中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【2023赢在中考】-中考英语二轮专题解读与强化训练学案
专题10 非谓语动词
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
构成：to + 动词原形
动词不定式
作用：作除谓语外的任何成分
构成：v-.ing/v.-ed(规则动词)
动词的非谓语形式 分词
作用：表、定、状、补
构成：v.-ing
动名词
作用：主、宾、表、定
考向一：不定式
1. 动词不定式的作用
句子成分 用法 例句
作主语 谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。常用句型有：①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂ To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。
作宾语 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan，decide,learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think,find,believe等动词可用于＂动词+it+adj.+to do sth.＂句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。 I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。
作定语 动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition Can you give me a pen to write with 能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？Do you have something to say 你有什么要说的吗？
作状语 不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。 To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。
作表语 放在系动词后作表语。 My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。
2. 不定式的特殊用法
①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。
②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。
Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。
③常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。
My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。
考向二：动名词
（一）动名词的构成
动名词是由＂动词+-ing＂构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。
（二）动名词作用
句子成分 用法 例句
作主语 单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，常用的句型结构有：It is no use（good）+v.ing. Seeing is believing.眼见为实。It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。
作表语 放在系动词后面作表语 Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。
作宾语 用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语的词有：avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest，succeed in, be used to do, look forward to, enjoy, be busy No matter what happened, I won’t give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。
作定语 用于名词前，起修饰说明作用 There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。
（三）动名词的特殊用法
即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。
考向三：分词
（一）现在分词和过去分词的构成
现在分词由v.+ing构成，过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。
（二）分词的用法
句子成分 用法 例句
作定语 现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含义，过去分词表示已经完成，有被动的含义。 The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。
作表语 放在系动词后作表语 The story is interesting.I am interested in it. 这个故事很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。
作宾语补足语 用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态 He could hear his heart beating fast. 他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。
作状语 通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对主语的主要动作加以修饰。 I got home, feeling very tired. 我疲惫地回到家里。
非谓语动词解题七大原则
原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式。
原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing。
原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。
原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式。
原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。
原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式）。
原则七：用于名词后作定语时：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用-ing，表示动作正在进行；用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。
【巧学妙记】后跟to do作宾语的动词（词组）(1)想要，拒绝，忘记 (want/would like, refuse, forget)(2)需要，努力，学习 (need, try, learn)(3)喜欢，同意，帮助 (like, agree, help)(4)希望，决定，开始 (hope/wish, decide, begin/start)
【巧学妙记】巧记后跟动名词作宾语的动词喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind)
单项选择
1．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）—Betty, I’m not good at English. Could you help me please
—Sure. I’ll do what I can ________ you improve your English.
A．to help B．help C．helping D．helps
2．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）—The doctors are busy ________ how to deal with this disease these days.
—So they are. They’re really hard-working.
A．discuss B．to discuss C．discussing
3．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）________ heavy traffic, please get up and set out early.
A．To avoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided
4．（2022·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）If each of us makes efforts _______ something meaningful, our society will become better and better.
A．to lose B．to be lost C．to do D．to be done
5．（2022·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）—Tom, do you think reading is important
—Yes, I do. So I decide ________ more time reading from now on.
A．spend B．to spend C．spending
6．（2022·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）________ a shared future, we should learn from each other and help each other.
A．Create B．To create C．Creating
7．（2022·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）The high school invited a famous scientist _______ a talk on World Earth Day.
A．giving B．to give C．give D．given
8．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—I often watch talk shows on TV.
—I enjoy watching the news. I hope ________ what’s going on around the world.
A．find out B．to find out C．finding out
9．（2022·广西百色·中考真题）Our teacher often tells us _________ across the road when the traffic light is red.
A．go B．going C．don’t go D．not to go
10．（2022·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）Remember ________ the light when you leave the classroom.
A．turn off B．to turn off C．turning off
11．（2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题）— Amy, don’t forget ________ your mask (口罩) when you go out.
— Don’t worry, mom. I will.
A．wear B．wears C．to wear D．wearing
12．（2022·四川雅安·统考中考真题）Teenagers often listen to pop music _________.
A．relax B．to relax C．relaxing D．relaxed
13．（2022·内蒙古包头·统考中考真题）Nancy didn’t know anyone in the new school, so she decided to join an after-school club ________ some new friends.
A．to meet B．meet C．met D．meets
14．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）—We should do what we can ________ the spread of virus (病毒).
—You are right. We can often wash hands and wear masks.
A．prevent B．to prevent C．preventing
15．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）What about ________ the song Together for a Shared Future Its name is the slogan (口号) of Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.
A．sing B．singing C．to sing
16．（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题）— Father, I’m afraid I can’t win the English competition.
— Believe in yourself, my girl, and tell yourself ________ .
A．don’t give up B．not to give up C．to give up
17．（2022·贵州毕节·统考中考真题）Many people have lost their homes because of wars. It’s important for people ________ a peaceful world.
A．have B．had C．to have D．to be having
18．（2022·海南·统考中考真题）—Peter always remembers ________ the light off when he leaves the room.
—That’s great. It’s a good way to save energy.
A．shut B．shutting C．to shut
19．（2022·福建·统考中考真题）It’s important for us ________ hard in order to have a better life.
A．work B．to work C．working
20．（2022·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）The teacher told us ________ too much noise because the other students were having an exam.
A．to not make B．not to make C．not make D．not making
21．（2022·四川广元·统考中考真题）The Great Wall is so famous that a large number of travellers wish ______ it.
A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited
22．（2022·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）—Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills
—Certainly. I advise you ________ a diary in English every day.
A．to keep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps
23．（2022·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）Many students practice _______ in the morning because of the P.E. exam.
A．run B．running C．ran
24．（2022·天津·统考中考真题）The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree ________ it.
A．sell B．sells C．sold D．to sell
25．（2022·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）________ the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door.
A．Reach B．To reach C．Reaching D．To reaching
26．（2022·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）The teacher told Jack _______ off the light when he left the classroom.
A．turn B．turning C．to turn
27．（2022·云南昆明·统考中考真题）Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ________ good grades on your new journey!
A．cutting B．to cut C．getting D．to get
28．（2022·云南·统考中考真题）If you want ________ your pronunciation, keep on practicing every day.
A．improve B．improved C．improving D．to improve
29．（2022·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）We learned ________ to work as a team by completing the task.
A．what B．which C．how D．who
30．（2022·四川泸州·统考中考真题）As teenagers, we are not allowed ________ mobile phones into school so that we can focus on our schoolwork.
A．bring B．to bring C．bringing D．brought
31．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）Mr. Brown told his son not ________ the paintings in the museum.
A．touch B．to touch C．touching D．touched
32．（2022·江苏南京·统考中考真题）—Why are you so excited today
—We were told ____ a picnic this weekend.
A．have B．to have
C．having D．had
33．（2022·四川遂宁·统考中考真题）—The art festival is coming. It’s a good chance to show ourselves.
—You are very good at ________. And you will be the most popular star.
A．singing B．sing C．to sing D．sang
34．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）The new year is coming. Teachers encourage us ________ new hobbies.
A．develop B．developing C．to develop D．developed
35．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need ________.
—Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes ________ enough.
A．washing; are B．to wash; are C．to wash; is D．washing; is
36．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）The local government advises people ________ to other places ________ it is not necessary during the pandemic.
A．travel; unless B．to not travel; if C．not to travel; unless D．not to travel; if
37．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）—It is convenient ________ us ________ things online.
—So it is.
A．for; to buy B．of; to buy C．for; buy
38．（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）I saw Lily ________ when I passed her room.
A．dance B．dancing C．to dance
39．（2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题）There is no doubt _________ Harry Potter is worth _________.
A．whether, read B．if; to read C．that; reading D．as; being read
40．（2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题）An old man ________ on the side of the road was found ________, and he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.
A．lies; dies B．lay; died C．lain; dead D．lying; dying
完形填空
（2022·宁夏·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was expecting to have a quiet day, but it turned out (结果是) to be just the opposite. It was Saturday morning ____41____ I was reading on the sofa when the phone rang. “Come quickly, Sam, I need your ____42____!” It was my best friend George, so I couldn’t ____43____. “Where are you ” I asked. “I’m ____44____ home, watching the house e quickly, through the back garden.”
I ____45____ there. George told me two men were stealing things from Simon’s house. They were moving the TV and the computers onto their van(客货车)．
“But George, it’s clear,” I said impatiently (不耐烦地). “They ____46____ be moving house.”
“That’s impossible! You know Simon’s in our class, but he has said ____47____ about it!” said George.
I realized he was right. So we phoned the ____48____. They soon arrived and took the two men ____49____. “You are so brave!” said one policeman. Later, Simon’s parents learned what we had done and they were so _____50_____. They took us out for dinner that night.
Sometimes, a small act can mean a lot to others.
41．A．and B．but C．if D．or
42．A．book B．time C．answer D．help
43．A．refuse B．try C．forget D．run
44．A．with B．at C．on D．by
45．A．swam B．walked C．rushed D．flew
46．A．need B．will C．might D．must
47．A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything
48．A．police B．classmates C．teachers D．family
49．A．in B．off C．away D．up
50．A．serious B．thankful C．famous D．clever
阅读理解
A
（2022·山东威海·中考真题）
The Ultra Ironman Triathlon Race (超长铁人三项比赛) is considered one of the most challenging sporting events in the petitors swim, ride a bike, and run. The race is made up of a 3. 86-kilometer swim, a 180. 25-kilometer bicycle ride, and a 42. 2-kilometer run. There are no breaks during the race, so competitors must keep going no matter what. People who choose to enter this race must be healthy and prepared in both mind and body.
There are several rules for those who want to compete in the Ultra Ironman Triathlon Race. The minimum age of racers is 18, so everyone who competes is an adult. Training for the Ironman can take more than a year. People who train often start practicing the events at shorter distances first and then increase the amount of length and time they swim, bike, and run. Training can be difficult because people need to find a balance of strength and endurance (忍耐力) training. Without enough training, people can get harmed. Some people even put on weight when training because their bodies store calories (卡路里) instead of using them for energy. All people in training should drink plenty of water.
In the past 40 years, the Ironman has developed from a single race into a global (全球的) movement. Today’s Ironman races have events of different distances and racers of different ages. Since 2008, Weihai has held the Ironman Triathlon Race once a year. Weihai Triathlon Sports Association (威海铁人三项运动协会) was founded in2011. The 2014 World Triathlon Championships (世界铁人三项锦标赛) was held in Weihai, which was the first time that the event was held in an Asian city.
Look at the pretty WeiWei, the mascot (吉祥物) of Weihai Ironman Triathlon Race.
Exercise is good for people’s health and helps the heart. People take part in other sports and games such as golf or football, but the Ironman is a challenging way to stay fit. Even though it is hard, it can still be fun. It’s a great way to stay active and enjoy life!
51．Ironman Kace includes ________.
A．swimming, golf and cycling
B．swimming, cycling and running
C．swimming, football and running
52．People taking part in the Ultra Ironman Triathlon Race must be ________ 18 years old.
A．less than B．at least C．at most
53．In the Ultra Ironman Triathlon Race, you will easily ________ if you are not well-trained.
A．be hurt B．keep energy C．lose weight
54．The World Triathlon Championships first came to China in ________.
A．2008 B．2011 C．2014
55．Which of the following is TRUE
A．Ironman Race is difficult and boring.
B．Ironman racers can have a break during the race.
C．Ironman Race has developed and changed a lot.
B
（2022·贵州六盘水·统考中考真题）Steven Spielberg is the world’s most famous director. Hundreds of millions of people around the world have seen his films like Firelight, Amblin’ and The Color Purple. His films include two of the most popular films: Jurassic Park and E.T: The Extraterrestrial.
Each of Steven’s parents had a deep influence on the young boy’s growing and character. His mother had given up her job when she married. When Steven was six, his father took him to Philadelphia to see his first film, The Greatest Show on Earth. Steven enjoyed this exciting circus (马戏团) story, however he could not understand how a circus could perform on a screen. Part of him felt disappointed that he couldn’t smell the sawdust (锯木) and gunpowder.
When Steven was twelve, his parents bought an 8mm Kodak movie camera. Steven’s father handed Steven the camera and asked him to try. The first efforts were terrible, but Steven was interested in camera. He used his toys as characters and began making short films. By his teens Steven had made his first short film, called The Great Train Crash. Before long the Spielberg house began to look like a film set, with furniture and lights being moved around to prepare for a new film.
He is skilled in making a film excite, sadden or amuse people as they watch it. Spielberg understands the life in the countryside, television and fast cars, all of which became more common in his childhood in 1950s America. Films such as Jaws and Close Encounters of the Third Kind succeed because they are about ordinary people.
After all the years Steven Spielberg had spent dreaming about getting into Hollywood. Steven Spielberg’s films were finally received the highest praise around the world.
56．What are Steven’s two of the most popular films
A．Firelight and Amblin’.
B．Jaws and The Color Purple.
C．Jurassic Park and E.T: The Extraterrestrial.
57．Why did Steven feel disappointed after watching the first film
A．Because he couldn’t feel the real scenes.
B．Because he couldn’t perform in the film.
C．Because he couldn’t understand the theme.
58．What did Steven use as characters in his short films
A．His toys. B．His parents. C．Circus’ actors.
59．What does the underlined word “they” refer to
A．Cars. B．Films. C．Cameras.
60．What’s the best title for the passage
A．The Life of a Family B．The Introduction of Films C．The Experience of a Director
四、短文填空
（2022·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。
When people meet strangers, they often have small talks. These talks are a good way for people to s____61____ hello. The talks cover many topics, such as weather, films, sports, TV shows o____62____ the latest news. But we should always keep it in mind that p____63____ subjects about money, age, and weight should be avoided. Besides, it’s better to ask open-ended questions. If you ask, “Do you like our city ” They may say s____64____, “Yes”. If you ask, “What do you think of our city ” They will have more freedom in answering. This type of question also shows that you are interested in them. If you seem interested in w____65____ people are saying, they will feel more comfortable talking with you.
参考答案：
1．A
【详解】句意：——贝蒂，我英语不好。你能帮我一下吗？——当然。我会尽我所能帮助你提高英语。
考查非谓语动词。此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式形式，故选A。
2．C
【详解】句意：——这些天医生们正忙着讨论如何治疗这种病。——确实如此。他们真的很努力。
考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth“忙于做某事”，因此填动名词，故选C。
3．A
【详解】句意：为了避免交通拥挤，请早点起床出发。
考查非谓语动词。根据“heavy traffic, please get up and set out early”可知，早点起床出发的目的是为了避免交通拥挤，用动词不定式表目的，故选A。
4．C
【详解】句意：如果我们每个人都努力去做些有意义的事，我们的社会会越变越好。
考查动词不定式作目的状语。to lose失去，动词不定式的一般式；to be lost迷失，动词不定式的一般式；to do做，动词不定式的一般式；to be done被做，动词不定式的被动式。make efforts to do sth.表示“努力做某事”，do something meaningful表示“做一些有意义的事情”。故选C。
5．B
【详解】句意：——Tom，你觉得阅读重要吗？——是的。所以我决定从现在开始花更多时间来阅读。
考查动词不定式作宾语。spend花费，动词原形；to spend花费，动词不定式；spending花费，动名词或现在分词。decide to do sth表示“决定做某事”，因此空格处应填动词不定式，在句中作宾语。故选B。
6．B
【详解】句意：为了创造一个共享未来，我们应该向彼此学习并帮助彼此。
考查不定式用法。create创造。选项A是动词原形；选项B是动词不定式；选项C是动词的ing形式。空格上需填一个动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了”。故选B。
7．B
【详解】句意：这所高中邀请了一位著名的科学家在世界地球日发表演讲。
考查非谓语。结合“invited a famous scientist”可知，此处是invite sb to do sth“邀请某人做某事”，空处用不定式作宾补，故选B。
8．B
【详解】句意：——我经常看电视上的脱口秀。——我喜欢看新闻。我希望了解世界各地发生了什么。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语hope to do sth“希望做某事”，故选B。
9．D
【详解】句意：我们的老师经常告诉我们当交通灯是红色的时候不要过马路。
考查非谓语动词。tell sb (not) to do sth“告诉某人（不）要做某事”，固定短语；此处指“告诉我们红灯时不要过马路”。故选D。
10．B
【详解】句意：当你离开教室时，记得关灯。
考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth“记得做某事（还未做）”；remember doing sth“记得做某事（已做）”。结合语境可知关灯的动作还未发生，应用不定式，故选B。
11．C
【详解】句意：——艾米，出去的时候别忘了戴口罩。——别担心，妈妈。我会的。
考查非谓语动词。forget to do sth“忘记去做某事”；forget doing sth“忘记做过某事”。根据“don’t forget...your mask (口罩) when you go out”可知，提醒不要忘记戴口罩，故选C。
12．B
【详解】句意：青少年经常听流行音乐来放松。
考查词义辨析。relax动词，放松；to relax动词不定式；relaxing形容词，令人放松的；relaxed形容词，感到放松的。此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式。故选B。
13．A
【详解】句意：南希不知道新学校的任何人，因此她决定参加课后俱乐部去交一些新朋友。
考查非谓语动词。根据“some new friends”可知，用动词不定式表达目的是“为了交新朋友”，用“to meet”。故选A。
14．B
【详解】句意：——我们应该尽我们所能防止病毒的传播。——你说得对。我们可以经常洗手和戴口罩。
考查非谓语。空处表示目的，表示“为了防止病毒的传播”，应用不定式作目的状语，故选B。
15．B
【详解】句意：唱一首《一起向未来》怎么样？歌名就是北京2022年冬奥会的口号。
考查动名词作宾语。about是介词，其后加动名词作宾语，构成句型what about doing sth？故选B。
16．B
【详解】句意：——爸爸，恐怕我赢不了这场英语比赛。——相信你自己，我的孩子，并告诉你自己不要放弃。
考查非谓语。give up“放弃”；此处是“告诉某人不要做某事”，表达为tell sb. not to do sth.，空处用不定式的否定形式，故选B。
17．C
【详解】句意：许多人因为战争失去了家园。 对人们来说，拥有一个和平的世界很重要。
考查非谓语动词。此处是结构“It is adj. for sb. to do sth.”，意为“做某事对某人是……的”，动词不定式作真正的主语，此处应用动词不定式的一般式。故选C。
18．C
【详解】句意：——彼得离开房间时总是记得去关灯。——那太棒了。 这是节省能源的好方法。
考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth.“记得要做某事”；remember doing sth.“记着已经做过的事”。根据“when he leaves the room.”可知，此处是指记得要去关灯，表示记得要做的事情。故选C。
19．B
【详解】句意：为了过上更好的生活，对我们来说努力工作是很重要的。
考查非谓语动词。固定句式：It is+形容词+for sb to do sth“对于某人来说，做某事是……的”，动词不定式作主语，it作形式主语，故选B。
20．B
【详解】句意：老师告诉我们不要太吵，因为其他学生正在考试。
考查非谓语动词。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”，动词不定式作宾补，否定在to前加not，故选B。
21．C
【详解】句意：长城非常有名，许多旅行者都想去参观。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语wish to do sth“希望做某事”，故选C。
22．A
【详解】句意：——李老师，你能告诉我如何提高我的写作技巧吗？——当然。我建议你每天用英语写日记。
考查非谓语动词。advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。
23．B
【详解】句意：因为体育考试许多学生在早上练习跑步。
考查非谓语动词。practice doing sth“练习做某事”，固定短语，用动名词作宾语。故选B。
24．D
【详解】句意：这幅画对他来说真的很有价值。他永远不会同意卖掉它。
考查非谓语动词。agree to do sth.“同意做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选D。
25．B
【详解】句意：为了接触被锁在里面的人，消防员破门而入。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“the people locked inside”的目的是“the firemen broke down the door”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故选B。
26．C
【详解】句意：老师告诉杰克离开教室时把灯关掉。
考查非谓语。此处是tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”的结构，空处用不定式作宾补，故选C。
27．D
【详解】句意：男孩女孩们，祝你们好运，在新的征程上取得好成绩!
考查非谓语。wish sb. to do sth.“希望某人做某事”，是固定短语，用不定式作宾补，故选D。
28．D
【详解】句意：如果你想提高你的发音，坚持每天练习。
考查非谓语动词。want to do sth“想要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语，故选D。
29．C
【详解】句意：通过完成任务，我们学会了如何团队合作。
考查疑问词辨析。what什么；which哪一个；how怎样；who谁。根据“We learned … to work as a team by completing the task”可知，学会了如何团队合作，用how与“to work …”构成“疑问词+to do”结构作宾语，故选C。
30．B
【详解】句意：作为青少年，我们不允许把手机带进学校，这样我们就可以集中精力学习。
考查非谓语动词。be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”，动词不定式作主语补足语，故选B。
31．B
【详解】句意：布朗先生告诉他的儿子不要碰博物馆里的画。
考查非谓语动词。tell sb (not) to do sth表示“告诉某人（不）要做某事”，动词不定式作宾补，故选B。
32．B
【详解】句意：——你今天为什么这么兴奋？——我们被告知这个周末去野餐。
考查非谓语动词。tell sb. to do sth:告诉某人做某事;sb be told to do sth:某人被告诉要做某事（被动语态）。故选B。
33．A
【详解】句意：——艺术节要来了。这是一个展示自己的好机会。——你很会唱歌。 你将成为最受欢迎的明星。
考查非谓语动词。be good at doing sth.“擅长做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选A。
34．C
【详解】句意：新的一年就要来了。老师鼓励我们培养新的爱好。
考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，使用动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选C。
35．D
【详解】句意：——快点，杰森！我们要去看电影，但衣服还需要洗。——不要担心。我想30分钟就够了。
考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。need doing sth“需要被做”，排除BC；第二处“thirty minutes”是一个时间整体，be动词用is。故选D。
36．D
【详解】句意：当地政府建议人们在疫情期间，如果没有必要，不要前往其他地方。
考查非谓语动词和连词辨析。advise sb (not) to do sth“建议某人（不要）做某事”，排除AB。unless除非；if如果。根据“advises people...to other places”可知，“it is not necessary during the pandemic”是“The local government advises people...to other places”的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句。故选D。
37．A
【详解】句意：——我们在网上购物很方便。——确实。
考查It的固定句型。此处是“It is+adj+for/of sb to do sth”句型，此处convenient修饰其后的事情，介词用for；不定式在句中作真正的主语。故选A。
38．B
【详解】句意：当我经过她的房间时，我看到莉莉在跳舞。
考查非谓语动词。see sb. do sth.“看见某人做了某事”；see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。根据“when I passed her room.”可知，此处是指看到莉莉正在跳舞。故选B。
39．C
【详解】句意：毫无疑问，《哈利波特》值得一读。
考查宾语从句。doubt用在否定句中，引导词用that，there is no doubt that“毫无疑问……”，固定句型；be worth doing sth“值得做某事”，故选C。
40．D
【详解】句意：一个躺在路边的老人被发现奄奄一息，他被巴士司机和乘客立即送往医院。
考查词义辨析。lies说谎，躺；lay躺（过去式）或放置（动词原形）；lain躺（过去分词）；lying躺（现在分词）或说谎（现在分词）。第一空表示“正躺在路边的老人”，用现在分词作定语。dies死亡，动词三单；died死亡，动词过去式；dead死亡的，形容词；dying垂死的，形容词。根据“he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.”可知，还有生命体征，处于垂死边缘，第二空应填形容词dying，故选D。
41．A 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．C 46．D 47．B 48．A 49．C 50．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了我和乔治发现并确认同学西蒙家中进贼后，机智、勇敢地选择报警，最终警察将小偷缉拿归案的故事。
41．句意：那是星期六的早晨，我正在沙发上看书，电话铃响了。
and并且；but但是；if如果；or否则。根据“It was Saturday morning...I was reading on the sofa”可知前后两句是并列关系，用and连接。故选A。
42．句意：我需要你的帮助。
book书本；time时间；answer答案；help帮助。根据“Come quickly, Sam, I need your”可知是让作者快点去，因为他需要作者的帮助。故选D。
43．句意：那是我最好的朋友乔治，所以我无法拒绝。
refuse拒绝；try尝试；forget忘记；run奔跑。根据“It was my best friend George”可知他是作者最好的朋友，所以作者不能拒绝他的求助。故选A。
44．句意：我在家，看着对面的房子。
with带有； at在(某处)；on在……上面；by通过。at home“在家”。故选B。
45．句意：我冲到那儿。
swam游泳；walked行走；rushed冲，奔；flew飞。根据“Come quickly”可知他让作者快点去，所以作者是冲到那里。故选C。
46．句意：他们一定在搬家。
need需要；will将要；might可能；must肯定。根据“it’s clear”可知作者觉得西蒙家一定在搬家。故选D。
47．句意：你知道西蒙在我们班，但他对此只字不提！
something某事；nothing没有什么；anything任何事物；everything每件事物。根据“That’s impossible! You know Simon’s in our class, but he has said...about it”可知乔治认为西蒙家不可能在搬家，因为西蒙对于这件事什么都没说。故选B。
48．句意：所以我们给警察打电话。
police警察；classmates同学；teachers教师；family家庭成员。根据“They soon arrived and took the two men”可知他们是给警察打电话，警察把坏人带走了。故选A。
49．句意：他们很快就到了，把那两个人带走了。
in在里面；off离开；away离开，去别处；up在上面。根据“They soon arrived and took the two men”可知警察把坏人带走了，take away“带走”。故选C。
50．句意：后来，西蒙的父母知道了我们所做的事，他们很感激。
serious严肃的；thankful感激的；famous著名的；clever聪明的。根据“Simon’s parents learned what we had done and they were so”可知西蒙的父母知道作者他们所做的事情之后，对他们很感激。故选B。
51．B 52．B 53．A 54．C 55．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了超长铁人三项比赛的相关信息。
51．细节理解题。根据“Competitors swim, ride a bike, and run”可知，包括游泳，骑自行车和跑步，故选B。
52．细节理解题。根据“The minimum age of racers is 18, so everyone who competes is an adult”可知，年轻必须是至少18岁，故选B。
53．细节理解题。根据“Without enough training, people can get harmed”可知，没有足够的训练，人们可能会受伤，故选A。
54．细节理解题。根据“The 2014 World Triathlon Championships (世界铁人三项锦标赛) was held in Weihai, which was the first time that the event was held in an Asian city”可知，2014年首次在中国举办，故选C。
55．推理判断题。根据“In the past 40 years, the Ironman has developed from a single race into a global (全球的) movement”可知，铁人三项比赛已经发展和改变了很多，C表述正确，故选C。
56．C 57．A 58．A 59．B 60．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了著名导演Steven Spielberg以及他的成长成名之路。
56．细节理解题。根据“His films include two of the most popular films: Jurassic Park and E.T: The Extraterrestrial.”可知，Steven最受欢迎的两部电影是《侏罗纪公园》和《E.T外星人》。故选C。
57．细节理解题。根据“Part of him felt disappointed that he couldn’t smell the sawdust (锯木) and gunpowder.”可知，是因为他感觉不到真实的场景。故选A。
58．细节理解题。根据“He used his toys as characters and began making short films.”可知，Steven用的是他的玩具作为短片角色。故选A。
59．词句猜测题。根据“ Films such as Jaws and Close Encounters of the Third Kind succeed because they are about ordinary people.”可知，《大白鲨》和《第三类接触》等电影很成功，是因为它们（这些电影）是关于普通人的。所以此处“they”指代“Films”。故选B。
60．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了著名导演Steven Spielberg以及他的成长成名之路。C选项“一个导演的经历”最适合作本文标题。故选C。
61．(s)ay 62．(o)r 63． (p)rivate 64．(s)imply 65．(w)hat
【导语】本文主要讲述了当人们遇到陌生人时，针对不同群体如何进行简短的交谈。
61．句意：这些谈话是人们打招呼的好方式。根据“These talks are a good way for people to...hello”结合首字母提示可知，此处是指打招呼，say hello符合语境，空前有不定式，动词用原形，故填(s)ay。
62．句意：谈话涉及很多话题，如天气、电影、体育、电视节目或最新的新闻。根据“such as weather, films, sports, TV shows...the latest news.”结合首字母可知，此处是在表示列举，or符合语境，故填(o)r。
63．句意：但是我们应该记住，关于金钱、年龄和体重的私人话题应该避免。根据“money, age, and weight should be avoided”可知金钱、年龄和体重都是隐私，private“私人的”，形容词作定语，故填(p)rivate。
64．句意：他们可能会简单地说：“是的”。分析结构可知空处应用副词修饰动词，结合首字母提示应填simply“仅仅”符合语境，故填(s)imply。
65．句意：如果你对别人说的话感兴趣，他们会觉得和你交谈更舒服。分析句子可知此处是宾语从句，连接词在从句中作宾语，what符合，故填(w)hat。
知识回顾
考点精讲
强化训练
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【2023赢在中考】英语二轮专题解读与强化训练
专题10 非谓语动词
考纲解读
考纲解读
考纲解读
非谓语动词是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所 占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。
非谓语动词的考查主要集中在三个方面：
1. 动词不定式；
2. 动名词；
3. 分词（现在分词和过去分词）
4.非谓语动词在固定短语句型中的应用。
从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。难度上不会很难，都是基础用法，但是这部分要记忆的知识点比较多。
【特别提醒】：非谓语动词，初中阶段重点是不定式和动名词，分词考查较少，但也有考查。动词不定式的相关知识点务必记牢。对于一些固定短语句型，列举了一些比较常见的，同学们平时要注意积累相关知识。
高频考点分析
动词不定式的考察点
动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作表语
动词不定式作宾语
动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作状语
知识结构分析
【特别提醒，重中之重！！！】初中阶段非谓语动词中，不定式是考察重点，其中主要考察：作目的状语、作宾语、作宾补、作主语也有考察。
动名词的知识点
一. 作主语
二. 作宾语
四. 作定语
三. 作表语
知识结构分析
分词的知识点
一. 作宾语补语
二. 作状语
四. 作定语
三. 作表语
【特别提醒，重中之重！！！】初中阶段动名词主要考察重点是作宾语，分词考察较少，主要考察作定语，表语，宾补。
考点二 句法功能
2.不定式的形式与用法
<1> 形式
① to do：基本形式
② not to do：否定式
see watch let
③ do（省略to）：使役动词 let，make，have，感官动词 see，feel等
<2>用法--A作主语
① 不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
eg：To learn English well is important.
②动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，It＋be＋形容词＋(for sb)＋动词不定式。
eg：It is important for you to learn English well.
当在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。
It is 形容词+ of sb + to do sth
不定式
B.作宾语
①及物动词+to do sth
eg: What are you trying to do
②find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。
eg：I found it difficult to find a job in a city.
③只接to do 作宾语的动词
三个希望两答应（hope, wish, want, agree, promise）
一个要求莫拒绝（demand, refuse）
设法学会做决定（manage, learn, decide)
不要假装在选择（pretend，choose）
C.作表语
①具体内容目的
②多数情况下，不定式作表语可转换成作主语
eg：My job is to teach English.
→To teach English is my job.
不定式
D.作宾补
①及物动词+sb +to do sth
eg: What are you trying to do
②常见的宾补的动词有
want想要 advise建议 ask 要求 allow允许
teach教 encourage鼓励 invite邀请 tell 告诉
order 命令 warm警告 forbid禁止 expect期望
beg乞求 require 要求 force逼迫 permit允许
③使役动词/感官动词
主动：+do（省略了to）eg：He always makes me laugh.
被动：to do（不能省略）eg: He is often seen to play basketball.
形式
词汇
一感: feel
二听: listen，hear
三让: let, make, have
四看: see, watch, look at; notice注意
半帮助: help （to） do
不定式
E.作定语
①作定语时，不定式要后置
eg: Mom, I have something to tell you.
② 修饰词有序数词、最高级或者 no，any等词修饰时，不定式与修饰词构成主动关系。
eg： He is always the first one to go to classroom.
③修饰词为不及物动词时，不定式与修饰词构成被动关系，需要在不定式后加上适当地介词。
eg：I have no room to live in.
F.作状语
①表目的
②表原因
③表结果
句首
句中
句末
in order to（句中，句首均可）=so as to(只能位于句中）
sorry
excited
surprised
+to do
too...to 太...而不能...eg: She is too young to go to school.
enough...to 足够..去做...eg: She is old enough to go to school.
不定式
G.独立
状语
to be frank 坦诚 to be honest 老实说
to begin with 首先 to start with 首先
to speak frankly 坦诚地说 to tell you the truth 说实话
H.疑问 词
who/whom
when
where
how
what
which
to do =名词
主语
宾语
表语
eg：When to do is not important. 什么时候做已经不重要了。
Mom, I don’t know how to do. 妈妈，我不知道怎么做.
The key to problem is how to improve your English ability. 问题的关键就是如何提高你的英语能力。
不定式
I.省略
had better do sth 最好做某事
would rather do sth 宁愿做某事
why not do sth？为什么不做某事？=why don’t you do...
Could /Would/ Will you do sth,please 请你做某事，可以吗？
<1>省略 to
<2>除...之外
but
except+to do
do nothing but do sth 只能做某事
do anthing but do sth 绝不做某事
can’t help but do sth 忍不住做某事
can’t choose but do sth 只能做某事
<3>省略动词
--免重复
--Don’t be late.
--I’ll try not to.(be late)可省略
There are five people.
动名词
<1>形式
<2>用法
3.动名词的形式与用法
①动词ing
②not doing：否定形式
A.作主语--谓语动词用单数
B.作定语--doing+名词，表示用途
eg：reading room 阅览室 dancing hall 舞厅
C.作宾语
①动词+doing
②介词+doing
enjoy 喜欢 consider考虑 mind 介意 practice练习
admit 承认 avoid 避免 imagine 想象 feel like 想 要
finish 完成 give up 放弃 suggest 建议 look forward to 期待
put off 延迟 can’t help 忍不住 keep on 坚持 do well in 擅长
D.作表语：My hobby is collecting stamps.我的兴趣是收集邮票。
现在分词
<1>形式-ing
<2>用法
3.现在分词的形式与用法
A.作定语--相当于形容词（表示正在进行）
eg： a sleeping girl. 一个熟睡中的女孩。
B.作表语--相当于形容词
eg：It should be interesting. 这应该会很有趣。
C.作状语
eg：The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.
D.作宾补
①主动
②进行
① 主动正在做
②性质与特征
eg：I saw her singing in the living room. 我看见她在客厅唱歌。
现在分词
<1>形式
<2>用法
3.过去分词的形式与用法
A.作定语
①肯定：done
②否定：not done
①短前： I have an organized summer holiday.
②长后： She is a kind girl loved by all.
③表被动:the broken window
④表完成：the fallen leaves.
B.作表语： The glass is broken.杯子被打破了。
C.作宾补
have + sb +do sth 让某人做某事
have +sb+doing让某事/某人一直做
have+sb+done 让某事发生
D.作状语：Seen from the moon, the earth is blue.
考点三 辨析
to do 与doing
1.有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有较大。
stop
to do：停下来去做某事
doing：停止做某事
eg: Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一会。
Stop thinking, please.请停止思考。
remember
to do：记得要做某事（动作还没发生）
doing：记得曾做过某事（动作已发生）
eg：I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。(信已寄出)
Please remember to post my letter.请记住把我的信寄出去。(信尚未寄出)
考点三 辨析
to do 与doing
1.有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有较大。
forget
to do：忘记做某事（动作还没发生）
doing：忘记做过某事（动作已经发生）
eg: I forgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。(没带作业)
I forgot bringing my homework.我忘记已把作业带来了。(作业已带来)
try
to do：努力去做某事（动作还没发生）
doing：试着去做过某事（动作已发生）
eg：He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话。
Please try to do better next time.下次设法做得更好些。
考点三 辨析
to do 与doing
1.有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有较大。
go on
to do：做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事
doing：继续做着某一件事
eg: Go on to do the other exercise after you finish this one.
做完这个练习题后，接着做另一个练习题。
Go on doing the exercise after a short rest.休息一会儿之后继续做练习。
allow
doing：允许做某事
sb to do sth：允许某人做某事
eg：We don't allow smoking here.我们不允许在这儿吸烟。
We don't allow students to go out on school days.在校期间，我们不允许学生外出。
考点三 辨析
2. 易混句式have sb.do sth，have sb.doing sth.和have sth.done的区别
<1>have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。
The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。
<2>have sb.doing sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing)这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义。
The two men had their lights burning all night long.那两个人让灯通宵亮着。
<3>have sth.done意为“让某人做某事”，即ask sb.else to do sth.过去分词(done)这个动作由他人(即非主语本身)来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。
The driver had his car washed once a week.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。
1．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Whether sportsmen, sportswomen or volunteers, people used their skills and warmth ________ the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics a shining success.
A．make B．making C．made D．to make
【答案】D
【解析】句意：无论是男运动员、女运动员还是志愿者，人们都用自己的技能和热情使2022年北京冬奥会取得了辉煌的成功。考查非谓语动词。根据“people used their skills and warmth…the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics a shining success.”可知，人们用自己的技能和热情的目的是让2022北京冬奥会取得成功，此处为不定式表目的。故选D。
2．（2022·广西河池·中考真题）I usually spend time ________ in the library on weekends.
A．read B．reading C．reads D．to read
【答案】B
【解析】句意：周末我通常在图书馆看书。本题考查动词spend的用法。“花费时间做某事”的英文表达为“spend time (in) doing”，所以应选择动名词形式reading。故选B。
3．（2022·广西玉林·中考真题）—Safety comes first! Everyone should stop the kids from ________ in the lake or river.—Life is valuable. Kids must remember ________ the school rules.
A．swim; to follow B．swim; following
C．swimming; following D．swimming; to follow
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——安全第一！ 每个人都应该阻止孩子们在湖里或河里游泳。——生命是宝贵的。 孩子们必须记住遵守校规。考查非谓语动词。stop sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，动名词作宾语，排除AB；remember to do sth.“记得要做某事”，remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”；根据“Kids must remember...the school rules”可知是记得要遵守规则，故此处用动词不定式作宾语，排除C。故选D。
4．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）What about ________ the song Together for a Shared Future Its name is the slogan (口号) of Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.
A．sing B．singing C．to sing
【答案】B
【解析】句意：唱一首《一起向未来》怎么样？歌名就是北京2022年冬奥会的口号。考查动名词作宾语。about是介词，其后加动名词作宾语，构成句型what about doing sth？故选B。
5．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Mr. Chen, my kid is sleeping. Would you mind ______ your radio —Sorry. I’ll do it at once.
A．turning down B．turn down C．turning up D．turn up
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——陈先生，我的孩子在睡觉。你介意调低你收音机的音量吗？——抱歉，我立刻做。考查非谓语及动词短语。turn down调低（音量）；turn up调高（音量）。根据“my kid is sleeping”可知要调低音量，排除C、D；mind doing sth表示“介意做某事”，即mind后用动名词作宾语，故选A。
6．（2022·黑龙江·中考真题）I saw Lily ________ when I passed her room.
A．dance B．dancing C．to dance
【答案】B
【解析】句意：当我经过她的房间时，我看到莉莉在跳舞。考查非谓语动词。see sb. do sth.“看见某人做了某事”；see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。根据“when I passed her room.”可知，此处是指看到莉莉正在跳舞。故选B。
7．（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）Good news comes that China has sent Shenzhou XIV to space ________ the unknown world.
A．explore B．explored C．exploring D．to explore
【答案】D
【解析】句意：好消息来了，中国已经将神舟十四号发射到太空去探索未知的世界。考查非谓语动词。explore探索，动词原形；explored探索，动词过去式或过去分词；exploring探索，动名词或现在分词；to explore探索，动词不定式。根据“China has sent Shenzhou XIV to space”和“the unknown world”可知，中国已经将神舟十四号发射到太空，其目的是探索未知的世界，动词不定式表目的。故选D。
8.【2021 江苏宿迁】 7．The policeman told the children ________ in the river. It’s too dangerous!
A．to not swim B．not to swim
C．not swim D．not swimming
【答案】B
【解析】句意：警察告诉孩子们不要在河里游泳。太危险了！考查非谓语动词。tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不做某事。根据“It’s too dangerous!”可知，警察告诉孩子不要在河里游泳。故选B。
9.【2021 辽宁营口】 15．The lecture（讲座）is worth ________. Please tell John ________ late.
A．attend; not be B．to attend; to be
C．attended; to being D．attending; not to be
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这个讲座值得参加。请告诉约翰不要迟到。考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：be worth doing sth.，表示“值得做某事”，第一空应用动名词形式attending，表示“参加”，在句中作宾语；固定搭配：tell sb. (not) to do sth.，表示“告诉某人(不）要做某事”，根据“The lecture is worth...”可知，此处指告诉约翰不要迟到，第二空应为not to be。故选D。
10.【2021 四川凉山】 9．—Hi! Alice, why are you in such a hurry —________ my best friend from Canada at the airport.
A．Meet B．Meeting C．To meet D．Met
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你好！爱丽丝，你为什么这么着急？——去机场接我从加拿大来的好朋友。考查非谓语动词。根据“why are you in such a hurry”可知，是为了去机场接朋友，用动词不定式表目的，故选C。
11.【2021 四川泸州】 4．A group of elephants in Yunnan Province have trouble ________ proper living place. We should help them.
A．find B．found C．to find D．finding
【答案】D
【解析】句意：云南省的一群大象很难找到合适的生活地点。我们应该帮助他们。考查非谓语。have trouble (in) doing sth“最某事有困难”，空处应用动名词作宾语，故选D。
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