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【2023赢在中考】英语二轮专题解读与强化训练
专题08 动词和动词短语
考纲解读
考纲解读
考纲解读
动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。动词在句中作谓语，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。动词有不同的形式，这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。在备战2023年中考时，考生要牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义，多做练习，在实践中加以区分。
动词和动词短语
动词
动词短语
助动词 没有词义，不能单独作谓语：be, do/does/did,
have/has/had, will, shall
vt. 需接宾语，如She teaches Math.
vi. 无需接宾语，如Let’s go.
若接宾语，需加适当介词。如Let’s go to school。
系动词 不能单独作谓语：be, become, look, taste, smell,
sound, seem, feel, stay, turn, get, keep, remain
实义动词
情态动词 有一定意义，不能单独作谓语：can, may,
must, have/has to, should, need
动词的分类
动词和动词短语
动
词
动
词
短
语
①一般动词在词尾加-s。如：look-looks; get-gets
②以s, x, sh, ch结尾加-es。如：address-addresses; box-boxes; finish-finishes; touch-touches
③以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词，变y为i加-es。如：study-studies
④部分以o结尾的词，加-es。如：go-goes; do-does
第三人称单数
动词的基本形式
动词和动词短语
动
词
动
词
短
语
①一般情况加-ed：help-helped-helped; pull-pulled-pulled
②以字母e结尾加-d：like-liked-liked; love-loved-loved
③以"辅音字母+y"结尾，变y为i加-ed：study-studied-studied
④以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母加-ed：plan-planned-planned; stop-stopped-stopped
规则变化
动词的基本形式
过去式
过去分词
不规则变化
动词和动词短语
动
词
动
词
短
语
①一般动词在词尾加-ing：go-going; look-looking
②以不发音的e结尾的词，去e加-ing：come-coming; use-using
③以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母加-ing：begin-beginning;run-running
现在分词
动词的基本形式
动词和动词短语
动
词
动
词
短
语
动词短语的分类
动词+介词
常见短语：look after照顾,照料; listen to听; wait for等待; pay for为……付钱; fall into落入; learn from向……学习; belong to属于; remind of提醒
常见短语：pick out挑选; take away拿走; come out出来; stay up熬夜; fall down摔倒; use up用完; put off推迟; clean up打扫干净; give out散发; hand out分发; hand in上交; cheer up使振奋
宾语放在介词后
接名词，放副词后或动词和副词之间；接代词，只能放在动词和副词之间
动词+副词
动词短语的分类
动词+副词+介词
常见短语：get out of从……出去; come up with提出, 想出; catch up with赶上; run out of用完; look up to尊敬; go on with继续
常见短语：take part in参加; take care of照顾; make use of利用; pay attention to注意
宾语只能放在介词后
宾语只能放在介词后
动词+名词+介词
be different from与……不同; be interested in对……感兴趣; be familiar with对……熟悉
系动词+形容词+介词
动词和动词短语
动
词
动
词
短
语
来点例子：
动词就是表示动作和状态的词。一共分为四大类：
①实义动词：表示行为或状态，有较完整的意义，能单独作谓语。
②连系动词：本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语连用，构成系表结构。
③情态动词：表示说话人在能力、义务或猜测等方面的语气或态度；没有人称和数的变化；本身有一定的词义，不能独立作谓语。
④助动词：本身没有词义；不能单独作谓语；辅助实意动词作谓语；构成疑问、否定及各种时态、语态。
动词的分类
知识点拨
Last Sunday we visited the Great Wall.（实义动词）
He felt very happy.（连系动词）
I don’t like cats.（助动词）
May I come in （情态动词）
来点例子：
动词相关的一些重要的概念
知识点拨
对于英语动词的学习，同学们要特别注意对一些很重要的基础
概念的理解，包括时态、语态、语气、延续性、人称和数。在
英语中时态、语态、语气、人称和数的变化是通过动词的形式
变化来体现的，而动词本身是否可延续也限制了动词本身的使
用方式和范围。本节只从总体上概况讲述，后面会详细讲解。
英语时态的概念
时态用来表示行为动作发生的时间和状态，时间方面包括现在、过去、将来、或者某一个行为动作是经常性或永久性的，状态包括进行状态、一般状态、完成状态和完成进行状态等.
He does exercise once in three months.(经常性的行为)
You are lying on the bed now.(现在进行)
I have eaten my lunch.(完成)
He is a student.(现在)
Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(过去进行)
来点例子：
动词相关的一些重要的概念
知识点拨
英语语态的概念
语态用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
Many people speak Chinese.(主动语态)
Chinese is spoken by many people.(被动语态)
来点例子：
动词短语
知识点拨
英语中一些常用动词常可以与某些介词、副词或其他词构成意义不同的动词短语，这些组合一般只作为一个整体使用。
1. 动词+介词型：这类动词短语的宾语不论是名词还是人称代词，都要放在动词短语的后面。
2. 动词+副词型：这类动词短语，有的相当于一个及物动词，若宾语为名词，一般既可放在短语之后，也可放在动词和副词之间，若宾语为代词，则位于动词与副词之间。有的相当于一个不及物动词，不能代宾语。
This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×)
This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√)
3. 动词+名词/代词+介词型：take (an active) part in ，take care of
4. 动词+副词+介词型：make up for，break away from
动词+介词型：look at，look after，listen to
动词+副词型：put on，take off，write down，get up
中考高频动词和用法
1. afford to do 负担的起做某事
2. agree to do 同意做某事
3. choose to do 选择做某事
4. decide to do 决定做某事
5. expect to do 期待做某事
6. hope to do 希望做某事
7. hurry to do 急忙做某事
8. manage to do 设法做成某事
9. plan to do 打算做某事
10. prefer to do 宁愿做某事
11. refuse to do 拒绝做某事
12. seem to do 看似做了某事
13. wish to do 希望做某事
14. want to do 想要做某事
以下这些词汇和短语都是中考核心词汇，列举了这些词汇常考的句型，这些用法都需掌握
中考高频动词和用法
15. allow ab. to do 允许某人做某事
16. cause ab. to do 导致某人做某事
17. encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做某事
18. force sb. to do 强迫某人做某事
19. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事
20. teach sb. to do 教某人做某事
21. warn sb. to do 警告某人做某事
22. avoid doing 避免做某事
23. consider doing 考虑做某事
24. enjoy doing 享受做某事
25. finish doing 结束做某事
26. hate doing 讨厌做某事
27. imagine doing 想象做某事
28. keep doing 持续做某事
29. mind doing 介意做某事
中考高频动词和用法
30. practice doing 练习做某事
31. regret doing 后悔做某事
32. risk doing 冒险做某事
33. suggest doing 建议做某事
34. spend…doing花费...做某事
36. forget to do 忘记要做
forget doing做了某事而把它忘记了
37. remember to do记得要做
remember doing记得做过
38. need to do需要做
need doing需要被做
39. stop to do 停下来开始做
stop doing 停止正在做的事
中考高频动词和用法
42. let sb. do 让某人做某事
43. make sb. do 使某人做某事
44. hear sb. do 听见某人做某事
45. have sb. do 要求某人做某事
若. start to do =start doing 开始做
52. learn to do = learn doing学着做
53. continue to do = continue doing继续做
中考常考的动词短语
apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉
arrive at/in 到达某处
ask for 请求，要求
agree with sb. 同意某人的意见
be able to do sth. 能够做……
be afraid of /to do sth.害怕（做）……
be angry with sb.生（某人）的气
be busy doing （with）忙于做……
be careful of 当心，注意，仔细
be covered with 被……覆盖
be famous for 因……而著名
be glad to do sth。很高兴做……
be good at 擅长
be in trouble 处于困境中
be (ill) in bed 卧病在床
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be late for ……迟到
be made from/of 由……制成
be made in 在……地方制造
be pleased （with）对……感到高兴（满意）
be ready for 为……作好准备
be strict in （with）对事（人）严格要求
be surprised （at）对……感到惊讶
be satisfied with 对……感到满意
be used to 习惯于......
be (well) worth doing （非常）值得被……
中考常考的动词短语
call off 取消 call on 号召；拜访
call up 给......打电话 call for 要求；需要
catch a cold 感冒 catch up with 赶上
change…into… 把...变成...
come from 来自 come into 进入
come in 进入;进来 come out 出来；出版
come down 下落；下降
come on 来吧；赶快;加油
come back 回来；想起来
come across （偶然）遇见（或发现）
come true （希望等）实现；达到
come up with 追上, 赶上,想出,提出 (主意)
中考常考的动词短语
中考常考的动词短语
cut in 插嘴 cut up 切碎
cut down 削减；砍倒 cut off 切断；中断
do one's best 尽某人最大努力
do some shopping/cooking 购物/做饭
do well in 在……某方面干得好
devote … to doing 奉献...去做某事
eat up 吃完，吃光
enjoy/like doing sth喜欢做某事
fall asleep 入睡 fall behind 落后
fall down 倒下；滑倒 fall ill 患病；病倒
fall into 掉进……里 fall in love with 爱上
fall off 从…掉下来 finish off 吃完，喝完
filled…with... 把…装满...
find out 发现/查出（真相等）
中考常考的动词短语
take away 拿走
take on 呈现；雇佣
take over 接收；接管
take down 记下；取下
take in 吸入；吞入（体内)
take off 脱下（衣服等）；起飞
take up 从事（工作、兴趣爱好等）；着手处理
take part in 参加……
take care of 照顾，照料
talk about 谈论……
tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事
thank for 感谢.....
think about 考虑……
think of 认为，记起，考虑
think over 仔细考虑
throw away 扔掉
中考主要是在语境中对动词进行考查,常见命题角度:
(1)实义动词辨析。中考选择填空和完形填空中都常涉及对实义动词辨析的考查,做题时:
首先要明确动词的含义;
然后通过分析语境找出关键词,或根据前后的逻辑关系确定答案。
（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题） 1. People in cold areas ________ warm colours to calm colours in their homes.
A. protect B. prefer C. pronounce D. practise
【答案】B
【解析】句意：寒冷地区的人们更喜欢家中是暖色系，而不是冷色系。考查动词辨析。protect保护；prefer更喜欢；pronounce发音；practise练习。根据“People in cold areas...warm colours to calm colours”以及常识可知寒冷地区的人更喜欢暖色系，prefer...to“与……相比，更喜欢……”。故选B。
（2022·四川乐山·中考真题） 2. Betty is slow in doing anything, so it’s impossible for her to ________ the work on time.
A. finish B. accept C. develop
【答案】A
【解析】句意：贝蒂做事很慢，所以她不可能按时完成工作。考查动词辨析。finish完成；accept接受；develop发展。根据“Betty is slow in doing anything”可知，因为做事很慢，所以是无法准时完成工作，故选A。
（2022·浙江温州·中考真题）3. In China, people usually ________ their houses to sweep away bad luck before Spring Festival.
A. clean up B. look up C. make up D. put up
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在中国，人们通常在春节前打扫房子，把坏运气扫走。 考查动词短语辨析。clean up打扫；look up查询；make up编造；put up张贴。根据“their houses to sweep away bad luck before Spring Festival”及常识可知，在春节前打扫房子，把坏运气扫走，故选A。
（2022·四川自贡·中考真题）4. —How can we save electricity in daily life —By ________ the lights when we leave a room, for example.
A. turning off B. putting off C. taking off
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——日常生活中如何省电？——例如，当我们离开房间时关灯。考查动词短语。turning off关闭；putting off推迟；taking off起飞。根据“the lights”可知为了省电，在离开房间时要关灯。故选A。
（2022·四川遂宁·中考真题）5. Many Chinese people usually ________ some paper cuttings on windows, doors and walls as symbols of wishes for good luck.
A. put up B. put off C. cut up D. cut off
【答案】A
【解析】句意：许多中国人通常在窗户、门和墙壁上贴一些剪纸，作为好运的象征。 考查动词短语辨析。put up张贴；put off推迟；cut up切碎；cut off切断。根据“some paper cuttings on windows, doors and walls”可知，剪纸应该在窗户、门和墙壁上贴的，故选A。
（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）7. In such cheerful conversation, the time ________ all too quickly.A. went up B. went down C. went by D. went back
【答案】C
【解析】句意：在这么欢快的对话中，时间流逝地很快。考查动词短语。went up上升；went down沉下；went by流逝；went back追溯。根据“the time”及“too quickly”可知，表达时间流逝地快。用短语“went by”。故选C。
提分特训
满分秘籍
巧学妙记
易失分点
8.(2021天津·中考真题)8．I’m ________ things for my trip because I like to get things ready earlier.
A．keeping clear of B．making a list of
C．getting on well with D．winning the heart of
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我正在为我的旅行列一个清单，因为我喜欢早点把东西准备好。考查动词短语。keeping clear of 避开、不接触；making a list of列出清单；getting on well with与……相处融洽；winning the heart of赢得……的心。根据“because I like to get things ready earlier.”我喜欢早点把东西准备好，结合选项可知是正在为我的旅行列清单，这样就可以早点把东西准备好，make a list of“列清单”符合语境，故选B。
提分特训
满分秘籍
巧学妙记
易失分点
9.(2021湖北武汉·中考真题)14．— Larry has changed a lot since he had a baby. — Yeah. Being a parent has ________ all his love and sense of duty.
A．taken up B．brought out C．made up D．given out
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——Larry从有了宝宝后改变了很多。——是的。为人父母使他充分发挥了他的爱和责任感。考查动词短语。take up从事；bring out使显现；make up化妆；give out分发。根据“...all his love and sense of duty.”可知成为父母会显现爱和责任感。故选B。
提分特训
满分秘籍
巧学妙记
易失分点
12.(2021山西·中考真题)7．In daily life, everyone should ________ the lies. After all, being honest comes first.
A．pay attention to B．get used to C．stay away from
【答案】C
【解析】句意：在日常生活中，每个人都应该远离谎言。毕竟，诚实是第一位的。考查动词短语。pay attention to关注；get used to习惯；stay away from远离。根据“After all, being honest comes first”可知，诚实是最重要的，所以要远离谎言，故选C。
提分特训
满分秘籍
巧学妙记
易失分点
13.(2021山东菏泽·中考真题)3．—Do you think it necessary for teenagers to learn cooking at home —Sure. Cooking is ________ an important part of education in China.A．prepared for B．regarded as C．compared with
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你认为青少年有必要在家里学习烹饪吗？——当然。烹饪在中国被视为教育的重要组成部分。考查动词短语。prepared for为……做好准备；regarded as被视为；compared with与……相比较。根据“Cooking is … an important part of education in China”可知，烹饪被视为教育的重要部分，故选B。
提分特训
满分秘籍
巧学妙记
易失分点
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【2023赢在中考】-中考英语二轮专题解读与强化训练学案
专题08 动词和动词短语
考向一：动词的分类
分类 特点 例句
实义动词 表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 Give me some ink, please. 请给我一些墨水。He works hard. 他工作努力。
连系动词 本身有词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。 He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。They look the same. 他们看起来一样。
助动词 本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。 I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。I don’t speak English. 我不说英语。
情态动词 本身有一定的意义，表示人的语气和情态，不可单独作谓语，须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。 Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。May I come in 我可以进来吗？
考向二：实义动词
分类 用法 例句
及物 动词 能直接跟宾语 She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。
【知识拓展】1. 单宾语动词：即只可接一个宾语的动词，如：accept接受；discover发现；enjoy享受；forget忘记；borrow借入；buy买；catch抓；invent发明；found建造；like喜欢；find寻找；forget忘记；receive接受；see看见；say说；show展示；make做；tell告诉等。I’m sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起，我忘了你的地址。2. 双宾语动词：即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词，如：give给；buy买；pay付款；hand递；read读；return返还；sell卖等。I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。3. 接复合宾语的动词：后接宾语和宾补的动词，如：believe相信；find发现；hear听见，听说；keep保持；make使得；see看见等。They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。4. 接动名词作宾语的动词：如advise建议；consider考虑；finish完成；imagine想象；practise练习；suggest建议等。She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。5. 接不定式作宾语的动词：如agree同意；decide决定，下决心；hope希望；refuse拒绝；manage设法等。Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。
不及物动词 不能直接跟宾语 He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。
【知识拓展】常见的不及物动词：ache疼痛；appear出现；arise出现，上升，起立；arrive到达；belong属于；care关心；come来；cough咳嗽；cry哭；die死亡；disappear消失；exist存在，生存；faint昏倒，变得微弱；fall落下；flow流动；go去；happen发生；laugh笑；lie躺；listen听；live生活，居住；look看；occur发生；rise上升，起立；sit坐；smile微笑；swim游泳
考向三：连系动词
分类 常用词 例句
表示主语的状态、特征和身份等 be(是)，look(看起来)，seem(似乎)，feel(感觉)，appear(出现)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来) He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。
表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果 turn(转变)，become(成为)，get(得到)，grow(增长)，go(去)，fall(跌落)，come(来)，prove(证明) Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。
表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变 keep(保持)，remain(仍旧)，stay(保持)，continue(继续) The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。Keep quiet while you’re going around. 参观时要保持安静。
（2022·安徽·中考真题）—You can ________ between joining the dancing club and going to the chess club.
—I consider going to the chess club, for I like playing chess better.
A．decide B．guess C．hide D．wait
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你可以决定参加舞蹈俱乐部还是国际象棋俱乐部。——我考虑去象棋俱乐部，因为我更喜欢下棋。
考查动词辨析。decide决定；guess猜；hide隐藏；wait等待。根据“You can...between joining the dancing club and going to the chess club.”可知，是决定参加哪个俱乐部，故选A。
考向四：助动词
be
人称 数 现在时态 过去时态 现在分词 过去分词
第一人称 单数 am was being been
复数 are were
第二人称 单数 are were
复数 are were
第三人称 单数 is was
复数 are were
【知识拓展】be的用法：be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。1. ＂be+现在分词＂构成进行时态。My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。2. ＂be+及物动词的过去分词＂构成被动语态。The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。
助动词do
形式 肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式
原形 do do not don’t
第三人称单数 does does not doesn’t
过去式 did did not didn’t
【知识拓展】助动词do的用法：do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。1. 用do构成否定句和疑问句。I don’t like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。2. ＂do+动词原形＂构成强调句。I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。
助动词have
形式 肯定式 否定式 缩略否定式
原形 have have not haven’t
第三人称单数 has has not hasn’t
过去式 had had not hadn’t
【知识拓展】助动词have的用法：have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。We haven’t seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了
考向五：动词的甚本形式
形式 规则变化 例句
一般现在时第三人称单数 一般情况在动词后直接加-s look→looks；work→works
以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词，后加-es catch→catches；go→goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es study→studies；try→tries
现在分词 一般情况在动词后直接加-ing read→reading；go→going
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词，直接加-ing see →seeing；toe→toeing
以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing love→loving；write→writing
以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ing cut→cutting；put→putting
少数以ie结尾的动词，先变ie 为y再加-ing die→dying；lie→lying
过去式和过去分词 一般情况在动词后直接加-ed ask→asked；help→helped
以不发音字母e结尾的动词，只加-d like→liked；live→lived
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed cry→cried；study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped；plan→planned
考向六：动词短语
构成方式 常见短语
动词+冠词+名词 give a concert开音乐会，give a tea进行测试，have a rest休息，have a picnic野餐，have a try试一试，keep a record保持纪录，leave a message留言，make a face做鬼脸，make a living谋生，make a speech进行演讲，pay a bill付账，take a risk冒险
动词+名词 catch fire着火，keep watch守望/值班，make repairs维修，play sports做运动，take action采取行，take measures采取措施，take place发生/举行
动词+名词+介词 catch hold of抓住，catch sight of看见，make contributions to对……做贡献，make room for给……腾地方，make use of利用，pay attention to注意，take advantage of利用，make contact with和……接触/联系，take pride in以……为豪
动词+介词+名词 come into use开始使用，get into trouble陷入麻烦，play with fire玩火/冒险，wait in line排队等候
动词+宾语+介词+名词 bring... to mind使想起，put... into use应用，put... into practice实行/实施，take... for example以……为例
动词+副词+介词 add up to合计达，break away from脱离，come up with想出/提出，catch up with赶上，追上，go ahead with开始，着手，go in for参加/追求，go along with一起去，hold on to坚持，keep away from远离，look down upon瞧不起/轻视，put up with忍受/容忍，run out of用完
（2022·山东济南·中考真题）Cooking classes can help students learn to ________ themselves.
A．take away B．look for C．take up D．look after
【答案】D
【详解】句意：烹饪课可以帮助学生学会照顾自己。
考查动词短语。take away带走；look for寻找；take up占用；look after照顾。根据“Cooking classes can help students…”可知，学生学会烹饪后可以照顾自己。故选D。
（2022·广西贵港·中考真题）— Julie, why did you ________ the job
— Because I found a better one.
A．turn up B．turn down C．look for D．look through
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——Julie，你为什么拒绝了这份工作？——因为我找到了一个更好的。
考查动词短语辨析。turn up出现；turn down拒绝；look for寻找；look through浏览。根据“Because I found a better one”可知，询问为什么拒绝了这份工作，故选B。
单项选择
1．（2022·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）—Dad, what’s for dinner It ________ nice!
—I’m cooking chicken soup.
A．tastes B．smells C．looks D．feels
2．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）— Exercising is good for our health.
— You’re right. So I’d rather ________ an hour’s walk than ________ in front of the computer.
A．to take; sit B．take; sit C．take; sitting D．to take; sitting
3．（2021·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）The socialist new countryside (社会主义新农村）makes farmers ________their living conditions.
A．to improve B．improve C．improving
4．（2020·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）— Hmm, something ________ so good. Is it a cake Can I try some
— Hand-made cookies. Still warm. Here you go!
A．feels B．looks C．smells D．tastes
5．（2020·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）It's rather cold here. You'd better ________ your coat.
A．put away B．not put on C．not take off D．take off
6．（2022·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）It’s raining and cold outside. You should ________ your jacket.
A．take off B．take in C．put on
7．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）—Remember to ________ the lights when you leave the classroom.
—OK, no problem, Mr. Smith.
A．turn on B．turn up C．turn off
8．（2022·贵州黔西·统考中考真题）A lot of volunteers(志愿者) have arrived in Shanghai to help the sick there.
A．reached to B．reached in C．got to D．got in
9．（2022·贵州黔西·统考中考真题）There are reports that animals ________ wildlife tourism. It’s not safe for people.
A．are used for B．are used from C．used to D．used by
10．（2022·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）— What are you going to do this afternoon
— My parents are very busy, so I have to ________ my little brother.
A．look after B．look like C．look up
11．（2022·广西河池·统考中考真题）When I meet my friends, I always try my best to be on time.
A．set out B．turn down C．make a plan D．make an effort
12．（2022·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Have you ever ________ the program of WWF
—Yes, I have. I am one of the local wild aid members.
A．taken care of B．got used to C．taken part in
13．（2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题）— What are they doing
— They are discussing what to ________ to the school in the village.
A．give away B．throw away C．clean up D．cut up
14．（2022·湖北荆州·统考中考真题）—The old man ________ all his money to the children in poor areas.
—How kind he is!
A．helped out B．gave away C．sold out D．kept away
15．（2022·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）I have the habit of ________ the unknown words in the dictionary or on the Internet.
A．looking up B．looking for C．looking at D．looking after
16．（2022·河北·统考中考真题）—Michael, ________ this shirt.
—Oh, it looks nice on me!
A．try on B．put down C．take off D．throw away
17．（2022·广西贺州·统考中考真题）We have to ________ the sports meeting because of the bad weather.
A．turn off B．put off C．take off D．get off
18．（2022·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）—Please ________ these donations for kids.
—OK, let me see. Perfect! Kids here are in great need of toys and books.
A．check out B．cut down C．sell out D．turn down
19．（2022·新疆·统考中考真题）We promised to meet at 10 in the park last Sunday, but Bob didn’t ________ until 12.
A．put up B．show up C．stay up D．give up
20．（2022·辽宁·统考中考真题）Please ________ the tall buildings if the wind blows hard.
A．run out of B．catch up with C．get on with D．keep away from
21．（2022·吉林·统考中考真题）The sign on the wall said “________ the lights as you go out”.
A．Turn off B．Take off C．Put off
22．（2022·广西·统考中考真题）— Eric, I found a watch on the playground.
— You’d better go to the Lost and Found Office and ________.
A．hand it in B．turn it down C．look it up
23．（2022·湖北恩施·统考中考真题）It’s good to help the people in need to ________ the bus if necessary.
A．get up B．get off C．get well
24．（2022·内蒙古包头·统考中考真题）—What a lovely garden!
—Yeah, let’s ________ a walk in it.
A．call out B．go for C．come across D．give away
25．（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）—When we are in danger, we should _________ .
— You are right. We must do it with thinking twice.
A．keep our cool B．let down C．kick off
26．（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）I’ll go to senior high school soon. I can’t believe how fast the time ________!
A．went on B．went off C．went by
27．（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）—Mike, please remember to ________ the electricity and water before you leave home.
—OK.
A．go off B．turn off C．put off
28．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—Mr. Chen, my kid is sleeping. Would you mind ______ your radio
—Sorry. I’ll do it at once.
A．turning down B．turn down C．turning up D．turn up
29．（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题）I’ll go to senior high school soon. I can’t believe how fast the time ________ !
A．went by B．went on C．went off
30．（2022·海南·统考中考真题）—It’s said that the Shenzhou-14 astronauts will say hello to us on Mid-Autumn Day.
—Wonderful! I’m ________ it.
A．getting along with B．staying away from C．looking forward to
31．（2022·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—I think it’s a good habit to _________ new words in a dictionary.
—Yes, that’s helpful to us.
A．look after B．look up C．look at D．look for
32．（2022·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）UNICEF, part of the United Nations, ________ in Europe in 1946 after World War II.
A．set up B．was set up C．took up D．was taken up
33．（2022·福建·统考中考真题）Please ________ the lights when you leave the room. Be a greener person.
A．turn off B．turn on C．turn up
34．（2022·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）The government is ________ elevators(电梯) in the old buildings of some communities so that people, especially the elderly can go up and down easily.
A．putting away B．putting out C．putting in D．putting through
35．（2022·四川凉山·统考中考真题）—Mom, I want to buy some novels.
—Before choosing a book, you’d better ________ some pages to know whether it’s easy or hard for you.
A．look through B．look for C．look at
36．（2022·湖北·统考中考真题）Diana and Lily should ________ the cost carefully for the holiday.
A．work out B．take away C．look after D．pick up
37．（2022·湖北·统考中考真题）—Maria, don’t forget to ________ the sports shoes. You have a P.E. class today.
—Thanks, mom. I won’t.
A．get up B．put on C．take off D．cut down
38．（2022·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）It is too dark. Why don’t you ________ the light
A．put on B．get on C．turn on D．keep on
39．（2022·四川广元·统考中考真题）—Tina, I want to make some soup. Can you ______ some tomatoes for me
—Sure, no problem.
A．make up B．fix up C．put up D．cut up
40．（2022·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）Each of us in our group wants to make friends with Gary, because he is modest and never ________ .
A．shows off B．takes off C．puts off D．gives off
完形填空
（2022·四川资阳·统考中考真题）A person has two ears but only one mouth. That’s why we should listen more and speak ____41____.
However, people often ____42____ too much. They want others to listen to them, ____43____ they forget to listen to others. That’s why we can’t really communicate as much as we think.
I used to wonder ____44____ nobody paid any attention to what I said. There were things that I wanted to say. There were feelings that I wanted to ____45____. But nobody listened to me and it really made me ____46____.
Later I found out that I had been doing ____47____ the same thing: I kept talking and never really listened to anybody. So I decided to be a ____48____. Soon, I ____49____ I began to know more about the people around me.
Now I’ve listened to them. And I’ve become a ____50____ person.
41．A．more B．faster C．less D．louder
42．A．smile B．swim C．lie D．talk
43．A．but B．if C．or D．until
44．A．how B．why C．when D．whether
45．A．share B．buy C．learn D．remember
46．A．warm B．sad C．lazy D．excited
47．A．poorly B．proudly C．exactly D．slowly
48．A．speaker B．reader C．listener D．writer
49．A．realized B．promised C．forgot D．guessed
50．A．simpler B．younger C．busier D．better
阅读理解
A
（2022·四川巴中·统考中考真题）
①Tom lived with his grandfather, who is regarded as the wisest man in the village. Many people went to grandfather for advice or help.
②One day, Tom saw three men walking together. They found a single-log（独木）bridge halfway, below which there was a deep river.
③The first man didn’t hesitate（犹豫）to step on the bridge and he made it to the other side of the river. The second man came close to the bridge. When seeing the deep river, he was so afraid that he made no move. Encouraged by the first man, he put his feet on the bridge. Although his right foot was hurt in the middle of the bridge, he got there safely. But the third man was the least brave to cross the river. It was getting dark. Behind him were some hungry wolves, he felt hopeless. But he had to be brave to cross the river. Only after a few steps, he fell into the river.
④Seeing the puzzled look on Tom’s face, grandfather said sincerely（由衷地，语重心长地）, “When in difficulties, the more time it takes to hesitate, the higher price you’ll have to pay.”
51．Many people went to grandfather for advice or help because ________.
A．he was the oldest man in the village B．he knew much about the village
C．he was the wisest man in the village D．he lived in the village for the longest time
52．What did the three men find halfway one day
A．A wolf. B．A single-log bridge. C．A wide river. D．A large bridge.
53．Which of the following statements is NOT true
A．The first man succeeded in crossing the bridge.
B．The second man got to the other side of the river safely.
C．The third man fell into the river because of his fear.
D．The grandfather helped the three men cross the river.
54．What is the structure（结构）of the passage
A． B． C． D．
55．What can we learn from the story
A．Everyone should regard the wisest man as their friend.
B．The man who is in difficulties should not give up forever.
C．When we’re in difficulties, we must ask the grandfather for advice.
D．When we’re in difficulties, don’t hesitate and act quickly.
B
（2022·四川巴中·统考中考真题）
Tips for Traveling to Yading
Best time to visit:
April, May, September, and October
Best tour route:
Tourists can choose between a long route or a short route, 1-2 days are recommended. The long route starts at Chonggu Temple, and goes on to the Luorong Cattle Farm, the Milk Lake, and Five-Color Lake. The short route starts at Chonggu Temple, and goes on to the Pearl Lake and Luorong Cattle Farm.
Transportation:
When traveling by air, the nearest airport to Yading scenic area is Daocheng Yading Airport. The flight from Chengdu to Daocheng takes 65 minutes.
There is no direct bus from the Daocheng Airport to Yading. Travelers need to take the airport bus to reach Daocheng County first. The airport bus is available after each flight landing and the trip lasts one hour costing RMB 30 per person.
Tickets:
High season: April-November, RMB 146
Low season: December-March, RMB 120
Half price for people under 18, students; free for military personnel, people with disabilities and senior citizens.
Accommodations:
Accommodations at Yading Village are expensive, but the views are worthwhile. In the nearby Shangri-La Town, there are a lot of hotels, where the room prices are more affordable.
56．What is NOT mentioned in the passage
A．Routes. B．Transportations. C．Tickets. D．Customs.
57．What’s the best time to visit
A．May. B．June. C．July. D．August
58．What’s the price for a student in high season
A．Free. B．RMB 73. C．RMB 120. D．RMB 146.
59．How long does it take to travel from Chengdu to Daocheng by air
A．Half an hour. B．An hour.
C．An hour and five minutes. D．An hour and fifteen minutes.
60．Where does this passage probably come from
A．A textbook. B．A magazine. C．A diary. D．A report.
四、短文填空
（2022·湖南衡阳·统考中考真题）
根据所给汉语或英文首字母写出短文中所缺英语单词。
It was snowy and dark on the l____61____ evening of the year. Many people were getting together in their warm homes. A poor little girl was still walking in the streets with no shoes. There were some matches in her hand.
“Matches, matches!” the little girl cried in a low voice. No one heard her when they were passing by. She didn’t sell any matches and no one gave her a ____62____ (硬币). The wind was blowing strongly and the snow was falling down on her long hair. She felt cold and hungry.
Lights were shining from every window. But the little girl was afraid to go home without selling one box of matches, because her father would beat her.
“Ah, a burning match may warm me up!” she thought. She lit three matches. When the matches were burning, she saw a warm stove, a delicious roast goose and a beautiful Christmas tree. But all these disappeared when the flames went out. Then she lit a ____63____ (第四) match. A kind old woman was standing there.
“Grandmother!” cried the little girl, “Take me with you.” Her grandmother smiled and h____64____ the girl in her arms.
On the morning of the new year, the girl was lying a____65____ the wall, dead!
参考答案：
1．B
【详解】句意：——爸爸，晚饭吃什么？闻起来很香！——我正在煮鸡汤。
考查动词辨析。tastes尝起来；smells闻起来；looks看起来；feels感觉。根据“Dad, what’s for dinner ”以及“I’m cooking chicken soup.”可知，正在煮鸡汤，应该是闻起来很香。故选B。
2．B
【详解】句意：——锻炼对我们的健康有好处。——你说得对。所以我宁愿步行一小时也不愿坐在电脑前。
考查非谓语动词。would rather do sth. than do sth“宁愿做……也不愿意做……”，两个空格都是动词原形。故选B。
3．B
【详解】句意：社会主义新农村改善了农民的生活条件。
考查非谓语动词。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选B。
4．C
【详解】句意：——嗯，某些东西闻起来很香。是蛋糕吗？我能尝尝吗？ ——手工制作的饼干。还带有点温度。尝尝吧！
考查感官动词。A. feels感觉到；B. looks看起来；C. smells闻起来；D. tastes尝起来。根据问句中Is it a cake Can I try some 提示，提问者并没有摸到、看到或者尝到这个东西，只是闻到了它的气味并进行了猜测，故选C。
5．C
【详解】句意：这里相当冷。你最好不要脱下外套。
考查had better (not) do sth结构和动词短语辨析。put away整理；not put on不要穿上；not take off不要脱下；take off脱下。分析句子可知，此处构成had better (not) do sth结构，根据“It's rather cold here.”可知，这里相当冷，所以不要脱下外套。故选C。
6．C
【详解】句意：外面又冷又下雨。你应该穿上夹克。
考查动词短语。take off脱下；take in吸收；put on穿上。根据“cold outside.”可知外面冷，应该要穿上夹克，故选C。
7．C
【详解】句意：——当你离开教室时要记得关灯。——好的，没问题，史密斯老师。
考查动词短语辨析。turn on打开；turn up出现；turn off关闭。根据“Remember to…the lights when you leave the classroom”可知，离开教室要关灯，故选C。
8．C
【详解】句意：许多志愿者已经抵达上海帮助那里的病人。
考查动词短语。reached to延伸到；reached in错误表达，当reach意为“到达”时，是及物动词，直接接宾语，不需跟介词；got to到达；got in（火车、公共汽车或飞机）到达。根据“arrived in Shanghai”可知，此处是到达上海，可以用C选项“got to”替换。故选C。
9．A
【详解】句意：有报道称动物被用于野生动物旅游。这对人们来说不安全。
考查动词短语。are used for被用于……；are used from一般不和from连用；used to过去常常；used by被……使用；根据“animals...wildlife tourism. It’s not safe for people.”可知，此处指的是“动物被用于野生动物旅游”，故选A。
10．A
【详解】句意：——今天下午你打算做什么？——我父母都很忙，所以我不得不照顾我的弟弟。
考查动词短语。look after照顾；look like看起来像；look up查阅。根据“My parents are very busy”可知我父母很忙，所以我不得不照顾我的弟弟。故选A。
11．D
【详解】句意：我去见朋友的时候，我总是尽量准时。
考查同义词替换。set out出发；turn down拒绝；make a plan计划；make an effort努力。try one’s best意为“尽最大努力”，与其含义相同的短语是make an effort（努力）。故选D。
12．C
【详解】句意：——你参加过世界自然基金会的活动吗？——是的，我参加过。我是当地野生动物援助组织的成员之一。
考查动词短语。take care of“照顾”；get used to doing sth“习惯做某事”；take part in“参加”。根据“the program of WWF”可知，此处指的是“参加”世界自然基金会的活动，故选C。
13．A
【详解】句意：——他们在做什么？——他们在讨论捐献给村里学校什么。
考查动词短语。give away捐献；throw away扔掉；clean up清理；cut up切碎。根据“...to the school in the village.”可知此处指捐献给村里的物品。故选A。
14．B
【详解】句意：——那个老人把他所有的钱都捐给了贫困地区的孩子们。——他多么善良啊！
考查动词短语。help out帮助脱困；give away赠送，捐赠；sell out卖光；keep away远离。根据“all his money to the children in poor areas”可知，这位老人把钱都捐给了贫困地区的孩子们。故选B。
15．A
【详解】句意：我有在字典或网上查生词的习惯。
考查动词短语。looking up查阅；looking for寻找；looking at看着；looking after照顾。根据“the unknown words in the dictionary”可知是在字典里查单词。故选A。
16．A
【详解】句意：——迈克尔，试穿这件衬衫。——哦，我穿起来很好看！
考查动词短语。try on试穿；put down放下；take off脱掉；throw away扔掉。根据“Oh, it looks nice on me!”可知，穿在身上很好看，所以应该指的是试穿一下这件衬衫，故选A。
17．B
【详解】句意：由于天气不好，我们不得不推迟运动会。
考查动词短语。turn off关闭；put off推迟；take off脱下；get off下车。根据“because of the bad weather.”可知，天气不好应是要推迟运动会。故选B。
18．A
【详解】句意：——请查看这些为孩子们提供的捐款。——好的，让我看看。完美！这里的孩子们非常需要玩具和书籍。
考查动词短语。check out查实，核实；cut down砍倒；sell out卖掉；turn down拒绝。根据“OK, let me see.”可知，是让对方查看一下这些捐款。故选A。
19．B
【详解】句意：我们约好上周日10点在公园见面，但鲍勃直到12点才露面。
考查动词短语。put up搭建；show up出现；stay up熬夜；give up放弃。根据“We promised to meet at 10 in the park last Sunday”可知，约定了见面地点和时间，但是鲍勃直到12点才出现。故选B。
20．D
【详解】句意：如果大风吹得太猛，请远离高楼。
考查短语。run out of用完；catch up with赶上；get on with和某人友好相处；keep away from避开。根据“the tall buildings if the wind blows hard”，可知，句子表达远离大楼，用短语“keep away from”。故选D。
21．A
【详解】句意：墙上的牌子上写着“出门时关灯”。
考查动词短语辨析。Turn off关闭；Take off脱下；Put off推迟。根据“the lights as you go out”可知，出门应该关灯，故选A。
22．A
【详解】句意：——埃里克，我在操场上发现了一块手表。——你最好去失物招领处把它上交。
考查动词短语。hand in上交；turn down调低；look up查阅；根据“I found a watch on the playground. You’d better go to the Lost and Found Office”可知，此处是建议对方把手表上交到失物招领处，故选A。
23．B
【详解】句意：如果有必要，帮助有需要的人下车是很好的。
考查动词短语辨析。get up起床；get off下车；get well恢复健康。根据“help the people in need to…the bus”可知，此处指帮有需要的人下车，故选B。
24．B
【详解】句意：——多么漂亮的的花园啊！——是的，让我们在花园里散步吧！
考查动词短语。call out召集；go for去；come across偶然遇到；give away赠送。“it”指的是花园，句子用“go for a walk”表达“去散步”。故选B。
25．A
【详解】句意：——当我们处于危险中时，我们应该保持冷静。——你说得对。我们必须三思而后行。
考查动词短语。keep our cool保持冷静；let down使失望；kick off踢开，开球；根据“You are right. We must do it with thinking twice.”可知，处于危险中时要保持冷静，故选A。
26．C
【详解】句意：我很快就要上高中了。我不敢相信时间过得这么快！
考查动词短语辨析。went on继续；went off离开；went by时间逝去。根据“I can’t believe how fast the time”可知，此处指时间过得太快，故选C。
27．B
【详解】句意：——-迈克，请记住在你离开家之前关掉水电。——好的。
考查动词短语。go off爆炸；turn off关闭；put off推迟。根据“before you leave home.”可知离开家应该要把水电关掉，故选B。
28．A
【详解】句意：——陈先生，我的孩子在睡觉。你介意调低你收音机的音量吗？——抱歉，我立刻做。
考查非谓语及动词短语。turn down调低（音量）；turn up调高（音量）。根据“my kid is sleeping”可知要调低音量，排除C、D；mind doing sth表示“介意做某事”，即mind后用动名词作宾语，故选A。
29．A
【详解】句意：我马上就要上高中了。真不敢相信时间过得如此之快！
考查动词短语辨析。went on继续；went off离去，（铃声）响起；went by时间逝去；根据“I can’t believe how fast the time...”可知，此处表达时间的流逝。故选A。
30．C
【详解】句意：——据说神舟14号宇航员将在中秋节向我们问好。——太好了！我很期待。
考查动词短语。getting along with和……相处得很好；staying away from与……保持距离；looking forward to期待做……。根据“Wonderful!”可知，说话人很期待对方说的事。故选C。
31．B
【详解】句意：——我认为查字典是个好习惯。——是的，那对我们有帮助。
考查动词短语。look after照顾；look up查阅；look at看；look for寻找。根据“new words in a dictionary”可知是查阅单词。故选B。
32．B
【详解】句意：联合国儿童基金会，是联合国的一部分，二战后于1946年在欧洲成立。
考查一般过去时的被动语态和动词短语。set up建立；take up占据，占用。根据“in Europe in 1946 after World War II”可知这是联合国儿童基金会的成立时间，因此动词短语应用set up来表示“成立”，且句子应用一般过去时。主语为UNICEF，与动词set up存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此应用被动语态，其结构为：was/were+过去分词。故选B。
33．A
【详解】句意：离开房间时请关灯。做一个环保的人。
考查动词短语辨析。turn off关闭；turn on打开；turn up调大（音量）。根据“Please … the lights when you leave the room. Be a greener person”可知，环保的做法是离开时要关灯，故选A。
34．C
【详解】句意：政府正在一些社区的老建筑中安装电梯，以便人们，特别是老年人可以轻松上下。
考查动词短语。putting away收起来放好；putting out扑灭；putting in安装；putting through接通。根据“so that people, especially the elderly can go up and down easily.”可知是为了方便老人上下楼，所以政府给老建筑安装电梯，故选C。
35．A
【详解】句意：——妈妈，我想买些小说。——在选择一本书之前，你最好先浏览几页，看看它对你来说是容易还是难。
考查动词短语辨析。look through浏览；look for寻找；look at看。根据“Before choosing a book, you’d better...some pages to know whether it’s easy or hard for you.”可知，在买小说之前先浏览几页，故选A。
36．A
【详解】句意：戴安娜和莉莉应该仔细计算假期的费用。
考查动词短语。work out解决，计算出；take away带走；look after照顾；pick up拿起。根据“the cost carefully”可知，此处是指仔细算出费用。故选A。
37．B
【详解】句意：——玛丽亚，别忘了穿上运动鞋。 你今天有体育课。——谢谢你，妈妈。我不会忘的。
考查动词短语。get up起床；put on穿上；take off脱衣服；cut down砍倒。根据“You have a P.E. class today”可知有体育课，要穿上运动鞋。故选B。
38．C
【详解】句意：太黑了。 你为什么不把灯打开？
考查动词短语辨析。put on穿上；get on上车；turn on打开；keep on继续。根据“It is too dark. Why don’t you...the light ”可知，天黑了要开灯，故选C。
39．D
【详解】句意：——蒂娜，我想做点汤。你能帮我切一些西红柿吗？——当然，没问题。
考查动词短语。make up编造；fix up修理；put up张贴；cut up切碎。根据“I want to make some soup”可知做汤，需要把西红柿切碎，故选D。
40．A
【详解】句意：我们小组中的每个人都想和加里交朋友，因为他很谦虚，从不炫耀。
考查动词短语。shows off炫耀；takes off脱下；puts off拖迟；gives off发出；根据“because he is modest and never”可知，她从不炫耀，故选A。
41．C 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．A 46．B 47．C 48．C 49．A 50．D
【导语】本文主要讲作者从一个只顾自己说话的人，变成了一个好的听众。他发现现在他比之前更了解周围的人了。
41．句意：那就是为什么我们应该听的更多，并且说的更少。
more更多；faster更快；less更少；louder更大声。根据“we should listen more and speak ...”可知此处讲要少说多听。故选C。
42．句意：然而，人们通常说的太多。
smile微笑；swim游泳；lie撒谎；talk说。根据“They want others to listen to them”可知是人们说的多。故选D。
43．句意：他们想要别人听他们讲，但是他们忘记了去听别人讲。
but但是；if如果；or或者；until直到。根据“They want others to listen to them ... they forget to listen to others.”可知前后是转折关系，故选A。
44．句意：我曾经想知道为什么别人不注意我说的话。
how怎样；why 为什么；when的时候；whether是否。根据“wonder ... nobody paid any attention to what I said.”可知此处是不明白为什么别人不注意自己的言语。故选B。
45．句意：这里有我想要分享的感受。
share分享；buy买；learn学习；remember记住。根据“But nobody listened to me and it really ...”及“There were feelings that I wanted to ...”可知作者想分享自己的感受却无人倾听。故选A。
46．句意：但是没有人倾听我，这让我很伤心。
warm温暖的；sad伤心的；lazy懒惰；excited兴奋的。根据“But nobody listened to me and it really made me ...”可知无人倾听，是件令人伤心的事。故选B。
47．句意：之后我发现我正在做着同样的事情。我不停地讲，从来不去真正的听任何人讲。
poorly差地；proudly自豪地；exactly确切地；slowly慢地。根据“I kept talking and never really listened to anybody.”可知此处讲的是自己也做着同样的事，即不停的讲，不去听别人讲。故选C。
48．句意：所以我决定成为一名听众。
speaker说话者；reader读者；listener听者；writer作者。根据“I began to know more about the people around me.”可知听者才能听到别人想说的话，才能更了解周围的人。故选C。
49．句意：很快我意识到我开始更了解我周围的人了。
realized意识到；promised承诺；forgot忘记；guessed猜测。根据“Soon, I ... began to know more about the people around me.”可知成为听者之后意识到自己通过听更了解周围的人。故选A。
50．句意：现在我听他们讲我也变成了一个更好的人。
simpler更简单；younger更年轻；busier更忙；better更好。根据“Now I’ve listened to them. And I’ve become a ...”可知听别人说话，也让自己变得更好了。故选D。
51．C 52．B 53．D 54．C 55．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述三个人过河的故事，告诉我们一个道理：在困境中的时候，越犹豫越需要付出更高的代价。
51．细节理解题。根据“Tom lived with his grandfather, who is regarded as the wisest man in the village. Many people went to grandfather for advice or help.”可知，祖父被认为是村里最聪明的人，所以许多人向祖父寻求建议或帮助。故选C。
52．细节理解题。根据“One day, Tom saw three men walking together. They found a single-log bridge halfway, below which there was a deep river.”可知，三个人在半路上发现了一座独木桥，桥下有一条很深的河。故选B。
53．推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，不是祖父帮助三个人过的河，故选D。
54．篇章结构题。第一段介绍祖父很睿智；第二、三段介绍三人过河的事；第四段祖父通过三人过河的事告诉汤姆一个道理。故选C。
55．推理判断题。根据“When in difficulties, the more time it takes to hesitate, the higher price you’ll have to pay.”可知，遇到困难时，犹豫的时间越长，付出的代价就越大。所以这个故事告诉我们：当我们遇到困难时，不要犹豫，迅速行动。故选D。
56．D 57．A 58．B 59．C 60．B
【导语】本文是一则广告信息，介绍了去亚丁的旅游信息。
56．细节理解题。根据“Best tour route:”“Transportation:”“Tickets:”可知，没有提到习俗，故选D。
57．细节理解题。根据“Best time to visit: April, May, September, and October”可知，最佳旅游时间是四月份，五月份，九月份和十月份，故选A。
58．推理判断题。根据“High season: April-November, RMB 146”及“Half price for people under 18, students”可知，旺季是146元/人，学生半价，也就是73元/人，故选B。
59．细节理解题。根据“The flight from Chengdu to Daocheng takes 65 minutes”可知，坐飞机需要65分钟，也就是一个小时零五分钟，故选C。
60．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是一则介绍了去亚丁旅游的广告信息，可能来自杂志，故选B。
61．(l)ast 62．coin 63．fourth 64．(h)eld 65．(a)gainst
【导语】本文是一篇小故事，主要讲述了《卖火柴的小女孩》的故事。
61．句意：这是一年的最后一个晚上，天又黑又下着雪。根据“On the morning of the new year”可知，第二天是新年，所以这是今年的最后一个晚上，last“最后的”符合语境，故填(l)ast。
62．句意：她没有卖掉一根火柴，也没有人给她一枚硬币。coin“硬币”，此前有a修饰，使用名词单数形式，故填coin。
63．句意：然后她点燃了第四根火柴。fourth“第四”，作定语修饰match，故填fourth。
64．句意：她的祖母微笑着把女孩抱在怀里。根据“Her grandmother smiled and h...the girl in her arms.”可知，祖母把女孩抱在怀里，hold“抱住”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(h)eld。
65．句意：新年的早晨，女孩靠墙躺着，死了！根据“the girl was lying a...the wall”可知，女孩靠墙躺着，against“靠着”符合语境，故填(a)gainst。
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