河南省郑州市2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语阅读理解试题解析课件(34张PPT)

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名称 河南省郑州市2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语阅读理解试题解析课件(34张PPT)
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更新时间 2023-02-19 20:42:40

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(共34张PPT)
2022-2023学年上期期末
高二英语阅读理解解析
A
体裁:应用文
语篇解读:主要介绍了四条不可思议的冬季火车路线
Amazing Train Rides (神奇的火车之旅)
Taking a train in the winter is fun. The mountains turn from green to white and you can enjoy them on the journey. Nowmany holiday-themed trains add fun. All aboard!
Aurora(北极之光) Winter Train: Alaska
The ski Train, Colorado(科罗拉多州)
Amtrak California Zephyr: Chicago to San Francisco
Canyon & Christmas trains:Arizona(亚利桑那州)
1. all aboard 请所有乘客上车
2. Aurora(北极之光)
3. Amtrak 美铁
(全国铁路客运公司)
4. Amtrak California Zephyr美铁加州西风公司
5. Canyon 峡谷
Aurora Winter Train:Alaska
This seasonal scenic train that heads north from Anchorage is popular. From the Winter Train you'll see a snow-white Denali, America's tallest peak,and with any luck,a trackside moose(驼鹿).You can get off the train after 3 hours at Talkeetna to ski in Denali or continue on for another 9 hours to Fairbanks for some northern lights viewing. There're few better places, as Fairbanks is America's northernmost city.
21. What should you do if you go to Fairbanks from Anchorage to see northern lights?
A. Take a 12-hour train ride.
B. Change trains in Denali.
C. Climb over the tallest peak.
D. Travel through a moose farm.
22. On which ride can you enjoy comfortable accommodation
A. Aurora Winter Train
B. The Ski Train.
C. Canyon &Christmas trains.
D. Amtrak Califormia Zephyr.
Amtrak California Zephyr:Chicago to San Francisco
Long-distance train travelers like westwind in any season, but winter adds the appeal of sugary snow outside the windowas you travel over the Rockies and Sierras. Departing daily all winter from both Chicago and San Francisco, the 51-hour journey offers hotel-level service in a bedroom. 0r you can break up the trip with stops to sleep and ski in Denver or Salt Lake City.
D
23. What do these four train journeys have in common
A. They are intended for young travel fans.
B. They are available during the whole year.
C. They offer travellers good opportunities of skiing.
D. They provide access to winter scenery on the way.
Amazing Train Rides (神奇的火车之旅)
Taking a train in the winter is fun. The mountains turn from green to white and you can enjoy them on the journey. Nowmany holiday-themed trains add fun. All aboard!
23. What do these four train journeys have in common
A. They are intended for young travel fans.
B. They are available during the whole year.
C. They offer travellers good opportunities of skiing.
D. They provide access to winter scenery on the way.

B
体裁:记叙文(夹叙夹议)
语篇解读:主要介绍了父亲为了鼓励三个女儿坚强勇敢、自强自立而给他们编了一系列睡前故事来教导他们。作者也因此收到父亲影响,接受高等教育,从教政治学以及新闻工作等,活出了女性的精彩而不是被对女性的偏见所束缚。
B
We never knew why my father took over storytelling for his three little girls, but we always suspected that it was to save us from Sleeping Beauty. Walt Disney's masterwork hit the big suburban screens in 1959 with a message for girls as vivid as its widescreen Technirama:If you're pretty enough, a prince will rescue you.
1. take over : If you take over a job or role or if you take over, you become responsible for the job after someone else has stopped doing it.
接替;接受
2. save us from Sleeping Beauty
把我们从睡美人手中救出来
3. suburban
① in or connected with a suburb 郊区的;城外的
② boring and ordinary 平淡乏味的;呆板的
1959年,华特·迪士尼的杰作在乏味的大银幕上大放异彩,向女孩们传达了一个与宽屏技术一样生动的信息:如果你足够漂亮,王子会拯救你。
My father invented a series of bedtime stories featuring three princesses who happened to be just our ages and even looked like us. For some reason, the grown-ups were never around when danger struck. So, night after night, it was up to the three sisters to save the village, which they always managed to do just about the time that one of us fell asleep.
It did occur to us that this village was either highly unfortunate or its adults were incredibly clumsy(笨拙的)that so much fell to these little girls.We saw that our parents wanted us to be strong. These girls didn't need to be rescued. They were watchful, wise, and bold. That was enough.
24. Why did the father create bedtime stories for his three little girls
A. To help them fall asleep. B. To make their life colorful.
C. To encourage them to be strong. D. To get them interested in stories.

1. feature:to include a particular person or thing as a special feature 以…为特色;以…为主要组成
2. strike: to happen suddenly and have a harmful or damaging effect on sb/sth 侵袭;爆发
3. up to: to be sb's duty or responsibility; to be for sb to decide 是…的职责(或责任);由…决定
4. It occurs to sb that ---某人突然想起
5. fall to :to become the duty or responsibility of sb (职责、责任)落在…身上;应由…做
6. watchful: 注意的;警惕的;提防的
But how to carry this storyline into life was not obvious. In my early experience, women were just beginning to be admitted to what had been men - only colleges, and teaching jobs followed. I loved to tell my network about the welcome dinner for new graduate students in the vast,candlelit hall. I sat next to the dean(教务长)of the graduate school, whose first words to me were: "I don't know why the graduate school is now admitting women. You'll all just get married, have babies,and your education will be wasted."After a few days to recover,I began to tell friends this story and found their laughter and support encouraging. Soon,I collected many such stories.
25. What was the dean's attitude towards women's higher education
A. Unsupportive. B.Positive. C. Objective. D. Unclear.

1. carry this storyline into life 把这个故事情节带入生活
2. be admitted to 被录取到
3. network: 关系网
4. graduate school 研究生院
5. after a few days to recover
几天后才恢复
Then, one of them hit hard. A colleague I trusted tried to persuade me to quit teaching, because "If you don't leave political science, you'll lose everything typical of women about you". I laughed. While losing someone else's idea of femininity(女性气质)might have seemed a great loss,losing weakness surely was not!The power of that promise supported me. I taught political science for seven more years with a great sense of appreciation for the opportunity, until taking up a job as a journalist, which I loved more.
Still waiting for a prince Be one!
26.Which of the following might the author most agree with
A.Women and men should be equal in everything.
B.Women shouldn't be labeled as weak at all times.
C.It is just a waste of time for women to go to college.
D.Women should give up everything to have femininity.

1. political science 政治学
2. typical:特有的
Then, one of them hit hard. A colleague I trusted tried to persuade me to quit teaching, because "If you don't leave political science, you'll lose everything typical of women about you". I laughed. While losing someone else's idea of femininity(女性气质)might have seemed a great loss,losing weakness surely was not!The power of that promise supported me. I taught political science for seven more years with a great sense of appreciation for the opportunity, until taking up a job as a journalist, which I loved more.
27.What does the author want to express through this passage
A. Great minds think alike.
B. Failure is the mother of success.
C. Never judge a book by its cover.
D. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

难句翻译
虽然失去别人(对我)女性特质的看法可能是一个巨大的损失,但失去别人对(我)软弱的看法绝对不是损失!这个承偌的力量支撑着我
C
体裁:经济类说明文
语篇解读:文章通过想象一条从西向东的路,在路上插旗子来表示美国公司的销售规模,结果显示,从西向东规模越来越大。
line up : to stand in a line or row 排成一行
a mile : a unit for measuring distance equal to 1609 metres or 1760yards
a meter= 3.2808399 英尺
C
Suppose that we lined up about 14 million United States businesses in order of size, starting with the smallest, along an imaginary road from San Francisco to New York. There will be 4,500 businesses to the mile, or a little less than one per foot.
28. What is the author's main purpose in writing this text
A. To illustrate the size of the US businesses.
B. To show the locations of the US businesses.
C. To explain the largest firms are in New York.
D. To describe how the US businesses are arranged.

illustrate:解释,说明
Suppose further that we planted a flag for each business. The height of the flagpole represents the yearly volume(额)of sales-each $10,000 in sales is shown by one foot of pole.
The line of flagpoles is a very interesting sight. From San Francisco to about Reno, it is almost unnoticeable, a row of poles about a foot high. From Reno eastward,the poles increase in height until, near Columbus, Ohio-about 4/5 of the way across the nation-flags fly about 10 feet in the air.
29. Why does the author mention the line of flagpoles
A. To support an idea.
B. To describe a fact.
C. To make a comparison.
D. To introduce a topic.

to place sth or yourself firmly in a particular place or position 竖立,安放
But as we approach the eastern terminus(终点),the poles suddenly begin to rise. There are about 300,000 firms in the country with sales over $500,000. These firms take up the last 75 miles of the 3,000-mile road. There are 200,000 firms with sales over $1 million. They take up thelast 50 miles. Then there are 1,000 firms with sales of $50 million or more. They take up the last quarter of a mile before the city limits, flags flying at cloud height,5,000 feet up.
30. Which part of the road has the largest total volume of sales
A. The last 50 miles.
B. The last quarter of a mile.
C. The last 75 miles.
D. The last 100 feet of the last mile.

At the very gate of New York, on the last 100 feet of the last mile, we find the 100 largest industrial firms. They have sales of at least $1.5 billion, so that their flags are already miles high. Along the last 10 feet of the road, there are 10 largest companies. Their sales are about $10 billion and up: their flags fly 190 miles in the air.

D
体裁:说明文
语篇解读:本文主要描述了动物是集体活动的,工程师通过研究动物集体行为,可以制造出更好的小型机器人,并且从动物集体活动中吸取经验。
D
In Frank Schatzing's 2004 novel The Swarm(《群》), sea life develops a collective mind of its own. Whales band together to attack ships, while groups of jellyfish(水母)swallow the shores. It's as if ocean creatures decided to jointly fight humanity to try to get back their environment.
Scientists say that this scene isn't made up. Animals do move in groups governed by the collective. Think of a flock of birds, a line of ants, a group of fish-all crowds like those imagined by Schatzing, if not quite as deadly."Animals regulate these vast collective structures without any leadership, without any individual animal knowing the whole stateof the system," says Nicholas Ouellette, an engineer."And yet it works fantastically well."
1. develop a collective mind of its own
形成了自己的集体思维
2. band together 联合,携手
3. while 尽管
4. swallow 吞噬,吞没,淹没
5. fight humanity
6. make up 编造
7. governed by the collective
由集体管理(作定语)
8. if not quite as deadly 如果不是那么致命的话
Scientists say that this scene isn't made up. Animals do move in groups governed by the collective. Think of a flock of birds, a line of ants, a group of fish-all crowds like those imagined by Schatzing, if not quite as deadly."Animals regulate these vast collective structures without any leadership, without any individual animal knowing the whole stateof the system," says Nicholas Ouellette, an engineer."And yet it works fantastically well."
“动物在没有领导的情况下管理着这些庞大的集体结构,也没有任何单个动物指导整个系统的状态,”工程师尼古拉斯.维斯特说,“但它却运行得非常好。”
D
In Frank Schatzing's 2004 novel The Swarm(《群》), sea life develops a collective mind of its own. Whales band together to attack ships, while groups of jellyfish(水母)swallow the shores. It'sas if ocean creatures decided to jointly fight humanity to try to get back their environment.
Scientists say that this scene isn't made up. Animals do move in groups governed by the collective. Think of a flock of birds,a line of ants,a group of fish-all crowds like those imagined by Schatzing,if not quite as deadly."Animals regulate these vast collective structures without any leadership, without any individual animal knowing the whole stateof the system," says Nicholas Ouellette, an engineer."And yet it works fantastically well."
32. Why does the writer describe the scene of The Swarm
A. To warn people of the danger of sea life.
B. To recommend the special novel to readers.
C. To prove human damage to the environment.
D. To stress the effect of animal group behaviour.

Deborah Gordon, a biologist, studies how ants make collective decisions, such as when and where to hunt for food. A red harvester settlement typically has some hunters waiting in the nest while others hunt out. Studying these ants in New Mexico, Gordon showed that they leave the nest at a rate determined by how often hunters return with food. The more food is available, the more often hunters return to the nest; this starts more ants leaving the nest. But if little food is available, the process will throttle down.
1. a red harvester settlement
红收获者蚂蚁定居点
2. hunter 搜集食物蚂蚁
3. determined by how often hunters return with food作后置定语,修饰rate
4. 食物越多,蚂蚁们往返穴的越频繁,这就从更多的蚂蚁离开洞穴开始。但如果食物匮乏,这个过程就会慢下来。
Deborah Gordon, a biologist, studies how ants make collective decisions, such as when and where to hunt for food. A red harvester settlement typically has some hunters waiting in the nest while others hunt out. Studying these ants in New Mexico, Gordon showed that they leave the nest at a rate determined by how often hunters return with food. The more food is available, the more often hunters return to the nest; this starts more ants leaving the nest. But if little food is available, the process will throttle down.
33. The underlined part"throttle down"in paragraph 3 probably means"
A. go down B. slow down C. break down D. set down

Working with computer scientist Balaji Prabhakar, Gordon found that information flowing among the ants was similar to the way the Internet protocols(协议) regulate the rate of data transport depending on how much bandwidth(宽带)is available. The scientists named this naturally produced algorithm(算法)the "Anternet". The Anternet information seems to help the settlement to search efficiently.
Gordon和计算机科学家Balaji Prabhakar一起工作,发现蚂蚁之间的信息流动类似于互联网协议根据可用带宽来调节数据传输速率的方式。科学家们将这种自然生成的算法命名为“Anternet”。
Working with computer scientist Balaji Prabhakar, Gordon found that information flowing among the ants was similar to the way the Internet protocols(协议) regulate the rate of data transport depending on how much bandwidth(宽带)is available. The scientists named this naturally produced algorithm(算法)the "Anternet". The Anternet information seems to help the settlement to search efficiently.
34. What can be known about the Anternet
A. It’s a flexible problem-solving rule.
B. It’s a method of ants finding way home.
C. It’s a flow of data about Internet protocols.
D. It’s a net to collect information among ants.
A 这是一个灵活的解决问题的规则;
B 这是蚂蚁寻找回家路的一种方法;
C 这是关于蚂蚁信息的数据流;
D 这是一张蚂蚁收集信息的网。

Studies of collective behaviour in birds, ants and fish have meanings for humans. Engineers can take lessons from animals that swarm effectively together to build better swarms of small robots.
And understanding how ants collectively adapt to changes in their network, such as when a tree blows down, could help researchers develop flexible rules for robots working in an unfamiliar environment suchas in a burning building. "That's a lesson for engineering," Gordon says.
35. What does this passage mainly talk about
A. Observing nature for interesting engineering.
B. Adapting to the change of the animals’ habitat.
C. Learning from the collective wisdom of animals.
D. Understanding the various behaviours of animals.

七选五
体裁:说明文
语篇解读:人生导师为不同阶段的人提供指导,人生导师的作用以及如何因人而异提供个性化的帮助,人生导师自己如何就业。
A. Methods which work for one client may not work for another.
B. He is often expected to listen to their concerns and problems.
C. A good life coach should try to meet all the needs of his clients.
D. Usually, there are strict rules for starting a life coaching career.
E. In some cases, life coaches may work together and offer more services.
F. Before a life coach can help a client, he first needs an in-depth interview.
G.Life coaches give advice to different people in different stages of their lives.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many people might feel lost during a major transition in life. Life coaching, however, is the best choice for anyone who is looking for ways to get through the tough path of life. 36 Some might focus only on certain types of situations, like advancing careers, while others may be willing to help with nearly any life transition.
A life coach will often act as an advisor for his clients(客户). 37 Many times, he will also be able to look at a client's life with a fair eye and offer fresh ideas on certain situations. In doing so, the life coach will usually be able to help his client work through any problems he may face. 38 During this interview, the life coach should find out what the client's wants, needs and goals are in life.
1. transition 转变;变革
2. life coaching 人生指导
life coach 生涯顾问(受雇帮助他人实现人生和工作目标)
3. get through 渡过;熬过
4. in-depth 深入的
36. G. Life coaches give advice to different people in different stages of their lives.
37. B. He is often expected to listen to their concerns and problems.
38. F. Before a life coach can help a client, he first needs an in-depth interview.
How to help each client is different to everyone, and it is a very individualized process. 39 Because of this, a life coach must develop plans based on each client's strengths, weaknesses, abilities and so on. A life coach will also usually take each client's morals and values into consideration.
Some life coaches may be able to find employment with a few select universities and corporations. There are also a handful of large life coaching firms that hire life coaches as well. The majority of life coaches, however, work for themselves, opening their own life coaching practices. 40
39. A. Methods which work for one client may not work for another.
1. based on 基于,过去分词作状语
2. take---into consideration---把---考虑进去
3. select 精选的;优等的
40. E. In some cases, life coaches may work together and offer more services.
A. Methods which work for one client may not work for another.
B. He is often expected to listen to their concerns and problems.
C. A good life coach should try to meet all the needs of his clients.
D. Usually,there are strict rules for starting a life coaching career.
E. In some cases,life coaches maywork together and offer more services.
F. Before a life coach can help a client, he first needs an in-depth interview.
G.Life coaches give advice to different people in different stages of their lives.
非常
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