2023届高考英语二轮复习语法专项突破训练：名词（含解析）

名词
基础题
一、 单句语法填空。
1. We apologize for the delay of the flight and regret any (convenience)
it may have caused.
2. The manager came to the (conclude) that the new assistant is not the right person for the job.
3. If you make a (contribute) to something, you do something to help make it successful or to produce it.
4. All real education is, in the final (analyze), self education.
5. I'm not certain whether the (appoint) has been put off or not.
6. Suspicious of the (accurate) of the answer given, he turned to the professor to make sure.
7. I wasn't able to hide my (eager)when I asked, “What do you wish me to do now？”
8. Wang's winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are getting international (recognize).
9. He would laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone's
(fortunate).
10. With my (fluent) in both Chinese and English, I can introduce Chinese paintings to visitors.
11. Looking at flags of different countries is a good way to see some
(similar) and differences between the countries.
12. This programme was set up with an (intend) of providing help for homeless people.
13. As far as I know, he has been an active (participate) in the discussion.
14. They believe that (free) is the birthright of every man, woman, and child.
15. I recommend him without (reserve), as I believe you will appreciate his ability in his studies.
16. The plant is now in danger of (extinct).
17. Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and protect against (depress).
18. All that glitters is not gold, but these (decorate) would add elegance and sparkle to any Christmas tree.
19. The above views may or may not be correct, which are only for your
(refer).
20. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its (mix) of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).
21. We were walking on the fine, soft sand, which kept the (impress) of the waves.
22. While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that (explore).
23. The (protect) of the environment is one of the basic state policies of the Chinese government.
24. “He saved my (son) life，” said Mrs Brown. “I don't know how to thank him.”
25. Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with
(patient).
26. The world needs all kinds of creatures—without (vary), our planet cannot survive.
27. Many patients are not getting the medical (treat) they need.
28. We appreciated his (devote) of time and money to the project.
29. It was a great (achieve) that only a month later a global agreement was reached.
30. No one knows how the world came into (exist).
二、 语篇填空。
Passage 1
It was late at night. Two 31. (German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly, one of them, Mrs Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three 32. (thousand) dollars in her pocket. “What should I do Many 33. (thief) usually bring 34. (knife) with them，” she thought in 35. (silent). And at the same time the thief happened to touch a 36. (sport) suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went out to the next room where two 37.
(Frenchman) were sleeping. When he was looking for 38. (money) or some 39. (jewel) in the next room, Mrs Green woke up her husband quickly and called the 40. (policeman). And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police showed up. Before the thief ran away, the police caught him. For Mrs Green, it was really an unusual experience.
Passage 2
Litter is everywhere, doing great harm 41. the environment and life on our planet. Jeff Kirschner, who wants to build a litter free world, started a global community named Litterati 42. (settle) this problem.
The story began with his 6 year old daughter. One day they were going on a hike when the girl noticed a 43. (broke) plastic tub(浴盆) in a river. She said, “Daddy, that doesn't go there.” That took Kirschner by surprise. He, like many adults, had become so used to seeing the rubbish around them that he hadn't given it a second look. 44. his daughter said reminded him of the serious problem our planet faces.
Jeff started to take 45. (act). He created Litterati, an app that makes it fun to pick up litter. The idea is 46. (fair) simple: Spot a piece of trash, take a photo, post the photo online and then put the litter into dustbins.
47. (see) that Jeff was keeping a record of the positive impact he was having on the planet, people worldwide started participating. Up to now, over 2，500，000 photos posted by 3，500 people from over 40 countries 48. (find) their way to Litterati's digital landfill.
Litterati is more than an app. It is a highly 49. (effect) solution to a pressing issue. Wherever you live, whatever you do and 50. you are, join Litterati to make the world a cleaner and healthier place to live in.
提高题
一、 单句语法填空。
1. It also stressed that admissions are not only based on test scores but a comprehensive (assess) of each applicant.
2. In January, many Shanghai youngsters handed in (propose) on issues ranging from network security and the future city to the protection of traditional culture.
3. Despite a vague (describe) of the remote mountain village, the explorers had no difficulty finding it with the help of the locals.
4. If we can give more than receive, we'll strengthen the (harmonious) among people and live in a better world.
5. There is, for example, a passionate letter from Huang Yongyu to playwright Cao Yu 30 years ago to criticize his lack of (create).
6. The Pacific Ocean contains about 25，000 islands.The (major) of them are found south of the equator(赤道).
7. And he has seen rapid (grow) in music, film, fashion in China, which offers opportunities to people from various backgrounds.
8. In addition to top scores on gaokao, (apply) also need to meet English language requirements, participate in an interview and take a subject specific written admission assessment.
9. Experts note that (chemical) against the worms are costly, dangerous and do not always work.
10. Beijing, the capital of China, remained the most attractive city for Chinese
(graduate), followed by Shenzhen and Shanghai.
二、 语篇填空。
Passage 1
Any bird that crossed his path would be eaten by Rex, a German shepherd. Rex
11. (rescue) from his previous shelter, where he was going to be put down after a biting incident. Last year, he 12. (eventual) arrived at Puriton Horse and Animal Rescue.
Geraldine was a goose abandoned by owners who could no longer put up 13.
her. She wasn't exactly the picture of 14. (warm), either, when she arrived at the same shelter three months ago. The dog and the goose were individually given labels like cruel and dangerous. Neither seemed particularly harmonious with humans nor even members of their own species.
But when the two 15. (annoy) creatures were offered a chance to hang out together, something magical happened. They chased each other when first 16.
(introduce), but Geraldine stood up for herself and that was that. They just fell in love with each other.
“I've been doing rescue work since 1997 and seen all 17. (kind) of strange animal behavior, but I've never seen anything like this，” said Sheila Brislin, 18. is the founder of the shelter. “It's so amusing to see them because they love each other to bits. They are very affectionate. She just 19. (run) around alongside him all day long and whenever we take him for 20. walk in the woods she has to come, too.”
Passage 2
It is reported that at present a city in Japan has a problem with graffiti(涂鸦). However, it is not the usual type of graffiti with paint from spray cans 21.
(use) to write on walls. It is graffiti in sand.
Officials in the city of Tottori are asking tourists to give up 22. (write) messages and drawing pictures in the sand of its giant sand dunes(沙丘). The officials say the graffiti causes damage to the dunes, 23. destroys the pleasure others get in looking at the sand.
More than 3，300 cases of “sand graffiti” 24. (occur) at the tourist spot in the past decade. In January, two overseas tourists were ordered 25. (erase) a 25 meter long message that read “Happy Birthday Natalie”．
The Tottori Sand Dunes are famous throughout Japan 26. their natural beauty. They are the largest and longest sand dunes in the country and form part of 27. scenic coastal park on the Sea of Japan coast. The biggest dune is 50 meters high.
The local government wants to improve tourists' understanding of the 28.
(important) of the dunes. It will set up much 29. (many) signs in English, Chinese and Korean asking people to respect the dunes. A spokesman said, “We are concerned about whether the rules are 30. (complete) understood, and we want to continue to protect views of the beautiful sand dunes.”
Passage 3
You may remember back at the start of December, 31. China carried out their unmanned Chang'e 5 mission and the spacecraft touched down on the moon to collect samples for research. Now it 32. (success) returned to the Earth. This is the most significant event in China's space field, and also one of the most notable space 33. (activity) globally. Chang'e 5, 34. (launch) by a Long March 5 heavy lift carrier rocket early on Nov 24, is the nation's 35.
(large) and most complex lunar probe. It returned with 1，731 grams of lunar rock and soil to the Earth, 36. (mark) a historic accomplishment 44 years after the last lunar substances were taken back. The 23 day mission was China's first space journey to claim extraterrestrial samples, making 37. the third country to accomplish the task, the first being the USA in the 1960's and the second Soviet Union in the 1970's.
The spacecraft 38. (enter) the Earth's atmosphere at an altitude of around 120 km. As soon as it was 10 km above land, it released its parachute and landed smoothly in China's Inner Mongolia. Now the spacecraft has been airlifted to Beijing where the samples 39. (examine) by scientists very soon.
The mission's results will contribute 40. mankind's deeper understanding of the moon's origins and the evolution of the solar system.
Passage 4
According to a recent survey, violence(暴力) did exist in schools. Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also 41. (express) their great concern about it. Experts hope 42. whole society should pay more attention to the psychological health of teenagers.
Nowadays, school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon(现象), which 43. (call) for our great concern. We should make every effort 44.
(prevent) violence happening at school for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal 45. (safe) could not be guaranteed(保证). In fact, violence can be learned. 46. (actual), children learn violent behaviour from adults or from 47. they see on television or on the Internet.
If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence with violence, for it will result in a bit 48. (much) fighting. I will tell my teachers and parents about it. I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me 49.
the bad guys.
All in all, we students should behave 50. (we) and keep away from violence.
基 础 题
一、 1. inconvenience　2. conclusion　3. contribution
4. analysis　5. appointment　6. inaccuracy　7. eagerness
8. recognition　9. misfortune　10. fluency
11. similarities　12. intention　13. participant
14. freedom　15. reservation　16. extinction
17. depression　18. decorations　19. reference
20. mixture　21. impression　22. exploration
23. protection　24. son's　25. patience　26. variety
27. treatment　28. devotion　29. achievement　30. existence
二、
Passage 1
31. Germans　32. thousand　33. thieves　34. knives　35. silence　36. sports　37. Frenchmen　38. money
39. jewels/jewellery　40. police
31. Germans　考查名词复数。句意：两个德国人正在房间里睡觉，突然，格林夫人醒了，发现有一个小偷正偷偷溜进他们的房间。根据空前的数词two可知，应用名词复数形式。故填Germans。
32. thousand　考查名词。句意：她的口袋里装有三千美元。诸如thousand, million, billion等名词，无论前面是one还是大于one的数词，都用单数形式。故填thousand。
33. thieves　考查名词复数。句意：格林夫人默默地想着：“我该干什么？很多小偷通常都随身携带小刀。”根据空前的many可知，应用复数。故填thieves。
34. knives　考查名词复数。 句意见上题解析。根据语境可知，此处应用复数，表泛指。故填knives。
35. silence　考查名词。 句意见第33小题解析。in silence为固定搭配，意为“静静地”。故填silence。
36. sports　考查名词。句意：此时，小偷不小心碰到了运动服。名词作定语时一般用单数形式，但下列名词需要用复数形式作定语：sports, customs(海关), arms, clothes, sales。a sports suit意为“一件运动服”。故填sports。
37. Frenchmen　考查名词复数。句意：小偷似乎发现房间里有人，于是他去了另外一个房间，里面有两个法国人在睡觉。根据空前two可知，此空应用名词复数形式。故填Frenchmen。
38. money　考查名词。句意：当小偷在下一个房间搜寻钱财珠宝时，格林夫人叫醒了她的丈夫，并报了警。money为不可数名词。故填money。
39. jewels/jewellery　考查名词。 句意见上题解析。jewel是可数名词，所以用复数形式或用不可数名词jewellery。故填jewels/jewellery。
40. police　考查名词。 句意见第38小题解析。call the police为固定搭配，意为“打电话报警”。故填police。
Passage 2
41. to　42. to settle　43. broken　44. What　45. action
46. fairly　47. Seeing　48. have found　49. effective
50. whoever
41. to　考查介词。句意：垃圾随处可见，对我们地球上的环境和生命造成了极大的伤害。根据空前的“doing great harm”和空后的“the environment”可知，此处考查固定搭配do harm to …，意为“对……有害”。故填to。
42. to settle　考查动词不定式。句意：Jeff Kirschner建立了一个名为Litterati的全球社区来解决这个问题。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to settle。
43. broken　考查形容词。句意：一天，他们正在徒步旅行，女儿注意到河里有一个破塑料浴缸。根据下文的名词“plastic tub”可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词。break的形容词是broken。故填broken。
44. What　考查主语从句。句意：女儿的话让他想起了地球面临的严重问题。分析句子结构可知，reminded是谓语，此处是主语从句且谓语said缺宾语，指物，所以应用连接代词what作宾语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填What。
45. action　考查名词。句意：Jeff开始采取行动。根据空前的动词take可知，此处应用act的名词形式作动词的宾语。take action为固定搭配，意为“采取措施”。故填action。
46. fairly　考查副词。句意：这个想法相当简单：发现一块垃圾，拍张照片，把照片发到网上，然后把垃圾放进垃圾箱。根据空后的形容词simple可知，此处应用副词修饰形容词。fair的副词是fairly。故填fairly。
47. Seeing　考查现在分词。句意：看到Jeff记录了他对地球产生的积极影响，全世界的人都开始参与进来。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词。动词see与其逻辑主语people是主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Seeing。
48. have found　考查现在完成时。句意：到目前为止，来自40多个国家的3 500人发布的250多万张照片已经找到了Litterati的数字垃圾填埋场。根据时间状语“Up to now”可知，用现在完成时。主语“over 2，500，000 photos”是复数形式。故填 have found。
49. effective　考查形容词。句意：这是一个解决紧迫问题的非常有效的方法。根据空后的名词solution可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词；结合句意可知，此处意为“有效的”。故填effective。
50. whoever　考查连接代词。句意：无论你住在哪里，无论你做什么，无论你是谁，加入Litterati，让世界成为一个更清洁、更健康的居住环境。根据上文的“Wherever you live, whatever you do(无论你住在哪里，无论你做什么)”可知，此处意为“无论你是谁”，应用whoever。故填whoever。
提 高 题
一、 1. assessment　2. proposals　3. description
4. harmony　5. creativity　6. majority　7. growth
8. applicants　9. chemicals　10. graduates
二、
Passage 1
11. was rescued　12. eventually　13. with　14. warmth　15. annoying　16. introduced　17. kinds　18. who
19. runs　20. a
11. was rescued　考查时态和语态。句意：Rex在一次咬人事件后，差点被杀掉，后来从之前的避难所中被救出。主语是Rex，单数且与rescue是被动关系。故填was rescued。
12. eventually　考查副词。句意：去年他最终被送往动物收容所。此处用副词修饰动词arrived。故填eventually。
13. with　考查介词。句意：Geraldine是一只被主人遗弃的鹅，她的主人再也受不了她了。put up with为固定搭配，意为“忍受”。故填with。
14. warmth　考查名词。句意：三个月前，当她到达同一个收容所时，她也不是温暖的化身。of后面用名词形式。故填warmth。
15. annoying　考查形容词。句意：但是，当这两种令人讨厌的生物一起出去玩时，神奇的事情发生了。空处用形容词修饰名词。annoying意为“讨厌的”。故填annoying。
16. introduced　考查过去分词。句意：当他们第一次被介绍时，他们互相追逐。句子主语They 和introduce之间是被动关系。故填introduced。
17. kinds　考查名词复数。句意：收容所的创始人Brislin说：“我自打1997年开始救助工作，也见过各种各样奇怪的动物行为，但我没见过这样的。”all kinds of为固定搭配，意为“各种各样的”。故填kinds。
18. who　考查非限制性定语从句。句意见上题解析。此处“Sheila Brislin”是先行词，指人，在后面的非限制定语从句中作主语。故填who。
19. runs　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：她整天和他在一起，每当我们带他到树林里散步的时候，她也要来。根据语境可知，句子用一般现在时态；句子主语是she，用第三人称单数。故填runs。
20. a　考查不定冠词。句意见上题解析。for a walk为固定搭配，意为“散步”。故填a。
Passage 2
21. used　22. writing　23. which　24. have occurred　25. to erase　26. for　27. a　28. importance　29. more　pletely
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了最近在日本，人们在沙滩上涂鸦的问题很严重，这会对沙丘造成伤害。
21. used　考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，这并不是一种常见的用喷漆罐在墙上作画的涂鸦。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作cans的后置定语，与cans之间为被动关系。故填used。
22. writing　考查非谓语动词。句意：鸟取县的官员们要求游客们不要再在巨大的沙丘上写写画画了。give up doing sth为固定用法，意为“放弃做某事”。故填writing。
23. which　考查定语从句。句意：官员们表示，涂鸦对沙丘造成了破坏，破坏了其他人欣赏沙子的乐趣。分析句子结构可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语。故填which。
24. have occurred　考查动词时态。句意：在过去的十年里，该旅游景点发生了3 300多起“沙子涂鸦”事件。根据时间状语“in the past decade”可知，此句应该用现在完成时。故填have occurred。
25. to erase　考查非谓语动词。句意：1月份两名海外游客被要求删除一条长达25米的“娜塔莉生日快乐”信息。be ordered to do sth为固定搭配，意为“被要求做某事”。故填to erase。
26. for　考查介词。句意：鸟取县沙丘以其自然美景闻名于日本。be famous for … 为固定搭配，意为“因……而著名”，符合句意。故填for。
27. a　考查冠词。句意：它们是日本最大最长的沙丘，是日本海海岸一个风景优美的海岸公园的一部分。“scenic coastal park”前缺少冠词，此处为泛指，且scenic 的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
28. importance　考查名词。句意：当地政府希望提高游客对沙丘重要性的认识。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，此空应该填名词。故填importance。
29. more　考查比较级。句意：政府将设立更多英文、中文和韩文的标志，呼吁人们尊重沙丘。根据语境以及修饰比较级的much可知，此处应该用形容词比较级。故填more。
pletely　考查副词。句意：一位发言人表示：“我们担心这些规定是否被完全理解，我们希望继续保护美丽的沙丘景观。”此处应该用副词修饰动词understood。故填completely。
Passage 3
31. when　32. successfully　33. activities　34. launched
35. largest　36. marking　37. it　38. entered　39. will be examined　40. to
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了嫦娥五号为期23天的太空之旅取得样本，使中国成为第三个完成这项任务的国家。
31. when　考查定语从句。句意：你可能还记得12月初，中国执行了嫦娥五号无人驾驶任务，飞船着陆月球，采集样本用于研究。定语从句的先行词是“the start of December”，表示时间，且在定语从句中充当时间状语。故填when。
32. successfully　考查副词。句意：现在它成功地返回了地球。空处用副词修饰动词returned。故填successfully。
33. activities　考查名词。句意：这是中国航天领域最重大的事件，也是全球最引人注目的航天活动之一。根据“one of”可知，空处应该用可数名词的复数形式。故填activities。
34. launched　考查非谓语动词。句意：嫦娥五号于11月24日凌晨由长征五号重型运载火箭发射升空，是中国最大、最复杂的月球探测器。空处的launch作定语，且与被修饰的Chang'e 5为被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填launched。
35. largest　考查形容词最高级。句意见上题解析。根据空后的“and most complex lunar probe”可知，空处需要用最高级。故填largest。
36. marking　考查非谓语动词。句意：它带回了1 731克的月球岩石和土壤，这是在上一批月球物质被带回44年后取得的历史性的成就。空处为结果状语，且与句子的主语It为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填marking。
37. it　考查代词。句意：这次为期23天的任务是中国首次太空之旅获取外星样本，使中国成为第三个完成这项任务的国家，第一个是60年代的美国，第二个是70年代的苏联。空处需要用代词指代China。故填it。
38. entered　考查时态。句意：宇宙飞船在大约120千米的高度进入地球大气层。表示发生在过去的动作，用一般过去时。故填entered。
39. will be examined　考查时态。句意：现在宇宙飞船已经被空运到北京，在那里样本将很快被科学家检测。根据“very soon”可知，要用一般将来时；且examine与samples为被动关系，用被动语态。故填will be examined。
40. to　考查介词。句意：这次任务的结果将有助于人类更深入地了解月球的起源和太阳系的演化。contribute to …为固定搭配，意为“有助于……”。故填to。
Passage 4
41. expressed　42. the　43. calls　44. to prevent
45. safety　46. Actually　47. what　48. more　49. from
50. ourselves
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了根据最近的一项调查，学校存在暴力现象。我们应该尽最大努力预防此类事件。
41. expressed　考查动词时态。句意：学生们表现出了他们的恐惧，家长和老师也表达了他们对它的极大关注。and连接两个并列成分，此处与showed并列，所以空处也应该用一般过去时。故填expressed。
42. the　考查冠词。句意：专家希望全社会更加关注年轻人的心理健康。此处特指整个社会，用定冠词。故填the。
43. calls　考查动词时态。句意：我认为这是一种现象，这需要我们极大的关注。句中which指代“a phenomenon”，是单数形式。故填calls。
44. to prevent　考查动词不定式。句意：我们应该尽一切努力防止学校发生暴力事件。此处用动词不定式表目的。故填to prevent。
45. safety　考查名词。句意：如果他们的人身安全不能得到保证，越来越多的学生会辍学。根据空前的“their personal”可知，此处用名词，指他们的个人安全。故填safety。
46. Actually　考查副词。句意：实际上，孩子学习暴力行为主要通过成人或他们在电视上或在互联网上所看到的暴力内容。此处作状语，表示“事实上，实际上”，用副词形式，修饰整个句子。句首单词首字母大写。故填Actually。
47. what　考查代词。句意见上题解析。此处指“他们从电视或网络上看到的东西”，作动词see的宾语。what引导宾语从句作介词from的宾语，并且在后面的从句中也要作宾语。故填what。
48. more　考查比较级。句意：我不会以暴制暴，因为它会导致更多的战斗。“a bit”修饰比较级，表示程度，这里指以暴制暴会导致更多的打斗。故填more。
49. from　考查介词。句意：我会告诉老师和家长。我认为他们会帮助我更好地处理问题，保护我免受坏孩子欺负。protect sb from (doing) sth为固定搭配，意为“保护某人不受……”。故填from。
50. ourselves　考查反身代词。句意：总之，我们学生都应注意自己的行为，远离暴力。句中主语和宾语都指we，此时宾语用反身代词。behave oneself为固定短语，意为“使举止规矩”。故填ourselves。