初中英语语法专题之名词(一) 名词的概念和数课件（共32张PPT）

(共32张PPT)
Grammar
名词（一）
名词的概念/名词的数
01
02
名词的概念
名词的数
Contents
01
名词的概念
1.1 定义
表示人或事物等具体名称或表示抽象概念的词
cup
water
book
1.2 普通名词
可数名词
She likes the bread.
不可数名词U
Please give me some water.
不用来专门指某一具体事物的名词
1. 可数名词
能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西（单数/复数）
desk, book,
student , desk
class , family,
people ,police
个体名词
表示个别人或事物
集体名词
表示若干人或事物，看作整体
2. 不可数名词
不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西
物质名词
表示无法分为个体的物质名称
抽象名词
表示情感，状态，品质等抽象名称
液体类：water, coffee
固体类：bread, rice
肉 类：meat, beef
材料类：paper, wood
01 物质名词
情感：fun, happiness
品质：honesty, kindness
概念：health, information
学科：history, art
02 抽象词
1.3 专有名词
注意：首字母大写
概念
表示具体人名, 地名, 国名, 机构名, 月份,节日等
01 人名
Smith, Einstein , President Obama
02 地名
Pacific Ocean, Thailand
03普通名词构成的专有名词
the Great Wall, the River Nile
2. 分类
04 月份
January, March
05 星期
Monday, Wednesday
06 节日
the Spring Festival, National Day
02
名词的数
2.1 可数名词单数
表示“一…” 等概念时，要用名词的单数形式
可数名词单数不能单独使用，要加限定词
This is a school bag.
There is an orange on the table.
This is my notebook.
I like that pen.
The girl in red is Lily.
She is a teacher.
2.2 可数名词复数
pandas, leaves, apples, people
表示多于一个的人或数
前面不能用不定冠词a/an
相关链接：可数单数变复数
02 以-s, -ch, -x, -sh结尾，加-es
01 一般直接加-s
bus→buses, match→matches
box→boxes, brush→brushes
banana→bananas, desk→desks
1. 规则变化
03 以y结尾的名词
辅音字母加y结尾，把y变i再加es
元音字母加y结尾，直接加s
thief
wife
knife
wolf
thieves
wives
knives
wolves
leaf
leaves
04 以-f或-fe结尾，变f或fe为v，加-es
05 以o结尾，多数加-s，少数加-es
knife→knives, leaf→leaves
无生命：photo→photos, zoo→zoos
有生命：hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes
口诀：英雄爱吃西红柿土豆
2. 不规则变化
man
woman
child
mouse
tooth
foot
01 特殊结构
men
women
children
mice
teeth
feet
fish (鱼) sheep (绵羊)
deer (鹿) means(方式)
02 单复同形
Chinese
Japanese
Chinese
Japanese
中日人民一致，英法联军a变e
其他国家加s，重点注意德国人
口诀
Englishman
Frenchman
American
Australian
Americans
Australians
German
Englishmen
Frenchmen
Germans
03 国人变化
clothes 衣服
twins 双胞胎
glasses 眼镜
②以复数形式出现
people, police用作复数;
family表家庭用作单数，表家人用作复数
①集体名词
04 其他情况
1． ——Are there any _________on the farm
——Yes, there are some.
A. horse B. sheep C. duck D. chicken
2．——Would you like some _________
——Oh, yes, just a little.
A. potatoes B．eggs C．porridge D．vegetables
3. There are some _________on the ground.
A．leafs B．leaf C．water D．Leaves
4. The number of the 1st grade________ is not clear yet. The school will find it out
by this Friday.
A. student B．students C．students’
5. The farmer has forty ________ and a cat. The cat caught three ________ yesterday．
A. sheep; mouses B．sheep; mice C．sheeps; mouses
用所给名词的适当形式填空
1. How many _________ are there on the hill (sheep)
2.The baby has only two _________ now. (tooth)
3. Let’s take _________, OK (photo)
4. I have lots of _________ here. (tomato)
5. The _______ are playing games on the playground now. (child)
6. Their ___________ look new. (dictionary)
7. There are many _________ in the picture. (fox)
sheep
teeth
photos
tomatoes
children
dictionaries
foxes
What good weather!
不可数名词
可以单独使用：表泛指
其前加the：表特指
特别注意
其前绝不能加a / an
其后不能加s
2.3 不可数名词
1. Tables are made of ____________.
A．wood B．woods C．wooden D．some woods
2. —— Do you want to be a nurse？
—— Why not？ That's a nice_______．
A．work B．job C．works D．jobs
3. ——Would you like some drinks, boys
——Yes, ____________, please.
A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolate C. some cakes D. two boxes of cola
4．Come on, children. Help yourselves to some ____________if you like.
A．fish and chicken B．fishes and chicken
C．fish and chickens D．fishes and chickens
02
谓语动词单复数由量词决定
01
量词可数;
a cup of juice
two cups of juice
There is a cup of juice.
There are two cups of juice.
相关链接：量化不可数
1. —— Kate, have you read today’s newspaper There ____________ in it.
—— Not yet. What is it
A. an exciting news B. are some exciting news
C. are exciting news D. is a piece of exciting news
2．Mr．Wang is a good teacher and he gives us many_________．
A．advices B．advise C．piece of advice D．pieces of advice
01
02
03
特别注意与感叹句结合考查
weather; news; information; advice; work(工作); music; fun; progress; luck; friendship; furniture
情感类名词
laughter; happiness; anger; sadness; loneliness
学科名词
Chinese; math(s); English; physics; chemistry; biology; politics; history; geography; P.E.; science
相关链接： 常见不可数名词
1．It’s ____________good news for all of us that we will have no class tomorrow.
A．a B．the C．/ D．an
2. __________nice weather it is! Let’s go out for a walk, shall we
A．How B．How a C．What a D．What
3 ___________advice you have given us on the design of the office!
A．What a necessary B．How good
C．What practical D．How fantastic a
4. ___________interesting work it is!
A．What B．What an C．How a D．How
5．Carl is studying ____________food science at college and hopes to open up ____________meat processing factory of his own one day.
A．/ ; a B．/ ; the C．the; a D．the; the
6. He gained his ____________by painting ____________of famous writer.
A．wealth; work B．wealths; works C．wealths; work D．wealth; works
Grammar
Thanks ！