2023年北京中考英语二轮复习专项练习—阅读理解4（含解析）
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2023年北京英语中考专项—阅读理解4
一、阅读理解题
This Family Keeps Their Community Warm by Cutting Firewood for Those in Need
Washington is home to lots of trees—it is the Evergreen State, after all—and it has lots of fireplaces and wood-burning heaters too. But what if you lived there and couldn't cut wood or couldn't afford to pay someone to do it Luckily, Shane McDaniel and his twin sons, Harrison and Henry McDaniel, are happy to help. The three men cut truckloads of wood—then give it to those in need.
The idea actually started as a father-son relationship project, Shane told msn.com. "I cut wood with my dad. He just loved doing it," said Shane. He wanted to pass along that feeling, so he and the twins spent the summer cutting. The result was a great wall of wood piled up (堆积) around their house. To buy that much it would cost about ＄10,000.
It was too much for the McDaniels to use themselves, and when the weather turned cold that November, Shane started thinking of others. He posted online: "IF YOU ARE IN NEED OF FIREWOOD AND CANNOT AFFORD IT, PLEASE PM [personal message] ME! If you know someone who BURNS WOOD, please help me and my boys make sure NO ONE GOES COLD IN OUR NEIGHBORHOOD."
The response (反应) was immediate. One man offered to donate (捐赠) a wood-burning stove. Others raced over to Shane's house with more wood. One woman, noticing the photo of the McDaniels, started to feel warm in other ways: "I don't need the wood. But I am truly happy for what you have done!"
Single mom Katelyn Ticer, 29, and her four-year-old daughter depended on a wood-burning stove as their only way of heat, so it was so good to receive a truckload of firewood from the McDaniels. "To get that much wood brought me to tears," she told msn.com. "So much stress and worry is off my shoulders, I couldn't be more thankful."
Shane is ready to help more people. "Giving is the reward," he said. "It has nothing to do with how well it's received; it's about how much it's needed."
(1) What did Shane and his sons do to help their neighbors
A．They gave firewood to those in need.
B．They bought
wood-burning stoves.
C．They raised about 10000 dollars.
D．They paid someone to cut wood.
(2) What happened after Shane posted messages online
A．His family
received lots of
presents.
B．Some people quickly offered to help.
C．Lots of wood piled up around their house.
D．The weather suddenly turned freezing cold.
(3) What did Shane think of what he had done to help others
A．Being needed drives us to give.
B．Love is not giving but receiving.
C．Helping others is just helping ourselves.
D．It's better to help people fish than to give them fish.
It Is Never Too Early to Think—and Communicate—Like a Scientist
Who is a scientist and what is his job A chemist doing experiments A geologist out studying rocks When most people think about science, they imagine characters making discoveries or finding cures (治疗方法) for new diseases. However, these leave out an extremely important part of the scientific process: communicating—sharing the results of that work.
Imagine if someone discovered something important about a disease. Other scientists need to understand the work well enough to use these new developments to make even more discoveries in the future. The public, too, needs to understand how these discoveries might influence their lives. But none of this will be possible if the work is not shared. Being a scientist goes far beyond the moment of discovery.
Without clear communication, scientists would not be able to use the work that has already been done. So how do scientists tell others about the work that they have done How do they make sure that everything that they share is as clear and correct as possible
Researchers publish their work in scientific journals (期刊). These journals can be read by other researchers around the world. It is very important for these journals, and for the scientists who read them, to make sure that the research included is as correct as possible. In order to do that, articles given to scientific journals before publication first go through a process called peer review. Other scientists who do research in areas related to the work in an article are asked to read through it. Scientists also provide feedback to the writers. They bring up new questions the writer may not have considered, recognize limitations to the results being described, and also make sure that no mistakes were made during the process.
Frontiers for Young Minds is a scientific journal, written for—and reviewed by—young people. All of the articles in it are based on works already published in a peer reviewed scientific journal. However, while scientists are good at making sure that articles are understandable for other scientists, there are no better experts to make sure that something can be understood by young people than the young people themselves. By working together with an expert, young reviewers read the article to see if any part of the article is hard to understand, make it clear why the experiment was done in the way it was done, and check whether the figures (数据) clearly explain the point of the article.
Basically, these young reviewers learn to think like scientists. It is never too early to start! Ask questions, learn new things, and don't forget the importance of communicating your findings.
(1) What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．What is required to be a good scientist.
B．Who should understand a scientist's job.
C．Why sharing the results of scientific work is important.
D．How scientists make sure their work is clear and correct.
(2) From the passage we can know that .
A．scientists are good at working together with others
B．young people usually enjoy reading scientific journals
C．in peer review, other scientists bring up questions to readers
D．young reviewers help make articles in Frontiers for Young Minds more readable
(3) What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
A．To introduce how scientists do their jobs.
B．To offer practical advice on how to ask scientific questions.
C．To explain the effects of peer review on scientific journals.
D．To encourage young people to think and communicate like scientists.
Why Wisdom (智慧) Doesn't Work as Well as We Think It Does
We relate wisdom to age. Most of us believe that gaining wisdom is like picking up stones on a path: the longer you're on the path, the more stones you'll collect.
It seems a reasonable inference, then, the older you are, the more wisdom you have. Older people usually make fewer careless mistakes, and they often know the best course of action in a given situation. But I think there's another explanation at play here, which we might consider in the light of what we know about human decision-making.
There are two different ways of decision-making; plans and habits. Here's an example of how these ways differ. If you're driving somewhere for the first time, you'll need a plan. You will need to know whether to turn left or right, because you don't already have that information stored away in your head. On the other hand, you don't need a plan when you're going somewhere familiar (熟悉的) because the order of steps that will take you there is stored as a habit. But if you find that the road is blocked by fallen trees, you'll have to think about another way. Such a plan allows you to more easily deal with new situations, but they require a lot more attention.
The use of plans and habits changes over the course of our lives. A baby can't use habits to make decisions, because any situation she's in will be a new one. As we build up a store of familiar situations, the more we can depend on habits. The older you are, the more likely your behavior is based on tried-and-true habits rather than fresh planning.
But what does this tell us about wisdom Well, it suggests that wisdom is interactive, not static: it is a relationship between a person and their surroundings (环境). The reason that wisdom seems to come out so effortlessly from well-seasoned minds is that they have a store of habitual information about how to act in a given situation.
But it also makes a worrying prediction: if older people were put in a new situation, with which they had no familiarity, they wouldn't make better decisions than someone who is young. It is the same with mistakes. Older, seemingly wiser people make fewer mistakes because they're familiar with surroundings they often deal with. If you controlled for the familiarity of the situation, then people in different age groups would probably make the same number of mistakes. Younger people might even make fewer mistakes, because they are better at coming up with fresh plans.
While wisdom gives you expertise within a particular environment, it doesn't mean that you'll be able to generalize that to new experiences. It's not that we necessarily get wiser as we get older, but we put ourselves in fewer situations where we are likely to make mistakes.
(1) What do we know about the two ways of decision-making according to the passage
A．Using plans or habits to make decisions is an ever-changing process.
B．The use of plans and habits requires lots of attention and effort.
C．When going somewhere familiar, we need to work out a plan.
D．Younger people depend more on habits to make decisions.
(2) What can we learn from the passage
A．Younger people have a great advantage in becoming wiser.
B．Older people are better at making careful plans before action.
C．Older people seem wiser because they've stored more habitual information.
D．Younger people make more mistakes when they're in unfamiliar surroundings.
(3) What does the underlined word "static" probably mean in Paragraph 5
A．Uncontrolled. B．Unchanged. C．Increasing. D．Surprising.
(4) What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
A．To stress the importance of gaining wisdom.
B．To compare the two different ways of decision-making.
C．To call on younger people to learn more from older people.
D．To remind us to view the wisdom of older people reasonably.
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. In the ancient days, they were important instructions for the farming production as well as people's daily lives. Here are four solar terms and some details about them.
Spring Equinox It starts around March 21st. During this time, swallows fly back to the north. It is also a good time for people to fly kites and eat spring vegetables.
Summer Solstice It begins around June 21st. To celebrate Summer Solstice, people often give colored fans to each other because fans can help them cool down.
Autumn Equinox It starts around September 23rd. From Autumn Equinox, most of the areas in China will enter the cool autumn. It is a season for people to eat crabs and enjoy chrysanthemums (菊花).
Winter Solstice It begins around December 22nd. It marks the arrival of the coldest season in the year. People usually make and eat dumplings with their family members.
(1) Spring Equinox begins around .
A．March 21st B．June 21st C．September 23rd D．December 22nd
(2) To celebrate Summer Solstice, people .
A．eat spring vegetables B．give each other colored fans
C．enjoy chrysanthemums D．make and eat dumplings
(3) marks the arrival of the coldest season in the year.
A．Spring Equinox B．Summer Solstice
C．Autumn Equinox D．Winter Solstice
Katy's Book Report
It was Monday afternoon. Pointing to the blackboard, Mr. Hayes reminded his students, "You should hand in your book report next Monday."
Katy said in a low voice, "I haven't started yet."
Tom looked surprised, "I've already finished reading mine."
"We still have a whole week," Katy said. "There's plenty of time. I will start reading it tonight right after the soccer practice."
But Katy was too tired to read after the soccer practice. "I'll start the book tomorrow," she told herself.
Tuesday came. Katy watched TV for a few hours, and then worked on her coin collection until bedtime. "It's too late to read now," Katy decided. "Tomorrow, I'll start it for sure."
On Wednesday, Tom warned her not to leave things until the last minute.
"It's not the last minute," Katy told him. "I still have four whole days left."
Unfortunately, she had to clean up her messy room first. Then, she was too tired to read. So Katy put off starting her book until Thursday.
Katy finally began reading her book on Thursday. It was so hard that she had read only a few pages by bedtime.
On Friday night, Katy gave up watching her favorite video, for she had to read her book. Then on Saturday morning, she went on reading it.
"At least I have the whole weekend," she thought. However, she forgot her soccer game! So she lost several hours to read, which made her even more worried.
Katy read for the rest of Saturday, and she thought to herself, "I wish I'd started it earlier, like Tom!"
Katy finally finished reading her book on Sunday morning and stayed up writing her book report until midnight. She looked tired and nervous, thinking to herself, "I think this project has taught me an important lesson."
(1) What did Mr. Hayes remind his students to work on
A．A video game. B．A soccer practice.
C．A book report. D．A coin collection.
(2) How did Katy feel after the soccer game on Saturday
A．Bored. B．Worried. C．Shocked. D．Disappointed.
(3) What lesson has Katy got from the project
A．She should read more hooks.
B．She should learn more writing skills.
C．She shouldn't compare herself with others.
D．She shouldn't leave her work to the last minute.
Different from common belief, blue light may not have a strong negative effect as people thought—according to the scientists from the University of Manchester.
It's known that our body clock measures brightness through melanopsin (黑素蛋白), a specialized light sensitive protein in the eye. So there has been lots of interest in studying the influence of light on the body clock. Researchers changed the make-up of short and long wavelength light, which provided a small difference in brightness, as well as changes in color. Findings suggested blue light might be troublesome to our sleep patterns.
The new research, however, used a different method, since the changes in color may oppose the benefits from reducing the brightness signals detected (探测) by melanopsin. The team used specially designed lighting to change color without changing brightness.
Findings of the new research showed that blue colors produced weaker effects on the subjects' body clock than equally bright yellow colors. "Our recognition of color comes from the retinal cone cells (视网膜锥形细胞), and the blue color signals they supply reduce the influence of light on the body clock," explained the lead researcher. "The research shows the common view that blue light has the strongest effect on the body clock is misguided."
According to the team, using dim (昏暗的), cooler lights in the evening and bright warmer lights during the day may be more beneficial to ensure healthy patterns of sleep. Twilight (暮光) is both dimmer and bluer than daylight and the body clock uses both of those features to decide on the proper times to be asleep and awake.
The findings have important suggestions for the design of lighting and visual displays which aim to promote people's sleep patterns. Present technologies are mostly designed to limit our evening exposure to blue light by changing the screen color of mobile devices. The technology, however, may send the body clock mixed messages. This is because the small changes in brightness they produce come along with colors that are commonly seen during the day. So there's more for the designers to take into consideration.
Setting our body clocks in line with our social and work schedules can be good for our health, and using color correctly could be a way to help us better achieve that.
(1) The writer mentions different research methods in Paragraphs 2 and 3 to .
A．suggest how the data of the research should be collected
B．explain why the findings of the old research are reasonable
C．discuss possible ways of studying the influence of blue light
D．show the progress in the methods used in the studies of blue light
(2) According to the new findings, what should the designers take into consideration
A．The changes in both colors and brightness.
B．The influence of the daylight on sleep patterns.
C．The suggestions on the proper use of mobile devices.
D．The balance between technologies and the body clock.
(3) What can we learn from the new research
A．Blue light cannot be easily detected by the body clock.
B．Blue light has the weakest effect on people's body clock.
C．Blue light is not as harmful to their sleep patterns as people thought.
D．Blue light benefits people more in their sleep patterns than yellow light.
Sophia is smart, talented and incredibly nice. As a team leader, she wishes Nathan, a member of her history project, did his part as required. But rather than criticize him, Sophia offered polite encouragement trying to push him instead, only to find that Nathan kept falling behind. It ended up that other team members, who had to take on more work, complained about both Sophia and Nathan, while Nathan himself complained that he was not treated fairly.
How did poor Sophia get into this mess The primary reason was that Sophia failed in a key aspect of leadership—the duty to provide clear feedback (反馈) for team members. This isn't simply a duty but a correctness.
Failing to question or criticize Nathan's work, Sophia was in fact unkind. Many people are not a failure, like Nathan in this case; they're just in the wrong place, and still left in the dark. What they really need is feedback from their leaders. However, Sophia, in this case, withheld a gift from Nathan.
"You'd better use open, honest, continuous and clear feedback," says Harry Kraemer, a professor of management and strategy at Northwestern University, "to help figure out someone's best fit—in their particular job or in the organization."
This approach also prevents surprises. It's not uncommon to see someone suddenly removed from a team. They may have deserved it, but with a kind leader, they wouldn't have been caught off-guard, because they would have been receiving open, honest, continuous and clear judgment of their performance.
Then why is it so hard for leaders to give good feedback "We like to be liked," Kraemer says. So we avoid anything that may cause unpleasantness, but that kind of feedback usually helps members find the right place for them. "If you like to be liked, the chance of being respected is extremely low. However, if you start off focusing on being respected, you have a chance of being liked," Kraemer adds. The most difficult part for the leader, of course, involves criticizing someone. That is what a nice leader finds hard.
Back to Sophia's case. Not telling Nathan how he was on the team only made a hard situation worse. But with a different mindset, she could have set herself and Nathan up for success.
(1) The expression "caught off-guard" in Paragraph 5 probably means "_____".
A．kicked out carelessly B．treated unexpectedly
C．sent out unfairly D．guided effortlessly
(2) The writer probably agrees that _____.
A．being nice to team members is likely to win leaders great respect
B．criticizing team members results in serious complaints to the leader
C．open and honest communication is a must for leaders and team members
D．praise and encouragement from leaders bring out better team performance
(3) According to the writer, what Sophia should do is _____.
A．patiently encouraging Nathan to try his best
B．gradually having Nathan dropped out of the project
C．politely showing Nathan the improvement he made
D．clearly telling Nathan her judgment of his performance
(4) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．To be nice or to be kind
B．To be liked or to be criticized
C．Is it necessary for leaders to be pleasing
D．Is it helpful for leaders to be demanding
Children's Games in Ancient China
During ancient times, children didn't have much to enjoy themselves. However, they came up with interesting games to play in their childhood.
Kicking stone balls During the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular game in the northern part of China, and it was often played in winter to keep warm.
Playing hide-and-seek Hide-and-seek is a traditional game for children, popular around the nation. There are two ways to play: covering a child's eyes while other kids run around to tease (戏弄) him or, more commonly, others hide and one child must try to find them.
Flying kites Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood, instead of paper. The three most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and Weifang kite. Each has its own feature. For example, the bird-shaped kite with long wings is a special kind of the Beijing kite.
Watching shadow plays ( The closest thing to watching a film during ancient times was going to see a shadow play. The artists control puppets (木偶) behind the screen and tell stories to the music.
(1) According to the text, the game of kicking a stone ball was _____.
A．played in summer B．like flying kites
C．invented in Beijing D．popular in North China
(2) How is hide-and-seek usually played
A．One plays and others watch.
B．Others laugh and one must cry.
C．Others hide and one tries to find.
D．One runs and others try to catch.
(3) Which ancient game is like watching a film
A．Kicking stone balls. B．Flying kites.
C．Playing hide-and-seek. D．Watching shadow plays.
Simon was a curious (好奇的) boy. He lived with his grandfather. One night, he secretly entered the store room where his grandfather kept his priceless antiques (古董).
Simon stood on a chair. He lifted the box where his grandfather had kept many wrist-watches. While getting down from the chair, the box slipped out of his hands and fell onto the floor. To his shock, he found the glass of his grandfather's favorite watch broken. Simon got frightened. He picked up the pieces of glass. He put the broken watch back into the box and placed the box back on the shelf. He could not sleep that night.
The next morning, Simon got up early. He gathered courage to go and admit his mistake to his grandfather. He told grandfather everything. The grandfather looked thoughtful. He did not say anything and went over to the store room. Simon kept standing with his head down.
Having returned from the store room the grandfather said to Simon. "I felt very angry when you had broken my precious watch. Your grandmother gifted it to me on our first wedding anniversary. But you need not worry. Only the glass is broken, I shall have it replaced."
Simon felt relieved (释然的). After some time, his grandfather went into the kitchen and brought a glass of milk to him. And said, "It was brave enough of you to tell me the truth. You knew that I would scold (责骂) you, didn't you "
Simon said, "I was scared at first. But I didn't want to tell a lie. I should not have touched your things without your permission."
"Don't be scared to own up your mistake," Grandfather said. "It is brave to admit your mistake. You may be scared of being scolded. But it is the only way for you to be free from guilt (愧疚)."
(1) What did Simon break
A．A cup. B．A chair. C．A watch. D．A mirror.
(2) The next morning Simon got up early and .
A．asked his uncle for help B．hid himself in the store room
C．told the truth to his grandfather D．cleaned the whole room carefully
(3) What can we learn from the story
A．Be brave to face your mistake.
B．Be confident to express your ideas.
C．A kind smile can give us courage.
D．A curious mind can bring us happiness.
When thinking of ways to relax in life, usually things like yoga, jogging and music come to mind. These are great, to be sure. But getting a friend can also have many benefits. While human friends provide great social support, furry friends like cats and dogs can come with some great benefits.
Pets can improve people's mood. For those who love animals, it's actually impossible to stay in a bad mood when a pair of loving puppy eyes meets yours, or when a super-soft cat rubs up against your hand. The study found that people with AIDS were less likely to suffer from deep sadness if they owned a pet.
Pets also encourage people to get out and exercise. Whether people walk their dogs because they need it, or are more likely to enjoy a walk when they have companionship, dog owners do spend more time walking than non-pet owners.
While we all know the power of talking about your problems with a good friend who is a good listener, research shows that spending time with pets may be even better! People actually experience less stress (压力) when their pets are with them than when a supportive friend is present! A recent study performed by Washington State University (WSU) has proved that petting cats and dogs for just ten minutes is an effective way to reduce stress levels. The team chose 249 students and put them into four groups. The first group was provided 10 minutes to play with dogs and cats. The second group waited in line while observing the first group. The third group watched a video of the same animals, while the fourth group was just waiting. "What we wanted to learn was whether this exposure (接触) would help students reduce their stress, and it did," said Patricia Pendry, a professor in WSU.
It's important to realize that owning a pet isn't for everyone. It does come with additional work and responsibility, which can bring its own stress. However, for most people, the advantages of having a pet outweigh the drawbacks (缺点). Having a furry best friend can reduce tress in your life and bring you support when times get tough.
(1) The study performed by WSU shows that .
A．people keep pets for fun
B．animals are good listeners
C．pets are friendlier than humans
D．petting animals helps reduce stress
(2) What can we learn from the passage
A．Pets can help doctors treat AIDS.
B．Dog owners are likely to exercise more.
C．Human friends are more supportive than pets.
D．Pet owners are more responsible than others.
(3) What is the purpose of this passage
A．To give advice on how to keep pets.
B．To draw people's attention to life stress.
C．To introduce benefits of keeping pets.
D．To share ideas on how to reduce stress.
If you know a teenager or gamer, you have probably heard about the latest video game: Fortnite. In the game, up to 100 players land into small island with guns, and then kill or hide from other players in an attempt to be the lone survivor. The main goal is to kill other players. The popularity of these types of games raises clear questions about the effects of violent (暴力的) gaming. Do violent video games lead to real life violence
The research on this question is mixed. Over the years, researchers have performed studies to find out whether violent video games lead to problems such as aggression (攻击性) and poor performance in school. Many studies have found that people who play violent video games are more likely to be involved in aggressive behavior. In fact, there was enough research leading to this conclusion (结论) that the American Psychological Association published a policy statement in 2015 concluding that playing violent video games leads to more aggressive behaviors.
But many other researchers disagree Many studies about violent crime and the use of video violent games find no evidence that increased sales of violent video games leads to an obvious growth in violent crimes. Researchers state that if violent games directly led to violent behavior, the data (数据) would show increases in violent crime on a large-scale as more people played violent games. In fact, there is some evidence that as more youth play video games, rates of youth violence have decreased.
A recent analysis finds that much of the research on violence and video games is affected by publication bias. Studies which drew the conclusions that video games lead to aggression and violence are more likely to be published. However, studies which find violent video games don't have an effect on violence are seldom to be published. As a result, large reviews of the data conclude violent video games lead to aggression without considering research to the contrary.
So what's the take-home message here There is not enough evidence that violent video games lead to aggressive behavior. That does not mean that every game is for every child. Certainly, many violent video games are scary and unfit for some kids. Understanding each child's needs and creating a plan that sets out rules for media use and monitors kids' activities on screens are proper solutions.
(1) The writer mentions the game Fortnite to .
A．introduce the latest video game
B．show the popularity of the game
C．lead in the topic of violent gaming
D．share the skills of winning the game
(2) What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Harmful effects of violent video games.
B．Reasons of playing violent video games.
C．The aggressive behaviors in violent games.
D．The research process of the violent games.
(3) The word "bias" in Paragraph 4 probably means .
A．common practice B．unfair preference
C．unusual experience D．serious misunderstanding
(4) The writer probably agrees that .
A．children should stay away from video games
B．violent video games lead to aggressive behaviors
C．crimes increase with the popularity of violent gaming
D．children need to be guided when playing video games
Volunteers Are Needed
Clean People's Park! We need five volunteers who are strong and can help clean up People's Park. We need help to collect rubbish. If you are free for four hours this weekend, come and join us! Tele: 0398-8651518 Email: Teach music! We need three volunteers to work as music teachers in SOS Children's Villages. You need to be good at singing and dancing, and open-minded with a loving heart. If you are free for two hours every Sunday, join us! Tele: 0398-8858518 Email:
Help old people! We need four volunteers to help at Xinxin Nursing Home. You need to be good with older people. Your job is to wash clothes for them. If you can spare three hours on May 6, come and join us! Tele: 0398-8656869 Email: Do some gardening! We need two volunteers to work in Xinghai Garden. You need to be good at gardening. We need help from 2 PM to 4 PM every Saturday. If you are free for two hours every Saturday, join us! Tele: 0398-8858416 Email:
(1) How many volunteers are needed in SOS Children's Villages
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
(2) The volunteers at Xinxin Nursing Home need to _____.
A．learn music B．wash clothes C．collect rubbish D．grow flowers
(3) If you want to do some gardening, you can call _____.
A．0398-8858416 B．0398-8858518 C．0398-8656869 D．0398-8651518
Hello, my name is Jimmy. One day my eighth grade friend said that he was taking the school geography bee (比赛) written test the next day. Something in his tone told me that he was not looking forward to the bee. I could not understand! It sounded like a lot of fun to me.
All day, I found myself wishing I was in middle school, so I could take part in the geography bee. During my lunch break I walked up to my social studies teacher's classroom and asked her if I could take part in the bee for middle school. But she did hesitate (犹豫) a bit because I was too young, just a primary school pupil. I told her that I really love to learn about our earth, its rivers, mountains, all the human cultures on it. She was still not sure but finally said, "yes." I jumped at once!
That next morning I was going to be in the school bee as a participant (参赛者) and learn things I was really interested in. I was not nervous one bit, instead just very excited to be doing something I really loved. We had four written rounds—two on the United States and two on the world. I did surprisingly well and placed on the top ten, beating some of the strong seventh and eighth graders. I lost in the oral round the next day, but won my teacher's attention. I came home and looked up the answers to the questions that I and other students lost on.
I placed second in my school the following year, but more importantly, I realized that I really loved geography and enjoyed the time I spent learning it. I may have lost that first bee, but I won the world; a love for that world; love to explore that world—one country, one mountain, one river, one landform at a time; and that is certainly the biggest win for me truly!
(1) Jimmy was a(n) .
A．eighth grader B．geography teacher
C．primary school pupil D．middle school worker
(2) When the teacher agreed to let Jimmy take part in the geography bee, he was .
A．surprised B．worried C．excited D．nervous
(3) After Jimmy's first geography bee, we can infer .
A．he fell in love with geography
B．he felt excited to take part in bees
C．he felt sorry to lose the geography bee
D．he found it hard to learn geography well
Living and dealing with kids can be a hard job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be even harder.
If I have learned anything in my 16 years, it is that communication is very important, both when you disagree and when you get along well. With any relationship, you need to let other person know how you are feeling. If you are not able to communicate, you drift apart (疏远). When you are mad at your parents, or anyone else, not talking to them doesn't solve anything.
Communication begins with the concern (关心) for another. It means that you can't just come home from school, go up to your room and ignore (不理睬) everyone. Even if you just say "Hi", and see how their day was for five minutes, it is better than nothing.
If you looked up the word "communication" in a dictionary, it would say "the exchange of ideas, the expression of information, correspondence (通信), means of communication: a letter or a message". To keep a good relationship, you must keep communication strong. Let people know how you feel, even if it's just by writing a note.
When dealing with parents, you always have to make them feel good about how they are doing as a parent. If you are trying to make them see something as you see it, tell them that you'll listen to what they have to say, but ask them politely to listen to you. Yelling or walking away only makes the situation worse.
This is an example: one night, Sophie went to a street party with her friends. She knew she had to be home by midnight after the fireworks, but she didn't feel she could just ask to go home. That would be rude. After all, they had been nice enough to take her along with them. Needless to say, she was late getting home. Her parents were mad at first, not when Sophie explained why she was late, they weren't as mad and let the incident munication is the key factor here. If Sophie's parents had not been willing to listen, Sophie would have been in a lot of trouble.
Communication isn't a one-way deal: it goes both ways. Just remember: if you get into a situation like Sophie's, telling the other person how you feel—listening is the key factor to communication.
(1) In the writer's view, dealing with parents is than with children.
A．more difficult B．easier C．more important D．funnier
(2) From Paragraph 6 we can learn that .
A．getting home late would cause much trouble
B．leaving the party early would be rude to friends
C．communication is the key to keeping friendship
D．communication is the solution to misunderstanding
(3) The writer probably agrees that .
A．you should write a note to let your parents know how you feel
B．you are willing to talk to your parents shows your care for them
C．you always have to listen to your parents to make them feel good
D．you don't need to communication with parents when you get on well
There is an argument about whether or not boys and girls should be able to play sports on the same team. This can be a particularly tricky argument, but in the end, the benefits of coed (男女同校的) sports outweigh any negative aspects.
"It is a well-known fact that boys are built to be stronger and bigger than girls. However, that does not mean that girls are too fragile (脆弱的) to play sports with boys," says Madeline R. She's right. Boys are naturally built to be stronger, but girls can still compete with boys. In 2013, over 1,500 girls played boy football, and some were the best on their team.
Both boys and girls can gain skills from playing with and against the opposite gender (性别). A girl playing sports with boys will help the girl improve, making her stronger, tougher, faster, and more powerful as an athlete than she would have been playing with girls. Boys can also gain new skills from girls, becoming more agile and flexible (灵活的).
Playing in coed sports might not be for every girl; some might be more comfortable playing sports with the same gender. But girls that have the physical ability, sports skills, confidence, and desire to compete with boys should have the choice to play coed sports. During an interview, Katie Smith, a Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) star, talked about how she always played with boys when she was young. She recognized early on that boys provided her with the best competition to improve her skills.
There are many social benefits, too. According to Laura E. Berk, a child psychologist, sometime kids aged between 9 and 11 will begin to develop gender stereotypes (性别刻板印象). Playing coed sports can help prevent gender stereotypes, and learning to view the opposite gender as a friend and not something frightening is something that can be useful throughout life.
It increases a girl's confidence level, too. Letting girls compete with boys enhances their view of themselves and makes them more flexible. "Sports for girls has many benefits, including better grades, better body image, less depression and a higher chance of graduating from high school," says Leigh R. She's right, and the improvement in all of these areas will increase if girls can play with and against boys.
These are all reasons why boys and girls should be able to play sports together on the same team. While it might not be for everyone, there are definitely people out there that are looking to improve their game, and coed sports is an excellent way to do that.
(1) The writer talks about Katie Smith to .
A．introduce a popular basketball star
B．stress the great differences among girls
C．show benefits of playing in coed sports
D．suggest good ways of choosing activities
(2) The underlined words "enhances their view of themselves" in Paragraph 6 probably mean " ".
A．makes them worry about themselves
B．makes them pleased with themselves
C．helps them take good care of themselves
D．helps them know better about themselves
(3) What can we learn from the passage
A．Coed sports can make girls stronger than boys.
B．Playing coed sports can help develop gender stereotypes.
C．Both boys and girls can gain skills from playing in coed sports.
D．Playing coed sports would prevent girls from learning at school.
(4) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Are the Boys Really Stronger than the Girls
B．Can Playing in Coed Sports Do Good to Every Girl
C．Does Playing Coed Sports Increase a Girl's Confidence Level
D．Should Boys and Girls Be Allowed to Play Sports on the Same Team
答案
一、阅读理解题（共15题）
1. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) B
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“The three men cut truckloads of wood—then give it to those in need. 这三个人砍了一卡车的木头，然后把它们给那些需要帮助的人。”可知，Shane和他的儿子们通过给有需要的邻居送柴火来帮助他们。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。由第四段第一、二句“The response (反应) was immediate. One man offered to donate (捐赠) a wood-burning stove. 立即得到了回应。一名男子提出捐赠一个燃木火炉。”可知，Shane在网上发布消息后，很快就有一些好心人伸出了援手。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“"Giving is the reward," he said. "It has nothing to do with how well it's received; it's about how much it's needed." 他说：‘给予就是奖赏，这和它被收到多少无关；而是与它有多急需有关。’”可知，Shane认为被他人需要的感觉驱使着他伸出援手。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、推理判断、其他人 (Other people)、记叙文
2. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) D
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是主旨大意题。通读第二段尤其是第四句“But none of this will be possible if the work is not shared. 但如果工作不被分享，这一切都不可能实现。”可知，第二段主要介绍了分享科研结果很重要的原因。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。由第五段最后一句“By working together with an expert, young reviewers read the article to see if any part of the article is hard to understand, make it clear why the experiment was done in the way it was done, and check whether the figures (数据) clearly explain the point of the article. 通过与专家一起工作，年轻的评论家们阅读文章，看看文章的任何部分是否难以理解，弄清楚为什么要这样做实验，并检查图表是否清楚地解释了文章的观点。”可推知，年轻的“评论家们”可以帮助专家找到并弄清楚文章中晦涩难懂的地方，从而让《新思前沿》杂志中的文章更易于阅读。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段第一句“Basically, these young reviewers learn to think like scientists. 基本上，这些年轻的评论家学会像科学家一样思考。”可知，作者写本文的目的是鼓励年轻人像科学家一样思考和沟通。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】说明文、推理判断、研究 (Studies and researches)、主旨大意
3. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) C
(3) B
(4) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。由第四段第一句“The use of plans and habits changes over the course of our lives. 计划和习惯的使用在我们的生活中不断变化。”可知，利用计划或习惯来做决定是一个不断变化的过程。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。由第五段第三句“The reason that wisdomseems to come out so effortlessly from well-seasoned minds is that they have a store of habitual information about how to act in a given situation. 智慧似乎能从经验丰富的头脑中毫不费力地流露出来，其原因在于他们储存了关于在特定情况下如何行动的习惯性信息。”可知，老年人似乎更聪明，因为他们掌握了更多的习惯性信息。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是词义猜测题。由第五段第二句“Well，it suggests that wisdom is interactive, not static: it is a relationship between a person and their surroundings(环境). 这表明智慧是互动的，而不是静态的：它是一个人和周围环境之间的一种关系”可知，智慧与外部环境之间是相互作用的，它不是固定不变的，它是个人与周围环境之间的一种关系。由此可推知，static意为“不改变的”，与B项意思一致。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(4) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段最后一句“It's not that we necessarily get wiser as we get older, but we put ourselves in fewer situations where we are likely to make mistakes. 随着年龄的增长，我们不一定会变得更聪明，但我们会让自己处于更少可能犯错的环境中。”可知，智慧并不会随着年龄的增加而增加，但它会使我们更少犯错。因此作者写这篇文章是为了提醒我们理性地看待老年人的智慧。故选 D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、推理判断、科普知识 (Popular science)、猜测词义
4. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) B
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据Spring Equinox 部分第一句“It starts around March 21st. 它大约始于3月21日。”可知，春分始于3月21日前后。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据Summer Solstice 部分第二句“To celebrate Summer Solstice,people often give colored fans to each other because fans can help them cool down. 为了庆祝夏至，人们经常互相赠送彩色扇子，因为扇子可以帮助他们降温。”可知，为了庆祝夏至，人们会互赠彩扇。故选 B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据 Winter Solstice 部分第二句“It marks the arrival of the coldest season in the year. 它标志着一年中最冷的季节的到来。”可知，冬至标志着一年中最冷的季节到了。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、社会文化 (Social Culture)
5. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) B
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：（第一段第二句中）You should hand in your book report next Monday. 你应该在下星期一交读书报告。可知，Hayes 老师提醒他的学生写读书报告。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：（倒数第三段最后一句）So she lost several hours to read, which made her even more worried. 所以她失去了几个小时的阅读时间，这使她更加担心。可知，参加完星期六的足球比赛后，由于所剩的时间不多，Katy感到更加焦虑。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是倒数第二段可知，Katy做事拖拉，总把事情拖到最后才去做，最后她明白了不该将工作拖到最后一刻的道理。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、推理判断、其他人 (Other people)、记叙文
6. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) A
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“Researchers changed the make-up of short and long wavelength light, which provided a small difference in brightness, as well as changes in color. 研究人员改变了短波长和长波长光的组成，使得亮度和颜色有了微小的差别。”及第三段最后一句“The team used specially designed lighting to change color without changing brightness. 该团队使用了特别设计的照明，在不改变亮度的情况下改变颜色。”可知，这两段主要展示了蓝光研究中使用的方法的进展。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。通读第四至六段尤其是第六段第四句“This is because the small changes in brightness they produce come along with colors that are commonly seen during the day. 这是因为它们产生的微小亮度变化与白天常见的颜色相一致。”可知，新的研究发现表明，光线的亮度和颜色都会影响人体的生物钟。由此可推知，设计者应把光线的强弱和光线的颜色都考虑进去。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段中的“Different from common belief, blue light may not have a strong negative effect as people thought—according to the scientists from the University of Manchester. 与人们普遍认为的不同，蓝光可能不会像人们认为的那样产生强烈的负面影响——根据曼彻斯特大学的科学家的研究。”可知，蓝光对我们睡眠模式的危害并没有人们想象的那么大。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】说明文、推理判断、科普知识 (Popular science)
7. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) C
(3) D
(4) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是词义猜测题。根据第五段前三句“This approach also prevents surprises. It's not uncommon to see someone suddenly removed from a team. They may have deserved it, but with a kind leader, they wouldn't have been caught off-guar, 'because they would have been receiving open, honest, continuous and clear judgment of their performance. 这种方法还可以防止意外。突然有人从团队中被开除并不少见。他们可能是罪有应得，但有个善良的领导，他们不会措手不及，因为他们会得到公开、诚实、持续和清晰的评价。”可知，给团队成员一个清晰的反馈可以防止意外发生。有人突然从团队中被除名并不少见，或许他们应该得到这样的对待，但如果有一个善良的领导，他们就不会猝不及防地被除名。由此可推知，画线部分应意为“始料未及，猝不及防”，与B项表达一致。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。通读第四段和最后一段可知，Sophia 没有对Nathan的工作表现做出明确的反馈，使情况变得更糟，但如果Sophia有不同的心态，她可能会让自己和Nathan 获得双赢。由此可推知，领导和团队成员进行开诚布公的沟通交流是很有必要的。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读第三段尤其是第三句“What they really need is feedback from their leaders. 他们真正需要的是领导者的反馈。”可知，人们真正需要的是领导对他工作表现的真实反馈。由此可推知，作者认为Sophia 应该对 Nathan 的工作表现做出明确的评价。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(4) 此题是最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章通过描述Sophia 和 Nathan 之间的故事告诉我们：作为领导，处理好与团队成员的关系固然重要，但不能只充当“好人”，应及时对其工作表现做出明确的评价和反馈，从而使其处于最合适的位置，并且更有效率地工作。A项可以概括本文大意，适合做标题。故选 A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】推理判断、其他人 (Other people)、记叙文、猜测词义、最佳标题
8. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) C
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：(Kicking stone balls) kicking a stone ball around was a popular game in the northern part of China 在中国北方，踢石球是一项很流行的运动。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：(Playing hide-and-seek) more commonly, others hide and one child must try to find them 更常见的情况是，其他人躲起来，一个孩子必须设法找到他们。由此可知，捉迷藏游戏通常玩法是其他人躲藏，一个人尽力找到他们。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：(Watching shadow plays (皮影戏)) The closest thing to watching a film during ancient times was going to see a shadow play. 在古代，最接近看电影的莫过于看皮影戏了。由此可知，在古代观看皮影戏非常接近现在看电影。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、娱乐活动 (Entertainment)、说明文
9. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) C
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“To his shock, he found the glass of his grandfather's favorite watch broken.”可知，Simon 把爷爷最喜欢的手表摔碎了。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句“The next morning, Simon got up early. He gathered courage to go and admit his mistake to his grandfather.”可知，第二天清晨，Simon鼓起勇气向爷爷主动承认了错误。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段第二句“It is brave to admit your mistake.”可知，文章通过这个故事让我们学会勇敢地承认自己的错误。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、推理判断、其他人 (Other people)、记叙文
10. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) B
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：A recent study performed by Washington State University (WSU) has proved that petting cats and dogs for just ten minutes is an effective way to reduce stress levels. 华盛顿州立大学最近进行的一项研究证明，只要抚摸猫狗十分钟，就能有效地减轻压力水平。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Whether people walk their dogs because they need it, or are more likely to enjoy a walk when they have companionship, dog owners do spend more time walking than non-pet owners. 不管人们遛狗是因为需要，还是因为有陪伴时更喜欢散步，养狗的人的确比不养宠物的人花更多时间散步。
因此， 正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：While human friends provide great social support, furry friends like cats and dogs can come with some great benefits. 虽然人类朋友提供了很大的社会支持，但是像猫和狗这样的毛茸茸的朋友也能带来很大的好处。通读全文可知，文章主要是为了告诉我们养宠物的好处。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、推理判断、动物、植物与其他生物 (Animals and plants and other creatures)
11. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) A
(3) B
(4) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段最后一句“Do violent video games lead to real life violence ”可知，文章整体都在讨论暴力游戏是否有害。由此可推知，作者提到目前这个比较流行的游戏是为了引出讨论的话题。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是主旨大意题。通读第二段可知，本段主要讲述了研究表明暴力游戏会带来现实生活中的暴力行为，即暴力游戏会对人们产生负面影响。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是词义猜测题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，那些认为视频游戏会导致攻击性行为的研究往往会更容易被出版，因此被人们熟知，而认为视频游戏不会有影响的研究却很少被出版。由此可推知，画线词应意为“偏见，不公正的喜爱”，与B项表达一致。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(4) 此题是推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Understanding each child's needs and creating a plan that sets out rules for media use and monitors kids' activities on screens are proper solutions.”可知，作者认为理解孩子的需求，制定媒体适用的规则和监控孩子玩电脑的行为才是合适的解决方法。与D项观点一致。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】成长 (Growing up)、议论文、推理判断、主旨大意、猜测词义
12. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) B
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：We need three volunteers to work as music teachers in SOS Children's Villages. 我们需要三个志愿者在SOS儿童村做音乐教师。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：We need four volunteers to help at Xinxin Nursing Home. You need to be good with older people. Your job is to wash clothes for them. 我们需要四名志愿者在Xinxin敬老院帮忙。你需要和老年人友好相处。你的工作是给他们洗衣服。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：We need two volunteers to work in Xinghai Garden. You need to be good at gardening. Tele: 0398-8858416 我们需要两名志愿者在Xinghai花园工作。你需要擅长园艺。电话：0398-8858416。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、广告 (Advertisement)、应用文
13. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) C
(3) A
14. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) D
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Living and dealing with kids can be a hard job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be even harder. 现今和孩子住一起、和孩子相处是件难事，但是和父母住一起、和父母相处甚至更难。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处： Communication is the key factor here. 交流在这是个重要因素。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是观点态度题。答案出处：Communication begins with the concern (关心) for another. 交流始于对别人的关心。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】细节理解、麻烦与问题 (Troubles and problems)、观点态度、记叙文
15. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) D
(3) C
(4) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：During an interview, Katie Smith, a Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) star, talked about how she always played with boys when she was young. She recognized early on that boys provided her with the best competition to improve her skills. 在一次采访中，美国女子篮球协会（WNBA）的明星Katie Smith谈到了她小的时候是如何和男孩一起打球的。她很早就意识到，男孩子为她提供了提高技能的最佳竞赛。由此推断，作者提及Katie Smith的例子是为了佐证那女一同运动是有好处的。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。答案出处：It increases a girl's confidence level, too. Letting girls compete with boys enhances their view of themselves and makes them more flexible. 这也提高一个女孩的信心水平。让女孩和男孩比赛帮助她们更好了解自己，使他们更灵活。由划线前一句可知答案。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Both boys and girls can gain skills from playing with and against the opposite gender (性别). 男生和女生可以从与异性比赛中而获得技能。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) 此题是最佳标题题。答案出处：There is an argument about whether or not boys and girls should be able to play sports on the same team. 有一个关于男女生是否能够在同一个队伍中运动的争论。文章开头点出大意，由此可知文章讨论的话题是：男女生是否应该被允许在同一个队伍中运动。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、议论文、推理判断、猜测词义、最佳标题、运动 (Sports and exercise)
一、阅读理解题
This Family Keeps Their Community Warm by Cutting Firewood for Those in Need
Washington is home to lots of trees—it is the Evergreen State, after all—and it has lots of fireplaces and wood-burning heaters too. But what if you lived there and couldn't cut wood or couldn't afford to pay someone to do it Luckily, Shane McDaniel and his twin sons, Harrison and Henry McDaniel, are happy to help. The three men cut truckloads of wood—then give it to those in need.
The idea actually started as a father-son relationship project, Shane told msn.com. "I cut wood with my dad. He just loved doing it," said Shane. He wanted to pass along that feeling, so he and the twins spent the summer cutting. The result was a great wall of wood piled up (堆积) around their house. To buy that much it would cost about ＄10,000.
It was too much for the McDaniels to use themselves, and when the weather turned cold that November, Shane started thinking of others. He posted online: "IF YOU ARE IN NEED OF FIREWOOD AND CANNOT AFFORD IT, PLEASE PM [personal message] ME! If you know someone who BURNS WOOD, please help me and my boys make sure NO ONE GOES COLD IN OUR NEIGHBORHOOD."
The response (反应) was immediate. One man offered to donate (捐赠) a wood-burning stove. Others raced over to Shane's house with more wood. One woman, noticing the photo of the McDaniels, started to feel warm in other ways: "I don't need the wood. But I am truly happy for what you have done!"
Single mom Katelyn Ticer, 29, and her four-year-old daughter depended on a wood-burning stove as their only way of heat, so it was so good to receive a truckload of firewood from the McDaniels. "To get that much wood brought me to tears," she told msn.com. "So much stress and worry is off my shoulders, I couldn't be more thankful."
Shane is ready to help more people. "Giving is the reward," he said. "It has nothing to do with how well it's received; it's about how much it's needed."
(1) What did Shane and his sons do to help their neighbors
A．They gave firewood to those in need.
B．They bought
wood-burning stoves.
C．They raised about 10000 dollars.
D．They paid someone to cut wood.
(2) What happened after Shane posted messages online
A．His family
received lots of
presents.
B．Some people quickly offered to help.
C．Lots of wood piled up around their house.
D．The weather suddenly turned freezing cold.
(3) What did Shane think of what he had done to help others
A．Being needed drives us to give.
B．Love is not giving but receiving.
C．Helping others is just helping ourselves.
D．It's better to help people fish than to give them fish.
It Is Never Too Early to Think—and Communicate—Like a Scientist
Who is a scientist and what is his job A chemist doing experiments A geologist out studying rocks When most people think about science, they imagine characters making discoveries or finding cures (治疗方法) for new diseases. However, these leave out an extremely important part of the scientific process: communicating—sharing the results of that work.
Imagine if someone discovered something important about a disease. Other scientists need to understand the work well enough to use these new developments to make even more discoveries in the future. The public, too, needs to understand how these discoveries might influence their lives. But none of this will be possible if the work is not shared. Being a scientist goes far beyond the moment of discovery.
Without clear communication, scientists would not be able to use the work that has already been done. So how do scientists tell others about the work that they have done How do they make sure that everything that they share is as clear and correct as possible
Researchers publish their work in scientific journals (期刊). These journals can be read by other researchers around the world. It is very important for these journals, and for the scientists who read them, to make sure that the research included is as correct as possible. In order to do that, articles given to scientific journals before publication first go through a process called peer review. Other scientists who do research in areas related to the work in an article are asked to read through it. Scientists also provide feedback to the writers. They bring up new questions the writer may not have considered, recognize limitations to the results being described, and also make sure that no mistakes were made during the process.
Frontiers for Young Minds is a scientific journal, written for—and reviewed by—young people. All of the articles in it are based on works already published in a peer reviewed scientific journal. However, while scientists are good at making sure that articles are understandable for other scientists, there are no better experts to make sure that something can be understood by young people than the young people themselves. By working together with an expert, young reviewers read the article to see if any part of the article is hard to understand, make it clear why the experiment was done in the way it was done, and check whether the figures (数据) clearly explain the point of the article.
Basically, these young reviewers learn to think like scientists. It is never too early to start! Ask questions, learn new things, and don't forget the importance of communicating your findings.
(1) What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．What is required to be a good scientist.
B．Who should understand a scientist's job.
C．Why sharing the results of scientific work is important.
D．How scientists make sure their work is clear and correct.
(2) From the passage we can know that .
A．scientists are good at working together with others
B．young people usually enjoy reading scientific journals
C．in peer review, other scientists bring up questions to readers
D．young reviewers help make articles in Frontiers for Young Minds more readable
(3) What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
A．To introduce how scientists do their jobs.
B．To offer practical advice on how to ask scientific questions.
C．To explain the effects of peer review on scientific journals.
D．To encourage young people to think and communicate like scientists.
Why Wisdom (智慧) Doesn't Work as Well as We Think It Does
We relate wisdom to age. Most of us believe that gaining wisdom is like picking up stones on a path: the longer you're on the path, the more stones you'll collect.
It seems a reasonable inference, then, the older you are, the more wisdom you have. Older people usually make fewer careless mistakes, and they often know the best course of action in a given situation. But I think there's another explanation at play here, which we might consider in the light of what we know about human decision-making.
There are two different ways of decision-making; plans and habits. Here's an example of how these ways differ. If you're driving somewhere for the first time, you'll need a plan. You will need to know whether to turn left or right, because you don't already have that information stored away in your head. On the other hand, you don't need a plan when you're going somewhere familiar (熟悉的) because the order of steps that will take you there is stored as a habit. But if you find that the road is blocked by fallen trees, you'll have to think about another way. Such a plan allows you to more easily deal with new situations, but they require a lot more attention.
The use of plans and habits changes over the course of our lives. A baby can't use habits to make decisions, because any situation she's in will be a new one. As we build up a store of familiar situations, the more we can depend on habits. The older you are, the more likely your behavior is based on tried-and-true habits rather than fresh planning.
But what does this tell us about wisdom Well, it suggests that wisdom is interactive, not static: it is a relationship between a person and their surroundings (环境). The reason that wisdom seems to come out so effortlessly from well-seasoned minds is that they have a store of habitual information about how to act in a given situation.
But it also makes a worrying prediction: if older people were put in a new situation, with which they had no familiarity, they wouldn't make better decisions than someone who is young. It is the same with mistakes. Older, seemingly wiser people make fewer mistakes because they're familiar with surroundings they often deal with. If you controlled for the familiarity of the situation, then people in different age groups would probably make the same number of mistakes. Younger people might even make fewer mistakes, because they are better at coming up with fresh plans.
While wisdom gives you expertise within a particular environment, it doesn't mean that you'll be able to generalize that to new experiences. It's not that we necessarily get wiser as we get older, but we put ourselves in fewer situations where we are likely to make mistakes.
(1) What do we know about the two ways of decision-making according to the passage
A．Using plans or habits to make decisions is an ever-changing process.
B．The use of plans and habits requires lots of attention and effort.
C．When going somewhere familiar, we need to work out a plan.
D．Younger people depend more on habits to make decisions.
(2) What can we learn from the passage
A．Younger people have a great advantage in becoming wiser.
B．Older people are better at making careful plans before action.
C．Older people seem wiser because they've stored more habitual information.
D．Younger people make more mistakes when they're in unfamiliar surroundings.
(3) What does the underlined word "static" probably mean in Paragraph 5
A．Uncontrolled. B．Unchanged. C．Increasing. D．Surprising.
(4) What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
A．To stress the importance of gaining wisdom.
B．To compare the two different ways of decision-making.
C．To call on younger people to learn more from older people.
D．To remind us to view the wisdom of older people reasonably.
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. In the ancient days, they were important instructions for the farming production as well as people's daily lives. Here are four solar terms and some details about them.
Spring Equinox It starts around March 21st. During this time, swallows fly back to the north. It is also a good time for people to fly kites and eat spring vegetables.
Summer Solstice It begins around June 21st. To celebrate Summer Solstice, people often give colored fans to each other because fans can help them cool down.
Autumn Equinox It starts around September 23rd. From Autumn Equinox, most of the areas in China will enter the cool autumn. It is a season for people to eat crabs and enjoy chrysanthemums (菊花).
Winter Solstice It begins around December 22nd. It marks the arrival of the coldest season in the year. People usually make and eat dumplings with their family members.
(1) Spring Equinox begins around .
A．March 21st B．June 21st C．September 23rd D．December 22nd
(2) To celebrate Summer Solstice, people .
A．eat spring vegetables B．give each other colored fans
C．enjoy chrysanthemums D．make and eat dumplings
(3) marks the arrival of the coldest season in the year.
A．Spring Equinox B．Summer Solstice
C．Autumn Equinox D．Winter Solstice
Katy's Book Report
It was Monday afternoon. Pointing to the blackboard, Mr. Hayes reminded his students, "You should hand in your book report next Monday."
Katy said in a low voice, "I haven't started yet."
Tom looked surprised, "I've already finished reading mine."
"We still have a whole week," Katy said. "There's plenty of time. I will start reading it tonight right after the soccer practice."
But Katy was too tired to read after the soccer practice. "I'll start the book tomorrow," she told herself.
Tuesday came. Katy watched TV for a few hours, and then worked on her coin collection until bedtime. "It's too late to read now," Katy decided. "Tomorrow, I'll start it for sure."
On Wednesday, Tom warned her not to leave things until the last minute.
"It's not the last minute," Katy told him. "I still have four whole days left."
Unfortunately, she had to clean up her messy room first. Then, she was too tired to read. So Katy put off starting her book until Thursday.
Katy finally began reading her book on Thursday. It was so hard that she had read only a few pages by bedtime.
On Friday night, Katy gave up watching her favorite video, for she had to read her book. Then on Saturday morning, she went on reading it.
"At least I have the whole weekend," she thought. However, she forgot her soccer game! So she lost several hours to read, which made her even more worried.
Katy read for the rest of Saturday, and she thought to herself, "I wish I'd started it earlier, like Tom!"
Katy finally finished reading her book on Sunday morning and stayed up writing her book report until midnight. She looked tired and nervous, thinking to herself, "I think this project has taught me an important lesson."
(1) What did Mr. Hayes remind his students to work on
A．A video game. B．A soccer practice.
C．A book report. D．A coin collection.
(2) How did Katy feel after the soccer game on Saturday
A．Bored. B．Worried. C．Shocked. D．Disappointed.
(3) What lesson has Katy got from the project
A．She should read more hooks.
B．She should learn more writing skills.
C．She shouldn't compare herself with others.
D．She shouldn't leave her work to the last minute.
Different from common belief, blue light may not have a strong negative effect as people thought—according to the scientists from the University of Manchester.
It's known that our body clock measures brightness through melanopsin (黑素蛋白), a specialized light sensitive protein in the eye. So there has been lots of interest in studying the influence of light on the body clock. Researchers changed the make-up of short and long wavelength light, which provided a small difference in brightness, as well as changes in color. Findings suggested blue light might be troublesome to our sleep patterns.
The new research, however, used a different method, since the changes in color may oppose the benefits from reducing the brightness signals detected (探测) by melanopsin. The team used specially designed lighting to change color without changing brightness.
Findings of the new research showed that blue colors produced weaker effects on the subjects' body clock than equally bright yellow colors. "Our recognition of color comes from the retinal cone cells (视网膜锥形细胞), and the blue color signals they supply reduce the influence of light on the body clock," explained the lead researcher. "The research shows the common view that blue light has the strongest effect on the body clock is misguided."
According to the team, using dim (昏暗的), cooler lights in the evening and bright warmer lights during the day may be more beneficial to ensure healthy patterns of sleep. Twilight (暮光) is both dimmer and bluer than daylight and the body clock uses both of those features to decide on the proper times to be asleep and awake.
The findings have important suggestions for the design of lighting and visual displays which aim to promote people's sleep patterns. Present technologies are mostly designed to limit our evening exposure to blue light by changing the screen color of mobile devices. The technology, however, may send the body clock mixed messages. This is because the small changes in brightness they produce come along with colors that are commonly seen during the day. So there's more for the designers to take into consideration.
Setting our body clocks in line with our social and work schedules can be good for our health, and using color correctly could be a way to help us better achieve that.
(1) The writer mentions different research methods in Paragraphs 2 and 3 to .
A．suggest how the data of the research should be collected
B．explain why the findings of the old research are reasonable
C．discuss possible ways of studying the influence of blue light
D．show the progress in the methods used in the studies of blue light
(2) According to the new findings, what should the designers take into consideration
A．The changes in both colors and brightness.
B．The influence of the daylight on sleep patterns.
C．The suggestions on the proper use of mobile devices.
D．The balance between technologies and the body clock.
(3) What can we learn from the new research
A．Blue light cannot be easily detected by the body clock.
B．Blue light has the weakest effect on people's body clock.
C．Blue light is not as harmful to their sleep patterns as people thought.
D．Blue light benefits people more in their sleep patterns than yellow light.
Sophia is smart, talented and incredibly nice. As a team leader, she wishes Nathan, a member of her history project, did his part as required. But rather than criticize him, Sophia offered polite encouragement trying to push him instead, only to find that Nathan kept falling behind. It ended up that other team members, who had to take on more work, complained about both Sophia and Nathan, while Nathan himself complained that he was not treated fairly.
How did poor Sophia get into this mess The primary reason was that Sophia failed in a key aspect of leadership—the duty to provide clear feedback (反馈) for team members. This isn't simply a duty but a correctness.
Failing to question or criticize Nathan's work, Sophia was in fact unkind. Many people are not a failure, like Nathan in this case; they're just in the wrong place, and still left in the dark. What they really need is feedback from their leaders. However, Sophia, in this case, withheld a gift from Nathan.
"You'd better use open, honest, continuous and clear feedback," says Harry Kraemer, a professor of management and strategy at Northwestern University, "to help figure out someone's best fit—in their particular job or in the organization."
This approach also prevents surprises. It's not uncommon to see someone suddenly removed from a team. They may have deserved it, but with a kind leader, they wouldn't have been caught off-guard, because they would have been receiving open, honest, continuous and clear judgment of their performance.
Then why is it so hard for leaders to give good feedback "We like to be liked," Kraemer says. So we avoid anything that may cause unpleasantness, but that kind of feedback usually helps members find the right place for them. "If you like to be liked, the chance of being respected is extremely low. However, if you start off focusing on being respected, you have a chance of being liked," Kraemer adds. The most difficult part for the leader, of course, involves criticizing someone. That is what a nice leader finds hard.
Back to Sophia's case. Not telling Nathan how he was on the team only made a hard situation worse. But with a different mindset, she could have set herself and Nathan up for success.
(1) The expression "caught off-guard" in Paragraph 5 probably means "_____".
A．kicked out carelessly B．treated unexpectedly
C．sent out unfairly D．guided effortlessly
(2) The writer probably agrees that _____.
A．being nice to team members is likely to win leaders great respect
B．criticizing team members results in serious complaints to the leader
C．open and honest communication is a must for leaders and team members
D．praise and encouragement from leaders bring out better team performance
(3) According to the writer, what Sophia should do is _____.
A．patiently encouraging Nathan to try his best
B．gradually having Nathan dropped out of the project
C．politely showing Nathan the improvement he made
D．clearly telling Nathan her judgment of his performance
(4) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．To be nice or to be kind
B．To be liked or to be criticized
C．Is it necessary for leaders to be pleasing
D．Is it helpful for leaders to be demanding
Children's Games in Ancient China
During ancient times, children didn't have much to enjoy themselves. However, they came up with interesting games to play in their childhood.
Kicking stone balls During the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular game in the northern part of China, and it was often played in winter to keep warm.
Playing hide-and-seek Hide-and-seek is a traditional game for children, popular around the nation. There are two ways to play: covering a child's eyes while other kids run around to tease (戏弄) him or, more commonly, others hide and one child must try to find them.
Flying kites Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood, instead of paper. The three most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and Weifang kite. Each has its own feature. For example, the bird-shaped kite with long wings is a special kind of the Beijing kite.
Watching shadow plays ( The closest thing to watching a film during ancient times was going to see a shadow play. The artists control puppets (木偶) behind the screen and tell stories to the music.
(1) According to the text, the game of kicking a stone ball was _____.
A．played in summer B．like flying kites
C．invented in Beijing D．popular in North China
(2) How is hide-and-seek usually played
A．One plays and others watch.
B．Others laugh and one must cry.
C．Others hide and one tries to find.
D．One runs and others try to catch.
(3) Which ancient game is like watching a film
A．Kicking stone balls. B．Flying kites.
C．Playing hide-and-seek. D．Watching shadow plays.
Simon was a curious (好奇的) boy. He lived with his grandfather. One night, he secretly entered the store room where his grandfather kept his priceless antiques (古董).
Simon stood on a chair. He lifted the box where his grandfather had kept many wrist-watches. While getting down from the chair, the box slipped out of his hands and fell onto the floor. To his shock, he found the glass of his grandfather's favorite watch broken. Simon got frightened. He picked up the pieces of glass. He put the broken watch back into the box and placed the box back on the shelf. He could not sleep that night.
The next morning, Simon got up early. He gathered courage to go and admit his mistake to his grandfather. He told grandfather everything. The grandfather looked thoughtful. He did not say anything and went over to the store room. Simon kept standing with his head down.
Having returned from the store room the grandfather said to Simon. "I felt very angry when you had broken my precious watch. Your grandmother gifted it to me on our first wedding anniversary. But you need not worry. Only the glass is broken, I shall have it replaced."
Simon felt relieved (释然的). After some time, his grandfather went into the kitchen and brought a glass of milk to him. And said, "It was brave enough of you to tell me the truth. You knew that I would scold (责骂) you, didn't you "
Simon said, "I was scared at first. But I didn't want to tell a lie. I should not have touched your things without your permission."
"Don't be scared to own up your mistake," Grandfather said. "It is brave to admit your mistake. You may be scared of being scolded. But it is the only way for you to be free from guilt (愧疚)."
(1) What did Simon break
A．A cup. B．A chair. C．A watch. D．A mirror.
(2) The next morning Simon got up early and .
A．asked his uncle for help B．hid himself in the store room
C．told the truth to his grandfather D．cleaned the whole room carefully
(3) What can we learn from the story
A．Be brave to face your mistake.
B．Be confident to express your ideas.
C．A kind smile can give us courage.
D．A curious mind can bring us happiness.
When thinking of ways to relax in life, usually things like yoga, jogging and music come to mind. These are great, to be sure. But getting a friend can also have many benefits. While human friends provide great social support, furry friends like cats and dogs can come with some great benefits.
Pets can improve people's mood. For those who love animals, it's actually impossible to stay in a bad mood when a pair of loving puppy eyes meets yours, or when a super-soft cat rubs up against your hand. The study found that people with AIDS were less likely to suffer from deep sadness if they owned a pet.
Pets also encourage people to get out and exercise. Whether people walk their dogs because they need it, or are more likely to enjoy a walk when they have companionship, dog owners do spend more time walking than non-pet owners.
While we all know the power of talking about your problems with a good friend who is a good listener, research shows that spending time with pets may be even better! People actually experience less stress (压力) when their pets are with them than when a supportive friend is present! A recent study performed by Washington State University (WSU) has proved that petting cats and dogs for just ten minutes is an effective way to reduce stress levels. The team chose 249 students and put them into four groups. The first group was provided 10 minutes to play with dogs and cats. The second group waited in line while observing the first group. The third group watched a video of the same animals, while the fourth group was just waiting. "What we wanted to learn was whether this exposure (接触) would help students reduce their stress, and it did," said Patricia Pendry, a professor in WSU.
It's important to realize that owning a pet isn't for everyone. It does come with additional work and responsibility, which can bring its own stress. However, for most people, the advantages of having a pet outweigh the drawbacks (缺点). Having a furry best friend can reduce tress in your life and bring you support when times get tough.
(1) The study performed by WSU shows that .
A．people keep pets for fun
B．animals are good listeners
C．pets are friendlier than humans
D．petting animals helps reduce stress
(2) What can we learn from the passage
A．Pets can help doctors treat AIDS.
B．Dog owners are likely to exercise more.
C．Human friends are more supportive than pets.
D．Pet owners are more responsible than others.
(3) What is the purpose of this passage
A．To give advice on how to keep pets.
B．To draw people's attention to life stress.
C．To introduce benefits of keeping pets.
D．To share ideas on how to reduce stress.
If you know a teenager or gamer, you have probably heard about the latest video game: Fortnite. In the game, up to 100 players land into small island with guns, and then kill or hide from other players in an attempt to be the lone survivor. The main goal is to kill other players. The popularity of these types of games raises clear questions about the effects of violent (暴力的) gaming. Do violent video games lead to real life violence
The research on this question is mixed. Over the years, researchers have performed studies to find out whether violent video games lead to problems such as aggression (攻击性) and poor performance in school. Many studies have found that people who play violent video games are more likely to be involved in aggressive behavior. In fact, there was enough research leading to this conclusion (结论) that the American Psychological Association published a policy statement in 2015 concluding that playing violent video games leads to more aggressive behaviors.
But many other researchers disagree Many studies about violent crime and the use of video violent games find no evidence that increased sales of violent video games leads to an obvious growth in violent crimes. Researchers state that if violent games directly led to violent behavior, the data (数据) would show increases in violent crime on a large-scale as more people played violent games. In fact, there is some evidence that as more youth play video games, rates of youth violence have decreased.
A recent analysis finds that much of the research on violence and video games is affected by publication bias. Studies which drew the conclusions that video games lead to aggression and violence are more likely to be published. However, studies which find violent video games don't have an effect on violence are seldom to be published. As a result, large reviews of the data conclude violent video games lead to aggression without considering research to the contrary.
So what's the take-home message here There is not enough evidence that violent video games lead to aggressive behavior. That does not mean that every game is for every child. Certainly, many violent video games are scary and unfit for some kids. Understanding each child's needs and creating a plan that sets out rules for media use and monitors kids' activities on screens are proper solutions.
(1) The writer mentions the game Fortnite to .
A．introduce the latest video game
B．show the popularity of the game
C．lead in the topic of violent gaming
D．share the skills of winning the game
(2) What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Harmful effects of violent video games.
B．Reasons of playing violent video games.
C．The aggressive behaviors in violent games.
D．The research process of the violent games.
(3) The word "bias" in Paragraph 4 probably means .
A．common practice B．unfair preference
C．unusual experience D．serious misunderstanding
(4) The writer probably agrees that .
A．children should stay away from video games
B．violent video games lead to aggressive behaviors
C．crimes increase with the popularity of violent gaming
D．children need to be guided when playing video games
Volunteers Are Needed
Clean People's Park! We need five volunteers who are strong and can help clean up People's Park. We need help to collect rubbish. If you are free for four hours this weekend, come and join us! Tele: 0398-8651518 Email: Teach music! We need three volunteers to work as music teachers in SOS Children's Villages. You need to be good at singing and dancing, and open-minded with a loving heart. If you are free for two hours every Sunday, join us! Tele: 0398-8858518 Email:
Help old people! We need four volunteers to help at Xinxin Nursing Home. You need to be good with older people. Your job is to wash clothes for them. If you can spare three hours on May 6, come and join us! Tele: 0398-8656869 Email: Do some gardening! We need two volunteers to work in Xinghai Garden. You need to be good at gardening. We need help from 2 PM to 4 PM every Saturday. If you are free for two hours every Saturday, join us! Tele: 0398-8858416 Email:
(1) How many volunteers are needed in SOS Children's Villages
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
(2) The volunteers at Xinxin Nursing Home need to _____.
A．learn music B．wash clothes C．collect rubbish D．grow flowers
(3) If you want to do some gardening, you can call _____.
A．0398-8858416 B．0398-8858518 C．0398-8656869 D．0398-8651518
Hello, my name is Jimmy. One day my eighth grade friend said that he was taking the school geography bee (比赛) written test the next day. Something in his tone told me that he was not looking forward to the bee. I could not understand! It sounded like a lot of fun to me.
All day, I found myself wishing I was in middle school, so I could take part in the geography bee. During my lunch break I walked up to my social studies teacher's classroom and asked her if I could take part in the bee for middle school. But she did hesitate (犹豫) a bit because I was too young, just a primary school pupil. I told her that I really love to learn about our earth, its rivers, mountains, all the human cultures on it. She was still not sure but finally said, "yes." I jumped at once!
That next morning I was going to be in the school bee as a participant (参赛者) and learn things I was really interested in. I was not nervous one bit, instead just very excited to be doing something I really loved. We had four written rounds—two on the United States and two on the world. I did surprisingly well and placed on the top ten, beating some of the strong seventh and eighth graders. I lost in the oral round the next day, but won my teacher's attention. I came home and looked up the answers to the questions that I and other students lost on.
I placed second in my school the following year, but more importantly, I realized that I really loved geography and enjoyed the time I spent learning it. I may have lost that first bee, but I won the world; a love for that world; love to explore that world—one country, one mountain, one river, one landform at a time; and that is certainly the biggest win for me truly!
(1) Jimmy was a(n) .
A．eighth grader B．geography teacher
C．primary school pupil D．middle school worker
(2) When the teacher agreed to let Jimmy take part in the geography bee, he was .
A．surprised B．worried C．excited D．nervous
(3) After Jimmy's first geography bee, we can infer .
A．he fell in love with geography
B．he felt excited to take part in bees
C．he felt sorry to lose the geography bee
D．he found it hard to learn geography well
Living and dealing with kids can be a hard job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be even harder.
If I have learned anything in my 16 years, it is that communication is very important, both when you disagree and when you get along well. With any relationship, you need to let other person know how you are feeling. If you are not able to communicate, you drift apart (疏远). When you are mad at your parents, or anyone else, not talking to them doesn't solve anything.
Communication begins with the concern (关心) for another. It means that you can't just come home from school, go up to your room and ignore (不理睬) everyone. Even if you just say "Hi", and see how their day was for five minutes, it is better than nothing.
If you looked up the word "communication" in a dictionary, it would say "the exchange of ideas, the expression of information, correspondence (通信), means of communication: a letter or a message". To keep a good relationship, you must keep communication strong. Let people know how you feel, even if it's just by writing a note.
When dealing with parents, you always have to make them feel good about how they are doing as a parent. If you are trying to make them see something as you see it, tell them that you'll listen to what they have to say, but ask them politely to listen to you. Yelling or walking away only makes the situation worse.
This is an example: one night, Sophie went to a street party with her friends. She knew she had to be home by midnight after the fireworks, but she didn't feel she could just ask to go home. That would be rude. After all, they had been nice enough to take her along with them. Needless to say, she was late getting home. Her parents were mad at first, not when Sophie explained why she was late, they weren't as mad and let the incident munication is the key factor here. If Sophie's parents had not been willing to listen, Sophie would have been in a lot of trouble.
Communication isn't a one-way deal: it goes both ways. Just remember: if you get into a situation like Sophie's, telling the other person how you feel—listening is the key factor to communication.
(1) In the writer's view, dealing with parents is than with children.
A．more difficult B．easier C．more important D．funnier
(2) From Paragraph 6 we can learn that .
A．getting home late would cause much trouble
B．leaving the party early would be rude to friends
C．communication is the key to keeping friendship
D．communication is the solution to misunderstanding
(3) The writer probably agrees that .
A．you should write a note to let your parents know how you feel
B．you are willing to talk to your parents shows your care for them
C．you always have to listen to your parents to make them feel good
D．you don't need to communication with parents when you get on well
There is an argument about whether or not boys and girls should be able to play sports on the same team. This can be a particularly tricky argument, but in the end, the benefits of coed (男女同校的) sports outweigh any negative aspects.
"It is a well-known fact that boys are built to be stronger and bigger than girls. However, that does not mean that girls are too fragile (脆弱的) to play sports with boys," says Madeline R. She's right. Boys are naturally built to be stronger, but girls can still compete with boys. In 2013, over 1,500 girls played boy football, and some were the best on their team.
Both boys and girls can gain skills from playing with and against the opposite gender (性别). A girl playing sports with boys will help the girl improve, making her stronger, tougher, faster, and more powerful as an athlete than she would have been playing with girls. Boys can also gain new skills from girls, becoming more agile and flexible (灵活的).
Playing in coed sports might not be for every girl; some might be more comfortable playing sports with the same gender. But girls that have the physical ability, sports skills, confidence, and desire to compete with boys should have the choice to play coed sports. During an interview, Katie Smith, a Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) star, talked about how she always played with boys when she was young. She recognized early on that boys provided her with the best competition to improve her skills.
There are many social benefits, too. According to Laura E. Berk, a child psychologist, sometime kids aged between 9 and 11 will begin to develop gender stereotypes (性别刻板印象). Playing coed sports can help prevent gender stereotypes, and learning to view the opposite gender as a friend and not something frightening is something that can be useful throughout life.
It increases a girl's confidence level, too. Letting girls compete with boys enhances their view of themselves and makes them more flexible. "Sports for girls has many benefits, including better grades, better body image, less depression and a higher chance of graduating from high school," says Leigh R. She's right, and the improvement in all of these areas will increase if girls can play with and against boys.
These are all reasons why boys and girls should be able to play sports together on the same team. While it might not be for everyone, there are definitely people out there that are looking to improve their game, and coed sports is an excellent way to do that.
(1) The writer talks about Katie Smith to .
A．introduce a popular basketball star
B．stress the great differences among girls
C．show benefits of playing in coed sports
D．suggest good ways of choosing activities
(2) The underlined words "enhances their view of themselves" in Paragraph 6 probably mean " ".
A．makes them worry about themselves
B．makes them pleased with themselves
C．helps them take good care of themselves
D．helps them know better about themselves
(3) What can we learn from the passage
A．Coed sports can make girls stronger than boys.
B．Playing coed sports can help develop gender stereotypes.
C．Both boys and girls can gain skills from playing in coed sports.
D．Playing coed sports would prevent girls from learning at school.
(4) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Are the Boys Really Stronger than the Girls
B．Can Playing in Coed Sports Do Good to Every Girl
C．Does Playing Coed Sports Increase a Girl's Confidence Level
D．Should Boys and Girls Be Allowed to Play Sports on the Same Team
答案
一、阅读理解题（共15题）
1. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) B
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“The three men cut truckloads of wood—then give it to those in need. 这三个人砍了一卡车的木头，然后把它们给那些需要帮助的人。”可知，Shane和他的儿子们通过给有需要的邻居送柴火来帮助他们。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。由第四段第一、二句“The response (反应) was immediate. One man offered to donate (捐赠) a wood-burning stove. 立即得到了回应。一名男子提出捐赠一个燃木火炉。”可知，Shane在网上发布消息后，很快就有一些好心人伸出了援手。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“"Giving is the reward," he said. "It has nothing to do with how well it's received; it's about how much it's needed." 他说：‘给予就是奖赏，这和它被收到多少无关；而是与它有多急需有关。’”可知，Shane认为被他人需要的感觉驱使着他伸出援手。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、推理判断、其他人 (Other people)、记叙文
2. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) D
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是主旨大意题。通读第二段尤其是第四句“But none of this will be possible if the work is not shared. 但如果工作不被分享，这一切都不可能实现。”可知，第二段主要介绍了分享科研结果很重要的原因。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。由第五段最后一句“By working together with an expert, young reviewers read the article to see if any part of the article is hard to understand, make it clear why the experiment was done in the way it was done, and check whether the figures (数据) clearly explain the point of the article. 通过与专家一起工作，年轻的评论家们阅读文章，看看文章的任何部分是否难以理解，弄清楚为什么要这样做实验，并检查图表是否清楚地解释了文章的观点。”可推知，年轻的“评论家们”可以帮助专家找到并弄清楚文章中晦涩难懂的地方，从而让《新思前沿》杂志中的文章更易于阅读。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段第一句“Basically, these young reviewers learn to think like scientists. 基本上，这些年轻的评论家学会像科学家一样思考。”可知，作者写本文的目的是鼓励年轻人像科学家一样思考和沟通。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】说明文、推理判断、研究 (Studies and researches)、主旨大意
3. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) C
(3) B
(4) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。由第四段第一句“The use of plans and habits changes over the course of our lives. 计划和习惯的使用在我们的生活中不断变化。”可知，利用计划或习惯来做决定是一个不断变化的过程。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。由第五段第三句“The reason that wisdomseems to come out so effortlessly from well-seasoned minds is that they have a store of habitual information about how to act in a given situation. 智慧似乎能从经验丰富的头脑中毫不费力地流露出来，其原因在于他们储存了关于在特定情况下如何行动的习惯性信息。”可知，老年人似乎更聪明，因为他们掌握了更多的习惯性信息。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是词义猜测题。由第五段第二句“Well，it suggests that wisdom is interactive, not static: it is a relationship between a person and their surroundings(环境). 这表明智慧是互动的，而不是静态的：它是一个人和周围环境之间的一种关系”可知，智慧与外部环境之间是相互作用的，它不是固定不变的，它是个人与周围环境之间的一种关系。由此可推知，static意为“不改变的”，与B项意思一致。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(4) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段最后一句“It's not that we necessarily get wiser as we get older, but we put ourselves in fewer situations where we are likely to make mistakes. 随着年龄的增长，我们不一定会变得更聪明，但我们会让自己处于更少可能犯错的环境中。”可知，智慧并不会随着年龄的增加而增加，但它会使我们更少犯错。因此作者写这篇文章是为了提醒我们理性地看待老年人的智慧。故选 D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、推理判断、科普知识 (Popular science)、猜测词义
4. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) B
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据Spring Equinox 部分第一句“It starts around March 21st. 它大约始于3月21日。”可知，春分始于3月21日前后。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据Summer Solstice 部分第二句“To celebrate Summer Solstice,people often give colored fans to each other because fans can help them cool down. 为了庆祝夏至，人们经常互相赠送彩色扇子，因为扇子可以帮助他们降温。”可知，为了庆祝夏至，人们会互赠彩扇。故选 B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据 Winter Solstice 部分第二句“It marks the arrival of the coldest season in the year. 它标志着一年中最冷的季节的到来。”可知，冬至标志着一年中最冷的季节到了。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、社会文化 (Social Culture)
5. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) B
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：（第一段第二句中）You should hand in your book report next Monday. 你应该在下星期一交读书报告。可知，Hayes 老师提醒他的学生写读书报告。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：（倒数第三段最后一句）So she lost several hours to read, which made her even more worried. 所以她失去了几个小时的阅读时间，这使她更加担心。可知，参加完星期六的足球比赛后，由于所剩的时间不多，Katy感到更加焦虑。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是倒数第二段可知，Katy做事拖拉，总把事情拖到最后才去做，最后她明白了不该将工作拖到最后一刻的道理。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、推理判断、其他人 (Other people)、记叙文
6. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) A
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“Researchers changed the make-up of short and long wavelength light, which provided a small difference in brightness, as well as changes in color. 研究人员改变了短波长和长波长光的组成，使得亮度和颜色有了微小的差别。”及第三段最后一句“The team used specially designed lighting to change color without changing brightness. 该团队使用了特别设计的照明，在不改变亮度的情况下改变颜色。”可知，这两段主要展示了蓝光研究中使用的方法的进展。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。通读第四至六段尤其是第六段第四句“This is because the small changes in brightness they produce come along with colors that are commonly seen during the day. 这是因为它们产生的微小亮度变化与白天常见的颜色相一致。”可知，新的研究发现表明，光线的亮度和颜色都会影响人体的生物钟。由此可推知，设计者应把光线的强弱和光线的颜色都考虑进去。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段中的“Different from common belief, blue light may not have a strong negative effect as people thought—according to the scientists from the University of Manchester. 与人们普遍认为的不同，蓝光可能不会像人们认为的那样产生强烈的负面影响——根据曼彻斯特大学的科学家的研究。”可知，蓝光对我们睡眠模式的危害并没有人们想象的那么大。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】说明文、推理判断、科普知识 (Popular science)
7. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) C
(3) D
(4) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是词义猜测题。根据第五段前三句“This approach also prevents surprises. It's not uncommon to see someone suddenly removed from a team. They may have deserved it, but with a kind leader, they wouldn't have been caught off-guar, 'because they would have been receiving open, honest, continuous and clear judgment of their performance. 这种方法还可以防止意外。突然有人从团队中被开除并不少见。他们可能是罪有应得，但有个善良的领导，他们不会措手不及，因为他们会得到公开、诚实、持续和清晰的评价。”可知，给团队成员一个清晰的反馈可以防止意外发生。有人突然从团队中被除名并不少见，或许他们应该得到这样的对待，但如果有一个善良的领导，他们就不会猝不及防地被除名。由此可推知，画线部分应意为“始料未及，猝不及防”，与B项表达一致。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。通读第四段和最后一段可知，Sophia 没有对Nathan的工作表现做出明确的反馈，使情况变得更糟，但如果Sophia有不同的心态，她可能会让自己和Nathan 获得双赢。由此可推知，领导和团队成员进行开诚布公的沟通交流是很有必要的。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读第三段尤其是第三句“What they really need is feedback from their leaders. 他们真正需要的是领导者的反馈。”可知，人们真正需要的是领导对他工作表现的真实反馈。由此可推知，作者认为Sophia 应该对 Nathan 的工作表现做出明确的评价。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(4) 此题是最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章通过描述Sophia 和 Nathan 之间的故事告诉我们：作为领导，处理好与团队成员的关系固然重要，但不能只充当“好人”，应及时对其工作表现做出明确的评价和反馈，从而使其处于最合适的位置，并且更有效率地工作。A项可以概括本文大意，适合做标题。故选 A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】推理判断、其他人 (Other people)、记叙文、猜测词义、最佳标题
8. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) C
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：(Kicking stone balls) kicking a stone ball around was a popular game in the northern part of China 在中国北方，踢石球是一项很流行的运动。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：(Playing hide-and-seek) more commonly, others hide and one child must try to find them 更常见的情况是，其他人躲起来，一个孩子必须设法找到他们。由此可知，捉迷藏游戏通常玩法是其他人躲藏，一个人尽力找到他们。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：(Watching shadow plays (皮影戏)) The closest thing to watching a film during ancient times was going to see a shadow play. 在古代，最接近看电影的莫过于看皮影戏了。由此可知，在古代观看皮影戏非常接近现在看电影。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、娱乐活动 (Entertainment)、说明文
9. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) C
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“To his shock, he found the glass of his grandfather's favorite watch broken.”可知，Simon 把爷爷最喜欢的手表摔碎了。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句“The next morning, Simon got up early. He gathered courage to go and admit his mistake to his grandfather.”可知，第二天清晨，Simon鼓起勇气向爷爷主动承认了错误。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段第二句“It is brave to admit your mistake.”可知，文章通过这个故事让我们学会勇敢地承认自己的错误。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、推理判断、其他人 (Other people)、记叙文
10. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) B
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：A recent study performed by Washington State University (WSU) has proved that petting cats and dogs for just ten minutes is an effective way to reduce stress levels. 华盛顿州立大学最近进行的一项研究证明，只要抚摸猫狗十分钟，就能有效地减轻压力水平。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Whether people walk their dogs because they need it, or are more likely to enjoy a walk when they have companionship, dog owners do spend more time walking than non-pet owners. 不管人们遛狗是因为需要，还是因为有陪伴时更喜欢散步，养狗的人的确比不养宠物的人花更多时间散步。
因此， 正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：While human friends provide great social support, furry friends like cats and dogs can come with some great benefits. 虽然人类朋友提供了很大的社会支持，但是像猫和狗这样的毛茸茸的朋友也能带来很大的好处。通读全文可知，文章主要是为了告诉我们养宠物的好处。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、推理判断、动物、植物与其他生物 (Animals and plants and other creatures)
11. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) A
(3) B
(4) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段最后一句“Do violent video games lead to real life violence ”可知，文章整体都在讨论暴力游戏是否有害。由此可推知，作者提到目前这个比较流行的游戏是为了引出讨论的话题。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是主旨大意题。通读第二段可知，本段主要讲述了研究表明暴力游戏会带来现实生活中的暴力行为，即暴力游戏会对人们产生负面影响。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是词义猜测题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，那些认为视频游戏会导致攻击性行为的研究往往会更容易被出版，因此被人们熟知，而认为视频游戏不会有影响的研究却很少被出版。由此可推知，画线词应意为“偏见，不公正的喜爱”，与B项表达一致。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(4) 此题是推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Understanding each child's needs and creating a plan that sets out rules for media use and monitors kids' activities on screens are proper solutions.”可知，作者认为理解孩子的需求，制定媒体适用的规则和监控孩子玩电脑的行为才是合适的解决方法。与D项观点一致。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】成长 (Growing up)、议论文、推理判断、主旨大意、猜测词义
12. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) B
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：We need three volunteers to work as music teachers in SOS Children's Villages. 我们需要三个志愿者在SOS儿童村做音乐教师。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：We need four volunteers to help at Xinxin Nursing Home. You need to be good with older people. Your job is to wash clothes for them. 我们需要四名志愿者在Xinxin敬老院帮忙。你需要和老年人友好相处。你的工作是给他们洗衣服。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：We need two volunteers to work in Xinghai Garden. You need to be good at gardening. Tele: 0398-8858416 我们需要两名志愿者在Xinghai花园工作。你需要擅长园艺。电话：0398-8858416。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、广告 (Advertisement)、应用文
13. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) C
(3) A
14. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) D
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Living and dealing with kids can be a hard job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be even harder. 现今和孩子住一起、和孩子相处是件难事，但是和父母住一起、和父母相处甚至更难。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处： Communication is the key factor here. 交流在这是个重要因素。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是观点态度题。答案出处：Communication begins with the concern (关心) for another. 交流始于对别人的关心。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】细节理解、麻烦与问题 (Troubles and problems)、观点态度、记叙文
15. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) D
(3) C
(4) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：During an interview, Katie Smith, a Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) star, talked about how she always played with boys when she was young. She recognized early on that boys provided her with the best competition to improve her skills. 在一次采访中，美国女子篮球协会（WNBA）的明星Katie Smith谈到了她小的时候是如何和男孩一起打球的。她很早就意识到，男孩子为她提供了提高技能的最佳竞赛。由此推断，作者提及Katie Smith的例子是为了佐证那女一同运动是有好处的。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。答案出处：It increases a girl's confidence level, too. Letting girls compete with boys enhances their view of themselves and makes them more flexible. 这也提高一个女孩的信心水平。让女孩和男孩比赛帮助她们更好了解自己，使他们更灵活。由划线前一句可知答案。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Both boys and girls can gain skills from playing with and against the opposite gender (性别). 男生和女生可以从与异性比赛中而获得技能。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) 此题是最佳标题题。答案出处：There is an argument about whether or not boys and girls should be able to play sports on the same team. 有一个关于男女生是否能够在同一个队伍中运动的争论。文章开头点出大意，由此可知文章讨论的话题是：男女生是否应该被允许在同一个队伍中运动。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、议论文、推理判断、猜测词义、最佳标题、运动 (Sports and exercise)
同课章节目录
- 词法
- 名词
- 动词和动词短语
- 动词语态
- 动词时态
- 助动词和情态动词
- 非谓语动词
- 冠词
- 代词
- 数词和量词
- 形容词副词及其比较等级
- 介词和介词短语
- 连词和感叹词
- 构词法
- 相似、相近词比较
- 句法
- 陈述句
- 一般疑问句和否定疑问句
- 特殊疑问句及选择疑问句
- 反意疑问句
- 存在句(There be句型)
- 宾语从句
- 定语从句
- 状语从句
- 主谓一致问题
- 简单句
- 并列句
- 复合句
- 主谓一致
- 主、表语从句
- 名词性从句
- 直接引语和间接引语
- 虚拟语气
- 感叹句
- 强调句
- 倒装句
- 祈使句
- 句子的成分
- 句子的分类
- 题型专区
- 单项选择部分
- 易错题
- 完形填空
- 阅读理解
- 词汇练习
- 听说训练
- 句型转换
- 补全对话
- 短文改错
- 翻译
- 书面表达
- 任务型阅读
- 语法填空
- 其他资料