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【2023赢在中考】英语二轮专题解读与强化训练
专题11 动词的时态和语态
动
词
的
时
态
和
语
态
时态
语态
构成：①will/shall+动词原形 ②am/is/are going to+动词原形
时间标志词：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week/
month/year, in+一段时间(如：in two days), in the future等
一
般
现 在
时
构成：①be+表语 ②实义动词作谓语
时间标志词：always, usually, often, sometimes, never, once a week, every day/week/month/year, on weekends等
一
般
过去
时
构成：①was/were+表语 ②实义动词作谓语
时间标志词：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/month/Monday, 一段时间+ago(如：ten days ago), just now, at that time, this morning, in the past, in 2008等
一
般
将来
时
动
词
的
时
态
和
语
态
时态
语态
现 在
进行时
构成：is/am/are+动词的现在分词
时间标志词：now, right now, at present, at the moment, these days等
过去进行时
构成：was/were+动词的现在分词
时间标志词：at six o’clock yesterday, at this time yesterday等
现在完成时
构成：have/has+动词的过去分词
时间标志词：already, yet, just, ever, never, so far, for+一段时间(for five years), since +过去某一时间等
主动语态 主语是动作的执行者
被动语态 主语是动作的承受者
动词的时态和语态
时态
语态
时态 谓语动词 意义 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are,do/does (1)现在经常性的状态或动作; (2)表示客观事实和真理。 I often climb mountains at weekends.我通常在周末去爬山 。
Mid-Autumn Day usually comes in September or October every year.中秋节一般在每年的九月或十月到来。
时态 谓语动词 意义 例句
一般过去时 was/were,did 表示过去的动作或状态。 When he was a child, he often swam in the river.当他小的时候,他经常在河里游泳。
时态 谓语动词 意义 例句
一般将来时 will do, be going to do (1)"will/ shall+动词原形"表示将要发生的动作或状态; (2)"be going to+动词原形"表示按计划或安排要做的事,必然或很可能即将发生的事。 Robots will do more heavy work for us in the future.未来机器人会为我们做更多繁重的工作。
I am going to be 15 years old next month.下个月我就15岁了。
时态 谓语动词 意义 例句
现在进行时 am/is/are doing (1)表示说话时正在进行的动作; (2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。 Someone is knocking at the door. Can you open it 有人在敲门,你能开一下门吗
The population of the world is still growing now.世界人口现在仍在增加。
时态 谓语动词 意义 例句
过去进行时 was/ were doing 过去某时正在进行的动作。 I was playing basketball the whole morning.我整个上午都在打篮球。
时态 谓语动词 意义 例句
现在完成时 has/have done (1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 —What a clean office !办公室真干净!
—Yes, I am sure that someone has cleaned it.是啊,我确信一定有人已经打扫过了。
时态 谓语动词 意义 例句
现在完成时 has/have done (2)表示从过去某一时刻开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去的动作或状态,此时常用延续性动词。 Mr. White came to our school in 2015, and since then he has taught us English.怀特先生在2015年来到我们学校,自从那时起就一直教我们英语。
(1)一般过去时和过去进行时的区别:
一般过去时表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,往往已经完成;
过去进行时则强调过去的某一动作正在进行。
例句:
I wrote a letter to a friend yesterday.昨天晚上我给一个朋友写了一封信。(信写完了,强调事实)
I was doing my homework to a friend at six o’clock last night.昨天晚上6点,我正在写作业。(作业不一定写完,强调动作)
(2)一般过去时和现在完成时的区别:
一般过去时强调动作在过去发生,已经完成,与现在无关;
现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或过去发生的动作一直持续到现在,也许还要持续到将来。
考点速查
考点一
被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本结构是“be+及物动词的过去分词”。与主动语态一样,被动语态也有各种时态变化,列表如下（以动词do为例）:
动词的语态
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done
一般过去时 did was/were+done
一般将来时 will/be（am/is/ are）going to+do will/be（am/is/are）
going to+be+done
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been+done
情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be+done
考点速查
【注意】
（1）主动语态变被动语态的方法
①把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语,若宾语是人称代词,应把宾格变为主格。
②把主动句中的谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,但时态不能改变。
③把主动句的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略）,若主语是人称代词,应把主格变为宾格。
考点速查
（2）带双宾语的主动语态改为用其直接宾语（物）作主语的被动语态时,间接宾语（人）前必须加介词to或for。
My father bought me a computer.
→A computer was bought for me by my father.
我父亲给我买了一台电脑。
考点速查
（3）有些感官动词和使役动词（hear, see, watch, notice, make, have等）在主动语态中作谓语时,其宾语补足语后的动词不定式省略to,但变成被动语态时,必须将to还原。
The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.
→The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss.老板让工人们一天工作12个小时。
【巧学妙记】
感官动词和使役动词:
一感（feel）;二听（hear, listen to）;三让（let, make, have）;四看（see, watch, look at, notice）
考点速查
考点二
被动语态的用法
1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
Rice is grown in the south of China.
中国南方种水稻。
2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者,而不是强调动作的执行者。
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人讲汉语。
考点速查
3.动作的发出者是某个事物。
Many houses were washed away in the flood.
在洪水中许多房子被冲走了。
4.固定句型中常用的被动语态。如:It’s said that…（据说……）, It’s reported that…（据报道……）, It’s well-known that…（众所周知……）等。
考点速查
【思维拓展】
主动形式表被动意义
（1）look, smell, feel, taste等系动词用主动形式表被动意义。
The cloth feels soft. 这布摸起来很软。
The cake tastes delicious. 这蛋糕尝起来很美味。
（2）need/require/want+doing sth. 意为“……需要……”。
The door needs repairing. 这门需要修理。
The window wants cleaning. 这窗户需要清洁。
考点速查
（3）某物+write/open/sell/wash/clean/cut/open+其他。该结构为主动形式,可表被动意义。
These books sell well. 这些书卖得很好。
The shop opens every day. 这家店每天都营业。
（4）不及物动词和动词短语,如:happen, take place, come out, come true, run out 等。
A traffic accident happened last night.
昨晚发生了一起交通事故。
If you work hard, your dream will come true.
如果你努力工作,你的梦想就会实现。
考点速查
【思维拓展】
主动形式表被动意义
（1）look, smell, feel, taste等系动词用主动形式表被动意义。
The cloth feels soft. 这布摸起来很软。
The cake tastes delicious. 这蛋糕尝起来很美味。
（2）need/require/want+doing sth. 意为“……需要……”。
The door needs repairing. 这门需要修理。
The window wants cleaning. 这窗户需要清洁。
考点速查
（3）某物+write/open/sell/wash/clean/cut/open+其他。该结构为主动形式,可表被动意义。
These books sell well. 这些书卖得很好。
The shop opens every day. 这家店每天都营业。
（4）不及物动词和动词短语,如:happen, take place, come out, come true, run out 等。
A traffic accident happened last night.
昨晚发生了一起交通事故。
If you work hard, your dream will come true.
如果你努力工作,你的梦想就会实现。
1．（2022·辽宁丹东·中考真题）— Mingming, where is your brother — Look! He _______ on the playground.A．runs B．is running C．was running D．ran
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——明明，你的弟弟在哪里？——看！他正在操场上跑步。考查动词时态。根据“Look!”可知，此句用现在进行时am/is/are doing的结构，故选B。
2．（2022·吉林长春·中考真题）There ________ a sign on the wall. It says you mustn’t smoke here.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
【答案】A
【解析】句意：墙上有一个标志。上面说你不能在这里抽烟。考查there be句型。主语“a sign”是单数形式，be动词用单数形式，且此句陈述一般事实应用一般现在时，故选A。
3．（2022·湖北黄石·中考真题）David has worked here for 10 years since he ________ from university.
A．graduates B．graduated C．has graduated D．will graduate
【答案】B
【解析】句意：大卫大学毕业后在这里工作了10年。考查动词时态。since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时，毕业的动作已经发生过，故选B。
4．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Hello, Alan. This is Bill. What are you doing now —I’m watching a program on TV. It started at 6:30 pm and ________ on for another one hour.
A．has been B．was C．is D．will be
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你好，艾伦。这是比尔。你现在在做什么？——我正在看电视上的一个节目。它在下午6:30开始，还将持续一个小时。 考查一般将来时。根据“for another one hour”及语境可知，此处应用一般将来时，其结构为“will+动词原形”，故选D。
5．（2022·江苏淮安·中考真题）—I called you at 3 p.m. yesterday, but you didn’t answer. —I ________ an experiment on Chemistry in the school lab.
A．was doing B．am doing C．did D．do
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——我昨天下午3点给你打电话，你没接。——我在学校实验室做化学实验。考查过去进行时。根据“I called you at 3 p.m. yesterday”可知，强调在过去的某个时间点，正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选A。
6．（2022·上海·中考真题）The new restaurant _______ two surveys on its food and service since June.
A．is doing B．will do C．did D．has done
【答案】D
【解析】句意：自6月份以来，这家新餐厅就其食物和服务进行了两次调查。考查动词时态。根据“since June”可知句子是现在完成时，故选D。
7．（2021·西藏·中考真题）I wonder if he ________ time tomorrow；if he ________ free, I’ll invite him to give a speech in our school.
A．will have; is B．has; will be
C．will; have D．has; is
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我想知道是否明天他有时间。如果他有空，我会邀请他在我们学校演讲。考查动词的时态。动词“wonder”后是“if ”引导宾语从句，表达“是否明天他有时间”,根据“tomorrow” 可知从句是一般将来时，动词用“will have”。后半句是“if”引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句是一般现在时表示将来，表达“如果他有空”，be动词用“is”。故选A。
8．（2022·辽宁丹东·中考真题）—Do Chinese people like ping-pong a lot —Yes. It _______ by people of all ages.
A．plays B．is played C．played D．was played
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——中国人很喜欢乒乓球吗？——是的。各个年龄段的人都打乒乓球。考查时态与语态。主语“It”指代乒乓球，与动词play之间是动宾关系，结合“Do Chinese people like ping-pong a lot ”可知用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/are done。故选B。
9．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）The second “Tiangong Lecture” kicked off! Bing Dwen Dwen ________ a teaching tool!
A．is used for B．was used for C．is used as D．was used a
【答案】D
【解析】句意：第二届“天宫讲座”拉开帷幕！冰墩墩被用作教学工具！考查动词短语和时态。be used for被用于做某事，表示用途；be used as被用作……，表示身份或工具。根据“kicked”可知时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，排除A，C；结合“Bing Dwen Dwen ... a teaching tool!”可知，冰墩墩被当作教学工具使用，故选D。
10．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真题）Three Chinese astronauts（宇航员） ________ to China Space Station successfully on June 5, 2022.
A．sent B．are sent C．were sent
【答案】C
【解析】句意：三名中国宇航员在2022年6月5日被成功送往中国空间站。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“on June 5, 2022”可知句子应用一般过去时。主语Three Chinese astronauts为复数名词，与动词send“派送”存在逻辑上的被动关系，句子应用被动语态，其结构为were sent。故选C。
11.【2020 鄂州市】—Mr. White, when shall I hand in my report
—As soon as it ________ tomorrow.
A. finishes B. will finish C. will be finished D. is finished
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——怀特先生，我什么时候交报告？——明天一完成就交。finish完成。finishes动词的第三人称单数形式；will finish一般将来时；will be finished一般将来时的被动语态；is finished一般现在时的被动语态。as soon as意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，句中为避免重复省略了主句，从句用一般现在时；主语it与动词finish之间是动宾关系，要用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/are done，D项符合题意。故选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态。
12.【2020 丹东市 】 —Mum, where is dad
—He ________ the supermarket.
A. was going to B. has gone to C. has been to D. is going to
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——妈妈，爸爸在哪里？——他去超市了。
was going to将要，过去将来时；has gone to去了（未回），现在完成时；has been to去过（已回），现在完成时；is going to将要，一般将来时；根据句意理解及前面的问句where is dad 可知爸爸现在不在这里，这里表达的是“去了某地还没回来”，英语是have/ has gone to，故选B。
考查时态。
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【2023赢在中考】-中考英语二轮专题解读与强化训练学案
专题11 动词的时态和语态
一、动词时态：
考向一：一般现在时的用法
①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词连用。
I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。
These T-shirts are new. 这些T恤衫是新的。
②表示客观事实、真理。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
③在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨，我将在户外骑自行车。
I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。
④表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start，begin，leave，go，come，arrive，return，take place等。
考向二：一般现在时的构成
在一般情况下用动词原形，若主语为第三人称单数，一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 直接加-s read→reads love→loves
以s，o，x，ch，sh结尾 加-es pass→passes box→boxesteach→teaches wash→washes
以辅音字母 + y结尾 将y变为i，再加-es carry→carries study→studies
不规则变化 have→has be→am/is/are
一般将来时主要构成形式
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。
1. will/shall+动词原形，shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称，will not=won’t，shall not=shan’t。
Which paragraph shall I read first 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening 今晚七点回家好吗？
2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划、安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，暴风雨快来了。
3. be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4. be about to +不定式，意为＂马上做某事＂。
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
be to和be going to的区别
be to表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to表示主观的打算或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）
I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观打算）
5.现在进行时表将来时
下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时：go，come，fly，leave，start，begin，finish，end，arrive等。
she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow.
6.一般现在时表将来
a. 下列动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。
b. 以here，there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
c. 在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes（不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
d. 在动词hope，take care that，make sure that等的宾语从句中。
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
be going to和will 的区别
be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的：
1. be going to主要用于：
a. 表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。
What are you going to do today 今天你们打算做什么？
Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。
I’m going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。
She’s going to play the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。
b. 表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集，要下雨了。
I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。
2. will主要用于在以下几个方面：
a. 表示单纯的未来＂将要＂，通用各个人称。
They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。
I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。
b. 表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。
Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.
今天是星期六。明天是（将）是星期日。
He will be thirty years old this time next year.
明年这个时候他将三十岁了。
c. 问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。
Will you please turn on the radio 请打开收音机好吗？
Will you go to the zoo with me 你和我一起去动物园好吗？
一般将来时特殊用法：
1. be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to talk about the report next Saturday.
2. be about to +不定式，意为＂马上做某事＂。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：be about to不能与tomorrow，next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
3. 有些表趋向性的动词可用进行时表将来，如：go，come，arrive，fly(飞往)，reach（到达），stay，leave，start，die等。
1. 一般过去时的定义
①一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如 yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week，in 2015，three days ago，the other day，just now，at the moment，this morning，once upon a time，long long ago。
—What did you do yesterday 昨天你做了什么？
—I went swimming. 我去游泳了。
②表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。
When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。
2. 一般过去时的基本结构
①实义动词
肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.
I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。
否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。
I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。
一般疑问句及其回答：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did.
否定回答：No, 主语 + didn’t / did not.
—Did you go to the cinema yesterday 你昨天去看电影了吗？
—Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 是的，我去了。/ 不，我没去。
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？
—Where did you go yesterday 你昨天去哪儿了？
—I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。
② be 动词
肯定句：主语 + was/were + 其他.
I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
否定句：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他.
I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。
一般疑问句及其回答：Were/Was + 主语 + 其他
—Were you at home yesterday 你昨天在家吗？
—Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 是的，我在家。/ 不，我不在家。
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他
—Where were you yesterday 你昨天在哪？
—I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
3. 动词过去式的变化规则
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加-ed wash→washed help→helped
以不发音的字母e结尾 加-d hope→hoped like→liked
以辅音字母 + y结尾 变y为i，再加-ed carry→carried study→studied
结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned
一、现在进行时的定义
现在进行时主要用于表示目前正在进行的动作，有时也可表示现阶段在进行的动作。
The teacher is giving us an English lesson. 老师正在给我们上英语课。
The farmers are getting in their crops. 农民们正在收割庄稼。
We are making preparations for the conference. 我们一直在为会议作准备。
二、现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由＂be+现在分词（v-ing）＂构成。be应为助动词，一定不要漏掉！它应与主语的人称和数保持一致，即：I am/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is，you/we/they 包括复数名词用are。
1. 现在分词变化规则如下：
a. 动词后直接+- ing（例：sleep+-ing→sleeping）
b. 去掉不发音的e+-ing（例：bite-e+-ing→biting）
c. 重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+-ing（例：sitting，beginning，getting，putting，running，stopping，cutting）
d. 特殊变化：die→dying，lie→lying，tie→tying
2. 句式构成如下：
肯定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+现在分词+其他。
They are having an English class. 他们在上英语课。
否定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+not +现在分词+其他。
They aren’t having an English class. 他们不在上英语课。
一般疑问句：Be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？
Are they having an English class 他们在上英语课吗
特殊疑问句：疑问词+be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？
What are you doing now 你现在在做什么？
助动词变化口诀：变疑问，往前提，句后问号莫丢弃；变否定，更容易，be后not 莫忘记。
四、现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
(1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如：
I’m reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情)
I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为)
(2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时只表动作的重复，而不表示动作的持续。
What are you doing these days 这几天你在干什么？
They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。
They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。
They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。
(3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时，表示动作的重复。
The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。
His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。
(5) 某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。
I’m wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否给我们帮一个忙。
过去进行的结构
肯定句：主语+ was / were + 现在分词.
I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。
We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。
否定句：主语+was/were not + 现在分词.
I wasn’t walking down the street when a UFO landed.
疑问句：Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词
Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词
What were you doing when a UFO landed
过去进行时的标志词
at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等。
I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.
昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。
At that time she was writing a book.
那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。)
过去进行时的用法详解
(1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time, yesterday等。
I was doing my homework when my mother came to home.
(2)叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用While。
I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university.
(3)表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。
They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up.
过去进行的特殊用法
1. 表示临时性
即表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况，这种情况通常不会长期如此。
It happened while I was living in Paris last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在巴黎的时候。
2. 表示计划
即表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。
He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。
用arrive, come, go, leave, take off等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排，也通常含有将来意义。
He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。
She knew the plane was taking off in five minutes. 她知道五分钟后飞机就要起飞了。
3. 表示委婉语气
动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。
I was hoping you would give me some advice. 我希望你给我出点主意。
Good morning. I was wondering if you had two single rooms.
早上好，我不知道你们是否有两个单人间。
一般过去时也有类似用法，相比之处，一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的，而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。
4. 表示重复
过去进行时有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用，强调动作的不断重复的。
They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。
She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。
She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。
注意：现在进行时也有类似用法，但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作，而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
区别一：过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。
He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完)
He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)
区别二：表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。
I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。
区别三：一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用，表示＂过去经常性、习惯性的动作＂；而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感彩。
He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。
He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。
区别四：有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。
I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。
I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。
现在完成时基本结构：
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语.
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他）
过去分词变化规则如下：
1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点：
（1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。
work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited
（2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。
live→lived→lived
（3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。
study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried
（4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。
stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped
2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。
cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit
现在完成时用法
1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo.
我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。
2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：
He has lived here since 1978.
自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
注意：for和since的用法。
①for + 时间段 译为：……时间
②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来)
③since + 时间段 + ago
④since + 从句(过去时)
⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)
注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：
come/arrive/reach/get to→be in go out→be out finish→be over
open→be open die→be dead buy→have
Fall ill→be ill Come back→be back Put on→be on/wear
Worry→be worried Catch a cold→have a cold
被动语态
考向一：被动语态的句型
句型 构成 例句
肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。
否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。
一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...) —Was Tom asked to come early 汤姆被要求早点来吗 —Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不，他没有。
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...) Why was this bridge destroyed by the government 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥
考向二：被动语态的各种时态形式
时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。
一般过去时 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他 The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。
一般将来时 主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他 Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。When will the work be finished 这项工作什么时候完成？
现在进行时 主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他 A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。
过去进行时 主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他 The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。
现在完成时 主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他 He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？
过去完成时 主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他 The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。
情态动词 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他 Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。
考向三：被动语态的用法
用法 例句
不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者 How is this word pronounced 这个单词怎么发音？The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。
强调动作的承受者 School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。
当动作的执行者是泛指时 He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。
表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者 I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。
句法修饰的需要 The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。
有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。
单项选择
1．（2022·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）Xia Sen ________ a simple life and saves her money for donations.
A．lives B．lived C．was living D．will live
2．（2022·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）—I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.
—I ________. It’s not safe.
A．agree B．agreed C．will agree D．had agreed
3．（2022·湖北·统考中考真题）He ________ newspapers at 8:00 every evening.
A．reads B．is reading C．was reading D．has read
4．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—Using public chopsticks ______ necessary when eating with others.
—That’s right.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
5．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—Your son’s dream will come true as long as ______.
—I hope so.
A．he will study hard B．she will study hard
C．he studies hard D．she studies hard
6．（2022·吉林·统考中考真题）—Helen, why didn’t you come to the party yesterday
—Oh, I ________ for the speech competition.
A．prepares B．prepared C．will prepare
7．（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）—Mike is from America but speaks perfect Chinese.
—So he does. He has learned Chinese by himself since he ________ college.
A．is attending B．has attended C．attended
8．（2022·湖北·统考中考真题）Li Lei ________ the school bus last Friday.
A．misses B．missed C．was missing D．has missed
9．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）— Bruce ________ so much in the past two years.
— Yeah, he ________ be shy, but now he is confident and active.
A．has changed; used to B．changed; is used to
C．changed; used to D．has changed; is used to
10．（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）China ________ nine gold medals at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
A．wins B．is winning C．won D．will win
11．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）Tom hasn’t decided ________ this Saturday.
A．where he will have a picnic B．where will he have a picnic
C．where he had a picnic D．where did he have a picnic
12．（2022·广西百色·中考真题）I don’t know if it _________ tomorrow, but if it _________, I’ll stay at home.
A．will rain; rains B．will rain; will rain C．rains; will rain D．rains; rains
13．（2022·浙江温州·统考中考真题）—Lydia, have you decided which city to travel to, London or New York
—Not yet. Maybe I ________ London to meet my friends this time.
A．visit B．visited C．will visit D．was visiting
14．（2022·江西·统考中考真题）Don’t leave your toys on the table, or I ________ them away.
A．threw B．will throw C．have thrown D．was throwing
15．（2022·安徽·统考中考真题）—What are you saving money for
—Father’s Day is around the corner. I ________ a gift for my father.
A．am going to buy B．have bought C．bought D．was buying
16．（2022·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）Please be quiet! The students ________ an English class.
A．have B．are having C．will have
17．（2022·广西梧州·统考中考真题）—Wow! The music sounds wonderful!
—Yes. Jessie ________ the violin in the next room.
A．plays B．played
C．is playing D．was playing
18．（2022·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Nanjing Road is very crowded these days.
—The workers ________ it. It is said that it ________ soon.
A．repair；finishes B．have repaired；will finish C．are repairing；will be finished
19．（2022·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）— Is your father at home, Jill
— No. He ________ his car outside.
A．was washing B．will wash C．is washing
20．（2022·北京·统考中考真题）The workers _________ the community center now.
A．cleaned B．were cleaning C．will clean D．are cleaning
21．（2022·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）When the teacher got into the classroom, Xiaoming ________ a novel.
A．read B．reads C．is reading D．was reading
22．（2022·四川乐山·统考中考真题）— Jane, I called you last night but nobody answered.
— Oh, my parents and I ________ a walk in the park at that time.
A．are taking B．were taking C．have taken
23．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）What ________ you ________ when I called you yesterday afternoon You neither answered nor called me back.
A．are; doing B．will; do C．were; doing
24．（2022·江苏常州·统考中考真题）—Why didn’t you open the door for me, Jim
—I ________ clothes in the bathroom. I didn’t hear the knock.
A．am washing B．have washed C．was washing D．washed
25．（2022·广西·统考中考真题）— What were you doing when I called you last night
— I ________ football with my father.
A．play B．was playing C．will play
26．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）As we all know, online learning ________ very popular with students since the beginning of last year.
A．are becoming B．has become C．would become D．had become
27．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）The new restaurant _______ two surveys on its food and service since June.
A．is doing B．will do C．did D．has done
28．（2022·四川巴中·统考中考真题）—It’s reported that a new high-speed railway will be finished in recent years in our hometown, Bazhong.
—Yes. Great changes ________ since I worked here.
A．will take place B．were taken place C．have taken place D．took place
29．（2022·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—Would you like to see the movie Changjin Lake this evening
—Oh, it’s a good movie. But I _________ it already.
A．saw B．have seen C．see D．will see
30．（2022·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）—May I speak to Wang Li
—Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ since last month.
A．left B．has left C．has been away D．went away
31．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）—What a mess! The sharing bikes ________ everywhere.
—Let’s collect and put them in the right place so that they can be used conveniently.
A．throw B．threw C．is thrown D．are thrown
32．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）Our school held the graduation ceremony last Friday. All the parents ________ to cheer us up.
A．are invited B．were invited C．will be invited
33．（2022·江西·统考中考真题）Mr. Smith created a new game. Soon all his students ________ rules to play it.
A．teach B．taught C．are taught D．were taught
34．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）His guitar ________ as a gift for him last week.
A．buys B．is bought C．bought D．was bought
35．（2022·四川成都·统考中考真题）Some groups _______ prizes on April 15, 2022 by the Central Committee of the CYLC（共青团中央）.
A．were given B．were giving C．will be given
36．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）Last year, a new old people’s home ________ in our community.
A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built
37．（2022·四川遂宁·统考中考真题）—More and more high-technology products ________ in China.
—Yes. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
A．is making B．are making C．is made D．are made
38．（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world today.
A．learns B．learned C．was learned D．is learned
39．（2022·江苏南京·统考中考真题）It's said that an Asian Culture Village__________ inside the AYG Village in Nanjing in the coming Asian Youth Games period.
A．builds B．is building C．will be built D．was built
40．（2022·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）The Youth Sports Center on Zixiao Road ________ last year.
A．built B．was built C．has built D．was building
41．（2022·河北·统考中考真题）—Mmm…Delicious. What is it
—It ________ zongzi, Tony. It’s a traditional food in China.
A．calls B．is called C．called D．was called
42．（2022·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）The Communist Party of China’s 20th National Congress (中共二十大) _______ in autumn this year.
A．was held B．is held C．will be held
43．（2022·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—Waiter, a glass of apple juice, please.
—Sorry. Apple juice ________ only at breakfast.
A．serves B．is served C．is serving
44．（2022·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）—I hear that you took part in a forest clean-up activity last Sunday.
—Yes, it ________ by our school green club to protect forests.
A．organizes B．organized C．was organized D．will be organized
45．（2022·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）Tea _______ by accident about 5000 years ago.
A．invented B．was invented C．is invented
46．（2022·云南昆明·统考中考真题）The tea in Yunnan is so famous that it ________ to places across the world every day.
A．sends B．sent C．is sent D．will be sent
47．（2022·甘肃定西·统考中考真题）Paper ________ in ancient China more than 2,000 years ago.
A．invented B．was invented C．invent D．is invented
48．（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）I am happy I ________ to be the monitor of our class by my classmates.
A．choose B．chose C．was chosen
49．（2022·海南·统考中考真题）Few students could understand the sentence until it ________ by Miss Chen.
A．explained B．was explained C．was explaining
50．（2022·广西贺州·统考中考真题）After the boy’s homework ________, he went out to play.
A．finished B．finishes C．was finished D．is finished
完形填空
（2022·陕西·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
Dear Museum Scientists,
My name is Yang Jingjing. ____51____ live by the sea, near a mangrove swamp (红树林沼泽地).
My mom is ____52____ tour guide. She knows a lot about the mangrove swamp. She loves ____53____ people the beautiful animals that live there. I am writing to you ____54____ I’m worried about what is happening near my home. The mangroves are home to many ____55____ such as birds, butterflies, snakes and so on. Down in the water under the trees are homes of fish and shrimp. The mangroves also protect us ____56____ wind, waves and floods (浪潮与水灾).
However, in the past few years, things ____57____ greatly. These changes bring lots of worries to more and more people. New neighborhoods (社区) ____58____ last year and the year before. It turned the place with mangroves into stores, houses, cinemas, restaurants and car parks. What is even ____59____, all these things are still going on! What will happen to the animals that live in the mangroves I don’t know ____60____. How I wish we can find a way to live together with the mangroves and animals!
Sincerely yours,
Yang Jingjing
51．A．My B．Mine C．I D．Me
52．A．a B．an C．the D．/
53．A．show B．to show C．give D．to give
54．A．although B．before C．because D．unless
55．A．plant B．plants C．animal D．animals
56．A．from B．with C．about D．for
57．A．has changed B．have changed C．is changing D．are changing
58．A．build B．are built C．built D．were built
59．A．bad B．worse C．good D．better
60．A．what we can do B．what can we do C．how we can do D．how can we do
阅读理解
A
（2022·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）
The Beijing Winter Olympic Games saw many young players shine on the biggest stage. Let’s take a look at three of them.
At just the age of 18, Su Yiming won China’s first gold medal in men’s snowboarding. He practiced hard and when he achieved his dream, he said, “I want to say to all Chinese snowboarders that they should keep working hard and never give up, because dreams can come true.”
Gu Ailing, an 18-year-old girl, got two gold medals. She is known for her strong will and hard work. She encourages teenagers to challenge themselves through winter sports. “I love feeling nervous and then overcoming(克服) it, feeling that rush...that got me into skiing,” she said.
Li Wenlong, a 21-year-old speed skater, skated behind his teammates as a team tactic(战术). With his help, Ren Ziwei won the gold medal. And he himself crossed the line in second place. “I’m very excited. This silver is just the beginning,” he said, “I’m going to keep going and hope to one day change the color of the medal to gold.”
Among the three young players, ________ are of the same age.
A．Su Yiming and Gu Ailing B．Gu Ailing and Li Wenlong C．Su Yiming and Li Wenlong
62．What did Su Yiming want to tell all Chinese snowboarders
A．Snowboarding is very easy.
B．They must start snowboarding at a very young age.
C．They should keep working hard and never give up.
63．How many gold medals did Gu Ailing win at the Beijing Winter Olympic Games
A．One. B．Two. C．Three.
64．What kind of girl is Gu Ailing according to the article
A．Patient. B．Helpful. C．Hard-working.
65．What did Li Wenlong do as a team tactic
A．He skated behind his teammates.
B．He skated in front of his teammates.
C．He skated faster than his teammates.
B
（2022·内蒙古通辽·统考中考真题）
I prefer to go slowly when I drive in the mountains of my home, because the forest scenery is beautiful no matter what the season is. This morning I was driving slower than usual because an early March snow had made the roads slippery (湿滑的). Going up a mountain road, I had to slow down as I rounded a sharp, snowy curve (转弯处). That was when I saw a strong and handsome male deer standing in the middle of the road. I came to a full stop and for a few seconds we just looked at each other. His eyes seemed wise and calm. Finally, he nodded his head at me. I nodded in return and waved with my hand for him to go on. He then jumped and ran across the road, up the hill, and back into the woods. I drove on smiling at the magic of this moment and thanked that I had been going slowly enough not to hit this beautiful creature.
Most of us rush through this life not knowing what we are missing. We hardly get to enjoy what each day brings us. Wouldn’t it be better to go slowly through our days here Life is meant to be savored. Moments are meant to be valued. Days are meant to be lived in love and joy not flown through at a crazy speed.
The next time you find yourself going too fast, slow down. Take the time to watch the sunrise fill the world with light. Take the time to smile, laugh and sing. Take the time to read and relax. Take the time to live your life with love and delight in all the miracles each day brings you. If you do, your life will be much better and more beautiful. And you might even end up not hitting a deer on your way home.
66．Why does the writer like to go slowly in the mountains
A．Because there is much snow.
B．Because the forest scenery is beautiful.
C．Because the road is dangerous.
D．Because there is a male deer.
67．What might the writer regret most if he drove too fast in the mountains according to Paragraph 1
A．Missing the beautiful scenery of the mountains.
B．Missing the chance of spending time with animals.
C．Missing the chance of enjoying an early March snow in the mountains.
D．Missing the chance of having magical communication with a deer.
68．How did the writer feel after meeting the deer
A．Upset. B．Thankful. C．Worried. D．Lucky.
69．What does the underlined word “savored” mean in Chinese
A．积极 B．创造 C．品味 D．勇敢
70．What’s the best title of this passage
A．Enjoy Life B．Love Nature
C．Protect Animals D．Drive Slowly
四、短文填空
（2022·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）
从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每空不超过两个词。
proud up cover in easily they serve high remember how
When the movie Leap was put on at cinemas on Sept. 25, 2020, it received a lot of praise from the whole country. The movie shows the spirit of the Chinese women’s volleyball players and ____71____ journey to becoming an excellent volleyball team.In order to stand on the world’s ____72____ podium (领奖台), the girls of the women’s volleyball team worked day and night to practice. Finally, they became the gold medal (金牌) owners and the ____73____ of the Chinese people. However, the road to the championship (冠军称号) ____74____ with tears and sweats (汗水). They fell many times and climbed ____75____ again and again to achieve the final success. “Without going through the wind and rain, ____76____ can we see the rainbow (彩虹) No one can succeed ____77____.” The girls always keep these words ____78____ mind. Over 40 years of ups and downs, they have gradually become a legend (传奇) of the world volleyball sport.
____79____ the country and never giving up are the keys to their success. That is what the film Leap wants us ____80____ forever.
参考答案：
1．A
【详解】句意：夏森过着简朴的生活，攒钱捐款。
考查动词时态。根据“and saves her money for donations”可知句子描述现在的情况，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单三。故选A。
2．A
【详解】句意：——我认为16岁的孩子不应该被允许开车。——我同意。这不安全。
考查时态。根据“I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.”可知此处表达自己当前的想法，用一般现在时。故选A。
3．A
【详解】句意：他每天晚上八点看报纸。
考查一般现在时。根据“every evening.”可知，本句是一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，动词用三单形式reads。故选A。
4．A
【详解】句意：——与他人一起吃饭时，使用公用筷子是必要的。——确实如此。
考查主谓一致以及动词时态。此处阐述的是使用公筷的必要性，句子用一般现在时，动名词作主语，be动词用is，故选A。
5．C
【详解】句意：——只要你儿子努力学习，他的梦想就会实现。——希望如此。
考查时态以及人称单词。根据“Your son’s...”可知此处指你儿子努力，用代词he，排除BD；句子是as long as引导的条件状语从句，从句中用一般现在时，主语是he，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故选C。
6．B
【详解】句意：——Helen，你昨天为什么没有来参加派对？——哦，我在准备演讲比赛。
考查动词时态。根据问句“didn’t”可知，答语用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选B。
7．C
【详解】句意：——迈克来自美国，但能说一口流利的中文。 ——是的。自从上大学以来，他就自学中文。
考查一般过去时。since后用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。故选C。
8．B
【详解】句意：李雷上周五错过了校车。
考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“last Friday”可知，本句是一般过去时，动词用过去式missed。故选B。
9．A
【详解】句意：——布鲁斯在过去的两年中变化很大。——是的，他以前很害羞，但现在他很自信和积极。
考查时态。第一处根据“in the past two years”可知，用现在完成时，排除BC；第二处根据“but now he is confident and active”可知，强调与现在的对比，用used to be结构，是一般过去时。be used to do sth“被用来做某事”，不符合语境。故选A。
10．C
【详解】句意：中国在2022年北京冬奥会赢得了9枚金牌。
考查时态。根据“...at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.”可知此处指发生过的事情，用一般过去时。故选C。
11．A
【详解】句意：汤姆还没有决定这个星期六在哪里野餐。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除BD；结合“this Saturday.”可知，时态是一般将来时。故选A。
12．A
【详解】句意：我不知道明天会不会下雨，但如果下雨，我会待在家里。
考查if条件句和宾语从句。前半个句子中包含一个由if引导的宾语从句，根据时间标志词“tomorrow”可知，要用一般将来时，所以可以先排除选项CD；后半句子包含由if引导的条件状语从句，此时根据“主将从现”的原则，从句要用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词需要加s。故选A。
13．C
【详解】句意：——Lydia，你决定去哪个城市旅行了吗，伦敦还是纽约？——还没有。也许我这次会去伦敦见我的朋友。
考查动词时态。根据“have you decided which city to travel to, London or New York”及“Not yet”可知，去伦敦的这个事情还没有发生，用一般将来时will do的结构，故选C。
14．B
【详解】句意：不要把你的玩具放在桌子上，否则我就把它们扔掉。
考查时态。句子用“祈使句，or+陈述句”结构，表示如果把玩具放在桌子上，将会把它们扔了，此处用一般将来时，其结构为will do。故选B。
15．A
【详解】句意：——你存钱是为了什么？——父亲节马上就要到了。我打算给我爸爸买一件礼物。
考查时态。根据“Father’s Day is around the corner.”可知，父亲节快到了，打算给爸爸买礼物，用一般将来时，故选A。
16．B
【详解】句意：请安静！学生们正在上英语课。
考查动词时态。根据提醒语“Please be quiet!”可知正在上英语课，需用现在进行时。故选B。
17．C
【详解】句意：——哇！音乐听起来很棒！——是的。 杰西正在隔壁房间拉小提琴。
考查动词时态。根据“Wow! The music sounds wonderful!”可知，拉小提琴的动作正在进行，需用现在进行时(am/is/are doing)。故选C。
18．C
【详解】句意：——南京路这几天很拥挤。——工人们正在修路。据说很快就完工了。
考查动词时态。根据“Nanjing Road is very crowded these days”可知，工人这些天正在修理，用现在进行时表示某一阶段正在进行的动作。根据“soon”可知，第二空应填一般将来时，主语it与动词finish之间是被动关系，故第二空用一般将来时被动语态，故选C。
19．C
【详解】句意：——你父亲在家吗，吉尔？——不。他正在外面洗车。
考查动词时态。根据“Is your father at home, Jill ”可知此处是回答父亲正在做的事情，应用现在进行时，故选C。
20．D
【详解】句意：工人们现在正在打扫社区中心。
考查现在进行时。根据“now”可知句子要用现在进行时，其结构是“be（am/is/are） doing”。故选D。
21．D
【详解】句意：老师进教室时，小明正在看小说。
考查过去进行时。根据“When the teacher got into the classroom, Xiaoming...a novel.”可知，此处强调在过去的某个时间点，动作正在发生，故选D。
22．B
【详解】句意：——Jane，我昨晚给你打电话，但没人接。——哦，我的父母和我当时正在公园散步。
考查动词时态。根据“at that time”可知，此处表示过去某个时刻正在发生的事情，用过去进行时was/were doing的结构，故选B。
23．C
【详解】句意：昨天下午我给你打电话时你在干什么？你既不接也不回电话。
考查过去进行时。根据“What...you...when I called you yesterday afternoon ”可知，此处强调在过去的时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选C。
24．C
【详解】句意：——你为什么不给我开门，吉姆？——我在浴室洗衣服。我没有听到敲门声。
考查时态。根据“Why didn’t you open the door for me, Jim ”和“I...clothes in the bathroom.”可知，强调在过去的时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故选C。
25．B
【详解】句意：——昨晚我打电话给你的时候你在干什么？——我正在跟我爸爸踢足球。
考查动词时态。根据“What were you doing when I called you last night”可知，答语用过去进行时“was/were doing“的结构表示“过去某个时刻正在发生的事情”，故选B。
26．B
【详解】句意：我们都知道，自去年年初以来，在线学习已经受到学生的欢迎。
考查现在完成时。根据“since the beginning of last year”可知，此处用现在完成时，故选B。
27．D
【详解】句意：自6月份以来，这家新餐厅就其食物和服务进行了两次调查。
考查动词时态。根据“since June”可知句子是现在完成时，故选D。
28．C
【详解】句意：——据报道，在我们的家乡巴中，一条新的高速铁路将于近几年建成。——是的。自从我在这里工作以来，这里发生了很大的变化。
考查动词时态。since+一般过去时的从句，主句用现在完成时，故选C。
29．B
【详解】句意：——今晚你想看电影《长津湖》吗？——哦，那是一部好电影。但是我已经看过了。
考查时态。根据“already”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，使用现在完成时have/has done。故选B。
30．C
【详解】句意：——我可以和王丽说话吗？——对不起，她不在家。从上个月开始，她就离开了。
考查时态。根据“since last month”可知句子应使用现在完成时have/has done，排除AD；且此处应用延续性动词，而left“离开”是非延续动词，排除B。故选C。
31．D
【详解】句意：——真是一团糟！共享单车随处可见。——让我们把它们收集起来，放在合适的地方，以便方便使用。
考查被动语态。句子主语与动词之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态，主语是复数名词，be动词用are，故选D。
32．B
【详解】句意：我们学校上周五举行了毕业典礼。所有的家长都被邀请来给我们打气。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last Friday”可知，时态是一般过去时，主语是动作的承受者，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
33．D
【详解】句意：史密斯先生创造了一个新游戏。很快，他所有的学生都学会了玩围棋的规则。
考查时态和语态。主语“all his students”是被教规则，与动词teach之间是动宾关系，结合“created”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done。故选D。
34．D
【详解】句意：他的吉他是上周买给他的礼物。
考查时态和语态。主语“His guitar”与动词buy之间是动宾关系，结合“last week”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done。故选D。
35．A
【详解】句意：2022年4月15日，部分团体被共青团中央颁奖。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“Some groups”和谓语“give给”之间是被动关系，根据“on April 15, 2022”可知用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选A。
36．D
【详解】句意：去年，我们社区建了一座新的养老院。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语是动作的承受者，时态“Last year”是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。
37．D
【详解】句意：——越来越多的高科技产品是中国制造的。 ——是的。我们的国家越来越强大。
考查一般现在时被动语态。主语products与动词make之间是被动关系，故此处应用被动语态，主语是复数形式，助动词用are，故选D。
38．D
【详解】句意：今天，世界上越来越多的人学习汉语。
考查动词时态和语态。根据“Chinese...by more and more people ”可知，汉语是被人们学习，所以用被动语态，结合today可知，用一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are done）。故选D。
39．C
【详解】句意：据说，在即将来临的亚洲青年运动会期间，要在南京亚运村里面建一座亚洲文化村。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“in the coming Asian Youth Games period”可知，描述的是将要发生的动作，从句主语是动作的承受者，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。
40．B
【详解】句意：紫霄路上的青少年体育中心是去年建成的。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语“The Youth Sports Center”是动作的承受者，结合“last year”可知，此处是一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
41．B
【详解】句意：——嗯……好吃。这是什么？——它叫粽子，托尼。这是中国的传统食物。
考查被动语态。根据“What is it ”可知，此处回答使用一般现在时，It指代询问的这个东西，与动词call之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，It为单数，结构为is done。故选B。
42．C
【详解】句意：今年秋季，中共二十大将举行。
考查动词的时态和语态。根据“in autumn this year”可知是将来的时间，句子是一般将来时。主语“The Communist Party of China’s 20th National Congress”和动词“举行”之间是被动关系，表达“将被举行”，动词用“will be held”。故选C。
43．B
【详解】句意：——服务员，请给我一杯苹果汁。——抱歉。苹果汁只在早餐时供应。
考查一般现在时被动语态。根据“Apple juice...only at breakfast.”可知，表示苹果汁只在早餐时供应；主语“apple juice”与动词“serve”之间是被动关系，故此处应用被动语态“be done”的结构，故选B。
44．C
【详解】句意：——我听说你上周日参加了森林清理活动。——是的。我们学校的环保俱乐部组织了这次活动来保护森林。
考查动词的时态和语态。根据“last Sunday”可知是过去的事，是一般过去时。主语“it”指的是“a forest clean-up activity”，和动词之间是被动关系，表达“被组织”用一般过去时的被动结构“was organized”。故选C。
45．B
【详解】句意：茶是大约5000年前偶然发明的。
考查一般过去时态的被动语态。根据“5000 years ago”可知，此题时态为一般过去时，又因为“Tea”和动词“invent”之间是被动的关系，故此题应该用一般过去时态的被动语态，结构为was/were done，故选B。
46．C
【详解】句意：云南的茶叶非常有名，每天都被送到世界各地。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语it和谓语send“发送”之间是被动关系，根据“every day”可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are done。故选C。
47．B
【详解】句意：纸是在2000多年前的中国古代发明的。
考查一般过去时态的被动语态。根据“2,000 years ago”可知，此题时态为一般过去时；又因为“paper”和动词“invent”之间是被动的关系，故此题应该用一般过去时态的被动语态，结构为was/were+过去分词，主语paper为第三人称单数，助动词用was。故选B。
48．C
【详解】句意：我很高兴我被同学们选为班长。
考查被动语态。主语I和动词choose之间是被动关系，应用被动语态：be done，故选C。
49．B
【详解】句意：在陈老师解释之前，有很少学生能理解这个句子。
考查动词时态和语态。根据“could understand”可知句子时态是一般过去时，分析句子主语it和动词explain可知，它们是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选B。
50．C
【详解】句意：男孩做完作业，就出去玩了。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“the boy’s homework”和谓语“finish完成”之间是被动关系，根据“he went out to play”可知用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选C。
51．C 52．A 53．B 54．C 55．D 56．A 57．B 58．D 59．B 60．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者家附近有红树林沼泽地，但是最近几年，建造了很多的建筑物，导致红树林沼泽地在逐渐减少，作者希望能找到一个方法和红树林和动物和谐相处。
51．句意：我住在海边，靠近红树林沼泽。
My我的，形容词性物主代词；Mine我的，名词性物主代词；I我，代词主格；Me我，代词宾格。此处表示“我”，作主语，用代词主格。故选C。
52．句意：我妈妈是一名导游。
a一个，不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词。此处泛指一个导游，tour以辅音音素开头，用a。故选A。
53．句意：她喜欢向人们展示生活在那里的美丽动物。
show展示，动词原形；to show动词不定式；give给，动词原形；to give动词不定式。love to do sth.“喜欢做某事”，根据“people the beautiful animals”可知是向人们展示。故选B。
54．句意：我给你写信是因为我担心我家附近发生的事情。
although虽然；before在……之前；because因为；unless除非。根据“I am writing to you...I’m worried about what is happening near my home”可知前后是因果关系，前果后因，用because引导。故选C。
55．句意：红树林是许多动物的家园。
plant植物，名词原形；plants植物，名词复数；animal动物，名词单数；animals名词复数。根据“such as birds, butterflies, snakes and so on”可知这些都是动物，many后加名词复数。故选D。
56．句意：红树林还保护我们免受风、浪和洪水的侵袭。
from来自；with和；about关于；for为了。protect...from“保护……免受”。故选A。
57．句意：然而，在过去的几年里，情况发生了很大的变化。
has changed已经改变，现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数；have changed现在完成时，主语是名词复数；is changing现在进行时，主语是第三人称单数；are changing现在进行时，主语是名词复数。根据“in the past few years”可知句子使用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词用have。故选B。
58．句意：去年和前一年建造了新的社区。
build建造，动词原形；are built一般现在时的被动；built动词过去式或过去分词；were built一般过去时的被动。主语“New neighborhoods”和谓语之间是被动关系，根据“last year”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。
59．句意：更糟糕的是，这一切还在继续！
bad坏的，形容词原形；worse更差，比较级；good好的，形容词原形；better更好，比较级。even后加比较级，且此处表示“更糟糕的是”。故选B。
60．句意：我不知道我们能做什么。
what we can do我们能做什么，陈述语序；what can we do疑问语序；how we can do我们如何做，陈述语序；how can we do我们如何做，疑问语序。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除BD；do后缺少宾语，用what引导宾语从句。故选A。
61．A 62．C 63．B 64．C 65．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了2022年北京冬奥会上一些首次亮相的年轻的奥运奖牌得主。
61．细节理解题。根据“At just the age of 18, Su Yiming won China’s first gold medal in men’s snowboarding.”和“Gu Ailing, an 18-year-old girl”可知，苏翊鸣和谷爱凌一样大，都是十八岁。故选A。
62．细节理解题。根据“I want to say to all Chinese snowboarders that they should keep working hard and never give up”可知，他们应该继续努力，永不放弃。故选C。
63．细节理解题。根据“Gu Ailing, an 18-year-old girl, got two gold medals.”可知，她获得了两枚金牌。故选B。
64．细节理解题。根据“She is known for her strong will and hard work.”可知，她很勤奋、努力。故选C。
65．细节理解题。根据“With his help, Ren Ziwei won the gold medal. And he himself crossed the line in second place.”可知，在他的帮助下，队友获得了第一名，而他自己是第二名，所以他在队友后面跟滑。故选A。
66．B 67．D 68．B 69．C 70．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在山里开车时，往往走得很慢，一天早上和鹿的“对话”使作者感悟到我们应该放慢脚步，更充分地享受生活。
66．细节理解题。根据“I prefer to go slowly when I drive in the mountains of my home, because the forest scenery is beautiful no matter what the season is.”可知，作者在山里行驶慢的原因是森林的景色很美。故选B。
67．推理判断题。根据“I drove on smiling at the magic of this moment and thanked that I had been going slowly enough not to hit this beautiful creature.”可知，作者很感谢自己车开得慢，没有错失和鹿交流的美好时刻；故推知如果作者车开得很快，会后悔失去和鹿交流的机会。故选D。
68．推理判断题。根据“I drove on smiling at the magic of this moment and thanked that I had been going slowly enough not to hit this beautiful creature.”可知，作者很感谢自己车开得慢，没有错失和鹿交流的美好时刻，可推知作者是心存感激的。故选B。
69．词句猜测题。根据“Life is meant to be savored.”及本段语境可知，作者认为人们应该慢下来去享受生活，美好时刻应该被珍视，所以此处指应该品味生活。故选C。
70．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文作者认为我们的生活节奏应该慢下来，学会感受生活中的美好时刻；故“Enjoy Life”可作为本文标题。故选A。
71．their 72．highest 73．pride 74．was covered 75．up 76．how 77．easily 78．in 79．Serving 80．to remember
【导语】本文主要介绍了一部电影《夺冠》，讲述了中国女排的奋斗历程和顽强拼搏的精神。报效祖国，永不言弃是她们成功的关键。
71．句意：这部电影展现了中国女排队员的精神，以及她们成为一支优秀排球队的历程。此处需填形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词“journey ”。结合句意及备选词汇可知，“they”的形容词性物主代词their“她们的”符合语境。故填their。
72．句意：为了站在世界最高的领奖台上，女排的姑娘们夜以继日地训练。根据“In order to stand on the world’s...podium...”可知，此处指世界最高领奖台，应用形容词high的最高级形式highest“最高的”。故填highest。
73．句意：最后，她们成为金牌得主和中国人民的骄傲。备选词汇中proud“自豪的”是形容词，此处应用名词pride，构成短语the pride of...“……的骄傲”。故填pride。
74．句意：然而，冠军之路布满了泪水和汗水。此处缺少谓语动词，结合句意及备选词汇可知，cover“覆盖”符合语境。主语road为动作的承受者，故用被动语态。be covered with“被……覆盖”，时态为一般过去时且主语为单数，故be用was。故填was covered。
75．句意：他们跌倒了很多次，然后一次又一次地爬起来，最终取得了成功。climb up动词短语，意为“向上爬，爬起来”。故填up。
76．句意：不经历风雨，怎能见彩虹？这是一句鼓励人们努力奋斗的名言，结合句意及备选词汇可知，应用特殊疑问词how“怎样，如何”。故填how。
77．句意：没有人能轻易成功。此处应填一个副词，修饰动词“succeed”。结合句意及备选词汇可知，副词easily“容易地”符合语境。故填easily。
78．句意：女孩们总是把这些牢记于心。keep...in mind“把……牢记于心”，动词短语。故填in。
79．句意：报效祖国，永不言弃是她们成功的关键。根据“...the country and never giving up are...”可知，“and”连接并列成分，此处为动名词作主语。结合句意及备选词汇可知，serve“（为……）工作”符合语境，其动名词为serving，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Serving。
80．句意：这就是电影《夺冠》希望我们永远记住的。want sb. to do sth.“想要某人做某事”，此处指想让我们记住“That”指代的前文内容。备选词汇中remember“记牢”符合语境，需填其不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to remember。
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