2023届高三英语二轮专题训练1：定语从句（含解析）

专题训练1 定语从句
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out.
2. The rich collection of genes ________ decide their qualities would disappear with them.
3. Gu Ailing, ________ is born to an American father and a Chinese mother, decided to compete for China in the 2022 Winter Olympics in June, 2019.
4. Thinking about that possibility, I turned and walked back to the table ________ I had been sitting.
5. Shanghai, ________ entered its 41st day of temperatures above 35℃ on Sunday, has experienced six days with high temperatures above 40℃ this summer.
6. Chinese Teachers’ Day is the very festival ________ celebrates the 2,300-year tradition of respecting teachers and education in China.
7. This important test will greatly affect a young person’s future, who are used to decide which university a student can attend.
8. In the northwestern Chinese city of Dunhuang, ________ is known for the UNESCO World Heritage Site Mogao Grottoes, the “digital Dunhuang project” has made extensive use of digitalization.
9. The process takes as many as 108 steps, all of ________ require a level of delicacy.
10. It was a place ________ they could find water and refreshment, and provided rest and safety.
11. Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
12. On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
13. Dr. Rowan, _______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which
14. In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike.
15. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ________ are only good for one use.
16. Many lessons are now available online, from _______ students can choose for free.
A. whose B. which C. when D. whom
17. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her late husband Les.
18. Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
19. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ________ are only good for one use.
二、语篇填空
Passage 1
Agricultural experts say crop diversity is important to feed the ___1___ (increase) population of our planet. They say having a large variety of plants also ___2___ (help) to protect against possible crop diseases and future crises. But many experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century.
One of the world’s ___3___ (large) seed conservation projects has predicted further losses. The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species could ___4___ (permanent) disappear. The rich collection of genes ___5___ decide their qualities would disappear with them.
Many experts blame climate change and loss of habitat, normal growth area, for damaging plant life. They say human ___6___ (activity) and poorly planned, overly heavy use of land are also responsible. Some experts say the use of modern commercial farming methods saved millions of people from ___7___ (starve). Farmers planted, watered, and fertilized their crops ___8___ the help of machines. They treated their fields with chemicals ___9___ (control) diseases and insects.
Harvests grew larger and higher quality, ___10___ another result was that some traditional crops were lost.
Passage 2
The next morning, the two girls arose early ___11___ (take) the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. ___12___ (see) from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked ___13___ (mass). When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise ___14___ the blue water literally took their breath ___15___ with its exceptional beauty. They ___16___ (spend) the night, and then took ___17___ coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the ___18___ (awesome) journey they had ever taken. In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests, one highlight of their trip was ___19___ (be) a ble to see many different creatures, including deer, mountain ___20___ (goat), and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
参考答案
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. 【答案】who/that
【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
2. 【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：决定它们品质的丰富的基因集合将随着它们一起消失。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词词gene是物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that或which来引导，故填that/which。
3. 【解析】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：谷爱凌的父亲是美国人，母亲是中国人。2019年6月，她决定代表中国参加2022年冬奥会。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句，先行词为Gu Ailing，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。
4. 【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：考虑到这种可能性，我转身走回我刚才坐的那张桌子。分析可知，空后的内容在句中为定语从句，先行词为table，空处指代先行词，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where，故填where。
5. 【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上周日，上海连续第41天气温超过35℃，今年夏天，上海已经连续6天气温超过40℃。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Shanghai，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
6. 【答案】that
【解析】考查关系词。句意：中国教师节是庆祝中国2300年来尊师重教传统的节日。分析句子可知，“celebrates the 2,300-year tradition of respecting teachers and education in China”是从句部分，修饰festival，从句部分缺主语，且有the very修饰，只能填that。故填that。
7. 【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是test，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导，故将who改为which。
8. 【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在以联合国教科文组织世界遗产莫高窟而闻名的中国西北部城市敦煌，“数字敦煌项目”广泛利用了数字化。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Dunhuang，先行词在非限定性定语从句中作主语，先行词为物，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
9. 【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：这个过程需要多达108个步骤，所有的步骤都需要一定程度的精细。这里是非限制性定语从句，先行词为process，指物，句子中缺乏主语，故用关系词which连接从句。故填which。
10. 【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是一个他们可以找到水和点心，并提供休息和安全的地方。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a place，关系词在从句中做地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。
11. 【答案】that/who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
12. 【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在这1100公里的旅程中，这位在8岁时因车祸而失明的男子曹胜康穿越了三个省的40个城市和县城。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
13. 【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s”，表示“……的”，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。
14. 【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
15. 【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只能使用一次。分析可知，most of ______ are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bottles, and bags，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。
16. 【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。
17. 【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
18. 【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：由于月球自身阻挡了地球与探测器之间的无线电通信，中国必须先将一颗卫星送入月球上方轨道的一个位置，在那里它能够向航天器和地球发送信号。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词spot，且引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导，故填where。
19. 【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只能使用一次。分析可知，most of ______ are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bottles, and bags，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。
二、语篇填空
Passage 1
【答案】1. increasing 2. helps 3. largest 4. permanently 5. that/which 6. activities 7. starvation 8. with 9. to control 10. but/while/yet
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了农作物多样性对于养活地球上不断增长的人口非常重要。
1. 考查形容词。句意：农业专家表示，作物多样性对于养活地球上不断增长的人口非常重要。分析句意再根据空格后的名词population可知，此处应该用提示词的形容词形式来修饰名词。故填increasing。
2. 考查主谓一致。句意：他们说，拥有大量种类的植物还有助于防止可能的作物疾病和未来的危机。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语 having a large variety of plants看作第三人称单数，故填helps。
3. 考查最高级。句意：世界上最大的种子保护项目之一预计损失将进一步扩大。分析句意再根据one of可知，此处用形容词的最高级表示“最大的种子保护项目之一”符合语境。故填largest。
4. 考查副词。句意：The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership警告称，多达10万种植物物种可能会永久消失。分析句式结构可知，disappear是动词，修饰动词要用副词，所以空格处应该填提示词的副词形式。故填permanently。
5. 考查定语从句。句意：决定它们品质的丰富的基因集合将随着它们一起消失。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词词gene是物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that或which来引导，故填that/which。
6. 考查名词。句意：他们说，人类活动和规划不周、过度使用土地也是罪魁祸首。分析句式结构可知，此处用名词作主语，且activity是可数名词，此处用复数形式表泛指，故填activities。
7. 考查名词。句意：一些专家说，现代商业农业方法的使用使数百万人免于饥饿。分析句式结构可知，此处用名词作介词from的宾语，所以此处用提示词的名词形式。故填starvation。
8. 考查介词。句意：农民在机器的帮助下种植、灌溉和施肥。分析句意再根据空格后的the help of可知，此处用介词构成固定短语with the help of表示“在……的帮助下”符合语境。故填with。
9. 考查动词不定式。句意：他们用化学药品处理田地以防治病虫害。分析句式结构可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语符合语境。故填to control。
10. 考查连词。句意：收成越来越大，质量越来越高，但另一个结果是一些传统作物失去了。分析句意可知，此处上下文之间是转折关系，且有逗号隔开，故填but/while/yet。
Passage 2
【答案】11. to take 12. Seen 13. massive 14. where 15. away 16. spent 17. a 18. most awesome 19. being 20. Goats
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了两个女孩很早就起床，乘火车穿过加拿大落基山脉前往路易斯湖的经历。
11. 考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，两个女孩很早就起床，乘火车穿过加拿大落基山脉前往路易斯湖。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是arose，此空处需要不定时作目的状语。故填to take。
12. 考查非谓语动词。句意：从火车窗口望去，加拿大的山峦和森林显得十分壮观。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是looked，see与其逻辑主语the mountains and forests of Canada是被动的关系，所以此空处需要过去分词表被动作状语。故填Seen。
13. 考查形容词。句意：从火车窗口望去，加拿大的山峦和森林显得十分壮观。分析句子可知，looked是系动词，后可接形容词作宾语，mass“大量”是名词，其形容词是massive“大量的；壮观的”，故填massive。
14. 考查定语从句。句意：当火车到达车站时，他们乘出租车去了路易斯湖，在那里，蓝色的海水以其独特的美让他们惊叹不已。分析句子可知，定语从句中不缺主语和宾语，先行词是 Lake Louise在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
15. 考查固定短语。句意：当火车到达车站时，他们乘出租车去了路易斯湖，在那里，蓝色的海水以其独特的美让他们惊叹不已。固定短语take one's breath away“令某人惊叹不已”。故填away。
16. 考查动词时态。句意：他们过了一夜，然后乘长途汽车向北穿过加拿大落基山脉到达贾斯珀。根据并列连词and后面句子的谓语是took，可知and前面的句子里的谓语也应用一般过去时。故填spent。
17. 考查冠词。句意：他们过了一夜，然后乘长途汽车向北穿过加拿大落基山脉到达贾斯珀。coach“长途汽车”是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且coach发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
18. 考查形容词最高级。句意：看着美丽的风景，他们都认为这是他们有史以来最棒的一次旅行。空处修饰名词journey，需用形容词作定语，定冠词the修饰形容词最高级。故填most awesome。
19. 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了能看到壮观的山峰和森林，他们此行的一个亮点是能看到许多不同的生物，包括鹿、山羊，甚至还有灰熊和鹰。分析句子结构可知，was是系动词，空处应用动名词短语作表语。故填being。
20. 考查名词。句意：除了能看到壮观的山峰和森林，他们此行的一个亮点是能看到许多不同的生物，包括鹿、山羊，甚至还有灰熊和鹰。goat为可数名词，前无冠词，应用复数。故填goats。