专题15 宾语从句-【2023赢在中考】-中考英语二轮专题解读与强化训练（课件+学案）

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【2023赢在中考】英语二轮专题解读与强化训练
专题15 宾语从句
考纲解读
考纲解读
考纲解读
宾语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查宾语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。
宾语从句就是用一个句子来构成主句的宾语。
结构：主句+连接词+宾语从句
宾语从句的概念
宾语从句分为三类：
1.动词的宾语从句：He told us that they would help us though the whole work.
2.介词的宾语从句：The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
3.形容词的宾语从句：I am sure I will pass the exam.
宾语从句要把住三关：语序、时态和连接词。
宾语从句的概念
宾语从句的三要素
宾语从句的引导词有三种：
1）that； 2）whether/ if； 3）连接代词/副词
例如：
He said that he could help me. 他说他能够帮助我。
Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week. 你妈妈问这个星期你能否完成工作。
Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin？ 你能告诉我运动会将在什么时候开始吗？
宾语从句的引导词
(1) 以that引导的宾语从句：
that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当，引导词that没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，that可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。
Do you think (that) it will rain 你认为天会下雨吗？
He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。
宾语从句的引导词
【注1】
that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that ...（据说……）；It is known that ...（众所周知……）；It is reported that ...（据报告……）等当作固定句式来运用。如：
It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。
宾语从句的引导词
(2) 以whether或if引导的宾语从句：
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，变成从句后，语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和if意为“是否”。
Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.
请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。
I don’t care whether you like the story or not.
我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。
宾语从句的引导词
【注2：只用whether不用if的情况】
1) 接带to的动词不定式。 She doesn’t know whether to go to the zoo.
2) 与or not连用时。 I’m not sure whether or not he will come on time.
3) 在介词之后的宾语从句 I depends on whether it will be fine.
4) 含有宾语从句的复合句同时又包含if引导的条件句时
He asked me whether I’d move to New York if I got the job.
宾语从句的引导词
(3) 连接词：常见的连接代词有what, who, whom, which, whose等。
常见的连接副词有when, how, where, why等。
此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。例如：
Could you tell me which gate we have to go to 请问我们得走哪个门？
He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here. 他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。
宾语从句的引导词
【注4：有“两副面孔”的when】
1) when可以引导时间状语从句，意为“当”， 需注意“主将从现”的原则
I’ll send you an e-mail when I arrives in Beijing.
2) when也可以引导宾语从句，意为“什么时候”
I don’t know when he will arrive in Beijing.
宾语从句的引导词
*只用whether的情况
1. 与or not连用时
I’m not sure whether or not he will come on time.
2. 接带to的动词不定式
She doesn’t know whether to go to the zoo.
3. 介词之后作介词的宾语
It depends on whether it will rain.
4. 宾语从句位于句首表强调
Whether Millie will come I don’t know.
5. 用if会引起歧义时
Let me know whether you know the answer to the question.
*引导词that不可省略的情况
1. 宾语从句中含有主从复合句
I’m afraid that if you don’t study hard, you’ll fail in the exam.
2. 连接两个并列的宾语从句
I know (that) you are very kind and that you can help me.
3. that前面有插入语
He didn't know, I'm sure, that his mother was ill.
4. 宾语从句的主语是that
He says that that is a useful book.
【注：陈述语序和疑问语序的区别】
对比分析下列例句：
(1) Do you like English 助动词+主语+谓语动词+宾语+其他？
Tom asked me if/whether I liked English. 引导词+主语+谓语动词+宾语+其他.
(2) How will you go to Beijing 疑问词+助动词+主语+谓语动词+宾语+其他
Tom asked me how I would go to Beijing. 引导词+主语+助动词+谓语动词+宾语+其他.
总结：疑问语序中，助动词要放在主语之前；
而在陈述语序中，有时没有助动词，如果有的话要放在主语之后。
宾语从句的语序
1. —Excuse me, could you tell me ______
—Certainly. Go along the street and you will find it on the right.
A. how can I get to the radio station
B. how I can get to the radio station
C. why I can get to the radio station
【答案】B
【解析】句意：打扰一下，你能告诉我去广播站怎么走吗 -当然。 沿着这条街走，你会在右边找到它。结合答语可推知，此处指询问怎样去某地，故用表示how；又因为空格处内容在此作tell的宾语从句，宾语从句需要用陈序语序。故选 B。
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的时态应与主句时态相呼应。
宾语从句的时态
主句时态 宾语从句时态 例句
现在时或将来时 可用各种合适的时态 I want to know what time he got up this morning.
过去时 从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动作同时发生 I only knew he was studying in a western country, but I didn’t know what country he was in.
从句用过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前 He toldme that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
从句用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后 The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
任意时态 如果从句表示客观真理、自然现象或者谚语时，宾语从句要用一般现在时 The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀即可: "主现则从任,主过则从过，客观真理一般现"
A.主现则从任:主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种。
例如: He tells me he studied English in England last year. 他告诉我他去年在英国学习英语。
B.主过则从过:主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，
带“过”字的时态分别是：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。
例如: He told me that he liked playing football. 他告诉我他喜欢踢足球。
C.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。
例如: He said the moon goes around the earth. 他说月亮绕着地球转。
宾语从句的时态
2. —Did you notice ___________ in her office —Yes. She was going over our writing.
A. what was Miss Lin doing B. what Miss Lin was doing
C. what does Miss Lin do D. what Miss Lin does
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你注意林小姐在干什么了吗？——是的，她正在检查我们的写作。what was Miss Lin doing林小姐在干什么，疑问语序；what Miss Lin was doing陈述语序；what does Miss Lin do林小姐是干什么的；what Miss Lin does陈述语序。根据句子结构可知，这里考查的是宾语从句，从句中应用陈述语序，故先排除A和C。根据答语She was going over our writing可知，这里问的是过去正在做的事情，应用过去进行时，故选B。
宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的否定转移
条件 1. 主句的主语是第一人称 I 或we
2. 谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, expect, guess等表示心理活动的动词
结果 从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来
例句 I think he will come to my party.
→I don’t think he will come to my party. (我认为他不会来我的舞会。)
【注1：宾语从句否定转移以后，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致】
如：I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim, is he
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是
【注2：如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词, 其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.】
如：We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是
宾语从句的否定转移
例题：将下列复合句改为否定句
1. I think chicken can swim. _____________________________________________
2. He said that he would go shopping. _____________________________________________
3. I think he will come this evening. _____________________________________________
4. She believes he studies hard. _____________________________________________
【参考答案】
1. I don’t think chicken can swim. 2. He said that he wouldn’t go shopping.
3. I don't think he will come this evening. 4. She believes he doesn't study hard.
宾语从句的否定转移
1. 可转化为“不定式”
当宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等，其后的that引导的宾语从句可简化为不定式结构
Li Ming hopes (that) he will be back very soon.
→ Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
宾语从句的“简化规则”
2. 可转化为“疑问词+不定式”
当主句谓语动词是know, ask, remember, forget, tell等动词宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构
She has forgotten how she can open the window.
→ She has forgotten how to open the window.
Could you tell me how I can get to the station
→ Could you tell me how to get to the station
宾语从句的“简化规则”
3. 可转化为“it+形容词+不定式”
当从句为it作形式主语的结构时，宾语从句可简化为“it+形容词+不定式”
I found that it was difficult to learn English well.
→ I found it difficult to learn English well.
宾语从句的“简化规则”
1. 在做关于宾语从句的题目时，考生可以从时态入手直接排除两个干扰项；再从语序入手排除第三个干扰项
例题：—Could you tell me_____________ —Just go straight. It’s on your right.
A. where the post office is B. where is the post office
C. where the post office was D. where was the post office
解析：本题主要考查宾语从句的语序和时态。从时态的角度来说，虽然主句could you tell me的情态动词是could，但是could在此只是为了表达更加委婉的语气，和一般过去时无关，而且从语意上讲，很显然问话人想知道现在邮局在哪儿，故排除C、D两项，在A、B两项中选择；再从语序来看，宾语从句应该用陈述语序，符合的选项为A。
答案：A
宾语从句的做题方法
2. 在做关于宾语从句的题目时，考生也可以从语序入手直接排除疑问语序的两个干扰项，再从时态着手排除第三个干扰项
例题：—Do you know__________ the Capital Museum —Next Monday.
A. when they will visit B. when will they visit
C. when did they visit D. when they visited
解析：本题主要考查宾语从句的语序和时态。从语序方面来说，只有A、D两项正确，排除B、C两项；由时态标志词next Monday可以排除D。
答案：A
宾语从句的做题方法
1. ----Are you sure Kate lives here
----Quite sure. But I can't tell ______________________.
A.which room does he live B.in which room does he live
C. which room he lives in D. he lives in which room
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查宾语从句。从句语序应是陈述句语序，排除A，B.主句和从句用关系次which连接，排除D。
2. ----Mum, can you tell me _______________ I dreamed of him last night.
----Next week.
A. when my dad comes back B. where my dad goes
C. when my dad will come back D. where my dad will go
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查宾语从句。根据答句“next week下周”推测提问“爸爸什么时候回来”，（还未回来）用一般将来时，故选C。
3. ---- David asked ______________ in China.
----Of course not. Chinese usuallyshake hands with a lady as a greeting.
A.why he can greet a lady by kissing her B.Why he could greet a lady by kissing her
C. Whether he can greet a lady by kissing her D.Whether he could greet a lady by kissing her
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查宾语从句。根据语境"他是否可以在中国通过亲吻的方式和女士打招呼""当然不行"排除A，B（提问为什么）。主句asked是一般过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态，排除C。
4. She wanted to know __________________.
A.which the shortest way to the station was B.which was the shortest was to the station
C.where the shortest way to the station was D.where was the shortest was to the station
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查宾语从句。根据语境“她想知道去车站最短的路是哪条”。排除C，D.which在从句中做主语，用陈述句语序，选B。
【易错点】疑问代词在宾语从句中做主语时，不需要变换语序，类似的还有I want to know who are you？ I want to know what's your name？who/what是主系表结构中的主语。
5. -Excuse me, I wonder _______________. -Yes, it's near the bookstore.
A. where we will go for the holiday B.if there is a lost and found office
C. when she will give me a call D. how we can go to Hong Kong
【答案】B
【解析】-打扰一下，我想知道是否有失物招领处。 -有的，在书店附近。根据I wonder？再结合选项，可知I wonder后面是跟一个宾语从句，宾语从句中应该用陈述语序，即主语+谓语，这里wonder表示想知道，本身含有疑问的语气，这里用if引导，故选 B。
6. -It is so noisy here that I can't hear _______ just now. Could you please say it again
- No problem.
A.what you say B. what do you say C. what you said D. what did you say
【答案】C
【解析】-这里是如此的吵闹以至于刚刚我没有听清楚你说什么了.你能再说一次吗？-没问题.hear后加上宾语从句，主句是一般现在时，从句不受时态现在，just now表达的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时，what作为引导词，后加陈述句语序you said，故答案是C。
7. -Could you tell me _____________ to Beijing？ - Sure. Next week.
A. when will you travel B. when you will travel C. when you traveled D. when did you travel
【答案】B
【解析】-你能告诉我你什么时候去北京旅游吗？ -当然，下周。tell后加宾语从句，引导词+陈述句语序，主句是委婉语气，从句时态不受限制，结合next week用一般将来时will+动词原形，故答案是B。
8. - Could you tell me _________________ -Look! He is playing volleyball over there.
A. what is Tom doing B.how Tom did it C. where Tom is D. why Tom is doing it
【答案】C
【解析】-你能告诉我汤姆在哪里？ -看！他正在那边打排球。根据Could you tell me_？再结合选项，可知could you tell me后面是跟一个宾语从句，宾语从句中应该用陈述语序，即主语+谓语，所以排除A。再根据Look！He is playing volleyball over there.是说看！他正在那边打排球。这里句子时态应该是现在进行时，而且询问的应该是地点，故选：C。
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【2023赢在中考】-中考英语二轮专题解读与强化训练学案
专题15 宾语从句
考向一: 宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
考向二: 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。
1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。
He is an honest boy. The teacher said.
→ The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.
2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。
Does he work hard I wonder.
→ I wonder if/whether he works hard.
例：—I always feel nervous when I talk to strangers. I wonder ________.
—There are so many clubs in our school and you can join them.
A．which doctor should I go for help
B．where can I make more friends
C．how I can become more confident
D．whether listening to tapes is useful
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我与陌生人讲话的时候总是感到很紧张。我想知道我怎样能变得更自信。——我们学校有很多俱乐部，你可以参加。考查宾语从句。“I wonder”后接的是宾语从句，宾语从句应用陈述语序，排除选项A和B；根据答语“There are so many clubs in our school and you can join them.”可知宾语从句应是特殊疑问句，询问方法。故选B。
考向三: 宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题。
1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
I remember he gave me a book yesterday.
He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station
2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。
He told me that he would take part in the high jump.
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the US soon.
3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
He told me that the earth is round.
（2022·山东济南·一模）— Hi, Shirley! Could you tell me ________
—Sure. I usually go to work at 7:00 a.m.
why do you go to work B．how you go to work
C．when you go to work D．where do you go to work
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——嗨，雪莉! 你能告诉我你什么时候去上班吗？——当然。我通常早上7点去上班。考查宾语从句。根据“Could you tell me ...”可知，此处是含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除AD；再根据“I usually go to work at 7:00 a.m.”可知，此处是问时间。故选C。
宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否(if，whether)替；特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。
that引导的宾语从句
that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。
一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法
1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。
①作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：　
She says that she will help me learn English this evening.
她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。
②作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如：
He is a good boy except that he is careless.
他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。
③作＂be + 形容词＂结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如：
I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。
2. 时态：主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较：
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
【特别提醒】
当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如：
The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。
3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况：
引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略：
She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。
I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。
I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。
【注意】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略：
That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。
4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况：
that在引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都可以省略，在以下几种情况下，that不能省略。
①从句的主语是that时，that不能省略；
We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。
②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：
He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.
他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。
③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。
5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：
We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday.
小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。
6. 宾语从句的否定转移。
在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如：
①我认为今晚他不能来。
【误】I think he can’t come this evening.
【正】I don’t think he can come this evening.
②他认为我们现在不在教室里。
【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now.
【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now.
【特别警示】
含有＂否定转移＂现象的句子，主句的主语必须是第一人称，此时，变成反意疑问句，附加问句要由从句来决定；如果主句的主语是其他人称，附加问句要由主句来决定。如：
I don’t think he is right, is he 我认为他不对，是吗？
He thinks I can come, doesn’t he 他认为我能来，是不是？
7. 如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如：hardly，never，seldom，no，few，little等，其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如：
We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he
我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈，是吗？
8. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that ...（据说……）；It is known that ...（众所周知……）；It is reported that ...（据报告……）等当作固定句式来运用。如：
It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。
疑问词引导的宾语从句
特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由疑问词 when, who, what, where, whatever, how，which, why等引导。宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序，即＂主语+谓语＂词序。
①带有系动词be（is，am，are，was,were)的特殊疑问句。
主句 宾语从句
Do you know how old Liz is 你知道兹几岁吗
I know how old Liz is. 我知道莉兹几岁。
I don’t know how old Liz is. 我不知道莉兹几岁。
宾语从句＂how old Liz is＂是主句动词know的宾语。how在从句中作副词。注意从句的顺序，主语在动词前（Liz is)。
②带有（情态）助动词is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑问句
When is Ann going to lran 安什么时候去伊朗？
→ Do you know when Ann is going to lran 你知道安什么时候去伊朗吗？
→ I don’t know when Ann is going to lran. 我不知道安什么时候去伊朗。
What should I do 我该怎么办？
→ Can you tell me what I should do 你能告诉我，我该怎么办吗？
→ Please tell me what I should do. 请告诉我，我该怎么办。
Where has Ron gone 朗去了哪里？
→ Do you know where Ron has gone 你知道朗去了哪里吗？
→ I don’t know where Ron has gone. 我不知道朗去了哪里。
③带有助动词do/does/did的特殊疑问句。
Where did I put my wedding ring 我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了？
→ Do you know where I put my wedding ring 你知道我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了吗？
→ I don’t remember where I put my wedding ring. 我不记得我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了。
注意：
（1）由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子：
How much does this coat cost
→ I want to know how much this coat costs.
Where did you go yesterday
→ Please tell me where you went yesterday.
（2）当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。
What’s wrong with you 怎么了？
→ He asked the girl what was wrong with her.
What’s the matter 怎么了？
→ He asked the girl what was the matter.
What has happened to him
→ We want to know what has happened to him.
if/whether引导的宾语从句
当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为＂是否＂。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out，be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后，二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中，可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性，两者都算标准。
I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。
Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam.
爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。
Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。
I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。
He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。
【拓展】
一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。
1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。
I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。
I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong.
Let me know whether you can come or not.
I don’t know whether he will win or not.
I will write to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not.
2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。
He dosen’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。
Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。
Whether to go or stay is still a question.
I’m not sure whether to stay or leave.
I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。
It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。
Success depends on whether we make enough effort.
I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.
It depends on whether the letter arrives in time.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。
Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know.
Whether this is true, I can’t say.
Whether he is single, I don’t know.
5. 在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。
We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气）
We discussed whether we should go there by plane.（虚拟语气）
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. （虚拟语气）
6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。
He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work.
注意：doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’t doubt 意为相信，不怀疑，if是否表示疑虑。
单项选择
1．（2023·安徽·校联考一模）—Do you know ________ China set up the new national park
—Yes, I do. To protect wildlife and benefit the local people.
A．when B．how C．why D．where
2．（2022·江西·一模）Shanghai Disney Resort (度假区) announced that Disneyland and Disneytown ________ closed on Monday and Tuesday because of COVID-19.
A．has been B．will be C．would be D．is
3．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考一模）—Excuse me, could you tell me ________ some fruit near here
—Sure. There is a supermarket down the street.
A．where I could buy B．where can I buy C．where I can buy
4．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考三模）—I wonder ________.
—Sorry. I’m not sure about it.
A．if Mike would like to go shopping with me
B．that Mike is free this afternoon
C．whether does Tom have time this afternoon.
5．（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考一模）Tom asked whether ________ after he finished his project.
A．could he go to the cinema
B．he can go to the cinema
C．he could go to the cinema
6．（2022·山东青岛·统考二模）—Excuse me. Do you know ________
—I’m not sure. Maybe she’ll have it in her house next Sunday.
A．why does Sally want to have a party
B．why Sally wants to have a party
C．when will Sally have the party
D．when Sally will have the party
7．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）— I am worried about the coming speech. I don’t even know ________.
— What about singing a song
A．how I can start with B．what I can start with C．how can I start with
8．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市萧红中学校考一模）—Never wast time wondering if you ________ a good future.
—Just work hard. If we keep trying your best to study, we ________ it.
A．have, make B．will have, will make C．have, will make
9．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市萧红中学校考一模）—Could you tell me ________ the party
—The one ________ last Sunday Oh. I really like it very much and I had a good time there.
A．what you think of, was held
B．how you like, held
C．how do you like, that was held
10．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考一模）Do you know _______ at the bus stop
A．whom they are waiting for B．who they are waiting C．whom are they waiting for
11．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考模拟预测）—Jack will have a birthday party tomorrow. Do you know ________
—I’m not sure. Let’s call Cathy and she may know something about it.
A．how can I get there B．what gift he prefers C．where the party was held
12．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考二模）—I wonder if you ________ us for the concert tomorrow.
—If I ________ free, I will go with you.
A．will join, will be B．will join, am C．join, will be
13．（2022·黑龙江绥化·校考模拟预测）I don’t know ________ number of the doctor’s house is.
A．how much B．how many C．what
14．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考二模）—Did your teacher call your mother yesterday
—Yes. He ________.
A．said I must study harder at math.
B．asked if do I sleep too little at night
C．wondered how long I study after getting home
15．（2022·甘肃酒泉·统考一模）—OK, what do you want to know
—I’m not sure ________.
A．which the way is to the village
B．how many colours are there in a rainbow
C．that the couple have been married for a long time
D．what we will do to celebrate the coming Dragon Boat Festival
16．（2022·四川遂宁·校考模拟预测）Mr Jackson hasn’t decided ________ this weekend.
A．where he will have a picnic
B．where will he have a picnic
C．where he had a picnic
D．where did he have a picnic
17．（2022·黑龙江鹤岗·统考模拟预测）—I wonder if Miss Lin ________ back in a week.
—I think she will call us if she ________ back.
A．will come; will come B．comes; will come C．will come; comes
18．（2022·黑龙江鹤岗·统考模拟预测）—Do you know Leo I wonder ________
—He is an actor.
A．what is Leo B．what Leo is C．where Leo is
19．（2022·山西太原·太原五中校考二模）—I always feel nervous when I talk to strangers. I wonder _______.
—There are so many clubs in our school and you can join them.
A．which doctor I should go to for help
B．how I can become more confident
C．whether listening to more tapes is useful
20．（2022·甘肃天水·校联考模拟预测）—I wonder _________.
—Someone who can make me a better person.
A．who do you want to make friends with. B．with who you want to make friends
C．whom you want to make friends with. D．that who you want to make friends with.
完形填空
（2023·安徽·校联考一模）阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Love, joy and the warm feeling of getting together don’t cost a thing. But gifts do cost money. So what’s a poor family to do
Before New Year, I told my mother that the only thing I ____21____ was a pogo stick (弹簧单高跷). However, my mother said they were so expensive that we couldn’t afford one.
On a Saturday before New Year, my family ____22____ together. While my mother and I were picking out the gifts, my dad said, “I’ll be back soon — I need to see something in the tool area.” A little later, he came back with a long box. I remember wondering if there was a pogo stick in it.
When we arrived home, my dad put the box in the garage. While my parents were busy with their chores, I ____23____ walked out to the garage and found the box. I was so ____24____ and I knew as soon as I opened that magical box, my bright, shiny pogo stick would appear. No such ____25____! Inside the box was a silly old broom (扫帚).
That New Year morning, I got some nice gifts ____26____ I didn’t get the present that I really wanted.
After cleaning up the room, my dad went to the garage. When he came back in, he was carrying a beautiful pogo stick. I couldn’t ____27____ it! My parents probably got quite a laugh from the trick they played on ____28____.
Although we didn’t have much ____29____, my parents gave me the most important gift of all: lots of love. That was over 60 years ago and I still think about those ____30____ memories. I will never forget all the joy my parents brought into my life.
21．A．pushed B．opened C．feared D．wanted
22．A．went shopping B．watched TV C．had dinner D．did chores
23．A．clearly B．easily C．quietly D．usually
24．A．worried B．excited C．relaxed D．surprised
25．A．time B．hope C．work D．luck
26．A．and B．or C．but D．so
27．A．believe B．explain C．improve D．promise
28．A．her B．us C．him D．me
29．A．pride B．money C．become D．treat
30．A．convenient B．unbelievable C．wonderful D．meaningless
阅读理解
A
（2022·广东江门·校考一模）
Once Amy said to me, “Travelling alone is a life changing experience.” I travelled alone a lot when I was in my early 20s and I loved it. The experiences of travelling alone really make me more adventurous (有冒险精神的). I think everyone should try at least once in their lives. Now I’m married. I go everywhere with my husband and it’s just not the same. The feeling of being on an adventure has gone. I miss travelling alone.
I then thought of my first solo (单独的) trip to South America. I went to South America and stayed there for six months. I find travelling with other people is not as exciting as travelling alone.I don’t meet adventures with them but I can experience a lot when travelling alone. When travelling by myself, I can choose what I will do next at any time. I can visit a place that I didn’t plan to see before. I can go there without having to agree with anyone first. I try to work out all my problems on my own and I become more independent.
However, there is just one thing that is not so good for me. I always hope that there are good hotels and safe transport routes (路线) in the places I will visit. So every time before I begin my solo trip, I have to make sure the hotel is good and that the transport routes are safe.
31．The writer travelled alone a lot when ________.
A．she was in her early twenties B．she was free
C．she was twenty years old D．she was on business
32．Why does the writer think the feeling of being on an adventure has gone
A．Because she thinks going everywhere with her husband is different.
B．Because she thinks everyone should try travelling alone.
C．Because she likes travelling alone a lot.
D．Because she thinks travelling alone is more difficult than travelling with others.
33．What does the underlined word “independent’ in the second paragraph mean in Chinese
A．独立的 B．自信的 C．自豪的 D．孤独的
34．Where did the writer travel alone for the first time
A．Australia. B．North America. C．South America. D．Austria.
35．What does the writer have to make sure before her solo trip
A．She has to make sure she can choose the routes.
B．She has to make sure of the good hotel and safe transport routes.
C．She has to make sure she can work out all the problems.
D．She has to make sure what she will do next.
B
（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考三模）
Tom 11, was trying to fall asleep when his 8-year-old brother. Mike, came into his room. He looked around, but seemed really out of it. Then Mike went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the light. This was really strange. Tom didn’t know what to do. Just then. Tom’s father appeared and explained Mike was sleepwalking.
Not all sleep is the same every night. We experience some deep, quiet sleep and some active sleep, which is when dreams happen. You might think sleepwalking would happen during active sleep, but a person isn’t physically active during active sleep. It usually happens in the first few hours of sleep in the period called deep sleep.
The truth is that not all sleepwalkers walk. Some simply sit up or stand in bed or act like they’re awake when, in fact, they’re asleep! Most, however, do get up and walk around for a few seconds or for as long as half an hour.
Sleepwalkers’ eyes are open, but they don’t see the same way they do when they’re awake. They tend to go back to bed on their own and won’t remember it in the morning.
You also might have heard that sleepwalkers can get frightened if you wake them up. That’s true, so what do you do if you see someone sleepwalking You should call for a grown-up who can lead the person back to bed. And once the sleepwalker is tucked(掖好被子) back in bed, it’s time for you to get some sleep, too!
根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
36．The underlined world “sleepwalking” in the passage means “________” in Chinese.
A．夜行 B．梦游 C．赶路
37．When does sleepwalking usually happen
A．During active sleep
B．In the first few hours of deep sleep
C．When dreams begin
38．What should we do if we see people sleepwalking
A．Wake them up
B．Walk around with them
C．Ask grown-ups to lead them to bed
39．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．Not all sleepwalkers walk
B．Sleepwalkers can see the same way they do when they’re awake.
C．Sleepwalkers won’t remember what happened during sleep in the morning.
40．Who is the text written for
A．Teachers B．Doctors C．Children
四、短文填空
（2022·黑龙江大庆·校考三模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Travel can teach kids more than a textbook. Travelling with kids is good ___41___ them. They can find new interests. Travel makes information alive for kids, and makes it ___42___ (many) more exciting than studying textbooks or doing experiments in the lab. While traveling, they learn ___43___ to deal with new situations, and communicate with other people. They learn patience, because sometimes ___44___ (they) takes a long time to get to some exciting or interesting places.
I’ve been traveling since I ___45___ (be) seven years old. For me, to stop traveling would be like taking something away from my soul（灵魂）. I can’t live ___46___ traveling and I wouldn’t be who I am if I don’t travel. Some people think it’s hard to travel after having kids. But in my opinion, when people become parents, it doesn’t mean they couldn’t travel any more. My children have been traveling since they were three weeks old.
___47___ (bring) a new life into the world comes with many responsibilities (责任) and I’d love to be a good mother. One of my ___48___ (duty) is to educate my children. I’m so ___49___ (thank) that my parents took me on family trips when I was young. I’ve learned that the outside world is more colorful than the little one I was living in. Of course, I want to pass these travel ____50____ (experience) on to my children.
I value the memories I have traveling with my children. I’m sure they will always remember them in their lives.
补全对话
（2023·陕西西安·校考一模）
根据下面对话中的情景，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。
A: Hello, Paul. Have you been to the new bookstore near our school
B: ________51________. I went last week and bought the book The Gay Genius.
A: ________52________
B: Lin Yutang. Have you heard of him
A: Of course. ________53________
B: Not yet. But I will finish it in two days.
A: What do you think of the book
B: ________54________. The writer wrote about Su Dongpo’s experiences and works humorously.
A: Sounds good! ________55________
B: Of course. I’ll bring it to you as soon as I finish reading it.
参考答案：
1．C
【详解】句意：——你知道中国为什么要建立新的国家公园吗？——是的，我知道。为了保护野生动物，造福当地人民。
考查宾语从句连接词。when什么时候；how如何；why为什么；where在哪里。根据“To protect wildlife and benefit the local people.”可知问建立新的国家公园的原因，用why引导宾语从句。故选C。
2．C
【详解】句意：上海迪士尼度假区宣布，由于新冠肺炎疫情，迪士尼乐园和迪士尼小镇在周一和周二将被关闭。
考查被动语态。根据“Shanghai Disney Resort announced that Disneyland and Disneytown...closed on Monday and Tuesday because of COVID-19.”可知，迪士尼在周一周二将被关闭，主句为一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态，根据句意，用过去将来时的被动语态，用“would+be+过去分词”形式。故选C。
3．C
【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我在哪里可以买到一些水果吗？——当然，沿着这条街有一家超市。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，选项B是疑问语序，故排除；题干中的could是一种语气，这里用一般现在时。故选C。
4．A
【详解】句意：我想知道迈克是否愿意和我一起去购物。
考查宾语从句。根据“I wonder”并结合选项可知，空格处为宾语从句，此时从句应为陈述句语序，故排除选项C。根据“wonder”和“I’m not sure about it”可知，从句引导词应用if，表示“是否”。故选A。
5．C
【详解】句意：汤姆问他完成项目后是否可以去电影院。
考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，whether引导的是宾语从句，应用陈述语序，排除A；主句“Tom asked”为一般过去时，从句也要用过去时态。故选C。
6．D
【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你知道莎莉将在什么时候举行聚会吗？——我不确定，也许下星期日她将会在家里举行。
考查宾语从句。根据“Do you know…”可知空处是宾语从句，宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，选项A、C是疑问语序，排除选项A和C；再根据“Maybe she’ll have it in her house next Sunday”，可知这里表示的是时间，排除选项B，故选D。
7．B
【详解】句意：—— 我担心即将到来的演讲。我都不知道该从哪开始。—— 唱首歌怎么样？
考查宾语从句。空格处是宾语从句，应为陈述语序，所以排除选项C；how不能作宾语，此处用what作start with的宾语，所以用what引导的宾语从句。故选B。
8．B
【详解】句意：——不要浪费时间思考你是否会有一个美好的未来。——努力工作。如果我们继续努力学习，我们会成功的。
考查时态。第一处是if引导的宾语从句，时态是一般将来时，排除AC；第二处是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时。故选B。
9．B
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你觉得派对怎么样吗？——上周日举办的那个吗？哦。我真得很喜欢且我在那里度过了愉快的时光。
考查宾语从句和非谓语。第一个空“tell me”后面加宾语从句，要用陈述句语序，排除C；第二个空用过去分词held作后置定语修饰“the one”，相当于定语从句“the one that was held last Sunday”，故选B。
10．A
【详解】句意：你知道他们在公共汽车站等谁吗？
考查宾语从句的用法。根据“Do you know…at the bus stop ”可知，首先这是一个宾语从句，从句部分疑问句也是用陈述语气的，所以排除C，其次，waiting for 后接宾语whom，所以排除B。故选A。
11．B
【详解】句意：——Jack明天将有一个生日聚会。你知道他更喜欢什么礼物吗？——我不知道。让我们给Cathy打电话吧，她可能知道相关的一些情况。
考查宾语从句的时态和语序。根据“Do you know”可知，此处为宾语从句，宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序，结合“Let’s call Cathy and she may know something about it.”可知，此处应问的是“喜欢什么”，应用what引导宾语从句，故选B。
12．B
【详解】句意：——我想知道你明天是否会和我们一起去音乐会。——如果我有空，我会和你们一起去。
考查动词的时态。第一句是if引导的宾语从句，根据“wonder”可知，句子时态应遵循“主现从不限”的原则，根据时间状语“tomorrow”可知，从句用一般将来时，应填will join；第二句是if引导的条件状语从句，主句是一般将来时，句子要遵循“主将从现”的原则，因此应填am。故选B。
13．C
【详解】句意：我不知道医生的房间号。
考查宾语从句引导词。how much多少；how many多少；what什么。分析题干可知，是不知道医生的房间号是什么，应用what。故选C。
14．A
【详解】句意：——你的老师昨天给你妈妈打电话了吗？——是的，他说我必须更加努力地学习数学。
考查宾语从句。选项B“asked if do I sleep too little at night”助动词放在主语“I”前，语序有误；选项C“wondered how long I study after getting home”时态有误，“study”应为一般过去时，故选A。
15．D
【详解】句意：——好的，你想知道什么？——我不确定我们将做什么来庆祝即将到来的端午节。
考查宾语从句。此处缺少宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AB；根据“I’m not sure”可知此处不用that引导从句，排除C；D项表示“我们要做什么来庆祝即将到来的端午节”，作从句最合适。故选D。
16．A
【详解】句意：杰克逊先生还没有决定这个周末去哪儿野餐。
考查宾语从句。“Mr Jackson hasn’t decided”后面是跟一个宾语从句，宾语从句中应该用陈述语序，排除B和D。再根据“this weekend”可知，这是一个将来的时间，所以句子使用一般将来时， 由will+动词原形构成。故选A。
17．C
【详解】句意：——我不知道林小姐一周后是否会回来。——我认为如果她回来，她会给我们打电话。
考查时态。第一句中if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句，结合“in a week”可知，从句用一般将来时will do的结构。第二句中if表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主语she是第三人称单数形式，动词用三单，故选C。
18．B
【详解】句意：——你认识Leo吗？我想知道Leo是干什么的？——他是一名演员。
考查宾语从句。根据“I wonder ... ”可知，此句为宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序，排除A；根据“He is an actor.”可知，此处是在询问职业，应该用what引导宾语从句。故选B。
19．B
【详解】——每次和陌生人讲话时，我总是感到紧张。我想知道如何变得更有信心。——我们学校有这么多俱乐部，你可以加入。
考查宾语从句。根据观察和分析可知，题干包含宾语从句。选项A询问的是应该向哪个医生寻求帮助；选项B询问的是如何变得更自信；选项C询问的是听更多的磁带是否有用。根据“There are so many clubs in our school and you can join them.”可知，这里在询问使他变得更自信的方法。故选B。
20．C
【详解】句意：——我想知道你想和谁交朋友。——一个能让我变得更好的人。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序用陈述语序，A是疑问句语序，排除A；选项B中，with是介词，“who”应用宾格，排除B；特殊疑问句作宾语，应用特殊疑问词引导，不用that，选项D错误；“谁”作宾语从句作宾语，作介词with的宾语，可以用“whom或who”引导此宾语从句，选项C符合题意，故选C。
21．D 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．D 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．B 30．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在新年期间收到了自己心仪的礼物，作者永不会忘记父母无条件的爱带来的美好回忆。
21．句意：新年前，我告诉妈妈我唯一想要的就是弹簧单高跷。
pushed推；opened打开；feared害怕；wanted想要。根据“I didn’t get the present that I really wanted”可知是想要的东西。故选D。
22．句意：在新年前的一个星期六，我的家人一起去购物。
went shopping去购物；watched TV看电视；had dinner吃饭；did chores做家务。根据“While my mother and I were picking out the gifts”可知是去购物了。故选A。
23．句意：我悄悄地走到车库，找到了盒子。
clearly清楚地；easily容易地；quietly安静地；usually通常。根据“While my parents were busy with their chores”可知作者趁着父母忙，悄悄去看那个盒子。故选C。
24．句意：我太兴奋了，我知道一旦我打开那个神奇的盒子，我明亮闪亮的弹簧单高跷就会出现。
worried担心的；excited兴奋的；relaxed轻松的；surprised惊讶的。根据“I knew as soon as I opened that magical box, my bright, shiny pogo stick would appear.”可知作者以为一打开盒子就能看到弹簧单高跷，由此可推出心情是兴奋的。故选B。
25．句意：没那份运气！
time时间；hope希望；work工作；luck幸运。根据“Inside the box was a silly old broom.”可知盒子里不是想要的东西，应是感叹没那个运气。故选D。
26．句意：新年的早晨，我得到了一些漂亮的礼物，但我没有得到我真正想要的礼物。
and和；or否则；but但是；so因此。收到一些礼物，却没有真正想要的，句意出现转折，用but表转折。故选C。
27．句意：我简直不敢相信！
believe相信；explain解释；improve提高；promise成虐。根据“he was carrying a beautiful pogo stick”可知作者以为得不到想要的礼物，但爸爸却买了，作者不敢相信。故选A。
28．句意：我的父母可能被他们对我的恶作剧逗乐了。
her她；us我们；him他；me我。作者一开始在盒子里看到的是一把旧扫帚，以为得不到想要的礼物，结果爸爸却给他了，这是对“我”的恶作剧。故选D。
29．句意：虽然我们没有很多钱，我的父母给了我最重要的礼物：很多爱。
pride骄傲；money金钱；become成为；treat款待。根据“However, my mother said they were so expensive that we couldn’t afford one.”可知作者家没有很多钱。故选B。
30．句意：那已经是60多年前的事了，我至今还在回忆那些精彩的回忆。
convenient方便的；unbelievable难以置信的；wonderful精彩的；meaningless无意义的。根据“I will never forget all the joy my parents brought into my life.”可知父母带给作者的是欢乐，属于精彩的回忆。故选C。
31．A 32．A 33．A 34．C 35．B
【导语】本文介绍了作者喜欢独自冒险旅行，独自旅行对她而言有很多好处，她能参观事先没有计划的地方，想做什么不用要别人的同意，通过自己解决问题变得更独立，但是每次独自旅行之前都要确定好酒店不错和安全的路线。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段“I travelled alone a lot when I was in my early 20s and I loved it.”可知，作者在20岁出头时，独自旅行较多。故选A。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段“I go everywhere with my husband and it’s just not the same. The feeling of being on an adventure has gone.”可知，作者去哪儿都和丈夫一起，这与独自旅行不同，独自旅行时的那种冒险的感觉已经消失了。故选A。
33．词句猜测题。根据第三段“I try to work out all my problems on my own ...”可知，作者独自旅行时，总是试着自己解决所有的问题，这让她变得更加独立；因此“independent”的含义为“独立的”。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段“I then thought of my first solo (单独的) trip to South America.”可知，第一次独自旅行去的是南美。故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I have to make sure the hotel is good and that the transport routes are safe.”可知，她得确保酒店不错，交通路线也安全。故选B。
36．B 37．B 38．C 39．B 40．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了梦游的相关信息，以及告诉我们梦游者的情况。
36．词意猜测题。根据第一段的“Mike, came into his room. He looked around, but seemed really out of it. Then Mike went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the light. This was really strange. ”可知，迈克走进房间并四处看，可似乎是出神的，迈克走进走廊站在那里直直地看着灯，这很奇怪。根据以上描述可知道，这是在梦游。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段的末尾的“It usually happens in the first few hours of sleep in the period called deep sleep.”可知，这经常在深睡眠地前几个小时发生。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“You should call for a grown-up who can lead the person back to bed. ”可知应该打电话叫一个可以带领梦游者回到床上睡觉的成年人。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Sleepwalkers’ eyes are open, but they don’t see the same way they do when they’re awake.”可知梦游者的眼睛虽然睁开，但是不像他们清醒时候看东西那样。选项B不符合。故选B。
40．推理判断题。文章开头以两个小孩子地睡眠情况引入，接着介绍了梦游以及梦游者的情况，也告知读者应该如何做，需要给成年人打电话，由此可推知此文面向的读者为孩子。故选C。
41．for 42．much 43．how 44．it 45．was 46．without 47．Bringing 48．duties 49．thankful 50．experiences
【导语】本文讲述了旅游对于孩子们的好处。提倡要多带孩子们出去看看外面的世界。
41．句意：带孩子旅行，对孩子们来说是非常有好处的。根据“Travel can teach kids more than a textbook”可知，旅行对孩子是有好处的。固定搭配be good for sb“对某人是有好处的”，故填for。
42．句意：对孩子们来说，旅行让信息变得鲜活，比学习课本或在实验室里做实验更令人兴奋。此空修饰形容词比较级more exciting，应填副词much，故填much。
43．句意：当旅行的时候，他们能学会如何处理新情况，及如何跟其他人交流。根据“to deal with new situations”可知，空格处表示“如何去处理新情况”，故填how。
44．句意：他们学会了忍耐，因为有时要花很长时间才能到达一些令人兴奋或有趣的地方。固定句式It takes+一段时间+to do sth“花费时间做某事”，动词不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语，故填it。
45．句意：我从七岁就开始旅行了。since+一般过去时的句子，主句用现在完成时结构，根据I可知，be动词用was，故填was。
46．句意：我不能没有旅行，如果我不旅行，我就不是我。根据“I wouldn’t be who I am if I don’t travel”可知，不能没有旅行，without“没有”，故填without。
47．句意：把一个新生命带到这个世界上伴随着许多责任，我想成为一个好母亲。此空在句中作主语，应填动名词，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写，故填Bringing。
48．句意：我的职责之一是教育我的孩子。one of+复数名词，表示“……之一”，此空应填复数名词，故填duties。
49．句意;我非常感谢我的父母在我小时候带我去家庭旅行。be动词am后接形容词作表语，thankful“感谢的”，故填thankful。
50．句意：当然，我想把我的这些旅游经历传递给我的孩子们。空格前these是复数指示代词，后跟名词复数。故填experiences。
51．Yes, I have 52．Who wrote it 53．Have you finished reading it 54．It’s very interesting 55．Could you lend it to me
【导语】本文主要谈论了Paul在书店买的林语堂的书。
51．根据“I went last week and bought the book The Gay Genius”可知此处作肯定回答。故填Yes, I have。
52．根据“Lin Yutang”可知此处询问谁写的这本书。故填Who wrote it。
53．根据“Not yet. But I will finish it in two days”可知此处询问对方是否读完这本书，且句子用现在完成时。故填Have you finished reading it。
54．根据“The writer wrote about Su Dongpo’s experiences and works humorously”可知此处对这本书进行积极评价，例如：这本书很有趣。故填It’s very interesting。
55．根据“Of course. I’ll bring it to you as soon as I finish reading it”可知此处询问能不能借这本书。故填Could you lend it to me。
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