中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【2023赢在中考】-中考英语二轮专题解读与强化训练学案
专题01 名词
名词
一、名词词义辨析；
二、名词的数；
三、名词所有格。
考向一：名词的分类
分类 说明 例句
普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 表示人或事物的个体名称 city城市，panda熊猫，chair椅子，hospital医院，nurse护士
集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物的总称 public公众，people人们，class班级，family家庭，police警察
不可数名词 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名称 rice大米，snow雪，steel钢铁，cotton棉花，corn玉米，air空气
抽象名词 表示行为、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词 courage勇气，determination决心，satisfaction满意，happiness幸福，success成功，love热爱
专有名词 表示人名、地名、国名 London伦敦，Tom汤姆，the Great Wall长城，Asia亚洲
表示书名、电影名、各种标语 Spider Man 《蜘蛛侠》
表示机构、组织、团体 UNESCO联合国教科文组织Beijing University北京大学
表示月份、星期、节日 Monday星期一，National day国庆节
【知识拓展】
集体名词的分类
1. 本身是复数，如，cattle牛群，people人们，police警察。
2. 本身单复数均可表示，如audience观众，class班级，club俱乐部，committee委员会，company公司，crew船员，enemy敌人，family家庭，government政府，group组，team队（当这一类词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于其表示的具体含义，如果作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指的是具体成员，则谓语动词用复数形式）
The family is the basic unit of society. 家庭是构成社会的基本单位。
My family are going on a trip this summer. 我们全家今年夏天要外出旅游。
（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）The ________ is China’s national treasure. It’s a kind of cute animal that likes eating bamboo.
A．panda B．tiger C．elephant
【答案】A
【详解】句意：熊猫是中国的国宝。它是一种喜欢吃竹子的可爱动物。考查名词辨析。panda熊猫；tiger老虎；elephant大象。根据“China’s national treasure”和“It’s a kind of cute animal that likes eating bamboo.”可知，此处指熊猫。故选A。
考向二：名词的句法功能
序号 功能 例句
1 作主语 Newspapers are useful. 报纸有用。
2 作宾语 Have you received my letter 你收到我的信了吗？（作动词的宾语）The books are on the desk. 书在桌子上。（作介词的宾语）
3 作表语 Time is money. 时间就是金钱。
4 作补足语 We made him manager of the company. 我们选他当公司的经理。This kind of flower is called carnation. 这种花叫康乃馨。（作主语）
5 作同位语 You students go first. 你们学生先走。
6 作状语 We’ll meet next Sunday. 我们下周日见。
7 作定语 I am an English teacher. 我是一位英语老师。
1. 名词作定语一般用其单数形式。
a paper bag纸袋，a shoe shop鞋店，a football fan球迷
2. 有些常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时用复数形式。
a clothes shop服装店，a glasses store眼镜店，a goods train货运列车
3. 数词加名词构成的形容词（中间有连字符）作定语时，名词常使用单数形式。
a five-year-old boy 一个三岁的男孩，a 500-metre-long rope 一条五百米的绳子
所有格作定语和名词直接作定语的区别：名词所有格作定语时，表示的是所有关系，即归谁所有。
Tom’s books 汤姆的书（汤姆和书之间是所属关系，即书是汤姆的）。
而名词直接作定语时，与被修饰的名词之间没有所属关系，如：shoe shop鞋店（鞋与商店之间没有所属关系）。再如woman driver女司机，the women’s driver 这些女士的司机；girl friend女朋友，the girl’s friend这个女孩的朋友。
（2022·广西桂林·中考真题）Bill has got two ________.
A．sister B．brothers C．student
【答案】B
【详解】句意：比尔有两个兄弟。考查名词复数。sister姐妹；brothers兄弟们；student学生。two修饰可数名词复数，故选B。
考向三：名词的数
可数名词有单、复数形式。
（一）名词复数形式的规则变化
1. 一般在名词的结尾加-s，在清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音和元音后后读/z/。
exercise→exercises desk→desks
2. 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加-es，读/Iz/。
watch→watches box→boxes
3. 以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾的词，把y变i，再加-es。
factory→factories lady→ladies
4. 以f 或fe结尾的词，一般把f 或fe 改为v，加-es。
wolf→wolves knife→knives
5. 以o结尾的可数名词，有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s。
potato→potatoes piano→pianos
1. 注意以下名词的复数形式是在词尾加-s。
American→Americans 美国人 Australian→Australians 澳大利亚人 Canadian→Canadians 加拿大人German→Germans 德国人 Greek→Greeks 希腊人 Indian→Indians 印度人
Russian→Russians 俄罗斯人
2. 有些名词表面为复数形式，实为单数。
math数学，news新闻，physics物理，politics政治，the United Nations 联合国，the United States美国
【知识拓展】
1. 以o结尾的名词，需加-es的名词有：negro（黑人），hero（英雄），tomato（西红柿），potato（土豆）。可结合顺口溜来记忆这些单词，即＂黑人英雄 西红柿和土豆＂。
2. 以f或fe结尾的名词，须把f或fe变为v，再加-es的名词有：calf（小牛，牛犊），half（一半），knife（小刀），leaf（叶子），life（生活，生命），loaf（长面包），self（自己），shelf（架子），thief（小偷），wife（妻子），wolf（狼）。可结合顺口溜来记忆，即＂妻已架刀命牛郎（狼），半夜（叶）偷包要提防＂（单词顺序为wife，self，shelf，knife，life，calf，wolf，half，leaf，thief，loaf）
3. 以ch结尾的名词：ch发音为/k/的名词，其复数形式直接在词尾加-s，如：stomach→stomachs胃
（二）名词复数的不规则变化
1. 单复数同形
Chinese→Chinese sheep→sheep Japanese→Japanese
2. 改变元音字母
man→men woman→women foot→feet tooth→teeth policewoman→policewomen
3. 只有复数形式的名词
trousers scissors pants glasses shoes
4. 其他变化
mouse→mice child→children
【易错警示】
1. fish表示鱼的种类时，复数形式为fishes，而fish表示鱼的条数时，复数形式仍为fish。如：
different fishes不同种类的鱼 five fish五条鱼
2. works意为＂工厂＂时，单复数形式一样，而work意为＂著作，作品＂时，复数形式是works。如：
a chemical works 一座化工厂 three chemical works 三座化工厂
a work by Mo Yan 一部莫言的作品 three works by Mo Yan 三部莫言的作品
（三）不可数名词
一般情况下，专有名词、物质名称、抽象名词为不可数名词。不可数名词一般没有复数形式，但有些名词在不同的语境下有不同的含义，从而也表现出可数与不可数性。
1. 常见的不可数名词
不能用具体的数字来表示。
cotton棉花，food食物，hair头发，health健康，ice冰，wind风
2. 可转化为可数名词的物资名称
（1）有些物质名词在表达个体概念时，是可数名词。
rain雨→a rain一场雨，wind风→a wind一阵风，beer啤酒→a beer一杯啤酒，paper纸→a paper一份论文
（2）有些物质名词的复数形式表示特殊含义。
Water水→waters海域，wood木头→woods森林，custom习惯→customs海关
3. 可转化为可数名词的抽象名词
抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时，被视为可数名词，可与不定冠词连用，也可有复数形式，表示＂某种人或事＂。
disappointment失望→a disappointment令人失望的事，experience经验→an experience 一次经历，
success成功→a success成功的人或事
4. 可转化为可数名词的专有名词
有的专有名词也可以用作可数名词，可以由不定冠词修饰，也可有复数形式。
A Mr Black is waiting for you. 一个叫布莱克的先生在等你。
（2022·山东东营·中考真题）The Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve (黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区) is the ________ of more than six million birds.
A．area B．home C．house D．family
【答案】B
【详解】句意：黄河三角洲国家自然保护区是600多万只鸟类的家园。
考查名词辨析。area地区；home家，侧重生长的环境；house房子；family家庭，侧重家庭成员。根据语境及事实可知，黄河三角洲国家自然保护区内有大量的鸟，因此是鸟类的天堂或家园，故选B。
考向四： 名词所有格
名词所有格通常是用来表示一个名词和另一个名词之间的所属关系。
（一）构成
类别 构成方法 举例
单数名词 在词尾直接加’s Jim’s room 吉姆的房间
词尾已有-s的复数名词 在词尾只加’ Students’ rooms 学生们的房间
词尾不带-s的复数名词 在词尾直接加’s Children’s Day 儿童节
表示两者或两者以上共有的所属关系 在最后一个词的词尾加’s Jane and Mary’s room 简和玛丽的房间（指两个人共用一个房间）
表示两者或两者以上各自的所属关系 在每个词的词尾加’s Jane’s and Mary’s rooms 简和玛丽各自的房间（指分别所有）
表示某人的家、店铺、办公室等 在词尾加’s，省略其后名词 at my uncle’s 在我叔叔家
（2）of 所有格
无生命的名词的所属关系一般要用介词of短语来构成。如a map of China，at the end of this term。但表时间、距离、世界、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词直接在词尾加-’s或-’。
five minutes’ walk
（3）双重所有格
表示所属物的名词前有冠词（a/an），数词（one，two...），不定代词（some，all，any...），物主代词（my，your...），指示代词（this，that...时，常用＂of +’s所有格＂形式，即双重所有格来表示所属关系。
a photo of my sister’s 我妹妹的一张照片 this book of my classmate’s 我同学的这本书
（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）________ father is a pilot. He has been to many countries around the world.
A．Tony and Peter’s B．Tony’s and Peter C．Tony’s and Peter’s
【答案】A
【详解】句意：托尼和彼得的爸爸是飞行员。他去过世界上许多国家。考查名词所有格。根据“father”可知，此处指两个人共有的爸爸，在后一个人名后加’s，故选A。
一、单项选择
1．（2022·湖南湘西·统考中考真题）I’m not hungry at all because I just ate much ________.
A．apples B．bananas C．bread
2．（2022·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—How did you put together the model plane so perfectly
—It's easy. I just followed the ________．
A．instructions B．instruments
C．interviews D．inventions
3．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）This year, the family went camping on ________ Day, June 1st.
A．Child B．Child’s C．Children D．Children’s
4．（2022·甘肃定西·统考中考真题）The ________ rang and Pat answered it. It was his son calling from New York.
A．telephone B．doorbell C．clock D．bike
5．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）With the introduction of the “double reduction” policy (双减政策), one of the ________ ________ that the students have less homework.
A．changes; is B．change; is C．changes; are
6．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）________ father is a pilot. He has been to many countries around the world.
A．Tony and Peter’s B．Tony’s and Peter C．Tony’s and Peter’s
7．（2022·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）From my ________ on the top of the TV tower, I can have a perfect view of our city.
A．tradition B．condition C．position D．situation
8．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—There will be ________ tomorrow. We can’t eat out.
—Well, we have to stay at home.
A．rainy B．rain C．raining
9．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）The ________ is China’s national treasure. It’s a kind of cute animal that likes eating bamboo.
A．panda B．tiger C．elephant
10．（2022·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）— Would you like some ________
— Yes, madam.
A．egg B．juice C．milk teas
11．（2022·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）Look! There are some ________ eating grass on the hill.
A．sheep B．cow C．horse
12．（2022·广西桂林·统考中考真题）Bill has got two ________.
A．sister B．brothers C．student
13．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）More and more ________ want to learn about Chinese culture.
A．Germans B．German C．Germany D．Germans’
14．（2021·西藏·统考中考真题）All ________ received fresh flowers on Women’s Day.
A．woman teacher B．woman teachers C．women teachers D．women teacher
15．（2021·山东青岛·统考中考真题）Traditional Chinese Medicine is a great ________ for our nation.
A．treasure B．resolution C．pleasure D．standard
16．（2021·内蒙古·统考中考真题）In a conversation between two persons, 65% of ________ is done through body language.
A．information B．pronunciation C．introduction D．communication
17．（2021·青海西宁·统考中考真题）—What a clean and tidy room!
—Yes. It’s ________ room.
A．Tina and Nina’s B．Tina’s and Nina
C．Tina and Nina D．Tina’s and Nina’s
18．（2021·广西河池·统考中考真题）—Lisa, could you help me buy some ________ on your way home
—Ok, mom.
A．egg B．beef C．banana D．potato
19．（2021·四川广元·统考中考真题）Three fifths of the teachers in our school are ________.
A．man teachers B．men teachers C．woman teachers D．women teacher
20．（2021·黑龙江大庆·统考中考真题）—Can I help you
—Please give me ________ about the trains to Daqing.
A．a few informations B．a little informations C．a little information D．a few information
21．（2021·广西百色·统考中考真题）Uncle Li has a farm, there are some________ on the farm.
A．chicken and sheep B．chickens and sheeps
C．chickens and sheep D．chicken and sheeps
22．（2021·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—You have a nice house! Whose room is this
— It’s ________.
A．Jack and Peter’s B．Jack’s and Peter’s C．Jack’s and Peter D．Jack and Peter
23．（2021·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）The pink hair band must belong to ________.
A．Linda’s B．Linda C．hers
24．（2021·山东东营·统考中考真题）—I'm sad to hear that Yuan Longping passed away.
—So am I. We lost a hero. His _______ on hybrid（杂交）rice helped Chinese people solve the problem of eating.
A．surveys B．reports C．researches D．achievements
25．（2021·贵州贵阳·统考中考真题）The movie named A Little Red Flower shows _________ love for their children.
A．parents B．parent’s C．parents’
二、完形填空
（2022·湖北荆门·统考中考真题）My mother had a great influence on my life. When I was a child, she always told me, “Sharing ___26___ is a simple act. You don’t have to do much to make others happy.” I didn’t fully understand it until my friend Helen told me about her amazing trip to a small town called Gary. Then, I ___27___ to go there, too.
However, my parents didn’t ___28___ at first when knowing my plan. They said I didn’t know much about the place. They worried about my ___29___ there. After I explained my plan to them in detail(详细地), they ___30___ said yes.
After arriving in Gary, I ___31___ the town was so different from where I lived. There were few stores or restaurants in the town, so you would be ___32___ enough to find a place to buy food or drinks. Houses were built on small hills and ___33___ of them had broken doors or windows. My job was to help the local people to ___34___ their houses. The workdays were long and hot, ___35___ it was really good to see the houses taking on a new look day by day.
The kids there were also different. They seemed to enjoy every moment in life though they were poor. The small things could make them ___36___. I couldn’t find words to describe their joy when they received an ice cream, a ball or ___37___ a hug(拥抱). The community was like a big family. Everyone knew each other and was ready to _____38_____ help.
What a wonderful ___39___ I had in Gary! I truly learned the ___40___ of what my mother said. You don’t need to do much to make a difference to others’ lives.
26．A．love B．success C．interest D．pain
27．A．had a look B．made a decision C．played a part D．made a mess
28．A．mind B．compare C．agree D．repeat
29．A．difficulty B．safety C．traffic D．influence
30．A．finally B．badly C．suddenly D．recently
31．A．doubted B．checked C．discovered D．imagined
32．A．dangerous B．crazy C．brave D．lucky
33．A．much B．many C．few D．none
34．A．sell B．choose C．share D．repair
35．A．unless B．though C．but D．since
36．A．upset B．polite C．excited D．bored
37．A．even B．also C．ever D．still
38．A．accept B．avoid C．refuse D．offer
39．A．experiment B．competition C．experience D．conversation
40．A．ability B．meaning C．reason D．skill
三、阅读理解
A
（2022·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）As the important document called “double reduction” (双减) policy was carried out by the Chinese government on July 24, 2021. Some parents worry that the policy (政策) will lead to worse grades because students will have less time to study and get less help from after-school training classes. However, most of students support the policy. Here are their ideas.
Zhang Wei,14, Sichuan It really helps me. Our homework is less than before. I can finish it at school. I’m also happy to find that there are fewer exams.
Yang Xue,13, Shanghai The best thing about the “double reduction” is that we have more time to do after-school activities, such as dancing, volleyball and cooking.
Li Xing,14, Chongqing I have got more time to read books and play sports. All the students have less learning stress now and we can enjoy happy weekends with friends.
What do most parents think of the “double reduction” policy
A．They feel worried. B．They feel angry. C．They feel happy.
42．Where is Yang Xue from
A．Sichuan. B．Shanghai. C．Chongqing.
43．How many students are mentioned in the passage
A．Two. B．Four. C．Three.
44．According to the passage, which statement is TRUE
A．Zhang Wei can’t finish his homework at school.
B．Yang Xue has more time to do after-school activities.
C．Li Xing is 13 years old.
45．What’s this passage about
A．Hobbies.
B．After-school activities.
C．Changes in students’ life after the “double reduction”.
B
（2022·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
A new study found that lots of kids hate school. Usually this kind of feeling doesn’t last long. But what will happen if you feel this way too much School is a fact of life and getting a good education can help you build the kind of future life you want. So let’s talk about school and what to do when you don’t like it.
If you don’t like school, the first step is to find out why. You might not like school because you don’t have enough friends, or maybe you are not good with your teachers. Sometimes there’s a big problem with your schoolwork. Too many subjects and too much homework make you worried. You may be getting farther and farther behind, and it may seem like you’ll never catch up.
When you know why you don’t like school, you can start taking steps to make things better. It’s a good idea to talk to someone about your problems with school. Remember, your mum, dad or teachers can always help you. Another good idea is to write down your feelings about school in a notebook. It’s a great way to let out emotions（情绪）. Remember, you don’t have to share what you’ve written with others.
46．From the first paragraph, we can know ________.
A．all the students hate school
B．there are some ways to help these students who hate school
C．if a student hates school, he will never like it
47．According to the passage, who can help the students when they have problems with school
A．Their friends. B．Their teachers. C．Their classmates.
48．What do the underlined words “catch up” mean
A．弥补 B．赶上 C．纠缠
49．What does the writer’s opinion on getting a good education
A．It can help students make more friends.
B．It can make the parents happy.
C．It can help students build the kind of future life they want.
50．If students hate school, what can they do to solve the problem
A．Write down their feelings.
B．Share what they’ve written with others.
C．Keep the problem to themselves.
四、语法填空
（2022·湖北荆门·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（不超过3个单词）。
During the Dragon Boat Festival last year, ___51___ traditional Chinese dance which was performed underwater on Henan TV, went popular around the world.
The dance is named the Rhapsody on the Luo River Goddess(《洛神水赋》). The goddess of Luo River ___52___ (play) by He Haohao in the show. Most people got to know the goddess in Cao Zhi’s poetry. “Her body soars lightly like a startled swan. Gracefully, like a dragon in flight,” Cao wrote.
The dance is less than two minutes, but it took He Haohao and her team about 26 hours underwater to make the video. “Each time, I would hold my breath(呼吸) for 50 seconds ___53___ (do) a part of the dance,” He Haohao said. She was once a synchronized swimmer.
Although it was hard to finish the dance, He Haohao felt really happy ___54___ she knew people loved the dance very much. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying also shared the video online. In many people’s opinion, the dance underwater was much ___55___ (beautiful) than any dance they had enjoyed before.
It’s the Chinese culture of 5,000 years that makes the dance special and famous around the world.
参考答案：
1．C
【详解】句意：我一点儿也不饿因为我刚吃了许多面包。
考查名词辨析。apples苹果，可数名词复数；bananas香蕉，可数名词复数；bread面包，不可数名词。根据“much”可知此处用不可数名词。故选C。
2．A
【详解】句意：－你怎样把那航空模型拼得那么完美？－容易，我就是按照说明做的。A. instructions说明；B. instruments乐器；C. interviews采访；D. inventions发明。按照说明拼接。故选A。
3．D
【详解】句意：今年，全家在6月1日儿童节去露营。
考查名词所有格。由语境可知，此处指“儿童节”，英文表达为“Children’s Day”。故选D。
4．A
【详解】句意：电话铃响了，帕特接了电话。是他儿子从纽约打来的。
考查名词辨析。telephone电话；doorbell门铃；clock时钟；bike自行车。结合语境和下一句“It was his son calling from New York.”可知帕特的儿子从纽约打电话来，所以应该是电话铃声响了。故选A。
5．A
【详解】句意：随着“双减”政策的出台，其中一个变化就是学生的作业变少了。
考查名词复数和主谓一致。one of+名词复数，排除B；one of加名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选A。
6．A
【详解】句意：托尼和彼得的爸爸是飞行员。他去过世界上许多国家。
考查名词所有格。根据“father”可知，此处指两个人共有的爸爸，在后一个人名后加’s，故选A。
7．C
【详解】句意：从我在电视塔顶部的位置，我可以完美地看到我们的城市。
考查名词辨析。tradition传统；condition条件；position位置；situation形式，情况。根据“on the top of the TV tower,”可知，此处是要表示一个位置。故选C。
8．B
【详解】句意：——明天会下雨。我们不能在外面吃饭。——嗯，我们必须呆在家里。
考查there be用法。rainy下雨的；rain下雨，雨水；raining动名词形式。此处是there be句型，空处填的应是名词，rain符合语境，故选B。
9．A
【详解】句意：熊猫是中国的国宝。它是一种喜欢吃竹子的可爱动物。
考查名词辨析。panda熊猫；tiger老虎；elephant大象。根据“China’s national treasure”和“It’s a kind of cute animal that likes eating bamboo.”可知，此处指熊猫。故选A。
10．B
【详解】句意：——你想要些果汁吗？——是的，夫人。
考查名词辨析。egg鸡蛋；juice果汁；milk teas错误表达，奶茶是不可数名词，不可以加s。some修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，只有B选项符合，故选B。
11．A
【详解】句意：看！有一些绵羊在山上吃草。
考查名词辨析。sheep绵羊；cow奶牛；horse马。根据“some”可知其后用可数名词复数，sheep单复数同形，其他选项均为单数。故选A。
12．B
【详解】句意：比尔有两个兄弟。
考查名词复数。sister姐妹；brothers兄弟们；student学生。two修饰可数名词复数，故选B。
13．A
【详解】句意：越来越多的德国人想了解中国文化。
考查词义辨析和名词复数。Germans德国人，名词复数；German德国人，名词单数；Germany德国；Germans’表述错误。“More and more”修饰可数名词复数，指人想了解中国文化。故选A。
14．C
【详解】句意：所有的女老师们都在妇女节这一天收到了鲜花。
考查复合名词复数的用法。“女教师”由woman teacher来表示，而由句中的“女教师们”可知这里应用复合名词的复数形式，其变化规则为两个名词都应变成其复数形式，为women teachers。故选C。
15．A
【详解】句意：中国传统医学是我们民族的伟大财富。
考查名词辨析。treasure财富；resolution决议；pleasure快乐；standard标准。根据“Traditional Chinese Medicine”可知，中国传统医学是巨大的财富，结合选项，treasure符合句意。故选A。
16．D
【详解】句意：在两个人的对话中，65%的交流是通过肢体语言进行的。
考查名词辨析。information信息；pronunciation发音；introduction介绍；communication交流；根据“In a conversation between two persons”以及“through body language”可知，此处指的是“交流”中65%是肢体语言，故选D。
17．A
【详解】句意：——多干净整洁的房间啊！——是的。它是蒂娜和尼娜的房间。
考查名词所有格。根据句意，空处应用名词所有格，表示“……的”，故排除C项；根据空后“room”是单数可知，这是蒂娜和尼娜共有的房间；两者或两者以上共同所有，只在最后一个名词加’s。故选A。
18．B
【详解】句意：——Lisa，你能在回家的路上帮我买些牛肉吗？——好的，妈妈。
考查名词辨析。egg鸡蛋，可数名词；beef牛肉，不可数名词；banana香蕉，可数名词；potato土豆，可数名词。some修饰可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词，ACD都应该用其复数形式，排除ACD，故选B。
19．B
【详解】句意：我们学校五分之三的教师是男教师。
考查名词复数。结合动词are可知，名词要用复数形式，以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变成复数，B选项正确，故选B。
20．C
【详解】句意：——我可以帮到你吗？——请告诉我一些去大庆的火车的情况。
考查不定代词及不可数名词。a few一些，修饰可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词。information是不可数名词，无复数形式，排除A和B选项。修饰不可数名词用a little，故选C。
21．C
【详解】句意：李叔叔有一个农场，在农场上有一些鸡和羊。
考查名词复数的用法。根据“there are some…on the farm”可知，农场上会有鸡和羊。some后接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式，chicken鸡，复数形式是chickens；sheep羊，复数形式是sheep，故选C。
22．A
【详解】句意：——你的房子真漂亮！这是谁的房间？——这是Jack和Peter的。
考查名词所有格。Jack and Peter’s是指Jack和Peter两人共同的；Jack’s and Peter’s指Jack和Peter两人各自的；C选项形式错误；Jack and Peter指两个人。根据句中“Whose room is this”可知，答语中应表示“是……的”，且这里提到的是一个房间，因此应该是Jack和Peter两人共同的。故选A。
23．B
【详解】句意：这个粉红色的发带一定属于Linda。
考查名词和代词。Linda是一个女孩的名字；Linda’s是名词所有格形式；hers是名词性物主代词，意为“她的”。句中使用了短语belong to…“属于……”，后跟名词或人称代词宾格形式作宾语。故选B。
24．D
【详解】句意：——我听说袁隆平去世了感到很悲伤。——我也是。我们失去了一位英雄。他对杂交水稻的成就帮助中国人解决了吃饭的问题。
考查名词。surveys调查；reports报告；researches研究；achievements成就。根据“on hybrid rice”可知讲述的是袁隆平的成就，用名词 “achievements”。故选D。
25．C
【详解】句意：电影《送你一朵小红花》展现了父母对孩子的爱。
考查所有格。此处表达的是“父母的爱”，parents是以s结尾的复数名词，所有格直接加’即可，故选C。
26．A 27．B 28．C 29．B 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．B 34．D 35．C 36．C 37．A 38．D 39．C 40．B
【导语】本文主要介绍作者去Gary镇帮助当地人修理房屋的故事。
26．句意：分享爱是一个简单的行为。
love爱；success成功；interest兴趣；pain痛苦。根据后文内容可知，分享爱是一个简单的行为，不需要做很多。故选A。
27．句意：然后，我决定也去那里。
had a look看一看；made a decision做决定；played a part扮演角色；made a mess制造混乱。根据“ I didn’t fully understand it until my friend Helen told me about her amazing trip to a small town called Gary. Then, I...to go there, too.”可知，海伦说去加里镇的旅行很美妙，所以作者也决定去。故选B。
28．句意：然而，当我的父母知道我的计划时，起初并不同意。
mind介意；compare比较；agree同意；repeat重复。根据“my parents didn’t...at first when knowing my plan”可知，父母并不同意作者去，故选C。
29．句意：他们担心我在那里的安全。
difficulty困难；safety安全；traffic交通；influence影响。根据“They said I didn’t know much about the place. They worried about my...there.”可知，父母担心作者的安全，故选B。
30．句意：我向他们详细解释了我的计划后，他们终于同意了。
finally最终；badly非常，很；suddenly突然；recently最近。根据“After I explained my plan to them in detail(详细地), they...said yes.”可知，在详细解释了计划后，父母终于同意了，故选A。
31．句意：到达加里后，我发现这个小镇和我住的地方大不相同。
doubted怀疑；checked检查；discovered发现；imagined想象。根据“After arriving in Gary, I...the town was so different from where I lived.”可知，发现这个小镇和自己住的地方大不相同，故选C。
32．句意：镇上几乎没有商店或餐馆，所以你能找到一个买食物或饮料的地方就足够幸运了。
dangerous危险的；crazy疯狂的；brave勇敢的；lucky幸运的。根据“There were few stores or restaurants in the town”可知，镇上几乎没有商店或餐馆，所以能找到一个买食物或饮料的地方就足够幸运。故选D。
33．句意：房子建在小山上，许多房子的门窗都坏了。
much许多；many许多；few几乎没有；none没有。根据“Houses were built on small hills and...of them had broken doors or windows.”可知，许多房子的门窗都坏了，修饰可数名词复数Houses，故选B。
34．句意：我的工作是帮助当地人修理他们的房子。
sell卖；choose选择；share分享；repair修理。根据“...of them had broken doors or windows”可知，门窗都坏了，所以要修理房子。故选D。
35．句意：工作日又长又热，但看到房子一天比一天换了新的样子，真是太好了。
unless除非；though虽然；but但是；since自从。前后两句构成转折关系，用but连接，故选C。
36．句意：小事情可以让他们兴奋。
upset沮丧的；polite礼貌的；excited激动的；bored无聊的。根据“The small things could make them...”可知，小事情可以让他们兴奋，故选C。
37．句意：当他们收到一个冰淇淋、一个球甚至一个拥抱时，我无法用语言来描述他们的喜悦。
even甚至；also也；ever曾经；still仍然。根据“I couldn’t find words to describe their joy when they received an ice cream, a ball or...a hug(拥抱).”可知，此处强调递进关系，甚至一个拥抱，故选A。
38．句意：每个人都彼此认识，并随时准备提供帮助。
accept接受；avoid避免；refuse拒绝；offer提供。根据“Everyone knew each other and was ready to...help.”可知，是提供帮助，故选D。
39．句意：我在加里的经历是多么美妙啊！
experiment实验；competition比赛；experience经验，经历；conversation对话。根据“What a wonderful...I had in Gary!”可知，是作者的经历，故选C。
40．句意：我真正明白了母亲所说的意思。
ability能力；meaning意思；reason原因；skill技巧。根据“I truly learned the...of what my mother said.”可知，明白了母亲的意思，故选B。
41．A 42．B 43．C 44．B 45．C
【导语】本文是三位学生对“双减政策”发表了自己的看法。
41．细节理解题。根据“Some parents worry that the policy (政策) will lead to worse grades”可知，一些家长对此感到担心，故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据“Yang Xue, 13, Shanghai”可知，她来自上海，故选B。
43．细节理解题。根据表格所示可知，提到了三位学生，故选C。
44．细节理解题。根据“The best thing about the ‘double reduction’ is that we have more time to do after-school activities”可知，杨雪有更多的时间做课外活动，故选B。
45．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是三位学生对“双减政策”发表了自己的看法，提到了在双减之后自己生活发生的改变，故选C。
46．B 47．B 48．B 49．C 50．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了学生厌学的原因，并就如何解决这个问题提出了建议。
46．推理判断题。根据“So let’s talk about school and what to do when you don’t like it.”可知，这篇文章要谈谈如果你不喜欢学校的话，可以做些什么，也就是说，有一些方法可以帮助那些厌学的学生。故选B。
47．细节理解题。根据“Remember, your mum, dad or teachers can always help you.”可知，老师能帮助那些学业上有困难的学生。故选B。
48．词句猜测题。根据“You may be getting farther and farther behind, and it may seem like you’ll never catch up.”可知，你可能会越来越落后，看起来好像你永远都赶不上。说明catch up意为“赶上”。故选B。
49．细节理解题。根据“School is a fact of life and getting a good education can help you build the kind of future life you want.”可知，作者认为，学校是生活的一个事实，接受良好的教育可以帮助学生打造他们想要的未来生活。故选C。
50．细节理解题。根据“Another good idea is to write down your feelings about school in a notebook.”可知，如果学生厌学，可以把他们关于学校的感觉记在笔记本里。故选A。
51．a 52．was played 53．to do 54．when 55．more beautiful
【导语】本文主要介绍在水下表演的中国传统舞蹈《洛神水赋》。
51．句意：去年端午节期间，河南电视台在水下表演的中国传统舞蹈在世界各地流行开来。此处泛指一支中国传统舞蹈，“traditional”首字母发辅音音素。故填a。
52．句意：洛河女神在剧中由何灏浩扮演。主语“The goddess of Luo River”是动作play的承受者，时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数。故填was played。
53．句意：每次，我都会屏住呼吸50秒来跳一段舞蹈。此处在句中作目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to do。
54．句意：当何灏浩知道人们非常喜欢这个舞蹈时，她感到非常高兴。根据“He Haohao felt really happy...she knew people loved the dance very much.”可知，当何灏浩知道人们喜欢这个舞蹈时，她很高兴，用when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
55．句意：在许多人看来，水下的舞蹈比他们以前欣赏过的任何舞蹈都要美丽得多。根据“than”可知，此处用形容词比较级作表语，故填more beautiful。
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