ. Presentation(重点，难点，考点，热点呈现)
名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是：
专有名词：表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如 China, John, London, the USA, Harbin .
名词 个体名词：表示单个的人或事物。如 boat, chair, desk, apple . 可数名词
集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如 family, people, class, police .
普通名词
物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质。如 water, air, tea, sea, money, cotton .
抽象名词表示抽象概念的词。如 health, help, work, friendship . 不可数名词
可数名词单复数规则变化
规 律 例 词
① 一般在词尾直接加_____ book—books 　chair—chairs
② 以__________结尾的单词通常在词尾加______ class—classes box—boxes 　 brush—brushes 　watch—watches
③ 以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，把_____________ 但以元音＋y结尾的词，则直接在词尾加s family—families 　factory—factories key—keys 　monkey—monkeys
④ 以o结尾的词，有生命的名词加_____ 但无生命名词则直接加______ potato—potatoes　 tomato—tomatoes 　hero—heroes radio—radios zoo—zoos
⑤ 以f或fe结尾的词，改f或fe为________ leaf—leaves 　thief—thieves
名词复数的不规则变化
规律 例词
①特殊记
②单复同行
③只有复数形式 people, police, clothes, trousers , pants , jeans , scissors, shorts, cattle
④有的名词即可表整体，也可表成员 family, class, team, group
⑤由两个名词组成的名词词组，通常只变后面一个名词为复数; 注意：但如果前面名词是man或woman时，则两个名词都要变成复数 an apple tree—two apple trees 　 a girl student—many girl students a man teacher—some men teachers 　 a woman doctor—ten women teachers
不可数名词
(1) 不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与a/an或具体数字连用，但特指某物时可以与定冠
词the连用。
(2) 要表示一定的数量时，常与a cup of, a bottle of, a piece of 等量词连用，如a cup of tea
一杯茶； two bottles of water两瓶水
注意：区别two boxes of chalk与two boxes of apples
(3) 只能修饰不可数名词的词有：__________________________________________________
修饰可数名词的词有：____________________________________________________
二者皆可: ______________________________________________________________
(4) 中考常考的不可数名词有：
food，drink (饮料), orange（橙汁）， milk， rice， bread， meat（肉），chicken
（鸡肉），pork（猪肉）， beef（牛肉），work， homework， news（新闻）advice
（建议），information（信息），weather（天气），Chinese（汉语），knowledge（知识），hair, furniture, money, fun等
有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同，注意区别。
work(工作)—a work(著作)
glass(玻璃)—a glass(玻璃杯)
paper(纸)—a paper(报纸；文件；试卷)
wood(木头)—a wood(小树林)
room(空间)—a room(房间)
chicken(鸡肉)—a chicken(小鸡)
light(光，光线)—a light(电灯)
fish(鱼肉)—fishes(各种各样的鱼)
orange(橘子汁)—an orange(橘子)
time(时间)—times(倍；次数)
experience(经验)---experiences(经历)
名词所有格的用法：
定义：就是表示物体归谁所有的形式。
第一类：“′s”类所有格（一般为有生命的）
1）一般情况单数结尾的直接____________ Tom’s book Lily’s pen 2) 若以s结尾的复数名词，只需_________ the twins’ books Teachers’ Day 3) 二人共同拥有的____________ Lucy and Lily’s mother Sam and Tom’s room 4) 二人分别拥有的_____________ Lucy’s and Dave’s mothers Mary’s and Jim’s pencils 5）表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词，其名词所有格后的被修饰语常常省略。例如：
I met her at the doctor's（office）．我在诊所遇见了她。
He has gone to the tailor's（shop）．他到服装店去了。
She went to Mr．Black's（house）yesterday．她昨天到布莱克先生家去了。
第二类：“ of”所有格（通常指无生命的）
a photo of my family
the door of the classroom 教室的门
the leaves of the tree 树叶
a photo of my family 一张我的全家照
the top of the hill 山 顶
a map of China 一张中国地图
第三类：混合双重所有格
1、 …of +单数名词+ ′s
Eg: a friend of my father's 我父亲的一个朋友
2、 …of+名词性物主代词
Eg: a friend of mine 我朋友的一个
注意：双重属格与of属格的不同
eg：a picture of Mary's 玛丽（所拥有）的一张照片
a picture of Mary 玛丽（自己）的一张照片
第四类：特殊所有格
to的所有格（一般有唯一性）
1、门的钥匙：the key to the door
2、问题的答案：the answer to the question
3、去公园的路：the way to the park
表示路程或时间的所有格
走路二十分钟的路程：20-minute walk = 20 minutes′ walk
骑车10分钟的路程：10-minute ride = 10 minutes′ ride
三十天的假日：30-day holiday = 30 days′ holiday
练一练：
Ⅰ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1.—Alice, which season do you like best
—Autumn. The fallen 　　　　(leaf) are like a thick blanket on the ground. What beautiful scenery it is!
2.—I have been running into a lot of troubles these days.
—Take it easy. Problems and 　　　　(worry) are normal in daily life.
3.—Can I help you, sir —A box of 　　　　(tomato), please.
4.Many foreigners came to our school last week, including three 　　　　(German).
5.The old man can’t hear us well because there’s something wrong with his　　　　(ear).
6.At Shanghai Disneyland, we can see some Disney 　　　　(movie), eat in Disney restaurants and buy Disney gifts.
7.—What would you like to eat —Some 　　　　(bread), please.
8.Bill was a 　　　　(report) who interviewed the football players at the 2018 World Cup.
9.People in Western countries usually eat with forks and 　　　　(knife).
10.I like the　　　　(silent) in the countryside. The city is too noisy for me.
11.The 　　　　(box) are too heavy for the little boy to carry.
12.The girl in white is an unusual and talented 　　　　(violin).
13.Cats like catching 　　　　(mouse) for food. They are natural enemies.
14.He bought two kilos of 　　　　(potato) on his way home.
15.The Queqiao satellite(卫星) will form a 　　　　(communicate) bridge between controllers on Earth and the far side of the Moon.
16.Now more and more schools care for the full 　　　　(develop) of the students’ talents.
17.The true 　　　　(mean) of Christmas is sharing and giving love to people around us.
18.There are many 　　　　(different) between the twins. One is shy, but the other is outgoing.
19.Thanks for all the 　　　　(member) hard work! More and more people have learned how to keep kids from danger now.
20.Now people hope to eat healthily and begin to care about the 　　　　(safe) of food.
Ⅱ.语法填空
　　阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
China is a country with many colorful days and festivals. Dragon Head Raising Day is one of them. This special day is on the second day of the second month in the Chinese lunar calendar. It 1.　　　　(stand) for the start of spring and farming.
The dragon is 2.　　　　(importance) in China. We Chinese call 3.　　　　(our) the “descendants(传人) of the dragon”. So people celebrate Dragon Head Raising Day with many 4.　　　　(custom) about dragons. On the day in ancient times, people put 5.　　　　(ash) in the kitchen. This was to “lead the dragon into the house”. People believed that with 6.　　　　 help of the dragon, they could have a good harvest in autumn.
Also, people eat special 7.　　　　(food) on that day. The foods are usually named 8.　　　　 dragons. For example, people eat “dragon whisker” noodles and dumplings called “dragon teeth”.
Today, many customs have disappeared. But one that has 9.　　　　(remain) is the cutting of hair. It is said that a haircut during the first lunar month may bring bad luck to the 10.　　　　(uncle) of a family—the mother’s brothers. So many people have their hair cut on Dragon Head Raising Day.
B
Two simple words “thank you” have made a big difference to thousands of firemen in New York City.
Savannah is 11.　　　　 girl from Texas. “I was trying to think 12.　　　　 I could help them out,” she says. After hearing about sacrifices(牺牲) made by firemen, she 13.　　　　(move) by the risks they face. 14.　　　　 Savannah made 200 thank-you cards for them. “I want to show how much I care about them.”
“I told the firemen thank you,” Savannah recalls. “They’re always there to help you.”
Savannah decided 15.　　　　(keep) making cards. For the next seven months, she woke up early to paint and color and cut. In that time, she 16.　　　　 (send) 1,600 cards with bite-sized candy while meeting her 17.　　　　(hero). Soon, fire stations started thanking her.
Once too shy to give a speech at school, 18.　　　　 is now easy for Savannah to speak regularly to firemen and school students. She is quite different 19.　　　　what she used to be.
“She’s saying how 20.　　　　(thank) she is to them!” Savannah’s mom, Debbie, says. “Savannah sees that stepping out and doing something can really make a difference.”
中考单选题
1.To the teacher’s joy,the students made great　　　this term. 　　 　　　　　　　
A.result B.preparation C.suggestion D.progress
2.Don’t stand too close to North Americans.You’d better give them more personal　　　.
A.time B.system C.space D.pity
3.—I wonder if you’ve made a decision on the project,Eric.
—Not yet.I can’t make it until I have first-hand　　　on prices.
A.news B.knowledge C.information D.education
4.—Do you have any　　　for tonight yet
—Not yet.What about having a picnic on the beach
A.problems B.news C.plans D.rules
5.—Judy,I will have a meeting in Canada next week.
—Well,you’d better take a 　　　with you,or you may easily get lost.
A.photo B.stamp C.map D.postcard
6.Sam is doing some 　　　about the ancient Silk Road.
A.exercise B.operations C.research D.experiments
7.He was born in Germany, but he has made China his ________．
A. family B. address C. house D. home
8.Steve Jobs was full of ________ — always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society.
A. instruction B. invitation C. introduction D. invention
9.A smart phone makes a big ________ to our life.
A. difference B. decision C. progress D. prediction
10.—Could you show me the method of cooking the tasty cookies
—Please follow the ________ on the cookbook.
A. direction B. attention C. introduction D. instruction
11.—Are you thirsty —Yes,please give us 　　　.
A.three bottle water B.three bottle of water
C.three bottles of water D.three bottles of waters
12.“It depends on my 　　　decision,”the mother said and looked at her two sons.
A.children B.children’s C.child D.child’s
13.There are a lot of　　　on the grassland.　　　sheep-dog is sitting next to them.
A.sheep;The B.sheep;A C.sheeps;The D.sheeps;A
14.It is five years since we began to enjoy a 　　　spring holiday each year.
A.ten-day B.ten day C.ten day’s D.ten days
15. Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous ________ in American________．
A. symbol; culture 　B. symbols; cultures 　　　　C. symbols; culture
16. There are many websites on the Internet and there ________ a lot of useful ________ on the websites.
A. are; informations B. are; information C. is; information D. is; informations
17. It's about ________ from our school to my house.
A. 20 minutes' walk B. 20 minute's walk C. walk of 20 minutes D. 20 minutes' walks
18._______ room is big and nice.
A. Kate's and Jane's B. Kate's and Jane C. Kate and Jane's
19. —Are you sure this is a photo ________, the famous comedy actress
—It surprised you, didn't it But she was once really thin.
A. Jia Ling B. Jia Ling's C. of Jia Ling D. of Jia Ling's
20. There'll be a ______ meeting next week, and my parents will _______ come for it.
A. parents'; all B. parents'; both C. parent's; all D. parent's; both
21. —There is an MP5 on the desk, whose is this
—It can be my ________, she bought one yesterday.
A. sister B. sister's C. sisters' D. sisters
22.________ mothers can't go to the parents' meeting because they are too busy.
A. Jack's and Paul B. Jack's and Paul's C. Jack and Paul's D. Jack and Paul
23. It's sports time. Most________ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground.
A. boy B. boys C. boy's D. boys'
24. Our school has fifty six ________ teachers.
A. woman 　　　B. women 　　　　　　C. woman's
25. —What would you like for breakfast —I'd like ________．
A. tomato noodle B. tomato noodles
C. tomatoes noodle D. tomatoes noodles
26. —Yan Jiashuo, a____ girl, has won the prize of International Master of Memory. —Wow, she's great, isn't she
A. ten year old B. ten years old C. ten year old D. ten years old
27. Xi Jinping, our ________ president, paid a visit to Harbin last month. How encouraging!
A. 63 years old 　　B. 63 years' old 　　　　　C. 63 year old
28. —Could you please offer me some________ in my research —Yes, sure.
A. idea B. message C. suggestion D. advice
29. —Are you thirsty —Yes, please give us _________.
A. three bottle water B. three bottle of water
C. three bottles of water D. three bottles of waters
30. —How far is your home from the train station —It’s about 20 ______ walk.
A. minute B. minutes C. minute’s D. minutes’
31. The computer is one of the most important ______.
A. inventor B. inventions C. invention
32. —More and more people come to visit Miyi County to enjoy the sunshine in the winter.—You are right. It has become the ______ of Panzhihua.
pride B. effort C. price D. courage
33.Linda has a beautiful ________. She sings very well.
A. look B. sound C. voice
34.—Do American students have a lot of to do —They don’t, I think.
A. test B. survey C. homework D. project