高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧课件（26张PPT）

(共26张PPT)
高三英语阅读专题之 主旨大意
A mother mouse was out for a walk with her babies when she found a cat behind a bush.She watched the cat,and the cat watched the mice. Mother mouse barked fiercely, “Woof,woof,woof!” the cat was so frightered that it ran for it’s life. Mother mouse turned to her babies and said , “Now, do you understand the value of a foreign language ”
What is the story mainly about
It is important to learn a foreign language.
主旨大意
考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。
干扰项
1. 以偏概全
2. 概括过度
3. 无中生有
4. 以己度人
The main idea of the passage is …
The passage is mainly about …
What is the passage mainly about
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage
The best title for the passage might be …
Which of the following is the best title for this passage
The passage is meant to …
The purpose of this article is to …
The author intends to...
...
设问方式
命题方式
1. 主题型
2. 标题式
3. 目的类
1) 主旨大意题
解题方法
主题句定位法
How to find the topic sentences
Features：
1).相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括性；
2).主题句一般结构简单；
3).段落中其他句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展相
互题句所表达的思想的。
Sample 1
Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.
(1) 主题句在文首
开头主题+论证性细节。
应用文 书信 说明文 科技文献 新闻报道
1) 主旨大意题 主题句定位法
主题句在文首
解题方法
Sample 2
Some people like reading, and some people like swimming. I have many hobbies, such as reading, skating, and traveling. In fact, different people have different hobbies. My friend Ann studies very hard. So her hobby is reading all kinds of books. Tony loves working withher hands, and his hobby is gardening.
（2）主题句在文中
例子 / 问题（铺垫） --- 主题提出---
进一步解释说明
说明文 科技文献 研究报告
提示词
1) 转折关系的词---- 后
but, yet, however, in fact,actually, indeed,...
2) 总结性，结论性的词 ---- 后
in brief，in short, after all, all in all, to sum up, in conclusion, in a word，so, therefore ...
3) 表研究成果的词---- 内容
show, indicate, suggest, according to...
4）举例子的词---- 前
for example, for instance, take ... as an example, ...
提示词
1) 主旨大意题 主题句定位法
主题句在文首
主题句在文中
解题方法
Sample 3
When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can' t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you should always say you are happy.
（3）主题句在文末
事实依据----层层推理----得出结论(主题)
广告类 哲理性故事
1) 主旨大意题 主题句定位法
主题句在文首
主题句在文中
主题句在文末
解题方法
Sample 4
Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer，cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it
（4）主题句在首尾
主题---进一步引申----主题
议论文
1) 主旨大意题 主题句定位法
主题句在文首
主题句在文中
主题句在文末
主题句在首尾
解题方法
2) 标题式
解题方法
选帽原则
概括性、全面性、针对性
反向推断法
(5) 高频词
围绕某个主题展开的---反复出现的中心词，
即高频词，也叫做主题词
Sample 5
Everyone can experience anger sometimes. But not everyone can control it properly. To some people, controlling anger seems like the hardest thing in the world to do. Control these by talking to yourself in your own mind, when you experience unwanted
feeling. By talking it over in your ownhead you can work out how you will best deal with the situation.
Anger control can also be achieved by communicating with others with honesty. You can effectively train yourself to respond to situations without getting annoyed about things. It is important to remember it is possible for everyone to get angry and therefore, controling it is the real challenge.
1) 主旨大意题 主题句定位法
主题句在文首
主题句在文中
主题句在文末
主题句在首尾
无明显主题句 高频词
解题方法
Mother’s Day was coming, a man stopped at a flower shop to order some flowers to be wired(电邮给) to his mother who lived two hundred miles away.
As he got out of his car, he noticed a young girl sobbing (啜泣) . He asked her what was wrong with her and she replied, “I wanted to buy a red rose for my mother. But I only have seventy-five cents, and a rose costs two dollars.” The man smiled and said, “Come on in with me. I’ll buy you a rose.” After they went in, he bought a rose for the little girl and ordered flowers for his own mother.
As they were leaving, he offered to ride the girl home. She said, “Yes, please! But can you take me to my mother ” “To your mother ” the man was a little puzzled but didn’t say anything. She directed him to a cemetery(公墓), where she placed the rose on a freshly dug grave (新坟).
The man was shocked and returned to the flower shop, canceled(取消) the wire order, picked up a bunch of flowers and drove the two hundred miles to his mother’s house.
1) 主旨大意题 主题句定位法
主题句在文首
主题句在文中
主题句在文末
主题句在首尾
无明显主题句 高频词
文章中心要素--全面
解题方法
3) 目的类
解题方法
主旨推断法
文体推断法
3) 目的类 文体推断法
解题方法
1.记叙文 ---- tell a story or lessen;
entertain readers; share an
experience;show sth
2. 说明文 、 新闻 ---- inform; introduce
3. 议论文 ---- argue; persuade;
4. 应用文 ---- provide some information
or advice
5. 广告 ---- advertise; attract readers
Practice makes perfect
Homework