2023年北京中考英语二轮复习专项练习—阅读理解3（含解析）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2023年北京中考英语二轮复习专项练习—阅读理解3（含解析） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 797.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-02-22 06:52:19 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
2023年北京英语中考专项—阅读理解3
一、阅读理解题
Have you ever had a problem you couldn't solve Maybe you went to a shop to look for a solution, but came home empty-handed. More and more, when this situation appears, people are creating their own devices (设备) as the solution. It's all part of the Maker Movement, made up of thousands of resourceful people who make and fix things, rather than buy them in shops. Makers do all kinds of hands-on projects, from building pizza oven (烤箱) to designing their own drones. For makers, the do-it-yourself way is more affordable, green and satisfying.
Thanks to technology, it's easier than ever to turn a thought into reality. Many makers use the same tools, just in different ways. For example, Arduino allows people to do anything from creating a talking clock to studying DNA, with very easy-to-use and free hardware (硬件) and software. Raspberry Pi is another popular maker tool. It is a low cost, bank-card sized computer that connects to computers or TVs, and uses a standard keyboard and mouse. It is a little device that enables people of all ages to explore computing. This minicomputer is as powerful as some full-sized computers. People are using Raspberry Pi for a wide variety of uses, from creating video games to powering robot.
Another key piece of technology for makers are 3D printers, which allow a normal person to create just about anything. You can even use a 3D printer to build your own 3D printer!
The availability of these technologies encourages people to be creative, but technology is only one part of the Maker Movement. Collaboration—whether online or in person—is just as important. This is clear from the growing popularity of Maker Faires, events where people come together to experiment in the areas of art, science, engineering and technology.
So, do you have what it takes to become a maker You need to be creative and willing to play around with some new technologies. You should also want to share your ideas with others. Perhaps most importantly, you can't be afraid of failure. Creators hardly ever get it right on the first try. Be brave, be creative, be co-operative and have fun!
(1) What can we infer from Paragraph 2
A．Raspberry Pi helps realise makers' ideas more easily than before.
B．Full-sized computers are much more powerful than Arduino.
C．People can communicate with their clocks through Arduino.
D．Many free video games can be created with Raspberry Pi.
(2) The word "Collaboration" in Paragraph 4 probably means "_____".
A．creating solutions B．growing quickly
C．doing experiments D．working together
(3) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Various Tools-Using
B．Creative Problem-Solving
C．Development of New Technology
D．Inventions with High-tech Devices
The Stressed-out Generation
Each generation has its own set of values and characters, but one thing common to all generations is that they are suffering (遭受) from stress. In a recent survey by the American Psychological Association (APA), all age groups now report higher levels of stress than in the past. However, survey results show that stress levels for Millennials (born roughly between 1981 and 2004) are clearly above average (均值). So, what's worrying the Millennials
Millennials are the first generation to grow up with computers in the home and the classroom. They are receiving information from everywhere all the time because of the rise of modern technology and social media. Over time, this information overload can become too much to handle and can result in continual stress, which in turn can cause serious physical and emotional problems. Another cause, according to writer Michael D. Hais, is that many Millennials have lived easy lives because of overprotective parents. These young adults are short of problem-solving skills and may have trouble dealing with fear of failure once they leave home.
However, the survey results may be a bit misleading as they don't take into account public attitudes toward stress and mental illness. Ronald Kessler of Harvard Medical School, points out that changes in social attitudes have helped lessen the shame related to mental illness over the years. For example, the creation of health-related television programming and specialty magazines such as Psychology Today has drawn people's attention to mental health problems. It's possible that younger people now are more willing to admit (承认) to being stressed than in the past.
Despite the high levels of stress reported by Millennials in the APA survey, there is reason for happiness. Many happiness and well-being surveys show that happiness generally increases as people grow older. As Millennials get more life experience and develop better problem-solving skills over time, they should become better at dealing with stress.
Moreover, with deeper understanding of mental health issues today, the shame related to seeing a psychologist (心理医生) has lessened. This means that people are more likely to look for professional help to lower their stress levels. There are now many kinds of stress management skills such as exercise and meditation (冥想). Millennials must develop these skills to deal with stress in order to be productive members of their community. Once they do, they will be able to look back with satisfaction on the world they helped create.
(1) What does the survey by APA show
A．Millennials are more stressed than most generations.
B．Millennials are worried about their own characters.
C．It's normal for many Millennials to feel stressed.
D．Stress levels differ because of different values.
(2) What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The problems caused by Millennials' overprotective parents.
B．The results of receiving a great amount of information.
C．The ways Millennials deal with modern technology.
D．The causes of Millennials suffering more stress.
(3) According to the passage, what are people like today compared to the past
A．They are more likely to become psychologists.
B．They are more talented in using modern technology.
C．They are more willing to look for professional help with stress.
D．They are more independent and have good problem-solving skills.
(4) What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
A．To draw parents' attention to Millennials' emotional problems.
B．To remind us of the importance of getting more life experience.
C．To offer some right ways of developing problem-solving skills.
D．To encourage Millennials to deal with stress in proper ways.
The Most Unusual Traditions in the World
Each country or region (地区) has its own laws and traditions, and some of them cause sincere surprises and misunderstanding among people of other countries and regions.
Boxing Day Throwing Cinnamon (肉桂) to Those Still Single at 25
In Australia, Boxing Day is on December 26, the day after Christmas. On the day, workers, businessmen, and the poor traditionally are presented with gifts. People spend time with their families and loved ones. They watch sports, play games, hunt, go for walks and eat Christmas leftovers (剩饭). People also love to shop on Boxing Day. In Denmark, people throw cinnamon to anyone who is single, as long as they are over the age of 25. Sometimes the person is put in the water with lots of cinnamon sticks on his or her birthday, mostly by friends and family members. It encourages the singles to look for their partners before they are 25.
Burns Night Flowered Clothes
In Scotland, Burns Night is celebrated in honor of the poet Robert Burns and his contribution (贡献) to the Scottish culture. On the 25th of every January, people prepare a dish called Haggis, a kind of sausage. The tradition is to read the poem on that dish written by Burns before eating. In Hawaii in America, people are very friendly. They welcome each visitor with a long necklace made of beautiful fresh flowers. Men visitors are invited to wear bright flowered shirts and women often wear long flowered dresses. People often say "Aloha" to each other. Aloha means both hello and good-bye. It also means "I love you".
(1) Boxing Day is on _____.
A．December 26 B．one's 25th birthday
C．January 25 D．December 25
(2) Burns night is celebrated in _____.
A．Australia B．Denmark C．Scotland D．America
(3) _____ is the tradition in Hawaii.
A．Throwing cinnamon on the singles
B．Reading the poem on the dish
C．Eating Christmas leftovers
D．Wearing flowered clothes
Food for Good
In late August, after Hurricane (飓风) Dorian passed, José Andrés led a team of chefs and other volunteers to the disaster area, where they immediately set up kitchens and cooked 30,000 meals a day. Because of their arrival, people affected by the disaster could eat fresh and healthy food, which was unimaginable in the past.
Before 2016, people in the disaster areas were only able to get prepackaged (预先包装的) meals, which usually didn't taste great and some of the food was even unhealthy. Andres ,who owns several popular restaurants in the United States , thought he could solve the problem. As a chef, he has the experience of creating delicious dishes and running a kitchen. What's more, he can even design dishes that suit the local tastes. So he set up the World Central Kitchen (WCK) ,an organization offering freshly made and healthy meals free for people affected by natural disasters.
Last year, WCK, with only 25 staff members, fed millions of survivors (幸存者) of 13 disaster areas around the world. How could they make it Much of its work was done by volunteers from the disaster areas. The youngest volunteer once was even a 10-year-old girl who could run parts of the kitchen on her own." She became a general in my army of volunteers," Andres said. The girl and 20,000 volunteers served almost four million meals after Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico.
"You know good food has great power. A hot meal expresses love, hope and humanity," Andres said. "It is so important when people are deeply affected by disasters."
(1) What did José Andrés and his team do after Hurricane Dorian
A．They built new houses.
B．They taught how to cook.
C．They sent medicine to the sick.
D．They offered freshly made meals.
(2) Who worked in the WCK
A．25 doctors and nurses.
B．Some chefs and volunteers.
C．A ten-year-old girl and her family.
D．Many officers from the government.
(3) According to Andrés, the power of good food can ____.
A．improve chefs' creativity
B．help volunteers save energy
C．bring survivors warmth and hope
D．make chefs' restaurants more popular
When you think of robots, what is the first thing that comes to mind Do you think of science fiction movies like Star Wars, where robots of all shapes and sizes are part of daily life The word "robot" itself comes from a play written in 1920 by Karel Capek. In the play, people create robots to do some everyday tasks.
Today, most robots don't look like human. Modern robots take many forms and are good at many things, from sweeping the floors in your home to working in factories. They are even exploring the surface of the moon. But there is an interesting irony (讽刺) in the world of robotics which describes a surprising problem: What humans find easy is extremely complicated for a robot. However, what humans find difficult is pretty easy for a robot. For example, picking up clothes in a messy room is simple for people. But that kind of chore is very hard for a robot. Another example is the game of chess. People might find it difficult to win the game of chess all the time. But robots like Alpha-Go can be programmed to play it very well.
This is because robots are very good at doing things in controlled environments. However, moving through a room filled with random (随机的) objects is hard for robots, along with picking up objects of different shapes and sizes without damaging them. In short, it is very difficult for them to deal with certain types of variables.
It turns out that one of the most difficult things to improve in robots is their ability to control objects. Luckily, great progress is being made in the development of robots. On the one hand, exciting developments in making human-like hands and legs are underway. On the other hand, the biggest progress might result from using virtual learning (虚拟学习) to "teach" robots through computer simulations (模拟). In this way, robots can "guess" what to do without an order when they meet unfamiliar things in the real world.
Soon, robots may be able to do those things that humans find simple. That means big changes in what robots can do and how they can help us with daily tasks. Robots might make movies a reality.
(1) What's the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To give an example. B．To present the topic.
C．To explain what robots are. D．To show how robots develop.
(2) According to the passage, what might be difficult for robots
A．Playing chess. B．Washing the dishes.
C．Making cars in factories. D．Gathering up clothes in a mess.
(3) What's the writer's opinion about robots in the future
A．They will cause further problems for people.
B．They will deal with new things depend on orders.
C．They can hardly develop until they look like human.
D．They can benefit people more by making improvements.
Though being a parent has never been easy, the Internet hasn't made the job any easier. Just how seriously are parents taking their role of monitoring (监控) their children's online behavior
A new study from the Digital Future Project finds a sharp difference in parental ways of Internet supervision (监督). 70% of parents say they monitor their kids' online activity while on Facebook and other social media sites. In contrast, 30% of parents don't step in kids' online life because they trust their kids, don't want to show a lack of trust, don't know how to use social media sites or don't have time to. Such a divide is due to the fact that parents fall in multiple generations with many different types of parenting styles.
Many parents take a wide range of actions to monitor and police their teen's online behavior. Nearly six-in-ten parents say they often or sometimes check which websites their teen visits. 46% have password to log in their children's social media accounts. In order to combat unsafe websites surfing, some parents even download softwares such as Spectorsoft, which blocks, records and alerts parents by monitoring kids' Internet use.
However, parenting expert Gwenn Schurgin O'keeffe, CEO of a parenting website , advises against using such software as Spectorsoft unless it's a unique situation. "You do things because you love your kids and you want to protect them," she says. "But kids aren't these evil (邪恶的) creatures. Not trusting the online world should not be your only consideration."
With growing concerns, great efforts have been made globally to ensure Internet safety and quality for youngsters. The US government updated COPPA (the Child Online Privacy Protection Act) to increase protection for children's private information. Europe has not only given people "the right to be forgotten" on social media sites, allowing them to wipe their browsing history clean, but has also limited companies' access (进入) to personal information. "I like the idea," a user of says. "Kids and teenagers are just experimenting. Until they hurt other people, they should be free to be a kid and learn about life."
Despite these efforts, government regulations (规章) are having a hard time keeping up as new websites pop up every day. Therefore, parents still have to step up and recognize they need to be involved in their kids' lives and find that happy medium. They have to stop being so disbelieving and give kids chances and the benefit of the doubt.
(1) What does the study from the Digital Future Project find
A．It is hard to control children's online behavior.
B．Parents are divided on monitoring kids' Internet use.
C．There is a large generation gap between parents
and kids.
D．Parents who monitor kids' online activity don't trust their kids.
(2) The word "combat" in Paragraph 3 probably means "_____".
A．give up B．carry out C．fight against D．join in
(3) O'Keeffe advises against using softwares such as Spectorsoft because _____.
A．parents need to think more than the danger of Internet
B．children can surf the Internet without parents' help
C．different people have different parenting styles
D．such software is useless in a special situation
(4) The writer probably agrees that _____.
A．COPPA is helpful for collecting kids' private information
B．enough space is needed for kids to experience the online life
C．allowing kids to clean webpage records may hide the truth
D．governments play a major role in protecting children's online safety
Al (人工智能) makes our lives easier and better. Let's see the amazing AI.
Cool driverless bus A bus door opens and you get on. Wait, where is the driver Here is a new kind of driverless bus called Apolong. It was produced in 2018. It can seat 14 people and doesn't need a driver. The bus follows traffic rules.
Your close friend Hi, everyone. I'm Xiaoice, a chatbot (聊天机器人). I was "born" in 2014. I speak like a 17-year-old girl. If you feel lonely, you can talk with me. I'm good at singing and telling stories. I want to be your friend!
World's first AI presenter Hey, look! The famous Chinese presenter Qiu Hao is reporting the news for us. But, is "he" really Qiu Hao The answer is "no". This is the world's first Al presenter. It was invented in 2018. It looks and speaks just like a real person.
Popular AI artist This beautiful painting was at an auction (拍卖) in 2018. It sold for about 3,000,000 yuan! But it is not a work by a famous painter, such as Vincent van Gogh. It was painted by an AI artist. Three Frenchmen created the AI artist in 2017.
(1) When was Apolong produced
A．In 2019. B．In 2018. C．In 2017. D．In 2014.
(2) Both Qiu Hao and Xiaoice can .
A．drive B．paint C．swim D．speak
(3)
A．Three Frenchmen B．A 17-year-old girl
C．The Chinese presenter D．Vincent van Gogh
As a teenager, school was difficult for me. I had a kind of attention disorder, which means I couldn't direct my attention to what I was doing. So when everyone else in the class was centering their attention on tasks, I could not.
In my first reading class, Mrs. Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it, all finished in 45 minutes. I immediately put up my hand and said, "Mrs. Smith, you see, the doctor said I have attention problems. I might not be able to finish the task. She looked down at me through her glasses, saying, "You are not different from your classmates, young man." With her encouragement, I tried. But I didn't finish the reading when the bell rang. I had to take it home.
In the quietness of my bedroom, the story suddenly all became clear to me. It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education. But Louis didn't give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots (点)，which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.
Wasn't I the "blind" in my class, being made to learn like the "sighted" students With thoughts running through my head, I found myself deeply attracted in reading and writing. I completed the task in less than 40 minutes. I realized that I was not different from others. I just needed a quieter place. If Louis could find his way out of his problem, why should I ever give up
I didn't expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs. Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day with an "A" on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words: "See what you can do when you keep trying "
(1) School was difficult for the writer because _____.
A．he didn't like the teacher
B．the tasks were too boring to him
C．he got a kind of attention disorder
D．his classmates talked with him in class
(2) Mrs. Smith's words in Paragraph 3 show that .
A．she encouraged him B．she laughed at him
C．she felt sorry for him D．she was pleased with him
(3) What can we learn from the passage
A．Never stop reading. B．Never give up easily.
C．How to be a great teacher. D．How to learn as a blind.
Success seems to be what everyone longs for in life no matter how old he is. Students want to succeed at study. Adults look forward to their success at work. Have you ever wondered what is the key to success Some may say the answer is good luck. Some may say hard work is the key. In fact, hard work really does pay off. Scientists find that perseverance (坚持不懈) leads to better grades and higher achievements in school.
"Being passionate (热诚的) is not enough to make sure that you can achieve success in your schoolwork," say researchers, and they thought of "courage" as a key to success. Courage is also considered as effort in reaching long-term goals, and a strong will to continue one's efforts no matter what difficulties they might go through.
Researchers think that the finding could help create new training to help children develop the skill and help them to succeed in their future.
Researchers from the Academy of Finland studied more than 2,000 students from Helsinki. They were followed through their learning from 12 to 16, the sixth grade until the ninth grade in local school years. Researchers found that the factor (因素) that best predicts courage was related to goals. What they had achieved in their past learning played no role in developing the skill.
Professor Katariina Salmela-Aro, who led the study, said, "Courage means a young person is really interested in his or her studies and does not give up easily. A key factor of courage is high perseverance when facing difficulties or in a terrible situation. The important finding is that these factors are the key to success and well-being. Our study shows the power of courage."
Professor Salmela-Aro also thinks it is important to develop new practices and build character to improve courage in teenagers. She added, "Young people should see everyday schoolwork as part of their life in a wider context (背景) and set achievable goals for themselves. Schools must also serve as a place where it is safe to fail and learn to deal with setbacks. One must not be discouraged by setbacks, but draw power and new energy from them!"
(1) What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Where courage comes from. B．How students can draw power.
C．What courage is thought of as. D．Why having energy is important.
(2) According to the passage, Professor Katariina Salmela-Aro believes that .
A．courage might be developed with the help of schools
B．teenagers with courage show strong interests in success
C．courage can help reduce the number of difficulties in learning
D．teenagers' achievement in the past can influence their courage
(3) The word "setbacks" in Paragraph 6 probably means " ".
A．changes B．difficulties C．weaknesses D．efforts
Do you have good friends Do you sometimes feel so close to them that they are like family to you
It turns out that this isn't just an expression. A study by Yale University has found that you and your friends have more genes (基因) in common than strangers do. Researchers looked at the genes of 1,932 people and compared them in pairs of unrelated friends and strangers. They found that friends have 1% of genes that match.
"1% of genes may not sound like much to the layperson (外行), but to geneticists (遗传学家) it is a larger number," Professor Nicholas Christakis of Yale University told Discovery News. In fact, this is the same amount of genes you share with your fourth cousins, those who have the same great-great-great grandparents as you.
So do you happen to become friends with people who share your genes Not at all. In fact, it is evolution (进化) that brings you together.
People who share certain genes also share skills and have similar likes and dislikes, researchers said. In ancient times, it was important that people who were alike stayed together. For example, people who had a similar susceptibility (易感性) to the cold were more likely to help each other build a fire, giving them a better chance to stay alive.
Researchers also found that among all the genes studied, those producing a change in sense of smell were the most similar in friends. This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments. For example, people who like the smell of coffee may hang out at cafes (咖啡馆) more often and as a result are more likely to meet and become friends with each other.
With their findings, the team has developed an interesting test called the "friendship score". It can help tell how big the chances are that two people will be friends by studying their genes.
So, here is a question for you: would you like to take this test and know in advance (提前) who your friends are going to be, or would you still prefer to learn about it by yourself and let time be the judge
(1) From the passage, we know that friends _____.
A．look like our cousin B．share 1% of genes with us
C．feel close to our family D．can help us when we feel cold
(2) According to the passage, the writer probably agrees _____.
A．we develop our friendship by chance
B．our genes decide who we can make friends with
C．everyone should take the test called "friendship score"
D．people sharing certain genes have skills and interests in common
(3) The writer takes the example of ancient people in Paragraph 5 to _____.
A．study how ancient people dealt with the cold
B．predict that similar environments lead to friendship
C．prove that it is evolution that brings friends together
D．explain why ancient people gave each other chance to keep alive
(4) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Friendship: Its Influence on People and Behavior
B．Friendship: Its Benefits to Teens and Decision-Making
C．Friendship: Is it necessary to be judged by time
D．Friendship: Is it possible to be influenced by genes
Here are some books about space travel. Take a trip to the Moon and beyond with these encouraging reads.
Balloon to the Moon The Extraordinary Life of Neil Armstrong
Long before anyone had designed a rocket, the Montgolfier brothers were making hot air balloons. In October 1783, they became the first people to experience controlled flight. Balloon to the Moon starts there and leads to Neil Armstrong's "small step" and beyond. Learn about all the progress of the space travel, then get ready for an unknown but exciting future. Neil Armstrong made history in 1969 when he became the first person to set foot on the Moon. From his childhood playing with model planes to becoming one of the most famous astronauts of all time, discover the wonderful story of Neil Armstrong's life in this book. It has lots of facts and pictures, and shows the key events in his life.
To Space & Back Counting on Katherine
Sally Ride became the first American woman in space in 1983. In this book, Sally shares her personal experience of traveling into space. From discussing the experience of living and working in space to explaining how astronauts train and adapt (适应) to their new environment, she talks about her journey through space. This encouraging book tells the story of Katherine Johnson who has a gift for math. She helped make the historic Apollo 11 moon landing possible and made sure that Apollo 13 returned home safely when the mission (任务) was in danger.
(1) Who first experienced controlled flight in October 1783
A．The Montgolfier brothers. B．Katherine Johnson.
C．Neil Armstrong. D．Sally Ride.
(2) If a girl is interested in women astronauts' life in space, she will probably read _____.
A．To Space & Back
B．Balloon to the Moon
C．Counting on katherine
D．The Extraordinary Life of Neil Armstrong
(3) What did Katherine Johnson do
A．She designed the first rocket.
B．She recorded key events of space travel.
C．She explained how astronauts trained for space travel.
D．She helped make the Apollo 11 moon landing possible.
People can reduce, reuse, or recycle waste instead of throwing it away. Matt and Sam decided to do an experiment. They wanted to see exactly how much waste the three R's could save.
First, they collected the rubbish from six classrooms at their school. They divided the rubbish into three groups:
● things that were reusable, such as a pencil or a marker that had been thrown away
● things that could be recycled, such as cans, glass, or paper
● things that were truly waste
Then, Matt and Sam weighed each of the three groups. They learned that 84% of the total rubbish thrown away that day could be recycled or reused. They decided to do something about it.
Matt and Sam presented the idea of starting a recycling programme to the school leaders. Then they worked with the Student Council. They prepared brochures (手册) to send home to tell the students and their families about recycling. They stated in the brochure that recycling helps to keep our planet healthy. The school bought colored containers (容器) for each classroom. Each room received a blue container for paper and a green container for glass and cans. They also received a red container for real rubbish.
Within a short time, each classroom in the school was sorting recyclable materials from rubbish before it was thrown. Matt and Sam decided to weigh the rubbish one more time. They wanted to check the school's progress. They collected the rubbish from the red containers from the same six classrooms as before. They sorted the rubbish into three groups again and weighed each group. This time, they were pleased to find that the red containers were filled with 90% waste that should be thrown away. Only 10% of recyclable materials had been thrown into the red containers. Matt and Sam were pleased with their school's effort at reducing waste on our planet.
(1) By doing an experiment, Matt and Sam wanted to find out _____.
A．what things could be reused
B．what recyclable materials could be saved
C．how much waste the three R's could save
D．how much waste their school produced a day
(2) What did Matt and Sam do in the recycling programme
A．They made a speech on recycling.
B．They wrote a report to the school leaders.
C．They bought colored containers for each classroom.
D．They helped students and their families know about recycling.
(3) Which word can best describe Matt and Sam
A．Responsible. B．Friendly. C．Independent. D．Confident.
We see logos on signs, buildings, television, and even on the clothes we wear. Logos are used to stand for brands (品牌). There are logos such as the Nike "swoosh", the Apple logo and the colorful rings of the Olympic Games. All of these logos are designed to attract our attention. They also help us remember a product or service connected to the logo. However, research performed at the University of California, Los Angeles finds that remembering the details of logos is very difficult. The researchers try to explain this.
Logos are typically designed to be simple and easy to recognize. Yet the frequent exposure (频繁接触) to these logos can actually make our brains overlook the details of logos. It would be challenging to try to remember every single thing that crosses our path. We take in so much information every day that the brain works to notice information that does not need to be stored. It allows the unimportant information to disappear gradually from our memory.
The details of product logos are just the kind of information our brains tell us we do not need. This may be discouraging to logo designers and to companies that use these eye-catching logos. But there are still many business experts who believe in the importance of a recognizable logo.
Even though the brain is likely to pay no attention to unnecessary details, it is also programmed for recognition. When we see logos over and over again, we become familiar (熟悉的) with them. This repeated exposure leads our brains to remember the basic idea without all of the details. This general sense of memory has its own benefits. It can make us feel like we really know the product behind the logo. In fact, familiarity with a logo can even make people feel more comfortable about buying or using certain products.
Logos are everywhere we look today. Those people who create logos need to know that people will only remember what they believe is important. A clever design may be interesting, but most people will forget the details.
(1) In the first paragraph, the writer mainly _____.
A．introduces some famous brands
B．describes the design of some logos
C．shows the popularity of famous brands
D．explains the purpose of designing logos
(2) The word "overlook" in Paragraph 2 probably means "_____".
A．try to remember B．see the importance of
C．take no notice of D．fail to understand
(3) What can we learn from the passage
A．Business experts think the details of logos are unnecessary.
B．Our brains can choose which logos to notice and remember.
C．The repeated exposure to a logo can lead people to buy the product.
D．People know more about the products behind logos with more details.
(4) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．What Makes a Good Logo
B．What Can We see in
a Logo
C．Why Is a Good Logo Important
D．Why Should Logos Be Recognizable
The students are quieting down in their seats. The teacher begins to give lessons. Then she asks a question for the class to answer, and the students all react in separate ways.
Each student is special with different strengths and weaknesses. Because of this fact, different students learn differently. While some may learn by quickly answering the teacher's question, speaking up with ease and comfort, others may learn just as well by listening to their classmates and teacher speak. These students should not be punished for learning the way they do, but when teachers grade class participation (参与), that is exactly what they are doing.
According to a survey carried out by Bonnie M. Miller, a professor at University of Massachusetts Boston, 60% of her students believe that grading participation does not encourage them to participate more in class. They feel more comfortable expressing their thoughts if they know what they say will not be given a number later on.
Some other students believe that when class participation is graded, teachers are awarding outgoing students while punishing shy ones. Grading class participation sends the message that shy students are not good students. It makes them feel like they should be outgoing, loud, and able to learn by talking, which makes them feel uncomfortable.
In my experience with classes where class participation was graded, I felt difficult to do well. For example, instead of being able to fully focus on what my teacher and classmates said, my mind would race with the things that I could possibly share in the class discussion. Either I would be too slow in raising my hand, or feel too nervous to lift it at all. Imagining my falling grades, wishing that I could somehow be a more outgoing person, suddenly my thoughts would be interrupted by the sound of my classmates getting up to leave, and I would realize that I learned nearly nothing that class.
What's more, by focusing on the students who talk the most in class, teachers fail to award students who may be good listeners—a skill that is as important as being able to talk in front of a group of people.
Teachers can increase class participation by providing different ways of grading participation that are acceptable to different personalities and learning ways. For example, they can give students opportunities to write their ideas. Most importantly, teachers should create classrooms where students want to learn.
(1) According to the passage, in a class where participation is graded, .
A．most students are likely to act actively
B．some students feel stressed to be who they are
C．students are forced to listen to their classmates
D．students are encouraged to learn the way they prefer
(2) The writer talks about his own experience in Paragraph 5 to explain .
A．why students care much about grades
B．why listening is as important as speaking up
C．how grading participation influences learning process
D．how students feel when preparing for speaking up in class
(3) What's the writer's main purpose in writing the passage
A．To remind teachers of the importance of grading properly in class.
B．To tell students the effect their personalities have on learning.
C．To encourage teachers to keep students active in class.
D．To provide students with ways to participate in class.
Every year, many inventions are introduced to the world. Some help us solve problems. Others make life easier, or more fun. Here are four of last year's best inventions.
LUMI was designed for music lovers. "We hope that LUMI can help people who have just started learning how to play music," says the inventor Will MacNamara. The small Lumi keyboard lights up, allowing users to know which keys to press. And with the LUMI app, users can learn their favorite songs.
Millions of people around the world have to face the problem of unsafe food. Marc Oshima says his indoor farming technology can help. Instead of growing in dirt, crops grow in reusable cloth. The plants are watered with mist. This requires 95% less water than field farming.
For people who are blind, the ORCAM MYEYE 2 could be a game changer. It might also prove useful for people with reading difficulties. Described as "talking glasses", it can read text aloud. Amnon Shashua invented the technology.
Christine Schindler is an engineer. She wanted to help stop the spread of foodborne illnesses, so she created PATHSPOT. It uses light to scan (扫描) a person's hands for harmful germs. Restaurant workers hold their hands under the scanner. Then the scanner decides whether they should be rewashed.
(1) LUMI was designed for _____.
A．indoor farmers B．music lovers
C．blind people D．restaurant workers
(2) Who is the inventor of the ORCAM MYEYE 2
A．Will MacNamara. B．Marc Oshima.
C．Amnon Shashua. D．Christine Schindler.
(3) Where can we probably read this passage
A．A medical website. B．A travel guide.
C．A school notice. D．A
science magazine.
答案
一、阅读理解题（共15题）
1. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) D
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Thanks to technology, it's easier than ever to turn a thought into reality. 多亏了技术，我们比以往任何时候都更容易把想法变成现实。”及第四句“Raspberry Pi is another popular maker tool. Raspberry Pi是另一个流行的制作工具。”可知，科技使人们比以往更容易把想法变成现实了，而Raspberry Pi正是例证之一，因此它也可以让创客的想法更易实现。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。通读第四段尤其是第三句“This is clear from the growing popularity of Maker Fairs, events where people come together to experiment in the areas ofart, science, engineering and technology. 这一点从越来越受欢迎的创客博览会(Maker fair)上就可以看出来，人们聚集在一起，在艺术、科学、工程和技术领域进行实验。”可知，创客交易会是人们聚在一起在艺术、科学、工程和技术领域进行实验的活动，主要说的是人与人之间的交流、分享、合作等。这是对上文中画线词的具体解释。由此可推知，画线词应意为“合作”，与D项意思相近。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了越来越多的人遇到问题会自己想办法解决，而创客运动就是具体的表现，并鼓励我们要努力创新，这样才能解决问题。B项“创造性地解决问题”能概括文章大意，适合做标题。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】说明文、最佳标题、科学技术 (Science and technology)、推理判断、猜测词义
2. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) D
(3) C
(4) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：However, survey results show that stress levels for Millennials (born roughly between 1981 and 2004) are clearly above average (均值). 然而，调查结果显示，千禧一代(大约出生于1981年至2004年之间)的压力水平明显高于平均水平。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是主旨大意题。答案出处：So, what's worrying the Millennials 那么，千禧一代在担心什么呢？结合第二段可知，第二段分析了千禧一代压力大的原因。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：This means that people are more likely to look for professional help to lower their stress levels. 这意味着人们更有可能寻求专业帮助来降低他们的压力水平。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：Millennials must develop these skills to deal with stress in order to be productive members of their community. 为了成为社区中富有成效的成员，千禧一代必须培养这些应对压力的技能。通读全文可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了鼓励千禧一代用恰当的方法来应对压力。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】说明文、细节理解、情感与情绪 (Feelings and moods)、推理判断、主旨大意
3. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) C
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：In Australia, Boxing Day is on December 26, the day after Christmas. 在澳大利亚，节礼日在12月26日，也就是圣诞节后的第二天。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：In Scotland, Burns Night is celebrated in honor of the poet Robert Burns and his contribution (贡献) to the Scottish culture. 在苏格兰，人们庆祝“彭斯之夜”是为了纪念诗人Robert Burns以及他对苏格兰文化做出的贡献。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Men visitors are invited to wear bright flowered shirts and women often wear long flowered dresses. 男游客被邀请穿着鲜艳的花衬衫，女游客则通常穿着花长裙。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、社会文化 (Social Culture)
4. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) B
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“In late August, after Hurricane (飓风) Dorian passed, José Andrés led a team of chefs and other volunteers to the disaster area, where they immediately set up kitchens and cooked 30,000 meals a day. 8月底，飓风多里安经过后，José Andrés带领一队厨师和其他志愿者前往灾区，立即建立了厨房，每天烹饪3万份饭菜。”可知，José Andrés和他的团队在Dorian飓风过后，为灾民提供新鲜烹饪的餐食。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“So he set up the World Central Kitchen(WCK),an organization offering freshly made and healthy meals free for people affected by natural disasters. 因此，他建立了世界中央厨房(WCK)，这个组织为受自然灾害影响的人们免费提供新鲜和健康的食物。”及第一段第一句中的“In late August, after Hurricane (飓风) Dorian passed, José Andrés led a team of chefs and other volunteers to the disaster area, where they immediately set up kitchens and cooked 30,000 meals a day. 8月底，飓风多里安经过后，José Andrés带领一队厨师和其他志愿者前往灾区，立即建立了厨房，每天烹饪3万份饭菜。”可推知，在WCK工作的是一些厨师和志愿者。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句“You know good food has great power. A hot meal expresses love,hope and humanity. 你知道好的食物有强大的力量。一顿热腾腾的饭表达着爱、希望和人性。”可知，在Andres看来，美食拥有给幸存者带来温暖和希望的力量。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】推理判断、细节理解、记叙文、志愿活动 (Volunteering)
5. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) D
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。通读第一段内容可知，文章开头通过两个问句向读者发起提问，目的是引出文章的话题——机器人。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：For example, picking up clothes in a messy room is simple for people. But that kind of chore is very hard for a robot. 例如，在乱七八糟的房间里捡衣服，对人们来说很简单。 但对于一个机器人来说，这种家务活是很难的。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：Soon, robots may be able to do those things that humans find simple. That means big changes in what robots can do and how they can help us with daily tasks. Robots might make movies a reality. 很快，机器人可能能够做那些人类觉得简单的事情。这意味着机器人可以做什么以及它们如何帮助我们完成日常任务的重大变化。机器人可能会让电影成为现实。可知，在不久的将来，机器人也许能够做人类认为简单的事情，它们可能让电影成为现实。由此可推知，作者认为通过不断发展和改进，机器人对人们会有更大的帮助。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、推理判断、科学技术 (Science and technology)
6. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) C
(3) A
(4) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。通读第二段可知，数字未来项目的研究表明，有70%的家长会监管孩子的网络行为，而30%的家长则表示信任自己的孩子，或是不想表现出不信任、不懂如何使用社交媒体网站以及没有时间去管。由此可知，家长们在监管孩子的互联网行为这一问题上存在分歧，意见不一致。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“In order to combat unsafe websites surfing, some parents even download softwares such as Spectorsoft, which blocks, records and alerts parents by monitoring kids' Internet use.”可知，为了防止（孩子）浏览不安全的网站，一些家长甚至下载了 Spectorsoft等软件。通过这些软件监控孩子对互联网的使用，来拦截（危险网页）、记录（浏览信息）和提醒（自己）。由此可推知，combat应意为“防止，对抗”，与C项意思一致。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“advises against using such software as Spectorsoft unless it's a unique situation”以及最后一句“Not trusting the online world should not be your only consideration.”可知，O'keeffe认为，除非特殊情况，否则不建议使用此类软件，因为网络安全并非是家长需要考虑的唯一问题，还应该更多地关注网络之外的危险。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(4) 此题是推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“They have to stop being so disbelieving and give kids chances and the benefit of the doubt.”可推知，作者认为家长必须停止怀疑，给孩子们机会和空间体验网络，而不是监督和侵犯他们的隐私。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】说明文、推理判断、细节理解、猜测词义、研究 (Studies and researches)
7. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) D
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Here is a new kind of driverless bus called Apolong. It was produced in 2018. 这是一种新型的无人驾驶巴士，叫做Apolong。它产于2018年。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：I'm Xiaoice, a chatbot (聊天机器人). 我是Xiaoice，一个聊天机器人。It looks and speaks just like a real person. 它的样子和说话方式都和真人一样。由此可知，Qiu Hao和Xiaoice都能说话。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Three Frenchmen created the AI artist in 2017. 2017年，三名法国人创造了这位人工智能艺术家。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、科学技术 (Science and technology)
8. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) A
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“I had a kind of attention disorder, which means I couldn't direct my attention to what I was doing. 我有一种注意力障碍，也就是说我不能把注意力集中到我正在做的事情上。”可知，上学对作者来说很困难，是因为作者患有注意力障碍。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“With her encouragement,I tried. 在她的鼓励下，我试了试。”可知，Smith 老师的这番话是在鼓励作者。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章通过讲述作者坚定信念、不轻言放弃，最终克服自身缺陷的故事告诉我们不要轻易放弃。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】细节理解、推理判断、记叙文、个人经历 (Personal experiences)
9. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) A
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是主旨大意题。答案出处：Courage is also considered as effort in reaching long-term goals, and a strong will to continue one's efforts no matter what difficulties they might go through. 勇气也被认为是实现长期目标的努力，以及不管他们可能会经历什么困难继续努力的坚强意志。通读第二段可知，本段主要讲了什么是勇气。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：Schools must also serve as a place where it is safe to fail and learn to deal with setbacks. One must not be discouraged by setbacks, but draw power and new energy from them! 学校还必须是一个失败、学习处理挫折的安全之地。人不应因挫折而气馁，而应从中汲取力量和新的能量！由此可知，Professor Salmela-Aro认为，学校应该是一个允许失败并让学生学会应对挫折的安全的地方。也就是说学校能够帮助一个人培养勇气。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是词义猜测题。答案出处：One must not be discouraged by setbacks, but draw power and new energy from them! 人不应因挫折而气馁，而应从中汲取力量和新的能量！由此可推知，这种情况应指某种挫折。故画线词应意为“挫折”，与B项意思相近。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】说明文、成长 (Growing up)、推理判断、猜测词义、主旨大意
10. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) D
(3) C
(4) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：They found that friends have 1% of genes that match. 他们发现朋友有1%的基因匹配。可知朋友和我们有1%的相同基因。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：People who share certain genes also share skills and have similar likes and dislikes. 拥有相同基因的人也有相同的技能，有相似的好恶。可知，有相同基因的人有共同的爱好和技能。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读第五段并结合第四段最后一句“In fact, it is evolution (进化) that brings you together. 事实上，是进化把你们聚在一起。”可知，作者举古人的例子是为了证明进化使得朋友们在一起：即成为朋友。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) 此题是最佳标题题。答案出处：全文。文章讲述了基因对友谊形成的影响。由此可知“友情：可能会受基因影响吗？”是文章的最佳标题。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】说明文、推理判断、细节理解、最佳标题、研究 (Studies and researches)
11. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) A
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Long before anyone had designed a rocket, the Montgolfier brothers were making hot air balloons. In October 1783, they became the first people to experience controlled flight. 早在有人设计出火箭之前，Montgolfier兄弟就在制造热气球。1783年10月，他们成为第一批体验受控飞行的人。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：Sally Ride became the first American woman in space in 1983. In this book, Sally shares her personal experience of traveling into space. Sally Ride于1983年成为首位进入太空的美国女性。在这本书中，Sally分享了她个人的太空旅行经历。可知如果对女性宇航员的太空生活感兴趣，要看To Space & Back这本书。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：She helped make the historic Apollo 11 moon landing possible and made sure that Apollo 13 returned home safely when the mission (任务) was in danger. 她帮助Apollo11号实现了历史性的登月，并确保了Apollo13号在任务面临危险时安全返回家园。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】广告 (Advertisement)、细节理解、广告、推理判断
12. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) D
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Matt and Sam decided to do an experiment. They wanted to see exactly how much waste the three R's could save. Matt 和Sam决定做一个实验。 他们想看看三R到底能避免多少垃圾。可知，Matt 和Sam想通过试验证明3R可以避免多少垃圾。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：They prepared brochures (手册) to send home to tell the students and their families about recycling. 他们准备了小册子寄到家中，告诉学生和他们的家人关于回收的知识。可知，Matt和Sam通过发放小册子的方式向同学和他们的家人普及垃圾循环利用方面的知识。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：全文。通读全文可知，Matt和Sam有很强的环保意识和社会责任感，且他们做试验有始有终，非常有责任心。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、推理判断、记叙文、环境保护 (Environmental protection)
13. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) C
(3) C
(4) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是主旨大意题。答案出处：All of these logos are designed to attract our attention. They also help us remember a product or service connected to the logo. 所有这些标志都是为了吸引我们的注意而设计的。它们还能帮助我们记住与商标相关的产品或服务。第一段主要介绍了一些品牌的徽标，并解释了设计这些徽标的目的。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。答案出处：Yet the frequent exposure (频繁接触) to these logos can actually make our brains overlook the details of logos. 然而，频繁接触这些商标实际上会让我们的大脑忽略商标的细节。The details of product logos are just the kind of information our brains tell us we do not need. 产品标识的细节只是我们大脑告诉我们不需要的那种信息。由此可知，徽标的设计往往简单且容易识别。这些品牌徽标的细节是我们的大脑告诉我们的不需要的信息，所以即使经常看到，我们也会忽略细节。因此，画线词与C项意思相近，意为“忽略”。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：In fact, familiarity with a logo can even make people feel more comfortable about buying or using certain products. 事实上，熟悉一个标志甚至可以让人们在购买或使用某些产品时感到更舒服。由此可知，频繁接触徽标会让人们去购买这些产品。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) 此题是最佳标题题。答案出处：全文。文章主要讲述了品牌徽标的作用以及它们是如何让人们记住的。B项“我们能在徽标中看见什么？”能概括文章大意，适合做本文的标题。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】说明文、细节理解、猜测词义、最佳标题、商业活动 (Business activities)、主旨大意
14. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) C
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：It makes them feel like they should be outgoing, loud, and able to learn by talking, which makes them feel uncomfortable. 这让他们觉得自己应该外向、大声，并且能够通过交谈来学习，这让他们感到不舒服。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：In my experience with classes where class participation was graded, I felt difficult to do well. 在我的课堂参与评分的经验中，我觉得很难做好。可知，作者用自己的经历来证明对课堂参与度打分是如何影响学生的学习过程的。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要论述了不同的学生在课堂上有不同的学习方式，而对课堂参与度进行评分会对那些内向、不善言辞的学生造成一些不利的影响。所以作者写这篇文章的目的在于提醒老师们注意对课堂参与度进行合理评价。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】推理判断、学校生活 (School life)、细节理解、议论文
15. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) C
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。由表格第一行第一句“LUMI was designed for music lovers. ”可知，LUMI是为音乐爱好者设计的。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。由表格第三行最后一句“Amnon Shashua invented the technology.”可知，ORCAM MYEYE 2 的发明者是Amnon Shashua。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。由文章第一段最后一句“Here are four of last year's best inventions.”可知，本文介绍了四项去年的最佳发明以及这些发明给人们生活所带来的便利，属于科普类文章，因此本文可能摘自一本科学杂志。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、推理判断、发明与创造 (Inventions and creations)
一、阅读理解题
Have you ever had a problem you couldn't solve Maybe you went to a shop to look for a solution, but came home empty-handed. More and more, when this situation appears, people are creating their own devices (设备) as the solution. It's all part of the Maker Movement, made up of thousands of resourceful people who make and fix things, rather than buy them in shops. Makers do all kinds of hands-on projects, from building pizza oven (烤箱) to designing their own drones. For makers, the do-it-yourself way is more affordable, green and satisfying.
Thanks to technology, it's easier than ever to turn a thought into reality. Many makers use the same tools, just in different ways. For example, Arduino allows people to do anything from creating a talking clock to studying DNA, with very easy-to-use and free hardware (硬件) and software. Raspberry Pi is another popular maker tool. It is a low cost, bank-card sized computer that connects to computers or TVs, and uses a standard keyboard and mouse. It is a little device that enables people of all ages to explore computing. This minicomputer is as powerful as some full-sized computers. People are using Raspberry Pi for a wide variety of uses, from creating video games to powering robot.
Another key piece of technology for makers are 3D printers, which allow a normal person to create just about anything. You can even use a 3D printer to build your own 3D printer!
The availability of these technologies encourages people to be creative, but technology is only one part of the Maker Movement. Collaboration—whether online or in person—is just as important. This is clear from the growing popularity of Maker Faires, events where people come together to experiment in the areas of art, science, engineering and technology.
So, do you have what it takes to become a maker You need to be creative and willing to play around with some new technologies. You should also want to share your ideas with others. Perhaps most importantly, you can't be afraid of failure. Creators hardly ever get it right on the first try. Be brave, be creative, be co-operative and have fun!
(1) What can we infer from Paragraph 2
A．Raspberry Pi helps realise makers' ideas more easily than before.
B．Full-sized computers are much more powerful than Arduino.
C．People can communicate with their clocks through Arduino.
D．Many free video games can be created with Raspberry Pi.
(2) The word "Collaboration" in Paragraph 4 probably means "_____".
A．creating solutions B．growing quickly
C．doing experiments D．working together
(3) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Various Tools-Using
B．Creative Problem-Solving
C．Development of New Technology
D．Inventions with High-tech Devices
The Stressed-out Generation
Each generation has its own set of values and characters, but one thing common to all generations is that they are suffering (遭受) from stress. In a recent survey by the American Psychological Association (APA), all age groups now report higher levels of stress than in the past. However, survey results show that stress levels for Millennials (born roughly between 1981 and 2004) are clearly above average (均值). So, what's worrying the Millennials
Millennials are the first generation to grow up with computers in the home and the classroom. They are receiving information from everywhere all the time because of the rise of modern technology and social media. Over time, this information overload can become too much to handle and can result in continual stress, which in turn can cause serious physical and emotional problems. Another cause, according to writer Michael D. Hais, is that many Millennials have lived easy lives because of overprotective parents. These young adults are short of problem-solving skills and may have trouble dealing with fear of failure once they leave home.
However, the survey results may be a bit misleading as they don't take into account public attitudes toward stress and mental illness. Ronald Kessler of Harvard Medical School, points out that changes in social attitudes have helped lessen the shame related to mental illness over the years. For example, the creation of health-related television programming and specialty magazines such as Psychology Today has drawn people's attention to mental health problems. It's possible that younger people now are more willing to admit (承认) to being stressed than in the past.
Despite the high levels of stress reported by Millennials in the APA survey, there is reason for happiness. Many happiness and well-being surveys show that happiness generally increases as people grow older. As Millennials get more life experience and develop better problem-solving skills over time, they should become better at dealing with stress.
Moreover, with deeper understanding of mental health issues today, the shame related to seeing a psychologist (心理医生) has lessened. This means that people are more likely to look for professional help to lower their stress levels. There are now many kinds of stress management skills such as exercise and meditation (冥想). Millennials must develop these skills to deal with stress in order to be productive members of their community. Once they do, they will be able to look back with satisfaction on the world they helped create.
(1) What does the survey by APA show
A．Millennials are more stressed than most generations.
B．Millennials are worried about their own characters.
C．It's normal for many Millennials to feel stressed.
D．Stress levels differ because of different values.
(2) What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The problems caused by Millennials' overprotective parents.
B．The results of receiving a great amount of information.
C．The ways Millennials deal with modern technology.
D．The causes of Millennials suffering more stress.
(3) According to the passage, what are people like today compared to the past
A．They are more likely to become psychologists.
B．They are more talented in using modern technology.
C．They are more willing to look for professional help with stress.
D．They are more independent and have good problem-solving skills.
(4) What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
A．To draw parents' attention to Millennials' emotional problems.
B．To remind us of the importance of getting more life experience.
C．To offer some right ways of developing problem-solving skills.
D．To encourage Millennials to deal with stress in proper ways.
The Most Unusual Traditions in the World
Each country or region (地区) has its own laws and traditions, and some of them cause sincere surprises and misunderstanding among people of other countries and regions.
Boxing Day Throwing Cinnamon (肉桂) to Those Still Single at 25
In Australia, Boxing Day is on December 26, the day after Christmas. On the day, workers, businessmen, and the poor traditionally are presented with gifts. People spend time with their families and loved ones. They watch sports, play games, hunt, go for walks and eat Christmas leftovers (剩饭). People also love to shop on Boxing Day. In Denmark, people throw cinnamon to anyone who is single, as long as they are over the age of 25. Sometimes the person is put in the water with lots of cinnamon sticks on his or her birthday, mostly by friends and family members. It encourages the singles to look for their partners before they are 25.
Burns Night Flowered Clothes
In Scotland, Burns Night is celebrated in honor of the poet Robert Burns and his contribution (贡献) to the Scottish culture. On the 25th of every January, people prepare a dish called Haggis, a kind of sausage. The tradition is to read the poem on that dish written by Burns before eating. In Hawaii in America, people are very friendly. They welcome each visitor with a long necklace made of beautiful fresh flowers. Men visitors are invited to wear bright flowered shirts and women often wear long flowered dresses. People often say "Aloha" to each other. Aloha means both hello and good-bye. It also means "I love you".
(1) Boxing Day is on _____.
A．December 26 B．one's 25th birthday
C．January 25 D．December 25
(2) Burns night is celebrated in _____.
A．Australia B．Denmark C．Scotland D．America
(3) _____ is the tradition in Hawaii.
A．Throwing cinnamon on the singles
B．Reading the poem on the dish
C．Eating Christmas leftovers
D．Wearing flowered clothes
Food for Good
In late August, after Hurricane (飓风) Dorian passed, José Andrés led a team of chefs and other volunteers to the disaster area, where they immediately set up kitchens and cooked 30,000 meals a day. Because of their arrival, people affected by the disaster could eat fresh and healthy food, which was unimaginable in the past.
Before 2016, people in the disaster areas were only able to get prepackaged (预先包装的) meals, which usually didn't taste great and some of the food was even unhealthy. Andres ,who owns several popular restaurants in the United States , thought he could solve the problem. As a chef, he has the experience of creating delicious dishes and running a kitchen. What's more, he can even design dishes that suit the local tastes. So he set up the World Central Kitchen (WCK) ,an organization offering freshly made and healthy meals free for people affected by natural disasters.
Last year, WCK, with only 25 staff members, fed millions of survivors (幸存者) of 13 disaster areas around the world. How could they make it Much of its work was done by volunteers from the disaster areas. The youngest volunteer once was even a 10-year-old girl who could run parts of the kitchen on her own." She became a general in my army of volunteers," Andres said. The girl and 20,000 volunteers served almost four million meals after Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico.
"You know good food has great power. A hot meal expresses love, hope and humanity," Andres said. "It is so important when people are deeply affected by disasters."
(1) What did José Andrés and his team do after Hurricane Dorian
A．They built new houses.
B．They taught how to cook.
C．They sent medicine to the sick.
D．They offered freshly made meals.
(2) Who worked in the WCK
A．25 doctors and nurses.
B．Some chefs and volunteers.
C．A ten-year-old girl and her family.
D．Many officers from the government.
(3) According to Andrés, the power of good food can ____.
A．improve chefs' creativity
B．help volunteers save energy
C．bring survivors warmth and hope
D．make chefs' restaurants more popular
When you think of robots, what is the first thing that comes to mind Do you think of science fiction movies like Star Wars, where robots of all shapes and sizes are part of daily life The word "robot" itself comes from a play written in 1920 by Karel Capek. In the play, people create robots to do some everyday tasks.
Today, most robots don't look like human. Modern robots take many forms and are good at many things, from sweeping the floors in your home to working in factories. They are even exploring the surface of the moon. But there is an interesting irony (讽刺) in the world of robotics which describes a surprising problem: What humans find easy is extremely complicated for a robot. However, what humans find difficult is pretty easy for a robot. For example, picking up clothes in a messy room is simple for people. But that kind of chore is very hard for a robot. Another example is the game of chess. People might find it difficult to win the game of chess all the time. But robots like Alpha-Go can be programmed to play it very well.
This is because robots are very good at doing things in controlled environments. However, moving through a room filled with random (随机的) objects is hard for robots, along with picking up objects of different shapes and sizes without damaging them. In short, it is very difficult for them to deal with certain types of variables.
It turns out that one of the most difficult things to improve in robots is their ability to control objects. Luckily, great progress is being made in the development of robots. On the one hand, exciting developments in making human-like hands and legs are underway. On the other hand, the biggest progress might result from using virtual learning (虚拟学习) to "teach" robots through computer simulations (模拟). In this way, robots can "guess" what to do without an order when they meet unfamiliar things in the real world.
Soon, robots may be able to do those things that humans find simple. That means big changes in what robots can do and how they can help us with daily tasks. Robots might make movies a reality.
(1) What's the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To give an example. B．To present the topic.
C．To explain what robots are. D．To show how robots develop.
(2) According to the passage, what might be difficult for robots
A．Playing chess. B．Washing the dishes.
C．Making cars in factories. D．Gathering up clothes in a mess.
(3) What's the writer's opinion about robots in the future
A．They will cause further problems for people.
B．They will deal with new things depend on orders.
C．They can hardly develop until they look like human.
D．They can benefit people more by making improvements.
Though being a parent has never been easy, the Internet hasn't made the job any easier. Just how seriously are parents taking their role of monitoring (监控) their children's online behavior
A new study from the Digital Future Project finds a sharp difference in parental ways of Internet supervision (监督). 70% of parents say they monitor their kids' online activity while on Facebook and other social media sites. In contrast, 30% of parents don't step in kids' online life because they trust their kids, don't want to show a lack of trust, don't know how to use social media sites or don't have time to. Such a divide is due to the fact that parents fall in multiple generations with many different types of parenting styles.
Many parents take a wide range of actions to monitor and police their teen's online behavior. Nearly six-in-ten parents say they often or sometimes check which websites their teen visits. 46% have password to log in their children's social media accounts. In order to combat unsafe websites surfing, some parents even download softwares such as Spectorsoft, which blocks, records and alerts parents by monitoring kids' Internet use.
However, parenting expert Gwenn Schurgin O'keeffe, CEO of a parenting website , advises against using such software as Spectorsoft unless it's a unique situation. "You do things because you love your kids and you want to protect them," she says. "But kids aren't these evil (邪恶的) creatures. Not trusting the online world should not be your only consideration."
With growing concerns, great efforts have been made globally to ensure Internet safety and quality for youngsters. The US government updated COPPA (the Child Online Privacy Protection Act) to increase protection for children's private information. Europe has not only given people "the right to be forgotten" on social media sites, allowing them to wipe their browsing history clean, but has also limited companies' access (进入) to personal information. "I like the idea," a user of says. "Kids and teenagers are just experimenting. Until they hurt other people, they should be free to be a kid and learn about life."
Despite these efforts, government regulations (规章) are having a hard time keeping up as new websites pop up every day. Therefore, parents still have to step up and recognize they need to be involved in their kids' lives and find that happy medium. They have to stop being so disbelieving and give kids chances and the benefit of the doubt.
(1) What does the study from the Digital Future Project find
A．It is hard to control children's online behavior.
B．Parents are divided on monitoring kids' Internet use.
C．There is a large generation gap between parents
and kids.
D．Parents who monitor kids' online activity don't trust their kids.
(2) The word "combat" in Paragraph 3 probably means "_____".
A．give up B．carry out C．fight against D．join in
(3) O'Keeffe advises against using softwares such as Spectorsoft because _____.
A．parents need to think more than the danger of Internet
B．children can surf the Internet without parents' help
C．different people have different parenting styles
D．such software is useless in a special situation
(4) The writer probably agrees that _____.
A．COPPA is helpful for collecting kids' private information
B．enough space is needed for kids to experience the online life
C．allowing kids to clean webpage records may hide the truth
D．governments play a major role in protecting children's online safety
Al (人工智能) makes our lives easier and better. Let's see the amazing AI.
Cool driverless bus A bus door opens and you get on. Wait, where is the driver Here is a new kind of driverless bus called Apolong. It was produced in 2018. It can seat 14 people and doesn't need a driver. The bus follows traffic rules.
Your close friend Hi, everyone. I'm Xiaoice, a chatbot (聊天机器人). I was "born" in 2014. I speak like a 17-year-old girl. If you feel lonely, you can talk with me. I'm good at singing and telling stories. I want to be your friend!
World's first AI presenter Hey, look! The famous Chinese presenter Qiu Hao is reporting the news for us. But, is "he" really Qiu Hao The answer is "no". This is the world's first Al presenter. It was invented in 2018. It looks and speaks just like a real person.
Popular AI artist This beautiful painting was at an auction (拍卖) in 2018. It sold for about 3,000,000 yuan! But it is not a work by a famous painter, such as Vincent van Gogh. It was painted by an AI artist. Three Frenchmen created the AI artist in 2017.
(1) When was Apolong produced
A．In 2019. B．In 2018. C．In 2017. D．In 2014.
(2) Both Qiu Hao and Xiaoice can .
A．drive B．paint C．swim D．speak
(3)
A．Three Frenchmen B．A 17-year-old girl
C．The Chinese presenter D．Vincent van Gogh
As a teenager, school was difficult for me. I had a kind of attention disorder, which means I couldn't direct my attention to what I was doing. So when everyone else in the class was centering their attention on tasks, I could not.
In my first reading class, Mrs. Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it, all finished in 45 minutes. I immediately put up my hand and said, "Mrs. Smith, you see, the doctor said I have attention problems. I might not be able to finish the task. She looked down at me through her glasses, saying, "You are not different from your classmates, young man." With her encouragement, I tried. But I didn't finish the reading when the bell rang. I had to take it home.
In the quietness of my bedroom, the story suddenly all became clear to me. It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education. But Louis didn't give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots (点)，which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.
Wasn't I the "blind" in my class, being made to learn like the "sighted" students With thoughts running through my head, I found myself deeply attracted in reading and writing. I completed the task in less than 40 minutes. I realized that I was not different from others. I just needed a quieter place. If Louis could find his way out of his problem, why should I ever give up
I didn't expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs. Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day with an "A" on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words: "See what you can do when you keep trying "
(1) School was difficult for the writer because _____.
A．he didn't like the teacher
B．the tasks were too boring to him
C．he got a kind of attention disorder
D．his classmates talked with him in class
(2) Mrs. Smith's words in Paragraph 3 show that .
A．she encouraged him B．she laughed at him
C．she felt sorry for him D．she was pleased with him
(3) What can we learn from the passage
A．Never stop reading. B．Never give up easily.
C．How to be a great teacher. D．How to learn as a blind.
Success seems to be what everyone longs for in life no matter how old he is. Students want to succeed at study. Adults look forward to their success at work. Have you ever wondered what is the key to success Some may say the answer is good luck. Some may say hard work is the key. In fact, hard work really does pay off. Scientists find that perseverance (坚持不懈) leads to better grades and higher achievements in school.
"Being passionate (热诚的) is not enough to make sure that you can achieve success in your schoolwork," say researchers, and they thought of "courage" as a key to success. Courage is also considered as effort in reaching long-term goals, and a strong will to continue one's efforts no matter what difficulties they might go through.
Researchers think that the finding could help create new training to help children develop the skill and help them to succeed in their future.
Researchers from the Academy of Finland studied more than 2,000 students from Helsinki. They were followed through their learning from 12 to 16, the sixth grade until the ninth grade in local school years. Researchers found that the factor (因素) that best predicts courage was related to goals. What they had achieved in their past learning played no role in developing the skill.
Professor Katariina Salmela-Aro, who led the study, said, "Courage means a young person is really interested in his or her studies and does not give up easily. A key factor of courage is high perseverance when facing difficulties or in a terrible situation. The important finding is that these factors are the key to success and well-being. Our study shows the power of courage."
Professor Salmela-Aro also thinks it is important to develop new practices and build character to improve courage in teenagers. She added, "Young people should see everyday schoolwork as part of their life in a wider context (背景) and set achievable goals for themselves. Schools must also serve as a place where it is safe to fail and learn to deal with setbacks. One must not be discouraged by setbacks, but draw power and new energy from them!"
(1) What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Where courage comes from. B．How students can draw power.
C．What courage is thought of as. D．Why having energy is important.
(2) According to the passage, Professor Katariina Salmela-Aro believes that .
A．courage might be developed with the help of schools
B．teenagers with courage show strong interests in success
C．courage can help reduce the number of difficulties in learning
D．teenagers' achievement in the past can influence their courage
(3) The word "setbacks" in Paragraph 6 probably means " ".
A．changes B．difficulties C．weaknesses D．efforts
Do you have good friends Do you sometimes feel so close to them that they are like family to you
It turns out that this isn't just an expression. A study by Yale University has found that you and your friends have more genes (基因) in common than strangers do. Researchers looked at the genes of 1,932 people and compared them in pairs of unrelated friends and strangers. They found that friends have 1% of genes that match.
"1% of genes may not sound like much to the layperson (外行), but to geneticists (遗传学家) it is a larger number," Professor Nicholas Christakis of Yale University told Discovery News. In fact, this is the same amount of genes you share with your fourth cousins, those who have the same great-great-great grandparents as you.
So do you happen to become friends with people who share your genes Not at all. In fact, it is evolution (进化) that brings you together.
People who share certain genes also share skills and have similar likes and dislikes, researchers said. In ancient times, it was important that people who were alike stayed together. For example, people who had a similar susceptibility (易感性) to the cold were more likely to help each other build a fire, giving them a better chance to stay alive.
Researchers also found that among all the genes studied, those producing a change in sense of smell were the most similar in friends. This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments. For example, people who like the smell of coffee may hang out at cafes (咖啡馆) more often and as a result are more likely to meet and become friends with each other.
With their findings, the team has developed an interesting test called the "friendship score". It can help tell how big the chances are that two people will be friends by studying their genes.
So, here is a question for you: would you like to take this test and know in advance (提前) who your friends are going to be, or would you still prefer to learn about it by yourself and let time be the judge
(1) From the passage, we know that friends _____.
A．look like our cousin B．share 1% of genes with us
C．feel close to our family D．can help us when we feel cold
(2) According to the passage, the writer probably agrees _____.
A．we develop our friendship by chance
B．our genes decide who we can make friends with
C．everyone should take the test called "friendship score"
D．people sharing certain genes have skills and interests in common
(3) The writer takes the example of ancient people in Paragraph 5 to _____.
A．study how ancient people dealt with the cold
B．predict that similar environments lead to friendship
C．prove that it is evolution that brings friends together
D．explain why ancient people gave each other chance to keep alive
(4) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Friendship: Its Influence on People and Behavior
B．Friendship: Its Benefits to Teens and Decision-Making
C．Friendship: Is it necessary to be judged by time
D．Friendship: Is it possible to be influenced by genes
Here are some books about space travel. Take a trip to the Moon and beyond with these encouraging reads.
Balloon to the Moon The Extraordinary Life of Neil Armstrong
Long before anyone had designed a rocket, the Montgolfier brothers were making hot air balloons. In October 1783, they became the first people to experience controlled flight. Balloon to the Moon starts there and leads to Neil Armstrong's "small step" and beyond. Learn about all the progress of the space travel, then get ready for an unknown but exciting future. Neil Armstrong made history in 1969 when he became the first person to set foot on the Moon. From his childhood playing with model planes to becoming one of the most famous astronauts of all time, discover the wonderful story of Neil Armstrong's life in this book. It has lots of facts and pictures, and shows the key events in his life.
To Space & Back Counting on Katherine
Sally Ride became the first American woman in space in 1983. In this book, Sally shares her personal experience of traveling into space. From discussing the experience of living and working in space to explaining how astronauts train and adapt (适应) to their new environment, she talks about her journey through space. This encouraging book tells the story of Katherine Johnson who has a gift for math. She helped make the historic Apollo 11 moon landing possible and made sure that Apollo 13 returned home safely when the mission (任务) was in danger.
(1) Who first experienced controlled flight in October 1783
A．The Montgolfier brothers. B．Katherine Johnson.
C．Neil Armstrong. D．Sally Ride.
(2) If a girl is interested in women astronauts' life in space, she will probably read _____.
A．To Space & Back
B．Balloon to the Moon
C．Counting on katherine
D．The Extraordinary Life of Neil Armstrong
(3) What did Katherine Johnson do
A．She designed the first rocket.
B．She recorded key events of space travel.
C．She explained how astronauts trained for space travel.
D．She helped make the Apollo 11 moon landing possible.
People can reduce, reuse, or recycle waste instead of throwing it away. Matt and Sam decided to do an experiment. They wanted to see exactly how much waste the three R's could save.
First, they collected the rubbish from six classrooms at their school. They divided the rubbish into three groups:
● things that were reusable, such as a pencil or a marker that had been thrown away
● things that could be recycled, such as cans, glass, or paper
● things that were truly waste
Then, Matt and Sam weighed each of the three groups. They learned that 84% of the total rubbish thrown away that day could be recycled or reused. They decided to do something about it.
Matt and Sam presented the idea of starting a recycling programme to the school leaders. Then they worked with the Student Council. They prepared brochures (手册) to send home to tell the students and their families about recycling. They stated in the brochure that recycling helps to keep our planet healthy. The school bought colored containers (容器) for each classroom. Each room received a blue container for paper and a green container for glass and cans. They also received a red container for real rubbish.
Within a short time, each classroom in the school was sorting recyclable materials from rubbish before it was thrown. Matt and Sam decided to weigh the rubbish one more time. They wanted to check the school's progress. They collected the rubbish from the red containers from the same six classrooms as before. They sorted the rubbish into three groups again and weighed each group. This time, they were pleased to find that the red containers were filled with 90% waste that should be thrown away. Only 10% of recyclable materials had been thrown into the red containers. Matt and Sam were pleased with their school's effort at reducing waste on our planet.
(1) By doing an experiment, Matt and Sam wanted to find out _____.
A．what things could be reused
B．what recyclable materials could be saved
C．how much waste the three R's could save
D．how much waste their school produced a day
(2) What did Matt and Sam do in the recycling programme
A．They made a speech on recycling.
B．They wrote a report to the school leaders.
C．They bought colored containers for each classroom.
D．They helped students and their families know about recycling.
(3) Which word can best describe Matt and Sam
A．Responsible. B．Friendly. C．Independent. D．Confident.
We see logos on signs, buildings, television, and even on the clothes we wear. Logos are used to stand for brands (品牌). There are logos such as the Nike "swoosh", the Apple logo and the colorful rings of the Olympic Games. All of these logos are designed to attract our attention. They also help us remember a product or service connected to the logo. However, research performed at the University of California, Los Angeles finds that remembering the details of logos is very difficult. The researchers try to explain this.
Logos are typically designed to be simple and easy to recognize. Yet the frequent exposure (频繁接触) to these logos can actually make our brains overlook the details of logos. It would be challenging to try to remember every single thing that crosses our path. We take in so much information every day that the brain works to notice information that does not need to be stored. It allows the unimportant information to disappear gradually from our memory.
The details of product logos are just the kind of information our brains tell us we do not need. This may be discouraging to logo designers and to companies that use these eye-catching logos. But there are still many business experts who believe in the importance of a recognizable logo.
Even though the brain is likely to pay no attention to unnecessary details, it is also programmed for recognition. When we see logos over and over again, we become familiar (熟悉的) with them. This repeated exposure leads our brains to remember the basic idea without all of the details. This general sense of memory has its own benefits. It can make us feel like we really know the product behind the logo. In fact, familiarity with a logo can even make people feel more comfortable about buying or using certain products.
Logos are everywhere we look today. Those people who create logos need to know that people will only remember what they believe is important. A clever design may be interesting, but most people will forget the details.
(1) In the first paragraph, the writer mainly _____.
A．introduces some famous brands
B．describes the design of some logos
C．shows the popularity of famous brands
D．explains the purpose of designing logos
(2) The word "overlook" in Paragraph 2 probably means "_____".
A．try to remember B．see the importance of
C．take no notice of D．fail to understand
(3) What can we learn from the passage
A．Business experts think the details of logos are unnecessary.
B．Our brains can choose which logos to notice and remember.
C．The repeated exposure to a logo can lead people to buy the product.
D．People know more about the products behind logos with more details.
(4) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．What Makes a Good Logo
B．What Can We see in
a Logo
C．Why Is a Good Logo Important
D．Why Should Logos Be Recognizable
The students are quieting down in their seats. The teacher begins to give lessons. Then she asks a question for the class to answer, and the students all react in separate ways.
Each student is special with different strengths and weaknesses. Because of this fact, different students learn differently. While some may learn by quickly answering the teacher's question, speaking up with ease and comfort, others may learn just as well by listening to their classmates and teacher speak. These students should not be punished for learning the way they do, but when teachers grade class participation (参与), that is exactly what they are doing.
According to a survey carried out by Bonnie M. Miller, a professor at University of Massachusetts Boston, 60% of her students believe that grading participation does not encourage them to participate more in class. They feel more comfortable expressing their thoughts if they know what they say will not be given a number later on.
Some other students believe that when class participation is graded, teachers are awarding outgoing students while punishing shy ones. Grading class participation sends the message that shy students are not good students. It makes them feel like they should be outgoing, loud, and able to learn by talking, which makes them feel uncomfortable.
In my experience with classes where class participation was graded, I felt difficult to do well. For example, instead of being able to fully focus on what my teacher and classmates said, my mind would race with the things that I could possibly share in the class discussion. Either I would be too slow in raising my hand, or feel too nervous to lift it at all. Imagining my falling grades, wishing that I could somehow be a more outgoing person, suddenly my thoughts would be interrupted by the sound of my classmates getting up to leave, and I would realize that I learned nearly nothing that class.
What's more, by focusing on the students who talk the most in class, teachers fail to award students who may be good listeners—a skill that is as important as being able to talk in front of a group of people.
Teachers can increase class participation by providing different ways of grading participation that are acceptable to different personalities and learning ways. For example, they can give students opportunities to write their ideas. Most importantly, teachers should create classrooms where students want to learn.
(1) According to the passage, in a class where participation is graded, .
A．most students are likely to act actively
B．some students feel stressed to be who they are
C．students are forced to listen to their classmates
D．students are encouraged to learn the way they prefer
(2) The writer talks about his own experience in Paragraph 5 to explain .
A．why students care much about grades
B．why listening is as important as speaking up
C．how grading participation influences learning process
D．how students feel when preparing for speaking up in class
(3) What's the writer's main purpose in writing the passage
A．To remind teachers of the importance of grading properly in class.
B．To tell students the effect their personalities have on learning.
C．To encourage teachers to keep students active in class.
D．To provide students with ways to participate in class.
Every year, many inventions are introduced to the world. Some help us solve problems. Others make life easier, or more fun. Here are four of last year's best inventions.
LUMI was designed for music lovers. "We hope that LUMI can help people who have just started learning how to play music," says the inventor Will MacNamara. The small Lumi keyboard lights up, allowing users to know which keys to press. And with the LUMI app, users can learn their favorite songs.
Millions of people around the world have to face the problem of unsafe food. Marc Oshima says his indoor farming technology can help. Instead of growing in dirt, crops grow in reusable cloth. The plants are watered with mist. This requires 95% less water than field farming.
For people who are blind, the ORCAM MYEYE 2 could be a game changer. It might also prove useful for people with reading difficulties. Described as "talking glasses", it can read text aloud. Amnon Shashua invented the technology.
Christine Schindler is an engineer. She wanted to help stop the spread of foodborne illnesses, so she created PATHSPOT. It uses light to scan (扫描) a person's hands for harmful germs. Restaurant workers hold their hands under the scanner. Then the scanner decides whether they should be rewashed.
(1) LUMI was designed for _____.
A．indoor farmers B．music lovers
C．blind people D．restaurant workers
(2) Who is the inventor of the ORCAM MYEYE 2
A．Will MacNamara. B．Marc Oshima.
C．Amnon Shashua. D．Christine Schindler.
(3) Where can we probably read this passage
A．A medical website. B．A travel guide.
C．A school notice. D．A
science magazine.
答案
一、阅读理解题（共15题）
1. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) D
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Thanks to technology, it's easier than ever to turn a thought into reality. 多亏了技术，我们比以往任何时候都更容易把想法变成现实。”及第四句“Raspberry Pi is another popular maker tool. Raspberry Pi是另一个流行的制作工具。”可知，科技使人们比以往更容易把想法变成现实了，而Raspberry Pi正是例证之一，因此它也可以让创客的想法更易实现。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。通读第四段尤其是第三句“This is clear from the growing popularity of Maker Fairs, events where people come together to experiment in the areas ofart, science, engineering and technology. 这一点从越来越受欢迎的创客博览会(Maker fair)上就可以看出来，人们聚集在一起，在艺术、科学、工程和技术领域进行实验。”可知，创客交易会是人们聚在一起在艺术、科学、工程和技术领域进行实验的活动，主要说的是人与人之间的交流、分享、合作等。这是对上文中画线词的具体解释。由此可推知，画线词应意为“合作”，与D项意思相近。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了越来越多的人遇到问题会自己想办法解决，而创客运动就是具体的表现，并鼓励我们要努力创新，这样才能解决问题。B项“创造性地解决问题”能概括文章大意，适合做标题。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】说明文、最佳标题、科学技术 (Science and technology)、推理判断、猜测词义
2. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) D
(3) C
(4) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：However, survey results show that stress levels for Millennials (born roughly between 1981 and 2004) are clearly above average (均值). 然而，调查结果显示，千禧一代(大约出生于1981年至2004年之间)的压力水平明显高于平均水平。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是主旨大意题。答案出处：So, what's worrying the Millennials 那么，千禧一代在担心什么呢？结合第二段可知，第二段分析了千禧一代压力大的原因。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：This means that people are more likely to look for professional help to lower their stress levels. 这意味着人们更有可能寻求专业帮助来降低他们的压力水平。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：Millennials must develop these skills to deal with stress in order to be productive members of their community. 为了成为社区中富有成效的成员，千禧一代必须培养这些应对压力的技能。通读全文可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了鼓励千禧一代用恰当的方法来应对压力。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】说明文、细节理解、情感与情绪 (Feelings and moods)、推理判断、主旨大意
3. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) C
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：In Australia, Boxing Day is on December 26, the day after Christmas. 在澳大利亚，节礼日在12月26日，也就是圣诞节后的第二天。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：In Scotland, Burns Night is celebrated in honor of the poet Robert Burns and his contribution (贡献) to the Scottish culture. 在苏格兰，人们庆祝“彭斯之夜”是为了纪念诗人Robert Burns以及他对苏格兰文化做出的贡献。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Men visitors are invited to wear bright flowered shirts and women often wear long flowered dresses. 男游客被邀请穿着鲜艳的花衬衫，女游客则通常穿着花长裙。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、社会文化 (Social Culture)
4. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) B
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“In late August, after Hurricane (飓风) Dorian passed, José Andrés led a team of chefs and other volunteers to the disaster area, where they immediately set up kitchens and cooked 30,000 meals a day. 8月底，飓风多里安经过后，José Andrés带领一队厨师和其他志愿者前往灾区，立即建立了厨房，每天烹饪3万份饭菜。”可知，José Andrés和他的团队在Dorian飓风过后，为灾民提供新鲜烹饪的餐食。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“So he set up the World Central Kitchen(WCK),an organization offering freshly made and healthy meals free for people affected by natural disasters. 因此，他建立了世界中央厨房(WCK)，这个组织为受自然灾害影响的人们免费提供新鲜和健康的食物。”及第一段第一句中的“In late August, after Hurricane (飓风) Dorian passed, José Andrés led a team of chefs and other volunteers to the disaster area, where they immediately set up kitchens and cooked 30,000 meals a day. 8月底，飓风多里安经过后，José Andrés带领一队厨师和其他志愿者前往灾区，立即建立了厨房，每天烹饪3万份饭菜。”可推知，在WCK工作的是一些厨师和志愿者。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句“You know good food has great power. A hot meal expresses love,hope and humanity. 你知道好的食物有强大的力量。一顿热腾腾的饭表达着爱、希望和人性。”可知，在Andres看来，美食拥有给幸存者带来温暖和希望的力量。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】推理判断、细节理解、记叙文、志愿活动 (Volunteering)
5. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) D
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。通读第一段内容可知，文章开头通过两个问句向读者发起提问，目的是引出文章的话题——机器人。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：For example, picking up clothes in a messy room is simple for people. But that kind of chore is very hard for a robot. 例如，在乱七八糟的房间里捡衣服，对人们来说很简单。 但对于一个机器人来说，这种家务活是很难的。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：Soon, robots may be able to do those things that humans find simple. That means big changes in what robots can do and how they can help us with daily tasks. Robots might make movies a reality. 很快，机器人可能能够做那些人类觉得简单的事情。这意味着机器人可以做什么以及它们如何帮助我们完成日常任务的重大变化。机器人可能会让电影成为现实。可知，在不久的将来，机器人也许能够做人类认为简单的事情，它们可能让电影成为现实。由此可推知，作者认为通过不断发展和改进，机器人对人们会有更大的帮助。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、推理判断、科学技术 (Science and technology)
6. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) C
(3) A
(4) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。通读第二段可知，数字未来项目的研究表明，有70%的家长会监管孩子的网络行为，而30%的家长则表示信任自己的孩子，或是不想表现出不信任、不懂如何使用社交媒体网站以及没有时间去管。由此可知，家长们在监管孩子的互联网行为这一问题上存在分歧，意见不一致。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“In order to combat unsafe websites surfing, some parents even download softwares such as Spectorsoft, which blocks, records and alerts parents by monitoring kids' Internet use.”可知，为了防止（孩子）浏览不安全的网站，一些家长甚至下载了 Spectorsoft等软件。通过这些软件监控孩子对互联网的使用，来拦截（危险网页）、记录（浏览信息）和提醒（自己）。由此可推知，combat应意为“防止，对抗”，与C项意思一致。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“advises against using such software as Spectorsoft unless it's a unique situation”以及最后一句“Not trusting the online world should not be your only consideration.”可知，O'keeffe认为，除非特殊情况，否则不建议使用此类软件，因为网络安全并非是家长需要考虑的唯一问题，还应该更多地关注网络之外的危险。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(4) 此题是推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“They have to stop being so disbelieving and give kids chances and the benefit of the doubt.”可推知，作者认为家长必须停止怀疑，给孩子们机会和空间体验网络，而不是监督和侵犯他们的隐私。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】说明文、推理判断、细节理解、猜测词义、研究 (Studies and researches)
7. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) D
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Here is a new kind of driverless bus called Apolong. It was produced in 2018. 这是一种新型的无人驾驶巴士，叫做Apolong。它产于2018年。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：I'm Xiaoice, a chatbot (聊天机器人). 我是Xiaoice，一个聊天机器人。It looks and speaks just like a real person. 它的样子和说话方式都和真人一样。由此可知，Qiu Hao和Xiaoice都能说话。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Three Frenchmen created the AI artist in 2017. 2017年，三名法国人创造了这位人工智能艺术家。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、科学技术 (Science and technology)
8. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) A
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“I had a kind of attention disorder, which means I couldn't direct my attention to what I was doing. 我有一种注意力障碍，也就是说我不能把注意力集中到我正在做的事情上。”可知，上学对作者来说很困难，是因为作者患有注意力障碍。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“With her encouragement,I tried. 在她的鼓励下，我试了试。”可知，Smith 老师的这番话是在鼓励作者。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章通过讲述作者坚定信念、不轻言放弃，最终克服自身缺陷的故事告诉我们不要轻易放弃。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】细节理解、推理判断、记叙文、个人经历 (Personal experiences)
9. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) A
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是主旨大意题。答案出处：Courage is also considered as effort in reaching long-term goals, and a strong will to continue one's efforts no matter what difficulties they might go through. 勇气也被认为是实现长期目标的努力，以及不管他们可能会经历什么困难继续努力的坚强意志。通读第二段可知，本段主要讲了什么是勇气。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：Schools must also serve as a place where it is safe to fail and learn to deal with setbacks. One must not be discouraged by setbacks, but draw power and new energy from them! 学校还必须是一个失败、学习处理挫折的安全之地。人不应因挫折而气馁，而应从中汲取力量和新的能量！由此可知，Professor Salmela-Aro认为，学校应该是一个允许失败并让学生学会应对挫折的安全的地方。也就是说学校能够帮助一个人培养勇气。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是词义猜测题。答案出处：One must not be discouraged by setbacks, but draw power and new energy from them! 人不应因挫折而气馁，而应从中汲取力量和新的能量！由此可推知，这种情况应指某种挫折。故画线词应意为“挫折”，与B项意思相近。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】说明文、成长 (Growing up)、推理判断、猜测词义、主旨大意
10. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) D
(3) C
(4) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：They found that friends have 1% of genes that match. 他们发现朋友有1%的基因匹配。可知朋友和我们有1%的相同基因。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：People who share certain genes also share skills and have similar likes and dislikes. 拥有相同基因的人也有相同的技能，有相似的好恶。可知，有相同基因的人有共同的爱好和技能。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读第五段并结合第四段最后一句“In fact, it is evolution (进化) that brings you together. 事实上，是进化把你们聚在一起。”可知，作者举古人的例子是为了证明进化使得朋友们在一起：即成为朋友。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) 此题是最佳标题题。答案出处：全文。文章讲述了基因对友谊形成的影响。由此可知“友情：可能会受基因影响吗？”是文章的最佳标题。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】说明文、推理判断、细节理解、最佳标题、研究 (Studies and researches)
11. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) A
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Long before anyone had designed a rocket, the Montgolfier brothers were making hot air balloons. In October 1783, they became the first people to experience controlled flight. 早在有人设计出火箭之前，Montgolfier兄弟就在制造热气球。1783年10月，他们成为第一批体验受控飞行的人。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：Sally Ride became the first American woman in space in 1983. In this book, Sally shares her personal experience of traveling into space. Sally Ride于1983年成为首位进入太空的美国女性。在这本书中，Sally分享了她个人的太空旅行经历。可知如果对女性宇航员的太空生活感兴趣，要看To Space & Back这本书。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：She helped make the historic Apollo 11 moon landing possible and made sure that Apollo 13 returned home safely when the mission (任务) was in danger. 她帮助Apollo11号实现了历史性的登月，并确保了Apollo13号在任务面临危险时安全返回家园。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】广告 (Advertisement)、细节理解、广告、推理判断
12. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) D
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Matt and Sam decided to do an experiment. They wanted to see exactly how much waste the three R's could save. Matt 和Sam决定做一个实验。 他们想看看三R到底能避免多少垃圾。可知，Matt 和Sam想通过试验证明3R可以避免多少垃圾。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：They prepared brochures (手册) to send home to tell the students and their families about recycling. 他们准备了小册子寄到家中，告诉学生和他们的家人关于回收的知识。可知，Matt和Sam通过发放小册子的方式向同学和他们的家人普及垃圾循环利用方面的知识。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：全文。通读全文可知，Matt和Sam有很强的环保意识和社会责任感，且他们做试验有始有终，非常有责任心。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、推理判断、记叙文、环境保护 (Environmental protection)
13. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) C
(3) C
(4) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是主旨大意题。答案出处：All of these logos are designed to attract our attention. They also help us remember a product or service connected to the logo. 所有这些标志都是为了吸引我们的注意而设计的。它们还能帮助我们记住与商标相关的产品或服务。第一段主要介绍了一些品牌的徽标，并解释了设计这些徽标的目的。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。答案出处：Yet the frequent exposure (频繁接触) to these logos can actually make our brains overlook the details of logos. 然而，频繁接触这些商标实际上会让我们的大脑忽略商标的细节。The details of product logos are just the kind of information our brains tell us we do not need. 产品标识的细节只是我们大脑告诉我们不需要的那种信息。由此可知，徽标的设计往往简单且容易识别。这些品牌徽标的细节是我们的大脑告诉我们的不需要的信息，所以即使经常看到，我们也会忽略细节。因此，画线词与C项意思相近，意为“忽略”。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：In fact, familiarity with a logo can even make people feel more comfortable about buying or using certain products. 事实上，熟悉一个标志甚至可以让人们在购买或使用某些产品时感到更舒服。由此可知，频繁接触徽标会让人们去购买这些产品。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) 此题是最佳标题题。答案出处：全文。文章主要讲述了品牌徽标的作用以及它们是如何让人们记住的。B项“我们能在徽标中看见什么？”能概括文章大意，适合做本文的标题。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】说明文、细节理解、猜测词义、最佳标题、商业活动 (Business activities)、主旨大意
14. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) C
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：It makes them feel like they should be outgoing, loud, and able to learn by talking, which makes them feel uncomfortable. 这让他们觉得自己应该外向、大声，并且能够通过交谈来学习，这让他们感到不舒服。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。答案出处：In my experience with classes where class participation was graded, I felt difficult to do well. 在我的课堂参与评分的经验中，我觉得很难做好。可知，作者用自己的经历来证明对课堂参与度打分是如何影响学生的学习过程的。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要论述了不同的学生在课堂上有不同的学习方式，而对课堂参与度进行评分会对那些内向、不善言辞的学生造成一些不利的影响。所以作者写这篇文章的目的在于提醒老师们注意对课堂参与度进行合理评价。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】推理判断、学校生活 (School life)、细节理解、议论文
15. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) C
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。由表格第一行第一句“LUMI was designed for music lovers. ”可知，LUMI是为音乐爱好者设计的。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。由表格第三行最后一句“Amnon Shashua invented the technology.”可知，ORCAM MYEYE 2 的发明者是Amnon Shashua。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。由文章第一段最后一句“Here are four of last year's best inventions.”可知，本文介绍了四项去年的最佳发明以及这些发明给人们生活所带来的便利，属于科普类文章，因此本文可能摘自一本科学杂志。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、推理判断、发明与创造 (Inventions and creations)
同课章节目录
- 词法
- 名词
- 动词和动词短语
- 动词语态
- 动词时态
- 助动词和情态动词
- 非谓语动词
- 冠词
- 代词
- 数词和量词
- 形容词副词及其比较等级
- 介词和介词短语
- 连词和感叹词
- 构词法
- 相似、相近词比较
- 句法
- 陈述句
- 一般疑问句和否定疑问句
- 特殊疑问句及选择疑问句
- 反意疑问句
- 存在句(There be句型)
- 宾语从句
- 定语从句
- 状语从句
- 主谓一致问题
- 简单句
- 并列句
- 复合句
- 主谓一致
- 主、表语从句
- 名词性从句
- 直接引语和间接引语
- 虚拟语气
- 感叹句
- 强调句
- 倒装句
- 祈使句
- 句子的成分
- 句子的分类
- 题型专区
- 单项选择部分
- 易错题
- 完形填空
- 阅读理解
- 词汇练习
- 听说训练
- 句型转换
- 补全对话
- 短文改错
- 翻译
- 书面表达
- 任务型阅读
- 语法填空
- 其他资料