2023届高考英语二轮复习语法专项突破训练：形容词和副词（含答案）

形容词和副词
基础题
一、 单句语法填空。
1. Young people should learn to be (compete).
2. It is (urge) that food and clothing should be sent to the sufferers.
3. As a matter of fact, every possible use should be made of (advance) technology.
4. My father goes jogging regularly, so no wonder you can find him
(energy).
5. I was (annoy) that they hadn't turned up.
6. With winter coming around, COVID 19 will (potential) break out again in some places.
7. (fortunate), I won't be able to attend the meeting.
8. We should keep the children physically and (mental) healthy.
9. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but (accident) send it to the person you're discussing.
10. I started to follow it again with a (light) spirit than I had before.
11. The first successful clone, Dolly the sheep, made the whole
(science) world follow its process, though it had more problems than the normal sheep.
12. Some people are (sense) to smells while others find colours easier to remember.
13. To a person nothing is (precious) than their life.
14. Everyone in trouble can turn to Jack in our class who is a (create) boy and always comes up with various and fresh ideas.
15. Keeping a diary in English is an (effect) way to improve our English writing abilities.
16. For those who travel to China, the scenic spots and ancient monuments are
(attract) things, and so are Chinese food and drink.
17. Make your first aid kit easily (access) when one of your family members is crying about a cut on his finger.
18. In fact, even when the weather is (extreme) hot, many Chinese people prefer to have hot water.
19. When she returned, she was (surprise) to discover a handwritten note, saying that she was given a ticket.
20. His mother, who was (will) to pay for his education, brought him home to look after the sheep.
21. Tree planting must be approached in an (organize) way and we should understand what is practicable.
22. As (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
23. Chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very (care) mother.
24. The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
25. As night fell, we became (increase) worried.
26. Staying (health) while travelling can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.
27. We felt safe for the next half hour so we decided to go even (far).
28. But that didn't prevent the boy from becoming one of the (great) composers of all time.
29. The new group of students is better behaved than the other group who stayed here (early).
30. If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of (great) and less importance.
二、 语篇填空。
Passage 1
An Internet organization is trying to persuade people to take part in the International Internet Free Day, 31. will be held every year on the last weekend in January. The idea is that people will leave the virtual world and go out into the real world. One 32. (support) of the idea said, “The Internet can be like addictive junk food: food you can never get enough of but which you don't 33.
(actual) want.”
A spokesman for the Internet Free Day team 34. (explain), “It's so easy to get 35. (addict) to a half life in a virtual world, and lose touch 36.
your family, friends and neighbours. Human beings need contact with the real world. Email and the Internet are just not enough.”
So, put down your mouse and turn off your computer. The real world is open all day every day and 37. (welcome) visitors. It offers you the chance 38.
(feel) human again. The Internet Free Day will give you back your real life.
Imagine your perfect day, suggest the idea to some friends and find an 39.
(excite) event to take part in. Then go out into the world outside your window, and make your perfect day a 40. (real)!
Passage 2
China has ever announced that all member states of the United Nations are welcome to cooperate with China to jointly utilize(利用)41. (it) future China Space Station(CSS).
“CSS belongs not only to China, but also to the world，” said China's ambassador to the UN and other international 42. (organization) in Vienna. “All countries, regardless 43. their size and level of 44.
(develop), can participate in the cooperation on an equal footing，” he added.
CSS was launched in 2019, which is expected 45. (complete) and brought into operation by 2023. It will be the world's first space station 46.
is developed by a developing country and open for cooperation with all UN member states.
47. (consist) of one core module and two experiment modules, each of which 48. (weigh) about 20 tons, CSS will have the capacity to accommodate up to three astronauts at the same time and maximum six during rotation.
Operating in 49. low Earth orbit about 400 kilometres above the Earth's surface, CSS will be 50. (wide) used in research fields, including space medicine, life science, biotechnology, microgravity science, Earth science and space technology.
提高题
一、 单句语法填空。
1. He charged a (relative) modest fee.
2. Everybody got (shock) when they heard the (frighten) story.
3. Welcome to the famous place of (history) interest.
4. The great change is a (history) miracle in the development of the Chinese nation.
5. These are all the (late) styles in dresses. How do you like this white dress
6. There are a host of ways to create and maintain a (harmony) dormitory life.
7. This is one of the (attract) aspects of her personality.
8. If someone makes a bad mistake which (intentional) harms their own interests, they are said to have scored an own goal.
9. He is (consider) towards elderly people.
10. Thank you for your explanation of the beauty of Jiuzhaigou, which is helpful to our understanding of the beautiful scenery.(time)
二、 语篇填空。
Passage 1
Stories 11. (tell) for centuries in all human communities under all kinds of circumstances.
Today, stories are 12. huge part of human societies and cultures. Traditionally, stories have been handed down through generations. In this series, we explore the importance of 13. (tradition) storytelling across various cultures.
For over 1，000 years, professional storytellers have been established figures in the marketplaces and bazaars of China. Their art had a big impact 14. the daily life of the Chinese townspeople, 15. (serve) as the “university” of ordinary people—the place 16. cultures and knowledge were communicated in an entertaining and simple way.
The general themes of the stories 17. (fall) into five categories: history, adventure, comedy, stories about the Three Kingdoms and stories about the Five Dynasties.
18. (general), storytelling took place at the temple fairs, in entertainment areas and booths, in tea houses and wine shops. On festive 19.
(occasion), a storyteller might be invited to perform in the private homes of the upper classes and even at the court. Storytellers of 20. (low) standing performed in the countryside.
Passage 2
In 1940, four teenage boys and their dog were walking through woodland close to Lascaux, when their dog suddenly disappeared. The boys searched all around. They came to a cave and looked into the cave 21. could see nothing.
A few days 22. , the boys returned to the cave. They could hardly believe their eyes. In the weak lamplight, the boys saw red horses and cows, and black bulls and deer charging across the walls of the cave, which looked so 23. (frighten) that the boys jumped back in fear. Little did the boys know that they had made one of 24. (importance) discoveries of that century.
The Famous Lascaux Caves consist of a large hole and 25. series of connecting caves, with a natural water system. The paintings there are an especially 26. (importance) find because they are so numerous and so well preserved. After a few years, the caves were opened as a tourist attraction, and 1，200 people per day came to the site 27. (admire) the paintings. 28. (fortunate), many visitors resulted in changes in the cave's atmosphere, and green algae(水藻) began to grow around the walls. Since then, the caves 29. (close) to the public in an effort to conserve the fragile paintings in this precious underground site.
Today, the caves have computer controlled air conditioning and are inspected daily. Scientists hope that these precautions will prevent any 30. (far) damage to the paintings.
Passage 3
In 1889 van Gogh painted The Starry Night using his unusual way. At that time he stayed at home for his mental 31. (ill). Some experts thought that his illness affected his sense of sight. The drug that he took made people see yellow spots.32.
(fortunately), van Gogh only sold one painting in his lifetime. Though he thought The Starry Night was a failure, it is now one of the world's best 33.
(painting).
In 1893, Edvard Munch was very painful because of his mental health problems. He painted The Scream, 34. shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure's mouth is wide open and 35. (let) out a powerful scream. In his diary, Munch talked about what inspired him 36. (paint) the picture.
René Magritte painted a series of paintings, 37. (include) The Empire of Light. It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside, surrounded by the darkness of night. What is strange 38. (be) that above the house and the tree, we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds. It seems like quite a mysterious scene. Magritte was inspired by his thoughts and ideas. The viewers have different 39.
(reaction) to The Empire of Light. As for Magritte himself, he thought that the change between day 40. night in the paintings was surprising.
Passage 4
A vegetarian is someone who does not eat meat. Being a vegetarian has become a 41. (popularity) choice. In fact, one in every 200 kids in the US is a vegetarian. Most people choose to be 42. (vegetable) for many reasons.
First, they believe that a vegetarian diet is good for health. It usually has 43.
(little) fat than a diet that includes meat. Vegetarians eat a low fat diet to stay fit and healthy. A vegetarian diet also provides many vitamins that people can't get 44.
meat. These vitamins protect people from some diseases.
45. (two), many vegetarians are worried about how animals 46.
(raise) and killed for food. They hope animals can be better treated.
47. (final), they think being a vegetarian can help the planet. People use more energy, water and land to raise animals for food than 48. (grow) fruit and vegetables. Also, animals put greenhouse gasses into the air. These gasses cause global 49. (warm).　
Vegetarians advise people to have just a couple of vegetarian meals 50.
week to make the world a better place.
基 础 题
一、 1. competitive　2. urgent　3. advanced　4. energetic
5. annoyed　6. potentially　7. Unfortunately　
8. mentally　9. accidentally　10. lighter
11. scientific　12. sensitive　13. more precious
14. creative　15. effective　16. attractive
17. accessible　18. extremely　19. surprised　
20. unwilling　21. organized　22. natural
23. careful/caring　24. officially　25. increasingly
26. healthy　27. farther/further　28. greatest
29. earlier　30. greater
二、
Passage 1
31. which　32. supporter　33. actually　34. explained　35. addicted　36. with　37. welcomes　38. to feel
39. exciting　40. reality
31. which　考查非限制性定语从句。意旬：互联网组织正试图说服人们参加国际无互联网日，该日将在每年1月的最后一个周末举行。先行词为物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语。故填which。
32. supporter　考查名词。句意：一位支持者说：“互联网就像让人上瘾的垃圾食品：你永远吃不饱但实际上你并不想要。”空前为数词，后应接名词。故填supporter。
33. actually　考查副词。句意见上题解析。应用副词修饰动词want。故填actually。
34. explained　考查时态。句意：“无互联网日”小组的一位发言人解释说“人们很容易沉迷于虚拟世界的半衰期，与家人、朋友和邻居失去联系。”描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态。故填explained。
35. addicted　考查固定搭配。句意见上题解析。get addicted to为固定搭配，意为“迷恋于”。故填addicted。
36. with　考查固定搭配。句意见第34小题解析。 lose touch with为固定搭配，意为“与……失去联系”。故填with。
37. welcomes　考查时态。句意：现实世界每天都是开放的，并且欢迎游客。根据and可知，此处用一般现在时；主语是第三人称单数“The real world”。故填welcomes。
38. to feel　考查不定式。句意：它让你有机会再次感受人类。 chance 后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to feel。
39. exciting　考查形容词。句意：想象你完美的一天，向一些朋友建议这个想法，找一个令人兴奋的活动来参加。作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词。故填exciting。
40. reality　考查名词。句意：然后去看看你窗外的世界，让你完美的一天成为现实！前面有不定冠词，所以用单数名词。故填reality。
Passage 2
41. its　42. organizations　43. of　44. development
45. to be completed　46. that　47. Consisting
48. weighs　49. a　50. widely
41. its　考查代词。句意：中国曾宣布欢迎联合国所有成员国与中国合作，共同利用其未来的中国空间站(CSS)。修饰下文名词短语“future China Space Station”应用形容词性物主代词 its。故填its。
42. organizations　考查名词复数。句意：“CSS不仅属于中国，也属于世界，”中国驻维也纳联合国和其他国际组织大使说。 organization 为可数名词，由 other 修饰应用复数形式。故填organizations。
43. of　考查介词。句意：所有国家，无论大小和发展水平，都可以平等参与合作。根据语境可知，表示“无论”用短语 regardless of。故填of。
44. development　考查名词。句意见上题解析。作介词的宾语，应用名词development，不可数。故填development。
45. to be completed　考查非谓语动词。句意：CSS 于2019年启动，预计将于2023年完成并投入使用。be expected to do sth为固定搭配，意为“有望做某事”，且CSS与complete构成被动关系，应用 to be done 形式。故填to be completed。
46. that　考查定语从句。句意：这将是世界上第一个由发展中国家开发的空间站，并向所有联合国成员国开放合作。此处为定语从句修饰先行词“space station”，先行词在从句中作主语，而且由序数词修饰，所以只能用 that 引导。故填that。
47. Consisting　考查非谓语动词。句意：CSS由一个核心舱和两个实验舱组成，每个模块重约20吨，可同时容纳3名宇航员，在旋转时最多可容纳6名宇航员。分析句子结构可知，consist 在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语 CSS 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Consisting。
48. weighs　考查主谓一致。句意见上题解析。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，此处主语由“each of”修饰，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填weighs。
49. a　考查冠词。句意：CSS 运行在距地球表面约400公里的近地轨道上，将广泛应用于太空医学、生命科学、生物技术、微重力科学、地球科学和空间技术等研究领域。 orbit 为可数名词，此处表泛指，且 low Earth 是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
50. widely　考查副词。句意见上题解析。修饰动词 use 应用副词 widely，意为“广泛地”。故填widely。
提 高 题
一、 1. relatively　2. shocked; frightening　3. historical　4. historic　5. latest　6. harmonious　7. most attractive　8. unintentionally　9. considerate　
10. timely; timeless
二、
Passage 1
11. have been told　12. a　13. traditional　14. on/upon　15. serving　16. where　17. fell　18. Generally
19. occasions　20. lower
11. have been told　考查动词时态和语态。句意：在各种环境下，故事已经在人类社会流传了好几个世纪。根据下文“for centuries”可知，应用现在完成时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。主语Stories，助动词用have。故填have been told。
12. a　考查冠词。句意：如今，故事是我们社会和文化的重要组成部分。be a huge part of为固定搭配，意为“是……的重要组成部分”。故填a。
13. traditional　 考查形容词。句意：在本系列中，我们将探讨跨越不同文化的讲故事的重要性。修饰下文名词storytelling应用形容词作定语。故填traditional。
14. on/upon　考查介词。句意：他们的艺术性对中国市民的日常生活产生了巨大的影响，就像是普通人的“大学”，在那里文化和知识以一种有趣又简单的方式进行交流。have a big impact on/upon为固定搭配，意为“对……产生巨大影响”。故填on/upon。
15. serving　考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。分析句子结构可知，serve在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且与逻辑主语art构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填serving。
16. where　考查定语从句。句意见第14小题解析。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词place，且先行词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
17. fell　考查动词时态。句意：故事的主题一般分为五类：历史、冒险、喜剧、三国故事和五代故事。此处描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填fell。
18. Generally　考查副词。句意：一般来说，说书发生在庙会、娱乐场所、货摊、茶社以及酒楼。根据语境可知，此处应用副词修饰整个句子，且句首单词首字母要大写。故填Generally。
19. occasions　考查名词复数。句意：在节日里，说书人可能会被邀请到上流社会的私人家里甚至是宫廷去表演。occasion为可数名词，没有冠词修饰，应用复数。故填occasions。
20. lower　考查比较级。句意：地位较低的说书人则在农村表演。结合语境表示“较低的”应用比较级lower。故填lower。
Passage 2
21. but　22. later　23. frightening　24. the most important　25. a　26. important　27. to admire
28. Unfortunately　29. have been closed　30. further
21. but　考查连词。句意：他们发现了一个洞穴，往洞穴里查看，但是什么也看不见。此处指男孩们进洞寻找他们的狗，但什么都没找到。前后是转折关系。故填but。
22. later　考查固定搭配。句意：几天之后这几个男孩又回到了洞穴。a few days later为固定搭配，意为“几天之后”。故填later。
23. frightening　考查形容词。句意：在微弱的灯光下，男孩们看见了红色的马和奶牛，黑色的公牛和鹿从洞壁上冲过来，看起来非常可怕，以至于男孩们跑了出去。男孩们看到的洞穴内的图画是如此令人恐惧，修饰物，表示“令人恐惧的”。故填frightening。
24. the most important　考查形容词最高级。句意：这些男孩还不知道此洞穴是那个世纪最伟大的发现之一。此处是 one of 句型，表示“最……之一”。其中形容词用最高级，名词用复数。此处指那个世纪最重要的发现之一。故填the most important。
25. a　考查冠词。句意：著名的拉斯科洞穴包括一个大洞和一系列的连接洞穴。 a series of为固定搭配，意为“一系列的”。故填a。
26. important　考查形容词。句意：这些绘画是极其重要的发现，因为它们不仅数量完整，而且保存完好。空后是名词，应用形容词修饰。故填important。
27. to admire　考查动词不定式。句意：每天有1 200人来到这个景点来欣赏这些画。表示目的用动词不定式。故填to admire。
28. Unfortunately　考查副词。句意：不幸的是，大量游客导致洞穴内空气的变化和绿藻的生长。此处指游客造成的不良影响，故用unfortunately 作状语，修饰整个句子，表示“不幸地”。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Unfortunately。
29. have been closed　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：自那以后，为了保护这些脆弱的壁画，洞穴不再对外开放。句中时间状语“Since then”常和现在完成时连用，主语“the caves”和动词 close 是被动关系，指洞穴已经被关闭。故填have been closed。
30. further　考查形容词比较级。句意：科学家们希望这些预防措施能阻止对这些画更深层的损害。此处指和现在相比更深的损害，有比较的意思。故填further。
Passage 3
31. illness　32. Unfortunately　33. paintings　34. which
35. letting　36. to paint　37. including　38. is
39. reactions　40. and
31. illness　考查名词。句意：在那段时间他因为精神病待在家里。作介词 for 的宾语，用 ill 的名词。故填illness。
32. Unfortunately　考查副词。句意：不幸的是，梵高一生只卖了他的一幅画。修饰后面的句子用副词，且根据语境可知，此处表示“不幸的是”。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Unfortunately。
33. paintings　考查名词复数。句意：尽管他认为《星月夜》是一个失败的作品，但它现在是世界上最好的绘画作品之一。根据修饰词“one of”可知，用名词 painting 的复数。故填paintings。
34. which　考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他画的是《呐喊》，图中是一个瘦弱的身影，脸上流露出恐惧的表情，这个人的嘴张得大大的，正在发出一声有力的尖叫。代指先行词The Scream，作非限制性定语从句的主语，关系词用 which。故填which。
35. letting　考查谓语动词的时态。句意见上题解析。根据is wide open可知，描述画面正在进行的动作，用现在进行时态，所以用 let 的现在分词。故填letting。
36. to paint　考查动词不定式。句意：在他的日记中，Munch谈到了是什么激发了他画这幅画。作“inspired him”的宾补，用动词不定式。故填to paint。
37. including　考查介词。句意：René Magritte 画了一系列的画，包括《光之帝国》。空处表示“包括”，用介词 including。故填including。
38. is　考查主谓一致。句意：奇怪的是，在房子和树的上方，我们看到了白天的天空充满了明亮和柔软的白云。描述画作的内容，用一般现在时态，因为主语是句子“What is strange”，所以系动词用单数。故填is。
39. reactions　考查名词复数。句意：观众对《光之帝国》有不同的反应。根据修饰词different可知，用名词复数。故填reactions。
40. and　考查固定短语。句意：对Magritte本人来说，他认为绘画中白天和夜晚之间的变化是令人惊讶的。between … and … 为固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”。故填and。
Passage 4
41. popular　42. vegetarians　43. less　44. from
45. Second　46. are raised　47. Finally　48. to grow
49. warming　50. a/per
41. popular　考查形容词。句意：成为一个素食者已经成为一个流行的选择。空处用形容词修饰名词。故填popular。
42. vegetarians　考查名词复数。句意：大多数人选择成为素食者有很多原因。空处表示“素食者”，所以用 vegetarian，为可数名词。主语为 people，所以用复数。故填vegetarians。
43. less　考查比较级。句意：它通常比含有肉类的饮食含有更少的脂肪。后面有 than，所以用比较级。故填less。
44. from　考查介词。句意：素食者的饮食中含有很多维生素，这些维生素是肉类所没有的。get … from …为固定搭配，意为“从……处得到……”。故填from。
45. Second　考查序数词。句意：其次，许多素食者担心动物是如何饲养和宰杀的。空处和上文的First 并列为排序，所以用second，且句首单词首字母要大写。故填Second。
46. are raised　考查时态和语态。句意见上题解析。 raise 和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，且描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为复数名词。故填are raised。
47. Finally　考查副词。句意：最后，他们认为吃素可以帮助地球。空处和First, Second 一起排序，所以用副词。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Finally。
48. to grow　考查动词不定式。句意：与种植水果和蔬菜相比，人们用更多的能源、水和土地来饲养动物作为食物。空处和上文的“to raise animals”进行比较，所以than的对比部分也应该用不定式。故填to grow。
49. warming　考查非谓语动词。句意：这些气体导致全球变暖。动名词作宾语，表示“全球变暖”，所以用 global warming。故填warming。
50. a/per　考查冠词或介词。句意：素食主义者建议人们每周只吃几顿素食，让世界变得更美好。根据语境可知，此处表示“每周”可用不定冠词a或介词per与week搭配，意为“每周”。故填a/per。