2023年北京中考英语二轮复习专项练习—阅读理解2（含解析）
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2023年北京英语中考专项—阅读理解2
一、阅读理解题
chimpanzee whales
What makes humans smarter than other animals We've got a bigger brain, of course. But when it comes to brains, is bigger always better
Traditionally, scientists have thought that humans' better intelligence (智慧) came mostly from the fact that our brains are three times bigger than those of our nearest living relatives, chimpanzees. People even used to believe that men are smarter than women because men have a little larger brains.
This, however, is not the truth. Scientists at University College London in the UK have found that brain organization, and not brain size, is the key to the advantage of human intelligence, reported Live Science.
Through millions of years of gradual development, our ancestors (祖先) were pushed to get smarter all the time so that they could meet the needs of new environments. However, holding this growing intelligence in increasingly large brains was not the best choice because bigger brains require more energy to power. "This is when reorganization may come into play," said Christophe Soligo, a member of the London research team.
In the study , scientists looked at the brains of 17 kinds of primates (灵长目动物), including monkeys, apes and humans. They found that in the process of gradual development, brains didn't keep growing as a whole. Certain parts of the brain grew more than others as needed, and in this way they could make the best use of their limited brain space.
For example, when early humans were trying hard to live, the brain region (区域) which is in charge of using tools and finding food grew in size more than other regions. But in modern times, the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质)—the region in charge of social cognition (认知), moral judgments and goal-directed planning—grew more than the rest of the brain.
Think of the brain as a room. If a big room is poorly organized, it doesn't necessarily store more things than a smaller one.
Paul Manger, a professor, explains this using the example of whales. He told Scientific American: "Whales have big brains. But if you look at the actual structure (结构) of the brain, it's very simple. Brain size only matters if the rest of the brain is organized properly."
(1) According to the passage, in recent human development, .
A．the prefrontal cortex grew most in the brain
B．human's most regions of the brain didn't change
C．brain became simple because the brain space is limited
D．brain kept growing in size to deal with new environments
(2) The words "in charge of" in Paragraph 6 probably mean " ".
A．similar to B．responsible for C．in need of D．with help of
(3) The writer probably agrees that .
A．the difference between men and women has an effect on intelligence
B．the larger brains are usually organized better than the smaller ones
C．animals whose brains are organized properly can be smarter
D．the size of the brain has nothing to do with intelligence
(4) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Is Human Brain the Biggest of All Animals'
B．Do Men Have Bigger Brains than Women
C．Are Human Brains Growing as a Whole
D．Does a Bigger Brain Make you Smarter
Famous Stadiums in the World
Camp Nou Camp Nou is a football stadium in Barcelona, Spain. It is the largest stadium in Europe and the tenth largest in the world. Many international matches are played there. There is a museum in the stadium—the FC Barcelona Museum. It is considered the best football museum in the world. There are multi- media displays (多媒体展示) about the Barcelona Club and its history as well as a fantastic view of the stadium. Camp Nou is also a place where you can enjoy major concerts and other non-football events. Beijing National Stadium Beijing National Stadium, also called the Bird's Nest, is located in China. It was designed for use during the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. It is the world's largest steel structure (钢结构). The stadium has recently been transformed (改造) so that it can be used for winter sports.
Maracana Stadium Maracana Stadium is an open-air stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was opened in 1950 for the FIFA World Cup. Since then, it has mainly been used for football matches between the major football clubs in Rio de Janeiro. It is the largest stadium in South America. Wembley Stadium Wembley Stadium is located in Wembley Park in London, England. The England national football team play most of their home matches there. The stadium is also used for other sporting events. It is the second largest stadium in Europe (after Camp Nou) and one of the largest and the tallest in the world, with every seat under a roof. It was very expensive to build.
(1) Where is the Camp Nou
A．In China. B．In Brazil. C．In England. D．In Spain.
(2) Which stadium has been changed for winter sports recently
A．Camp Nou. B．Beijing National Stadium.
C．Maracana Stadium. D．Wembley Stadium.
(3) What was Maracana Stadium opened for in 1950
A．The Olympics. B．Major concerts.
C．Multi-media displays. D．The FIFA World Cup.
Two good friends, Sam and Jason, had a car accident on their way home one snowy night. The next morning, Sam woke up blind. His legs were broken. The doctor, Mr. Lee, was standing by his bed, looking at him worriedly. When he saw Sam awake, he asked, "How are you feeling, Sam " Sam smiled and said, "Not bad, Doctor. Thank you very much for doing the special operation (手术)." Mr. Lee was moved by Sam. When he was leaving, Sam said, "Please don't tell Jason about it." "Well.. Well.. OK," Mr. Lee replied.
Months later when Jason's wounds healed (愈合), Sam was still very sick. He couldn't see or walk. He could do nothing but stay in his wheelchair all day long. At first, Jason stayed with him for a few days. But days later, Jason thought it boring to spend time with a disabled man like Sam. So he went to see Sam less and less. He made new friends. From then on, he didn't go to visit Sam any more. Sam didn't have any family or friends except Jason. He felt very sad.
Things went from bad to worse. Sam died a year later. When Jason came, Mr. Lee gave him a letter from Sam. In the letter Sam said, "Dear Jason, I am disabled. But I want you to be a healthy man. So I gave my eyes to you so that you can enjoy life as a healthy man. Now you have new friends. I'm glad to see that you are as healthy and happy as usual. I'm glad you live a happy life. You are always my best friend... Sam." When he finished reading the letter, Mr. Lee said, "I have promised that I will keep this a secret until Sam is gone. Now you know it."
Jason stood there like a stone. Tears ran down his face.
(1) The car accident happened _____.
A．on one snowy morning B．when it snowed one night
C．on their way to school D．when they went to work
(2) Sam thanked Mr. Lee mainly because Mr. Lee _____.
A．saved his friend Jason's life
B．was very kind and friendly to him
C．came to see him early in the morning
D．did the operation according to his wish
(3) From the story, we can conclude that _____.
A．Sam played a joke on Jason
B．Sam always told lies to his friends
C．Sam thought friendship was important
D．Sam regretted doing the operation in the end
When you are sitting in class, have you ever drawn pictures in the margins (页边的空白处) of your notebooks If so, you are doodling. Many people think of doodling as a distraction (分心) from more important things. But it might be just the opposite. Doodling might help one focus on work.
One study shows that doodling may help you remember things you hear. In 2009 researchers asked two groups of people to listen to a phone message. One group was encouraged to doodle, but the other was not. Neither group knew that it would be asked to remember information from the message. But the group that doodled remembered 29% more.
Other people have suggested other uses for doodling. Jesse Prinz, a professor who studies doodling, says it can help you think creatively. Walking away from a problem to draw might actually help you solve it. When you come back, you'll have a fresh perspective (观点) and figure out an answer more quickly.
An author named Sunni Brown wrote a book on doodling. She argues that doodling is a tool that can help people think. She admits that people see doodling as doing nothing, but she wants to change that. In fact, she runs a business that helps companies improve organization and planning through doodling.
Brown believes doodling is helpful because it includes many ways of learning. You learn in four ways: seeing, hearing, reading or writing, and through movement. The more ways you use, the better you learn. And when you doodle while listening to a lecture, you use all four.
You might think that being good at drawing is important for doodling. But if the point of doodling is to help you think, then it doesn't matter what the picture looks like. Even if you're not an artist, doodling can help you. So next time you need help focusing, pick up a pen and doodle away!
(1) Which of the following is TRUE
A．Jesse Prinz thinks doodling can help people remember better.
B．Brown believes doodling involves four ways of learning.
C．One study shows doodling is a distraction from more important things.
D．Many people think that doodling may be good for your learning and thinking.
(2) According to the passage, when you have a problem, you might find a way to solve it by _____.
A．having a conversation B．watching a movie
C．drawing lines or shapes D．wondering in the park
(3) The writer probably agrees _____.
A．doodling has drawn more attention
B．doodling needs good drawing skill
C．doodling develop one's patience
D．doodling helps one focus attention
(4) What's the passage mainly about
A．The problems
of doodling. B．The
causes of doodling.
C．The advantages of doodling. D．The side effects of doodling.
Imagine there is a glass on a table in front of you. It has water in it but it is not full. How do you describe the glass "Half full or half empty "
If you say half full, you might be an optimist. If you say half empty, you might be the opposite—a pessimist.
Optimism and pessimism represent your general attitude toward certain situations or to life in general. And your attitude about life may be more important to living than you think.
A new study suggests that your level of optimism may affect your health. People who are optimistic may live longer than those who are pessimistic.
Researchers at Harvard University's School of Public Health in Boston did the study. They compared women with "a general expectation that good things will happen" to women who were less optimistic. They found that the optimists had a much lower risk of getting several deadly diseases, including cancer, heart disease and certain types of infection.
Eric Kim is one of the study leaders. He says there is increasing evidence that strengthening psychological (心理的) resilience may help prevent disease. Kim says that these new findings suggest that people should make efforts to increase their resilience and optimism. He says optimism is connected with healthier behaviors and healthier ways of dealing with difficulty. Optimists tend to take better care of themselves by exercising, eating healthy foods and getting enough sleep.
However, the researchers say that healthy behaviors of optimistic people only partly explain the connection with reduced risk of disease.
For the study, researchers looked at information gathered on 70,000 women in the Nurse's Health Study. This massive study began in 1975. It collects health information on those involved in the study every two years. The Harvard researchers looked at the level of optimism of the women, as well as other factors such as race, diet, physical activity level and overall health. They found the most optimistic women had nearly a 30 percent lower risk of dying from disease.
Kaitlin Hagan, another study leader, says earlier studies show that a person can use simple, low-cost methods to increase optimism. For example, thinking about and writing down the best possible outcomes for areas of their lives, like their careers or relationships.
Leslie Ralph, a clinical psychologist and counselor, has several ideas about how to increase optimism. She says each night you might plan to do two or three simple, enjoyable activities the next day, such as watching the sun rise, visiting a friend, dancing to a favorite song or reading a story with your child. And the counselor adds offering praise or support to someone can also improve your own outlook. A smile and "thank you" from another person may help you feel more optimistic.
(1) What do we know from the passage
A．Relations lie among optimism, pessimism and glass of water.
B．Good expectations increase risk of dying from disease.
C．An optimist is more likely to live healthily.
D．Supporting someone may receive praise of a pessimist.
(2) What does the underlined word "resilience" mean in Paragraph 6
A．The ability to recover from difficulty or change.
B．A way of thinking and reacting to things.
C．Factors that influence one's health.
D．The ability to experience the sense of touching body.
(3) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．To Be Optimistic or Pessimistic
B．To Look on the Bright Side or the Opposite
C．Increasing Optimism Keeps You More Active
D．Looking on the Bright Side Might Help You Live Longer
Best Ways to Improve Online Experience
Zhao Yuchen, Beijing To me, the biggest headache about studying online is my poor Internet connection. During one online class, I couldn't hear my English teacher's voice and I had to reconnect. It wasted lots of time. Since then, I have checked my network before class every day and asked other family members not to use the Internet while I'm in class.
Qiu Ziyin, Shenzhen During the first day of studying online, I was excited and listened carefully. But I soon realized that my self-discipline (自律) was weak. I've set screen time for all of my electronic devices. At night, I do preview (预习) work for the next day instead of playing with my mobile phone.
Zhao Jiawen, Shanghai It's important to know how to choose wisely when we pick online courses. For example, I had difficulty understanding certain English grammar points, so I searched for key words on our national cloud learning platform and watched several videos from teachers across China. It's good for us to get different teachers.
Zhang Penghui, Heilongjiang Online learning takes strong self-discipline and willpower. There are lots of distractions (分心) while studying at home. My mom likes to offer me snacks and drinks, which sometimes distracts me from listening during my classes. A quiet room and clean desk can help us stay focused.
(1) Who does preview work for the next day at night
A．Zhao Yuchen. B．Qiu Ziyin.
C．Zhao Jiawen. D．Zhang Penghui.
(2) Zhao Yuchen while having class online.
A．has asked other family members not to use the Internet
B．watches several videos from teachers
C．likes to have snacks and drinks
D．plays with the mobile phone
(3) Zhang Penghui thinks that _____.
A．students' self-discipline is weak
B．it's good for students to get different teachers from China
C．a quiet room and clean desk can help students stay focused
D．the biggest problem about studying online is the poor Internet connection
Love on the Phone Line
Most of us want to know what we mean to those who mean everything to us, but how do we know if we don't tell each other I want to share an experience of mine to tell you when you really love someone, tell them directly.
When I was growing up, I never heard the words "I love you" from my father. If your father never says them to you when you are a child, it gets more and more difficult for him to say those words as you get older. In fact, I never said those words to him, either.
A few years ago, I decided to make the first move. After some thought, I called my father on the phone and said: "Dad, I love you!" There was a moment of silence at the other end of the line. "Well, same back at you!" he replied quietly.
"Dad, I know you love me. When you're ready, you'll say it, too," I said with a smile. Then I hang up the phone. But fifteen minutes later, my mother called and asked if everything was "OK". She seemed nervous. "Your father seems to have something to say after answering your call." I didn't tell my mother about the call. I just told her it was a secret between us.
A few weeks later, Dad called and ended our phone conversation with the words: "Son, I love you." I was at work during this conversation and tears came to my eyes as I finally "heard" the love. This special moment took our father-son relationship to a new level. Later, we got used to saying "I love you" to each other.
I think if I had not taken the first step, I would have never heard the love from my father.
(1) What did the writer do when he decided to show love to his father
A．He spoke out his love to his father on the phone.
B．He told her mother about his love to his father.
C．He bought some flowers to show love.
D．He made a love card for his father.
(2) How did the writer's mother feel when she called him
A．Happy. B．Excited. C．Nervous. D．Confident.
(3) According to the passage, the writer wants to tell us that it's necessary _____.
A．to speak out our love B．to call our parents
C．to go home often D．to keep love secret
We take showers and use the toilet every day to get rid of bodily waste. Our brains also need to take a bath every day. How can they do it
A 2013 study found the answer. Researchers at the US University of Rochester studied the brains of mice and discovered that they cleaned themselves while the mice slept. A kind of fluid in the brain, called cerebral spinal fluid (CSF，脑脊液), was found to increase dramatically (显著地) during sleep, washing away waste proteins that had been building up between brain cells in waking hours.
"This study shows that the brain has different functional states when asleep and when awake, "Maiken Nedergaard, the lead researcher, told NBC News. It also explains why we can't seem to think clearly after a sleepless night while a good night's sleep leaves us feeling sharp and refreshed.
Now a new study, published on Oct. 31 in Science, digs a little deeper into our brains' self-cleaning procedure. Instead of mice, this time humans were the test subjects.
Researchers at Boston University, US, monitored (监测) the brain waves of 13 healthy adults who were sleeping, using accelerated fMRI, which is capable of recording faster changes inside the brain than a regular fMRI machine. They found that every 20 seconds, blood flowed out of the brain, making room for a large amount of CSF to come in and "clean". This cycle coincided with (与……一致) the rhythm of the brain's slow waves—an electrical activity that happens when we're in deep sleep.
It's still unknown how these brain activities are connected. But the mere fact that they are connected is exciting enough, since it allows researchers to piece together (拼凑出) possible new explanations for misunderstood diseases.
For example, slow-wave sleep has been proven to play a role in strengthening our memories. This may explain why people with Alzheimer's often have fewer and weaker slow brainwaves. Based on this new study, there could be one more explanation for diseased brains: They are not clean.
Nedergaard, leader of the 2013 study, is also excited about the new findings. "Maybe the most important take-home message is that sleep is a serious thing," she told Scientific American. "You really need to sleep to keep a healthy brain because it links electrical activity to a practical 'housekeeping' function."
(1) When the researchers studied the brains of mice, they found _____.
A．CSF in their brains went down when the mice slept
B．CSF carried away waste proteins in their brain during sleep
C．more waste proteins were produced in their brains when asleep
D．the more CSF was in their brains, the fewer waste proteins were there
(2) What did the researchers discover when they monitored human brain waves
A．The rhythm of the brain was slower than that of CSF.
B．The brains worked more slowly when asleep.
C．Brains were cleaned when blood flowed out.
D．It took 20 seconds for CSF to clean brains.
(3) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Connecting Brain Activities B．Cleaning in Your Dreams
C．Having a Good Sleep D．Explaining Diseases
Each country has its own secret to happiness. If "pyt", which means "don't worry about it and stuff happens", explains the relaxed attitude of Danish people, "niksen" will reveal how Dutch people combat (对抗) stress and burnout in a fast-paced lifestyle.
The term "niksen" origins from the Dutch word "niks", which refers to "nothing". Mindfulness, another welcome subject to help people have a peaceful mind. But unlike mindfulness, niksen is not about concentrating on the present moment. It's about letting yourself do nothing, and allowing your mind to run free without expectation In practice, this means "hanging around, looking at your surroundings, or listening to music as long as it's without purpose," according to Time Magazine.
Niksen sounds contrary (矛盾的) to the advice we were all given as kids. Nowadays, we're constantly told to stay busy and work harder than everyone else. But niksen opposes (反对) that mentality. It offers the chance to "deliciously do nothing", as Carolien Hamming, a coach at CSR Centrum, an organization devoted to fighting stress and burnout in the Netherlands, told Time. She thinks that niksen is essential (重要的) to staying healthy, since it's a form of mental relaxation and healing. Just as a wild animal lies in wait for their prey, niksen seems to be a natural state of being.
For some people, niksen can mean more than just stress reduction (减压). It's also a way to imagine new ideas or plans. As an early adopter of niksen, Jenny Holden, a communications expert in the UK, adds it to her daily lunch breaks. "Within 10 minutes of doing nothing—just staring and listening to myself—my head began to clear and sort out my work and home to-do lists," she told the MetroUK.
Above all, niksen is a suggestion for balancing work and rest. As Dutch-born writer Ogla Mecking wrote in US-based Whoolly Magazine, niksen is the "thorough enjoyment of life's pauses".
Everyone is encouraged to embrace your niksen moments. They revitalize (使恢复元气) you and give you the strength needed to face everyday challenges.
(1) What does niksen mean
A．Living in the moment. B．Leading a healthy lifestyle.
C．Using your wildest imagination. D．Being free and doing nothing.
(2) The writer mentions Jenny Holden in Paragraph 4 to show _____.
A．how niksen improves one's mental health
B．niksen is closely related to stress reduction
C．niksen can help people come up with new thoughts
D．niksen can offer the chance to do something more information
(3) The word "thorough" in Paragraph 5 probably means "_____".
A．long B．full C．fast D．quiet
(4) What is the passage mainly about
A．An introduction to the Dutch lifestyle.
B．Suggestions on how to balance work and rest.
C．The importance of allowing time to pause life.
D．An explanation of some Danish words about life attitudes.
Summer Holidays
This year is going to be different! Rick, Ann, Tony and Victoria are talking about their holidays this year.
Rick Ann
This year I'm not behaving well at home, and I'm not studying hard at school. My parents think I'm lazy. They're worried so they are sending me to a camp in the mountains this summer. I'm going to spend six weeks with some other teenagers like me. We are going to walk ten kilometres every day and I think it's going to be awful. This summer it is going to be interesting because I will spend it with my sister for a month. I'm planning to have a big party for her birthday. Lots of friends and family are coming. We are going to have a special meal that day and then we are going to dance. I'm sure she will like it.
Tony Victoria
This summer I will spend my summer holiday with my grandparents who live in the country. My brother and I are going to stay with them for two months. I can ride a horse every day. I can also go swimming in the lake with my grandfather. I think my holiday will be exciting. My uncle and my aunt are giving me a special holiday this year—two weeks at a football club in London! I'm not going to play football with other club members all day. We're going to visit all the famous places like the Buckingham Palace. We're looking forward to it. I'm sure we'll have unforgettable time there.
(1) Rick will spend the summer holiday with _____.
A．other teenagers B．his sister
C．his brother D．other club members
(2) What will Tony do in the summer holiday
A．Walk ten kilometres. B．Have a big party.
C．Ride a horse. D．Play football.
(3) Victoria is going to spend _____ at a football club.
A．a month B．two weeks C．six weeks D．two months
The Power of a Smile
I had an interesting experience at my children's school this week. About six months ago, a crazy father was driving his car half on the sidewalk at a fast speed, along the road into the school. I was frightened and had a conflict (冲突) with him, telling him his driving was dangerous.
Two days ago, I was walking along the road into the school, actually a foot or so on to the road because the sidewalk was full of kids, and I saw this same man sitting at the wheel of his car about 10 metres in front of me. He looked at me angrily, started up the engine and speeded past me, so close to me that the car almost brushed my coat. It was obvious he did it purposely, to try to frighten me. I hit his car with my son's school bag hard as it went by. I called the police and they told me I should get his licence (执照) plate number and they would go round and talk to him.
This morning I was walking up to the school gate with my kids and the guy got out of his car and walked up to me. I knew he was going to confront (对质) me. "Next time I'm going to run you over," he said to me.
And for some reason I smiled. "You nearly ran me over two mornings ago," I said. Then his manner suddenly changed, became less confrontational." I'm not going to be dirty, because you smiled."
Did I I didn't even realize that I had.
"I shouldn't have done it," he said. "I shouldn't have tried to make fun of you, by putting my foot down so hard. I won't do it again."
"Okay. Let's just stop it there then," I said.
He put his hand on my shoulder, and for some reason without thinking about it, I put an arm around him.
How strange! It shows how powerful a smile can be and how quickly conflict can turn to empathy (同理心), if you deal with it with a non-confrontational attitude.
(1) The writer told the crazy father his driving was _____ about six months ago.
A．careful B．slow C．dangerous D．funny
(2) The crazy father wanted to _____ by speeding past the writer two days ago.
A．save the time B．pick up his son
C．get his son's bag D．frighten the writer
(3) The crazy father changed his manner because _____.
A．the writer smiled to him B．the writer was powerful
C．the police talked to him D．the kids stopped him
Do you know what makes you happy or do you just think you know At first, these two questions look the same. If you think something makes you happy, then it makes you happy. You know yourself, don't you
Write a list of all the things that make you happy. How many of them are fun Most of them So, if you spend your time doing all these fun things, you'll be really happy, won't you
Well, maybe not. For most people, fun isn't enough for real happiness. Paul Dolan wrote a book called Happiness by Design. He thinks happiness comes from both pleasure and purpose. If most of the things on your list are about pleasure, that is what you think makes you happy. But you also need activities with purpose.
If you're a student, your job is studying and passing exams. It's easy to do well in subjects you like, but subjects you don't like are less motivating. They're not fun for you, but you have to study them so you need to find purpose. An A in a subject you hate won't help the world. But can you be part of a study team with friends Each person can study one part until they understand it and then teach it to the rest of the group. The purpose becomes helping the team.
Go back to your list of things that make you happy. How many of them are activities that bring purpose Can you add any Remember, some activities might bring both pleasure and purpose.
Now you need to design a happy life. Paul Dolan believes people should "decide, design, do". First decide what brings you pleasure and purpose. Then, don't just think about these activities, fill your life with them. For example, you might love riding a bike but never have time to do it. So, ride to school or the library or the shops. If you live too far away, take your bike on the bus or train. Get off early and ride the rest of the way. If you go in the car, put it in the back, stop a few kilometres away and ride the rest. Or move somewhere you can ride more. Some parts of our lives are good or bad luck, but we can still design the rest to make more happiness.
(1) According to Paul Dolan, happiness is from both _____.
A．patience and luck B．pleasure and
purpose
C．subjects and grades D．conditions and decisions
(2) What does the word "motivating" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Encouraging. B．Helpful. C．Disappointing. D．Valuable.
(3) Which of the following would be the best title of the passage
A．Destroying Happiness B．Enjoying Happiness
C．Creating Happiness D．Delivering Happiness
Can We Learn More by Trusting than by Not Trusting
Most of us have been burned by misplaced trust. These experiences lead us to believe that people are too trusting.
But in fact, we don't trust enough. A survey about trust in the United States has found that interpersonal trust, a measure (测量) of whether people think others are in general trustworthy, is at its lowest in nearly 50 years.
If people are more trustworthy, why don't we trust more
When you trust someone, you end up working out whether your trust is justified (证明……合理) or not. A child next door asks if he can visit your place. If you accept, you will find out whether or not he's a good neighbor. A classmate advises you to adopt a new reading method. If you follow the advice, you will find out whether the new method works better than the one you were used to.
However, when you don't trust someone, you never find out whether you should trust them. If you don't invite the child over, you won't know whether he would have made a good neighbor or not. If you don't follow your classmate's advice, you won't know if the new method is in fact superior.
This information means that we learn more by trusting than by not trusting. Moreover, when we trust, we learn not only about specific persons, we learn more generally about the type of situations in which we should or shouldn't trust. We get better at trusting.
When our trust is disappointing, the costs are visible (明显的), and our reaction (反应) changes from trouble all the way to hopelessness. The benefit what we've learnt from our mistake is easy to overlook. However, the costs of not trusting someone we could have trusted are invisible. We won't know about the friendship we could have built if we don't let that child go into our place. We won't realise how useful some advice would have been if we don't use our classmate's tip about the new reading method.
Giving people a chance isn't only the moral (道德的) thing to do. It's also the smart thing to do.
(1) The writer mentions the survey about trust in the United States in Paragraph 2 to show that .
A．Americans are popular B．the measure is unbelievable
C．interpersonal trust is important D．people are short of enough trust
(2) We can to make us get better at trusting.
A．try to refuse other people's help
B．change our feelings of disappointment
C．find out the balance between trust and mistrust
D．make a smart decision and give people a chance
(3) What can we learn from the passage
A．The friendship between friends is trustworthy.
B．The costs of mistaken mistrust are largely hidden.
C．We can get more from not trusting than from trusting.
D．It is unlikely that people are less trustworthy than before.
(4) What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
A．To stress we should trust other people more.
B．To question all the experiences of misplaced trust.
C．To introduce some of the trust that can bring us benefits.
D．To discuss which situation we should or shouldn't trust in.
Who do you admire most
Jackie, 14 Sofia Marconi, my friend Bia's mum, is probably the most amazing person I know. She is also very brave. She is a wildlife photographer and she travels to some of the most dangerous places on Earth to take photos of the world's most endangered animals.
57 89
Jacob, 16 One of my heroes is Mr. Donaldson, our great music teacher. He is so creative and finds different ways to get us interested in his lessons. He is also a really amazing guitar player. He is in a band. I'm sure they are going to be famous one day. But I hope it doesn't happen soon. I don't want to lose my teacher!
60 63
Alex, 15 The person I admire more than anyone is my grandmother Gwen. She is 78 and looks just amazing. Many people think she is my mother when they see us together. She is one of the nicest people I know. She always sees the good in other people. She still does volunteer work for a children's charity (慈善机构) in India!
58 70
Oliver, 17 The greatest person I know is my uncle Jack. I admire him not only because he is a brave policeman but also because he tries his best to look after my aunt who is in a wheelchair and their kids. Life is hard. But I have never heard him complain. He's always so cheerful with a huge smile on his face.
50 68
(1) Who does Jackie admire most
A．His music teacher. B．His mother.
C．His friend's mother. D．His uncle.
(2) What does Mr. Donaldson do
A．He is a charity worker. B．He is a teacher.
C．He is a wildlife photographer. D．He is a policeman.
(3) Alex admires Gwen because .
A．she protects wild animals B．she never complains
C．she is a nice person D．she is very creative
The Day People Started Talking
My journey home from school is nothing special. I usually find a seat and start reading or texting my friends, making sure, like everyone else, not to look at other people. Then, twenty minutes later, I get off.
But last Tuesday was different. I was happily looking out of the window when the train suddenly stopped. This wasn't usual. Then after about five minutes, I noticed people were starting to get a bit upset. Fifteen minutes later, people started getting more and more upset. Then the announcement (广播) came: "We are sorry to announce that this train is delayed. A train has broken down in front of us."
There was a loud groan (叹息) throughout the carriage but soon something unexpected happened: all the complete strangers started talking to each other. At first, everyone just complained about the trains, but then people started talking about real things. I started chatting to a couple of young tourists sitting opposite me. Next, I really surprised myself by talking to a businesswoman. Business people are a lot cooler than I thought. Then I decided to get up and go for a walk down the train. I met a woman who had been a student at my school seven years before.
People offered each other food and drink. A young woman took her guitar and soon we were singing along. While we were singing, we heard there was a sick boy in another part of the train who needed help, and the woman from my school jumped into action. It turned out she was a nurse, and when she came back she was welcomed as a hero.
Then, after two and a half hours, we started moving again. Everyone cheered and some people, complete strangers three hours before, even hugged.
I took the train again on Wednesday but none of my new "friends" were there. Although people were polite, they weren't nearly as friendly as the people the day before had been. I'll never forget the day the train stopped and people started talking.
(1) What happened after the announcement
A．People got upset and started texting their friends.
B．The children started playing with their phones.
C．The workers started offering food and drink.
D．People started talking to each other.
(2) The woman from the writer's school jumped into action to _____.
A．play the guitar and sing B．help a sick boy on the train
C．go for a walk down the train D．get off and take another train
(3) The writer will never forget last Tuesday because _____.
A．strangers on the train were friendly to each other
B．a nurse saved a boy's life on the train just in time
C．he learned something new about business people
D．it was a good opportunity to make new friends
答案
一、阅读理解题（共15题）
1. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。由第六段第二句“But in modern times, the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质)—the region in charge of social cognition (认知), moral judgments and goal-directed planning—grew more than the rest of the brain.”可知，近现代人类的进化过程中，前额皮质进化得最多。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。由第六段第一句“For example, when early humans were trying hard to live, the brain region (区域) which is in charge of using tools and finding food grew in size more than other regions.”可知，在人类早期的发展中，负责使用工具和寻找食物的大脑区域的容量比其他区域更大。由此可推知，in charge of 应意为“负责”，与B项意思一致。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。由第三段第二句中的“brain organization, and not brain size, is the key to the advantage of human intelligence”及下文中讲述的大脑进化过程和鲸鱼的脑体积大却构造简单可知，大脑构造合理的动物可能更聪明。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) 此题是最佳标题题。通读全文尤其是第一段最后一句“But when it comes to brains, is bigger always better ”可知，本文主要介绍了人类比其他动物聪明的真正原因在于大脑的构造合理而非脑体积大。D项“更大体积的大脑会让你更聪明吗？”最能概况文章大意，适合做标题。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】说明文、推理判断、细节理解、猜测词义、最佳标题、研究 (Studies and researches)
2. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) B
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据Camp Nou 部分第一句“Camp Nou is a football stadium in Barcelona,Spain. 诺坎普是西班牙巴塞罗那的一个足球场。”可知，诺坎普球场位于西班牙巴塞罗那。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据 Beijing National Stadium部分最后一句“The stadium has recently been transformed (改造) so that it can be used for winter sports. 这个体育场最近经过改造，可以用于冬季运动项目。”可知，北京国家体育馆最近正在进行改造，使之可用于冬季运动。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据Maracana Stadium 部分第二句“It was opened in 1950 for the FIFA World Cup. 它于1950年为国际足联世界杯而开放”可知，马拉卡纳体育场于1950年为国际足联世界杯而开放。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、风景名胜 (Scenic spots)
3. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) D
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Two good friends, Sam and Jason, had a car accident on their way home one snowy night.”可知，在一个下雪的晚上，Sam和Jason在回家的路上遭遇了车祸。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。通读全文可知，Lee 医生答应Sam把他的眼睛移植给Jason，并且保守这个秘密。由此可知，Sam感谢Lee 医生是因为他按照自己的意愿做了这台眼球移植手术。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“ I'm glad to see that you are as healthy and happy as usual. I'm glad you live a happy life. You are always my best friend...”可知，Sam很看重他和Jason之间的友谊。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】细节理解、推理判断、朋友 (Friends)、记叙文
4. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) C
(3) D
(4) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一、二句“Brown believes doodling is helpful because it includes many ways of learning. You learn in four ways: seeing, hearing, reading or writing, and through movement.”可知Brown认为涂鸦涉及了视听读写四种学习方式。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“Walking away from a problem to draw might actually help you solve it.”可知，当你遇到问题时，也许能通过涂鸦找到解决方法。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“So next time you need help focusing, pick up a pen and doodle away!”可推知，作者可能会同意涂鸦可以帮助人们集中注意力。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(4) 此题是主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了涂鸦的好处。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】说明文、细节理解、推理判断、研究 (Studies and researches)、主旨大意
5. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) A
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第四段可知，人们的乐观程度会影响其健康，即乐观的人可能会比悲观的人生活得更健康。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。根据第六段第三、四句“Kim says that these new findings suggest that people should make efforts to increase their resilience and optimism. He says optimism is connected with healthier behaviors and healthier ways of dealing with difficulty. ”可知，Kim表示新的发现表明人应该努力提高自己的心理恢复能力和乐观程度，他认为乐观与更健康的行为和更健康的应对困难的方法相关联。由此可推知，resilience应意为“从困难或改变中恢复的能力”。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章从不同方面讲述了乐观带给人们的好处：乐观有助于人的健康和长寿。D项“关注阳光面有助于你健康长寿”能够概括全文主旨，适合做标题。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】说明文、最佳标题、细节理解、猜测词义、生活态度 (Life attitude)
6. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) A
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：At night, I do preview (预习) work for the next day instead of playing with my mobile phone. 晚上，我为第二天做预习工作，而不是玩手机。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Since then, I have checked my network before class every day and asked other family members not to use the Internet while I'm in class. 从那以后，我每天上课前都会检查自己的网络，并请求其他家庭成员在我上课时不要上网。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：A quiet room and clean desk can help us stay focused. 一个安静的房间和干净的桌子可以帮助我们保持专注。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】细节理解、记叙文、学习科目 (School subjects)
7. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) C
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：After some thought, I called my father on the phone and said: "Dad, I love you!" 思索了一会，我给爸爸打电话说:“爸爸，我爱你!”
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：She seemed nervous. 她似乎很紧张。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：I want to share an experience of mine to tell you when you really love someone, tell them directly. 我想分享我的一段经历，告诉你当你真的爱一个人的时候，直接告诉他们。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、记叙文、个人经历 (Personal experiences)
8. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) C
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：A kind of fluid in the brain, called cerebral spinal fluid (CSF，脑脊液), was found to increase dramatically (显著地) during sleep, washing away waste proteins that had been building up between brain cells in waking hours. 研究人员发现，大脑中有一种叫做脑脊液的液体，在睡眠期间会显著增加，它能冲走清醒时脑细胞之间积累的无用蛋白质。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：They found that every 20 seconds, blood flowed out of the brain, making room for a large amount of CSF to come in and "clean". 他们发现，每20秒，血液就会流出大脑，为大量脑脊液进入并“清理”腾出空间。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是最佳标题题。答案出处：You really need to sleep to keep a healthy brain because it links electrical activity to a practical 'housekeeping' function. 你确实需要睡眠来保持大脑的健康，因为睡眠将大脑的电活动与一个实用的“管家”功能联系起来。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了人脑在睡眠过程中如何进行“清理”，借此强调睡眠对于人类的重要性。B项“在你的梦中清洁”能概括文章大意，适合做标题。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、最佳标题、研究 (Studies and researches)
9. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) C
(3) B
(4) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“It's about letting yourself do nothing, and allowing your mind to run free without expectation. 它是关于让你什么都不做，让你的思想自由地奔跑，没有期望。”可知，“niksen”一词意味着不做任何事，让自己的思想自由驰骋。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“It's also a way to imagine new ideas or plans. 这也是一种想象新想法或计划的方式。”可知，作者提到Holden 是为了证明 niksen 这种生活方式有助于人们产生新的想法和创意。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是词义猜测题。根据上文内容可知，niksen是让人的思想处于自由放松的状态，完全放空自己，什么也不做的一种概念，即充分享受生命的停顿。由此可推知，画线词应意为“完全的，充分的”，与B项意思相近。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(4) 此题是主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要针对丹麦语中的“niksen”一词在荷兰人生活中的使用展开陈述，着重讲述了荷兰式的生活态度及其带给人们的益处等。A项“荷兰的生活方式的介绍”最能概括文章大意。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】说明文、细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断、猜测词义、生活态度 (Life attitude)
10. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) C
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据Rick部分第三、四句中的“They're worried so they are sending me to a camp in the mountains this summer. I'm going to spend six weeks with some other teenagers like me. 他们很担心，所以今年夏天要把我送到山里的一个营地。我要和其他像我一样的青少年共度六周。”可知，Rick将会跟与他年龄相仿的其他青少年一起度过暑假。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据Tony部分第三句“I can ride a horse every day. 我可以每天都骑马。”可知，暑假期间Tony每天都可以骑马。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据 Victoria 部分第一句中的“My uncle and my aunt are giving me a special holiday this year—two weeks at a football club in London! 我的叔叔和婶婶今年给我一个特别的假期——在伦敦的一个足球俱乐部呆两周！”可知，Victoria 将在足球俱乐部待两周。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】细节理解、记叙文、计划与安排 (Plans and arrangements)
11. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) D
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：I was frightened and had a conflict with him, telling him his driving was dangerous. 我很害怕，跟他起了争执，说他开车很危险。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：It was obvious he did it purposely, to try to frighten me. 很明显他是故意这样做的，想吓唬我。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：I'm not going to be dirty, because you smiled. 我不会如此卑鄙，因为你笑了。可知，那位疯狂的父亲改变了他对作者的态度是因为作者对他微笑了。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、记叙文、个人经历 (Personal experiences)
12. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) A
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Paul Dolan wrote a book called Happiness by Design. He thinks happiness comes from both pleasure and purpose. Paul Dolan写了一本名为《设计的幸福》的书。他认为幸福来自于快乐和目标。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。答案出处：It's easy to do well in subjects you like, but subjects you don't like are less motivating. 在你喜欢的科目上取得好成绩很容易，但对你不喜欢的科目就缺乏动力了。由此可推知，画线词应意为“动力，鼓舞”。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是最佳标题题。答案出处：全文。通读全文可知，本文就快乐的来源进行分析和论述，告诉我们要通知“决定、设计、执行”三个步骤来获取快乐。C项“创造快乐”能够概括文章大意，适合做标题。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】最佳标题、细节理解、议论文、猜测词义、生活态度 (Life attitude)
13. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) D
(3) B
(4) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第二段“But in fact, we don't trust enough. A survey about trust in the United States has found that interpersonal trust, a measure (测量) of whether people think others are in general trustworthy, is at its lowest in nearly 50 years. 但事实上，我们还不够信任。美国一项关于信任的调查发现，人际信任——衡量人们是否普遍认为他人值得信任的指标——处于近50年来的最低点。”可知，一项调查发现，人与人之间缺乏足够的信任。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。根据最后一段“Giving people a chance isn't only the moral(道德的) thing to do. It's also the smart thing to do.”可推知，做明智的决定，并给他人一个机会可以使我们更擅长信任。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句“However,the costs of not trusting someone we could have trusted are invisible. 然而，不相信我们本可以信任的人的代价是无形的。”可知，不信任那些我们本可以信任的人的代价是看不见的。B项“错误地不信任的代价在很大程度上是看不见的”与原文表述一致。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(4) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要通过举例说明比起不信任，人们可以从信任中学到更多的东西，因此作者认为，我们应该做出明智的决定并给人们一个机会，从而让我们更好地信任别人。A项“为了强调我们应该相信别人”符合题意。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、议论文、推理判断、人际交往 (Interpersonal communication)
14. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) B
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据表格第二栏第一句“Sofia Marconi,my friend Bia's mum, is probably the most amazing person I know. Sofia Marconi，我朋友Bia的妈妈，可能是我认识的最了不起的人。”可知，Jackie最钦佩的人是朋友Bia的妈妈。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据表格第三栏第一句“One of my heroes is Mr. Donaldson, our great musicteacher. Donaldson先生是我心目中的英雄之一，我们伟大的音乐老师。”可知，Donaldson先生是一名音乐老师。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据表格第四栏第四句“She is one of the nicest people I know. 她是我认识的最好的人之一。”可知，Alex钦佩Gwen,是因为她的善良。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】细节理解、其他人 (Other people)、调查
15. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) B
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“There was a loud groan (叹息) throughout the carriage but soon something unexpected happened: all the complete strangers started talking to each other. 一阵响亮的叹息声响彻整个车厢，但很快发生了一件意想不到的事：所有素不相识的人开始互相交谈。”可知，广播后，完全陌生的乘客们开始相互交谈起来。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据第四段第三句中的“While we were singing, we heard there was a sick boy in another part of the train who needed help, and the woman from my school jumped into action. 当我们唱歌的时候，我们听说火车的另一个地方有一个生病的男孩需要帮助，我们学校的一位女士立即采取了行动。”可知，听到另一节车厢有个生病的男孩需要帮助时，身为护士的校友挺身而出。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。通读第三、四段并结合最后一段最后一句“I'll never forget the day the train stopped and people started talking. 我永远不会忘记火车停下来，人们开始交谈的那一天。”可知，当火车被延误时，陌生人之间先是交谈，然后彼此提供食物和饮料，然后还有护士为生病的男孩提供帮助。由此可推知，陌生人之间的友好给作者留下了深刻的印象。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、记叙文、个人经历 (Personal experiences)
一、阅读理解题
chimpanzee whales
What makes humans smarter than other animals We've got a bigger brain, of course. But when it comes to brains, is bigger always better
Traditionally, scientists have thought that humans' better intelligence (智慧) came mostly from the fact that our brains are three times bigger than those of our nearest living relatives, chimpanzees. People even used to believe that men are smarter than women because men have a little larger brains.
This, however, is not the truth. Scientists at University College London in the UK have found that brain organization, and not brain size, is the key to the advantage of human intelligence, reported Live Science.
Through millions of years of gradual development, our ancestors (祖先) were pushed to get smarter all the time so that they could meet the needs of new environments. However, holding this growing intelligence in increasingly large brains was not the best choice because bigger brains require more energy to power. "This is when reorganization may come into play," said Christophe Soligo, a member of the London research team.
In the study , scientists looked at the brains of 17 kinds of primates (灵长目动物), including monkeys, apes and humans. They found that in the process of gradual development, brains didn't keep growing as a whole. Certain parts of the brain grew more than others as needed, and in this way they could make the best use of their limited brain space.
For example, when early humans were trying hard to live, the brain region (区域) which is in charge of using tools and finding food grew in size more than other regions. But in modern times, the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质)—the region in charge of social cognition (认知), moral judgments and goal-directed planning—grew more than the rest of the brain.
Think of the brain as a room. If a big room is poorly organized, it doesn't necessarily store more things than a smaller one.
Paul Manger, a professor, explains this using the example of whales. He told Scientific American: "Whales have big brains. But if you look at the actual structure (结构) of the brain, it's very simple. Brain size only matters if the rest of the brain is organized properly."
(1) According to the passage, in recent human development, .
A．the prefrontal cortex grew most in the brain
B．human's most regions of the brain didn't change
C．brain became simple because the brain space is limited
D．brain kept growing in size to deal with new environments
(2) The words "in charge of" in Paragraph 6 probably mean " ".
A．similar to B．responsible for C．in need of D．with help of
(3) The writer probably agrees that .
A．the difference between men and women has an effect on intelligence
B．the larger brains are usually organized better than the smaller ones
C．animals whose brains are organized properly can be smarter
D．the size of the brain has nothing to do with intelligence
(4) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Is Human Brain the Biggest of All Animals'
B．Do Men Have Bigger Brains than Women
C．Are Human Brains Growing as a Whole
D．Does a Bigger Brain Make you Smarter
Famous Stadiums in the World
Camp Nou Camp Nou is a football stadium in Barcelona, Spain. It is the largest stadium in Europe and the tenth largest in the world. Many international matches are played there. There is a museum in the stadium—the FC Barcelona Museum. It is considered the best football museum in the world. There are multi- media displays (多媒体展示) about the Barcelona Club and its history as well as a fantastic view of the stadium. Camp Nou is also a place where you can enjoy major concerts and other non-football events. Beijing National Stadium Beijing National Stadium, also called the Bird's Nest, is located in China. It was designed for use during the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. It is the world's largest steel structure (钢结构). The stadium has recently been transformed (改造) so that it can be used for winter sports.
Maracana Stadium Maracana Stadium is an open-air stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was opened in 1950 for the FIFA World Cup. Since then, it has mainly been used for football matches between the major football clubs in Rio de Janeiro. It is the largest stadium in South America. Wembley Stadium Wembley Stadium is located in Wembley Park in London, England. The England national football team play most of their home matches there. The stadium is also used for other sporting events. It is the second largest stadium in Europe (after Camp Nou) and one of the largest and the tallest in the world, with every seat under a roof. It was very expensive to build.
(1) Where is the Camp Nou
A．In China. B．In Brazil. C．In England. D．In Spain.
(2) Which stadium has been changed for winter sports recently
A．Camp Nou. B．Beijing National Stadium.
C．Maracana Stadium. D．Wembley Stadium.
(3) What was Maracana Stadium opened for in 1950
A．The Olympics. B．Major concerts.
C．Multi-media displays. D．The FIFA World Cup.
Two good friends, Sam and Jason, had a car accident on their way home one snowy night. The next morning, Sam woke up blind. His legs were broken. The doctor, Mr. Lee, was standing by his bed, looking at him worriedly. When he saw Sam awake, he asked, "How are you feeling, Sam " Sam smiled and said, "Not bad, Doctor. Thank you very much for doing the special operation (手术)." Mr. Lee was moved by Sam. When he was leaving, Sam said, "Please don't tell Jason about it." "Well.. Well.. OK," Mr. Lee replied.
Months later when Jason's wounds healed (愈合), Sam was still very sick. He couldn't see or walk. He could do nothing but stay in his wheelchair all day long. At first, Jason stayed with him for a few days. But days later, Jason thought it boring to spend time with a disabled man like Sam. So he went to see Sam less and less. He made new friends. From then on, he didn't go to visit Sam any more. Sam didn't have any family or friends except Jason. He felt very sad.
Things went from bad to worse. Sam died a year later. When Jason came, Mr. Lee gave him a letter from Sam. In the letter Sam said, "Dear Jason, I am disabled. But I want you to be a healthy man. So I gave my eyes to you so that you can enjoy life as a healthy man. Now you have new friends. I'm glad to see that you are as healthy and happy as usual. I'm glad you live a happy life. You are always my best friend... Sam." When he finished reading the letter, Mr. Lee said, "I have promised that I will keep this a secret until Sam is gone. Now you know it."
Jason stood there like a stone. Tears ran down his face.
(1) The car accident happened _____.
A．on one snowy morning B．when it snowed one night
C．on their way to school D．when they went to work
(2) Sam thanked Mr. Lee mainly because Mr. Lee _____.
A．saved his friend Jason's life
B．was very kind and friendly to him
C．came to see him early in the morning
D．did the operation according to his wish
(3) From the story, we can conclude that _____.
A．Sam played a joke on Jason
B．Sam always told lies to his friends
C．Sam thought friendship was important
D．Sam regretted doing the operation in the end
When you are sitting in class, have you ever drawn pictures in the margins (页边的空白处) of your notebooks If so, you are doodling. Many people think of doodling as a distraction (分心) from more important things. But it might be just the opposite. Doodling might help one focus on work.
One study shows that doodling may help you remember things you hear. In 2009 researchers asked two groups of people to listen to a phone message. One group was encouraged to doodle, but the other was not. Neither group knew that it would be asked to remember information from the message. But the group that doodled remembered 29% more.
Other people have suggested other uses for doodling. Jesse Prinz, a professor who studies doodling, says it can help you think creatively. Walking away from a problem to draw might actually help you solve it. When you come back, you'll have a fresh perspective (观点) and figure out an answer more quickly.
An author named Sunni Brown wrote a book on doodling. She argues that doodling is a tool that can help people think. She admits that people see doodling as doing nothing, but she wants to change that. In fact, she runs a business that helps companies improve organization and planning through doodling.
Brown believes doodling is helpful because it includes many ways of learning. You learn in four ways: seeing, hearing, reading or writing, and through movement. The more ways you use, the better you learn. And when you doodle while listening to a lecture, you use all four.
You might think that being good at drawing is important for doodling. But if the point of doodling is to help you think, then it doesn't matter what the picture looks like. Even if you're not an artist, doodling can help you. So next time you need help focusing, pick up a pen and doodle away!
(1) Which of the following is TRUE
A．Jesse Prinz thinks doodling can help people remember better.
B．Brown believes doodling involves four ways of learning.
C．One study shows doodling is a distraction from more important things.
D．Many people think that doodling may be good for your learning and thinking.
(2) According to the passage, when you have a problem, you might find a way to solve it by _____.
A．having a conversation B．watching a movie
C．drawing lines or shapes D．wondering in the park
(3) The writer probably agrees _____.
A．doodling has drawn more attention
B．doodling needs good drawing skill
C．doodling develop one's patience
D．doodling helps one focus attention
(4) What's the passage mainly about
A．The problems
of doodling. B．The
causes of doodling.
C．The advantages of doodling. D．The side effects of doodling.
Imagine there is a glass on a table in front of you. It has water in it but it is not full. How do you describe the glass "Half full or half empty "
If you say half full, you might be an optimist. If you say half empty, you might be the opposite—a pessimist.
Optimism and pessimism represent your general attitude toward certain situations or to life in general. And your attitude about life may be more important to living than you think.
A new study suggests that your level of optimism may affect your health. People who are optimistic may live longer than those who are pessimistic.
Researchers at Harvard University's School of Public Health in Boston did the study. They compared women with "a general expectation that good things will happen" to women who were less optimistic. They found that the optimists had a much lower risk of getting several deadly diseases, including cancer, heart disease and certain types of infection.
Eric Kim is one of the study leaders. He says there is increasing evidence that strengthening psychological (心理的) resilience may help prevent disease. Kim says that these new findings suggest that people should make efforts to increase their resilience and optimism. He says optimism is connected with healthier behaviors and healthier ways of dealing with difficulty. Optimists tend to take better care of themselves by exercising, eating healthy foods and getting enough sleep.
However, the researchers say that healthy behaviors of optimistic people only partly explain the connection with reduced risk of disease.
For the study, researchers looked at information gathered on 70,000 women in the Nurse's Health Study. This massive study began in 1975. It collects health information on those involved in the study every two years. The Harvard researchers looked at the level of optimism of the women, as well as other factors such as race, diet, physical activity level and overall health. They found the most optimistic women had nearly a 30 percent lower risk of dying from disease.
Kaitlin Hagan, another study leader, says earlier studies show that a person can use simple, low-cost methods to increase optimism. For example, thinking about and writing down the best possible outcomes for areas of their lives, like their careers or relationships.
Leslie Ralph, a clinical psychologist and counselor, has several ideas about how to increase optimism. She says each night you might plan to do two or three simple, enjoyable activities the next day, such as watching the sun rise, visiting a friend, dancing to a favorite song or reading a story with your child. And the counselor adds offering praise or support to someone can also improve your own outlook. A smile and "thank you" from another person may help you feel more optimistic.
(1) What do we know from the passage
A．Relations lie among optimism, pessimism and glass of water.
B．Good expectations increase risk of dying from disease.
C．An optimist is more likely to live healthily.
D．Supporting someone may receive praise of a pessimist.
(2) What does the underlined word "resilience" mean in Paragraph 6
A．The ability to recover from difficulty or change.
B．A way of thinking and reacting to things.
C．Factors that influence one's health.
D．The ability to experience the sense of touching body.
(3) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．To Be Optimistic or Pessimistic
B．To Look on the Bright Side or the Opposite
C．Increasing Optimism Keeps You More Active
D．Looking on the Bright Side Might Help You Live Longer
Best Ways to Improve Online Experience
Zhao Yuchen, Beijing To me, the biggest headache about studying online is my poor Internet connection. During one online class, I couldn't hear my English teacher's voice and I had to reconnect. It wasted lots of time. Since then, I have checked my network before class every day and asked other family members not to use the Internet while I'm in class.
Qiu Ziyin, Shenzhen During the first day of studying online, I was excited and listened carefully. But I soon realized that my self-discipline (自律) was weak. I've set screen time for all of my electronic devices. At night, I do preview (预习) work for the next day instead of playing with my mobile phone.
Zhao Jiawen, Shanghai It's important to know how to choose wisely when we pick online courses. For example, I had difficulty understanding certain English grammar points, so I searched for key words on our national cloud learning platform and watched several videos from teachers across China. It's good for us to get different teachers.
Zhang Penghui, Heilongjiang Online learning takes strong self-discipline and willpower. There are lots of distractions (分心) while studying at home. My mom likes to offer me snacks and drinks, which sometimes distracts me from listening during my classes. A quiet room and clean desk can help us stay focused.
(1) Who does preview work for the next day at night
A．Zhao Yuchen. B．Qiu Ziyin.
C．Zhao Jiawen. D．Zhang Penghui.
(2) Zhao Yuchen while having class online.
A．has asked other family members not to use the Internet
B．watches several videos from teachers
C．likes to have snacks and drinks
D．plays with the mobile phone
(3) Zhang Penghui thinks that _____.
A．students' self-discipline is weak
B．it's good for students to get different teachers from China
C．a quiet room and clean desk can help students stay focused
D．the biggest problem about studying online is the poor Internet connection
Love on the Phone Line
Most of us want to know what we mean to those who mean everything to us, but how do we know if we don't tell each other I want to share an experience of mine to tell you when you really love someone, tell them directly.
When I was growing up, I never heard the words "I love you" from my father. If your father never says them to you when you are a child, it gets more and more difficult for him to say those words as you get older. In fact, I never said those words to him, either.
A few years ago, I decided to make the first move. After some thought, I called my father on the phone and said: "Dad, I love you!" There was a moment of silence at the other end of the line. "Well, same back at you!" he replied quietly.
"Dad, I know you love me. When you're ready, you'll say it, too," I said with a smile. Then I hang up the phone. But fifteen minutes later, my mother called and asked if everything was "OK". She seemed nervous. "Your father seems to have something to say after answering your call." I didn't tell my mother about the call. I just told her it was a secret between us.
A few weeks later, Dad called and ended our phone conversation with the words: "Son, I love you." I was at work during this conversation and tears came to my eyes as I finally "heard" the love. This special moment took our father-son relationship to a new level. Later, we got used to saying "I love you" to each other.
I think if I had not taken the first step, I would have never heard the love from my father.
(1) What did the writer do when he decided to show love to his father
A．He spoke out his love to his father on the phone.
B．He told her mother about his love to his father.
C．He bought some flowers to show love.
D．He made a love card for his father.
(2) How did the writer's mother feel when she called him
A．Happy. B．Excited. C．Nervous. D．Confident.
(3) According to the passage, the writer wants to tell us that it's necessary _____.
A．to speak out our love B．to call our parents
C．to go home often D．to keep love secret
We take showers and use the toilet every day to get rid of bodily waste. Our brains also need to take a bath every day. How can they do it
A 2013 study found the answer. Researchers at the US University of Rochester studied the brains of mice and discovered that they cleaned themselves while the mice slept. A kind of fluid in the brain, called cerebral spinal fluid (CSF，脑脊液), was found to increase dramatically (显著地) during sleep, washing away waste proteins that had been building up between brain cells in waking hours.
"This study shows that the brain has different functional states when asleep and when awake, "Maiken Nedergaard, the lead researcher, told NBC News. It also explains why we can't seem to think clearly after a sleepless night while a good night's sleep leaves us feeling sharp and refreshed.
Now a new study, published on Oct. 31 in Science, digs a little deeper into our brains' self-cleaning procedure. Instead of mice, this time humans were the test subjects.
Researchers at Boston University, US, monitored (监测) the brain waves of 13 healthy adults who were sleeping, using accelerated fMRI, which is capable of recording faster changes inside the brain than a regular fMRI machine. They found that every 20 seconds, blood flowed out of the brain, making room for a large amount of CSF to come in and "clean". This cycle coincided with (与……一致) the rhythm of the brain's slow waves—an electrical activity that happens when we're in deep sleep.
It's still unknown how these brain activities are connected. But the mere fact that they are connected is exciting enough, since it allows researchers to piece together (拼凑出) possible new explanations for misunderstood diseases.
For example, slow-wave sleep has been proven to play a role in strengthening our memories. This may explain why people with Alzheimer's often have fewer and weaker slow brainwaves. Based on this new study, there could be one more explanation for diseased brains: They are not clean.
Nedergaard, leader of the 2013 study, is also excited about the new findings. "Maybe the most important take-home message is that sleep is a serious thing," she told Scientific American. "You really need to sleep to keep a healthy brain because it links electrical activity to a practical 'housekeeping' function."
(1) When the researchers studied the brains of mice, they found _____.
A．CSF in their brains went down when the mice slept
B．CSF carried away waste proteins in their brain during sleep
C．more waste proteins were produced in their brains when asleep
D．the more CSF was in their brains, the fewer waste proteins were there
(2) What did the researchers discover when they monitored human brain waves
A．The rhythm of the brain was slower than that of CSF.
B．The brains worked more slowly when asleep.
C．Brains were cleaned when blood flowed out.
D．It took 20 seconds for CSF to clean brains.
(3) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Connecting Brain Activities B．Cleaning in Your Dreams
C．Having a Good Sleep D．Explaining Diseases
Each country has its own secret to happiness. If "pyt", which means "don't worry about it and stuff happens", explains the relaxed attitude of Danish people, "niksen" will reveal how Dutch people combat (对抗) stress and burnout in a fast-paced lifestyle.
The term "niksen" origins from the Dutch word "niks", which refers to "nothing". Mindfulness, another welcome subject to help people have a peaceful mind. But unlike mindfulness, niksen is not about concentrating on the present moment. It's about letting yourself do nothing, and allowing your mind to run free without expectation In practice, this means "hanging around, looking at your surroundings, or listening to music as long as it's without purpose," according to Time Magazine.
Niksen sounds contrary (矛盾的) to the advice we were all given as kids. Nowadays, we're constantly told to stay busy and work harder than everyone else. But niksen opposes (反对) that mentality. It offers the chance to "deliciously do nothing", as Carolien Hamming, a coach at CSR Centrum, an organization devoted to fighting stress and burnout in the Netherlands, told Time. She thinks that niksen is essential (重要的) to staying healthy, since it's a form of mental relaxation and healing. Just as a wild animal lies in wait for their prey, niksen seems to be a natural state of being.
For some people, niksen can mean more than just stress reduction (减压). It's also a way to imagine new ideas or plans. As an early adopter of niksen, Jenny Holden, a communications expert in the UK, adds it to her daily lunch breaks. "Within 10 minutes of doing nothing—just staring and listening to myself—my head began to clear and sort out my work and home to-do lists," she told the MetroUK.
Above all, niksen is a suggestion for balancing work and rest. As Dutch-born writer Ogla Mecking wrote in US-based Whoolly Magazine, niksen is the "thorough enjoyment of life's pauses".
Everyone is encouraged to embrace your niksen moments. They revitalize (使恢复元气) you and give you the strength needed to face everyday challenges.
(1) What does niksen mean
A．Living in the moment. B．Leading a healthy lifestyle.
C．Using your wildest imagination. D．Being free and doing nothing.
(2) The writer mentions Jenny Holden in Paragraph 4 to show _____.
A．how niksen improves one's mental health
B．niksen is closely related to stress reduction
C．niksen can help people come up with new thoughts
D．niksen can offer the chance to do something more information
(3) The word "thorough" in Paragraph 5 probably means "_____".
A．long B．full C．fast D．quiet
(4) What is the passage mainly about
A．An introduction to the Dutch lifestyle.
B．Suggestions on how to balance work and rest.
C．The importance of allowing time to pause life.
D．An explanation of some Danish words about life attitudes.
Summer Holidays
This year is going to be different! Rick, Ann, Tony and Victoria are talking about their holidays this year.
Rick Ann
This year I'm not behaving well at home, and I'm not studying hard at school. My parents think I'm lazy. They're worried so they are sending me to a camp in the mountains this summer. I'm going to spend six weeks with some other teenagers like me. We are going to walk ten kilometres every day and I think it's going to be awful. This summer it is going to be interesting because I will spend it with my sister for a month. I'm planning to have a big party for her birthday. Lots of friends and family are coming. We are going to have a special meal that day and then we are going to dance. I'm sure she will like it.
Tony Victoria
This summer I will spend my summer holiday with my grandparents who live in the country. My brother and I are going to stay with them for two months. I can ride a horse every day. I can also go swimming in the lake with my grandfather. I think my holiday will be exciting. My uncle and my aunt are giving me a special holiday this year—two weeks at a football club in London! I'm not going to play football with other club members all day. We're going to visit all the famous places like the Buckingham Palace. We're looking forward to it. I'm sure we'll have unforgettable time there.
(1) Rick will spend the summer holiday with _____.
A．other teenagers B．his sister
C．his brother D．other club members
(2) What will Tony do in the summer holiday
A．Walk ten kilometres. B．Have a big party.
C．Ride a horse. D．Play football.
(3) Victoria is going to spend _____ at a football club.
A．a month B．two weeks C．six weeks D．two months
The Power of a Smile
I had an interesting experience at my children's school this week. About six months ago, a crazy father was driving his car half on the sidewalk at a fast speed, along the road into the school. I was frightened and had a conflict (冲突) with him, telling him his driving was dangerous.
Two days ago, I was walking along the road into the school, actually a foot or so on to the road because the sidewalk was full of kids, and I saw this same man sitting at the wheel of his car about 10 metres in front of me. He looked at me angrily, started up the engine and speeded past me, so close to me that the car almost brushed my coat. It was obvious he did it purposely, to try to frighten me. I hit his car with my son's school bag hard as it went by. I called the police and they told me I should get his licence (执照) plate number and they would go round and talk to him.
This morning I was walking up to the school gate with my kids and the guy got out of his car and walked up to me. I knew he was going to confront (对质) me. "Next time I'm going to run you over," he said to me.
And for some reason I smiled. "You nearly ran me over two mornings ago," I said. Then his manner suddenly changed, became less confrontational." I'm not going to be dirty, because you smiled."
Did I I didn't even realize that I had.
"I shouldn't have done it," he said. "I shouldn't have tried to make fun of you, by putting my foot down so hard. I won't do it again."
"Okay. Let's just stop it there then," I said.
He put his hand on my shoulder, and for some reason without thinking about it, I put an arm around him.
How strange! It shows how powerful a smile can be and how quickly conflict can turn to empathy (同理心), if you deal with it with a non-confrontational attitude.
(1) The writer told the crazy father his driving was _____ about six months ago.
A．careful B．slow C．dangerous D．funny
(2) The crazy father wanted to _____ by speeding past the writer two days ago.
A．save the time B．pick up his son
C．get his son's bag D．frighten the writer
(3) The crazy father changed his manner because _____.
A．the writer smiled to him B．the writer was powerful
C．the police talked to him D．the kids stopped him
Do you know what makes you happy or do you just think you know At first, these two questions look the same. If you think something makes you happy, then it makes you happy. You know yourself, don't you
Write a list of all the things that make you happy. How many of them are fun Most of them So, if you spend your time doing all these fun things, you'll be really happy, won't you
Well, maybe not. For most people, fun isn't enough for real happiness. Paul Dolan wrote a book called Happiness by Design. He thinks happiness comes from both pleasure and purpose. If most of the things on your list are about pleasure, that is what you think makes you happy. But you also need activities with purpose.
If you're a student, your job is studying and passing exams. It's easy to do well in subjects you like, but subjects you don't like are less motivating. They're not fun for you, but you have to study them so you need to find purpose. An A in a subject you hate won't help the world. But can you be part of a study team with friends Each person can study one part until they understand it and then teach it to the rest of the group. The purpose becomes helping the team.
Go back to your list of things that make you happy. How many of them are activities that bring purpose Can you add any Remember, some activities might bring both pleasure and purpose.
Now you need to design a happy life. Paul Dolan believes people should "decide, design, do". First decide what brings you pleasure and purpose. Then, don't just think about these activities, fill your life with them. For example, you might love riding a bike but never have time to do it. So, ride to school or the library or the shops. If you live too far away, take your bike on the bus or train. Get off early and ride the rest of the way. If you go in the car, put it in the back, stop a few kilometres away and ride the rest. Or move somewhere you can ride more. Some parts of our lives are good or bad luck, but we can still design the rest to make more happiness.
(1) According to Paul Dolan, happiness is from both _____.
A．patience and luck B．pleasure and
purpose
C．subjects and grades D．conditions and decisions
(2) What does the word "motivating" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Encouraging. B．Helpful. C．Disappointing. D．Valuable.
(3) Which of the following would be the best title of the passage
A．Destroying Happiness B．Enjoying Happiness
C．Creating Happiness D．Delivering Happiness
Can We Learn More by Trusting than by Not Trusting
Most of us have been burned by misplaced trust. These experiences lead us to believe that people are too trusting.
But in fact, we don't trust enough. A survey about trust in the United States has found that interpersonal trust, a measure (测量) of whether people think others are in general trustworthy, is at its lowest in nearly 50 years.
If people are more trustworthy, why don't we trust more
When you trust someone, you end up working out whether your trust is justified (证明……合理) or not. A child next door asks if he can visit your place. If you accept, you will find out whether or not he's a good neighbor. A classmate advises you to adopt a new reading method. If you follow the advice, you will find out whether the new method works better than the one you were used to.
However, when you don't trust someone, you never find out whether you should trust them. If you don't invite the child over, you won't know whether he would have made a good neighbor or not. If you don't follow your classmate's advice, you won't know if the new method is in fact superior.
This information means that we learn more by trusting than by not trusting. Moreover, when we trust, we learn not only about specific persons, we learn more generally about the type of situations in which we should or shouldn't trust. We get better at trusting.
When our trust is disappointing, the costs are visible (明显的), and our reaction (反应) changes from trouble all the way to hopelessness. The benefit what we've learnt from our mistake is easy to overlook. However, the costs of not trusting someone we could have trusted are invisible. We won't know about the friendship we could have built if we don't let that child go into our place. We won't realise how useful some advice would have been if we don't use our classmate's tip about the new reading method.
Giving people a chance isn't only the moral (道德的) thing to do. It's also the smart thing to do.
(1) The writer mentions the survey about trust in the United States in Paragraph 2 to show that .
A．Americans are popular B．the measure is unbelievable
C．interpersonal trust is important D．people are short of enough trust
(2) We can to make us get better at trusting.
A．try to refuse other people's help
B．change our feelings of disappointment
C．find out the balance between trust and mistrust
D．make a smart decision and give people a chance
(3) What can we learn from the passage
A．The friendship between friends is trustworthy.
B．The costs of mistaken mistrust are largely hidden.
C．We can get more from not trusting than from trusting.
D．It is unlikely that people are less trustworthy than before.
(4) What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
A．To stress we should trust other people more.
B．To question all the experiences of misplaced trust.
C．To introduce some of the trust that can bring us benefits.
D．To discuss which situation we should or shouldn't trust in.
Who do you admire most
Jackie, 14 Sofia Marconi, my friend Bia's mum, is probably the most amazing person I know. She is also very brave. She is a wildlife photographer and she travels to some of the most dangerous places on Earth to take photos of the world's most endangered animals.
57 89
Jacob, 16 One of my heroes is Mr. Donaldson, our great music teacher. He is so creative and finds different ways to get us interested in his lessons. He is also a really amazing guitar player. He is in a band. I'm sure they are going to be famous one day. But I hope it doesn't happen soon. I don't want to lose my teacher!
60 63
Alex, 15 The person I admire more than anyone is my grandmother Gwen. She is 78 and looks just amazing. Many people think she is my mother when they see us together. She is one of the nicest people I know. She always sees the good in other people. She still does volunteer work for a children's charity (慈善机构) in India!
58 70
Oliver, 17 The greatest person I know is my uncle Jack. I admire him not only because he is a brave policeman but also because he tries his best to look after my aunt who is in a wheelchair and their kids. Life is hard. But I have never heard him complain. He's always so cheerful with a huge smile on his face.
50 68
(1) Who does Jackie admire most
A．His music teacher. B．His mother.
C．His friend's mother. D．His uncle.
(2) What does Mr. Donaldson do
A．He is a charity worker. B．He is a teacher.
C．He is a wildlife photographer. D．He is a policeman.
(3) Alex admires Gwen because .
A．she protects wild animals B．she never complains
C．she is a nice person D．she is very creative
The Day People Started Talking
My journey home from school is nothing special. I usually find a seat and start reading or texting my friends, making sure, like everyone else, not to look at other people. Then, twenty minutes later, I get off.
But last Tuesday was different. I was happily looking out of the window when the train suddenly stopped. This wasn't usual. Then after about five minutes, I noticed people were starting to get a bit upset. Fifteen minutes later, people started getting more and more upset. Then the announcement (广播) came: "We are sorry to announce that this train is delayed. A train has broken down in front of us."
There was a loud groan (叹息) throughout the carriage but soon something unexpected happened: all the complete strangers started talking to each other. At first, everyone just complained about the trains, but then people started talking about real things. I started chatting to a couple of young tourists sitting opposite me. Next, I really surprised myself by talking to a businesswoman. Business people are a lot cooler than I thought. Then I decided to get up and go for a walk down the train. I met a woman who had been a student at my school seven years before.
People offered each other food and drink. A young woman took her guitar and soon we were singing along. While we were singing, we heard there was a sick boy in another part of the train who needed help, and the woman from my school jumped into action. It turned out she was a nurse, and when she came back she was welcomed as a hero.
Then, after two and a half hours, we started moving again. Everyone cheered and some people, complete strangers three hours before, even hugged.
I took the train again on Wednesday but none of my new "friends" were there. Although people were polite, they weren't nearly as friendly as the people the day before had been. I'll never forget the day the train stopped and people started talking.
(1) What happened after the announcement
A．People got upset and started texting their friends.
B．The children started playing with their phones.
C．The workers started offering food and drink.
D．People started talking to each other.
(2) The woman from the writer's school jumped into action to _____.
A．play the guitar and sing B．help a sick boy on the train
C．go for a walk down the train D．get off and take another train
(3) The writer will never forget last Tuesday because _____.
A．strangers on the train were friendly to each other
B．a nurse saved a boy's life on the train just in time
C．he learned something new about business people
D．it was a good opportunity to make new friends
答案
一、阅读理解题（共15题）
1. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。由第六段第二句“But in modern times, the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质)—the region in charge of social cognition (认知), moral judgments and goal-directed planning—grew more than the rest of the brain.”可知，近现代人类的进化过程中，前额皮质进化得最多。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。由第六段第一句“For example, when early humans were trying hard to live, the brain region (区域) which is in charge of using tools and finding food grew in size more than other regions.”可知，在人类早期的发展中，负责使用工具和寻找食物的大脑区域的容量比其他区域更大。由此可推知，in charge of 应意为“负责”，与B项意思一致。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。由第三段第二句中的“brain organization, and not brain size, is the key to the advantage of human intelligence”及下文中讲述的大脑进化过程和鲸鱼的脑体积大却构造简单可知，大脑构造合理的动物可能更聪明。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) 此题是最佳标题题。通读全文尤其是第一段最后一句“But when it comes to brains, is bigger always better ”可知，本文主要介绍了人类比其他动物聪明的真正原因在于大脑的构造合理而非脑体积大。D项“更大体积的大脑会让你更聪明吗？”最能概况文章大意，适合做标题。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】说明文、推理判断、细节理解、猜测词义、最佳标题、研究 (Studies and researches)
2. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) B
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据Camp Nou 部分第一句“Camp Nou is a football stadium in Barcelona,Spain. 诺坎普是西班牙巴塞罗那的一个足球场。”可知，诺坎普球场位于西班牙巴塞罗那。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据 Beijing National Stadium部分最后一句“The stadium has recently been transformed (改造) so that it can be used for winter sports. 这个体育场最近经过改造，可以用于冬季运动项目。”可知，北京国家体育馆最近正在进行改造，使之可用于冬季运动。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据Maracana Stadium 部分第二句“It was opened in 1950 for the FIFA World Cup. 它于1950年为国际足联世界杯而开放”可知，马拉卡纳体育场于1950年为国际足联世界杯而开放。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、风景名胜 (Scenic spots)
3. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) D
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Two good friends, Sam and Jason, had a car accident on their way home one snowy night.”可知，在一个下雪的晚上，Sam和Jason在回家的路上遭遇了车祸。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。通读全文可知，Lee 医生答应Sam把他的眼睛移植给Jason，并且保守这个秘密。由此可知，Sam感谢Lee 医生是因为他按照自己的意愿做了这台眼球移植手术。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“ I'm glad to see that you are as healthy and happy as usual. I'm glad you live a happy life. You are always my best friend...”可知，Sam很看重他和Jason之间的友谊。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】细节理解、推理判断、朋友 (Friends)、记叙文
4. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) C
(3) D
(4) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一、二句“Brown believes doodling is helpful because it includes many ways of learning. You learn in four ways: seeing, hearing, reading or writing, and through movement.”可知Brown认为涂鸦涉及了视听读写四种学习方式。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“Walking away from a problem to draw might actually help you solve it.”可知，当你遇到问题时，也许能通过涂鸦找到解决方法。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“So next time you need help focusing, pick up a pen and doodle away!”可推知，作者可能会同意涂鸦可以帮助人们集中注意力。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(4) 此题是主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了涂鸦的好处。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】说明文、细节理解、推理判断、研究 (Studies and researches)、主旨大意
5. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) A
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第四段可知，人们的乐观程度会影响其健康，即乐观的人可能会比悲观的人生活得更健康。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。根据第六段第三、四句“Kim says that these new findings suggest that people should make efforts to increase their resilience and optimism. He says optimism is connected with healthier behaviors and healthier ways of dealing with difficulty. ”可知，Kim表示新的发现表明人应该努力提高自己的心理恢复能力和乐观程度，他认为乐观与更健康的行为和更健康的应对困难的方法相关联。由此可推知，resilience应意为“从困难或改变中恢复的能力”。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章从不同方面讲述了乐观带给人们的好处：乐观有助于人的健康和长寿。D项“关注阳光面有助于你健康长寿”能够概括全文主旨，适合做标题。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】说明文、最佳标题、细节理解、猜测词义、生活态度 (Life attitude)
6. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) A
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：At night, I do preview (预习) work for the next day instead of playing with my mobile phone. 晚上，我为第二天做预习工作，而不是玩手机。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Since then, I have checked my network before class every day and asked other family members not to use the Internet while I'm in class. 从那以后，我每天上课前都会检查自己的网络，并请求其他家庭成员在我上课时不要上网。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：A quiet room and clean desk can help us stay focused. 一个安静的房间和干净的桌子可以帮助我们保持专注。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】细节理解、记叙文、学习科目 (School subjects)
7. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) C
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：After some thought, I called my father on the phone and said: "Dad, I love you!" 思索了一会，我给爸爸打电话说:“爸爸，我爱你!”
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：She seemed nervous. 她似乎很紧张。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：I want to share an experience of mine to tell you when you really love someone, tell them directly. 我想分享我的一段经历，告诉你当你真的爱一个人的时候，直接告诉他们。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、记叙文、个人经历 (Personal experiences)
8. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) C
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：A kind of fluid in the brain, called cerebral spinal fluid (CSF，脑脊液), was found to increase dramatically (显著地) during sleep, washing away waste proteins that had been building up between brain cells in waking hours. 研究人员发现，大脑中有一种叫做脑脊液的液体，在睡眠期间会显著增加，它能冲走清醒时脑细胞之间积累的无用蛋白质。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：They found that every 20 seconds, blood flowed out of the brain, making room for a large amount of CSF to come in and "clean". 他们发现，每20秒，血液就会流出大脑，为大量脑脊液进入并“清理”腾出空间。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是最佳标题题。答案出处：You really need to sleep to keep a healthy brain because it links electrical activity to a practical 'housekeeping' function. 你确实需要睡眠来保持大脑的健康，因为睡眠将大脑的电活动与一个实用的“管家”功能联系起来。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了人脑在睡眠过程中如何进行“清理”，借此强调睡眠对于人类的重要性。B项“在你的梦中清洁”能概括文章大意，适合做标题。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、最佳标题、研究 (Studies and researches)
9. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) C
(3) B
(4) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“It's about letting yourself do nothing, and allowing your mind to run free without expectation. 它是关于让你什么都不做，让你的思想自由地奔跑，没有期望。”可知，“niksen”一词意味着不做任何事，让自己的思想自由驰骋。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“It's also a way to imagine new ideas or plans. 这也是一种想象新想法或计划的方式。”可知，作者提到Holden 是为了证明 niksen 这种生活方式有助于人们产生新的想法和创意。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是词义猜测题。根据上文内容可知，niksen是让人的思想处于自由放松的状态，完全放空自己，什么也不做的一种概念，即充分享受生命的停顿。由此可推知，画线词应意为“完全的，充分的”，与B项意思相近。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(4) 此题是主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要针对丹麦语中的“niksen”一词在荷兰人生活中的使用展开陈述，着重讲述了荷兰式的生活态度及其带给人们的益处等。A项“荷兰的生活方式的介绍”最能概括文章大意。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】说明文、细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断、猜测词义、生活态度 (Life attitude)
10. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) C
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据Rick部分第三、四句中的“They're worried so they are sending me to a camp in the mountains this summer. I'm going to spend six weeks with some other teenagers like me. 他们很担心，所以今年夏天要把我送到山里的一个营地。我要和其他像我一样的青少年共度六周。”可知，Rick将会跟与他年龄相仿的其他青少年一起度过暑假。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据Tony部分第三句“I can ride a horse every day. 我可以每天都骑马。”可知，暑假期间Tony每天都可以骑马。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据 Victoria 部分第一句中的“My uncle and my aunt are giving me a special holiday this year—two weeks at a football club in London! 我的叔叔和婶婶今年给我一个特别的假期——在伦敦的一个足球俱乐部呆两周！”可知，Victoria 将在足球俱乐部待两周。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】细节理解、记叙文、计划与安排 (Plans and arrangements)
11. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) D
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：I was frightened and had a conflict with him, telling him his driving was dangerous. 我很害怕，跟他起了争执，说他开车很危险。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：It was obvious he did it purposely, to try to frighten me. 很明显他是故意这样做的，想吓唬我。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：I'm not going to be dirty, because you smiled. 我不会如此卑鄙，因为你笑了。可知，那位疯狂的父亲改变了他对作者的态度是因为作者对他微笑了。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、记叙文、个人经历 (Personal experiences)
12. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) A
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Paul Dolan wrote a book called Happiness by Design. He thinks happiness comes from both pleasure and purpose. Paul Dolan写了一本名为《设计的幸福》的书。他认为幸福来自于快乐和目标。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。答案出处：It's easy to do well in subjects you like, but subjects you don't like are less motivating. 在你喜欢的科目上取得好成绩很容易，但对你不喜欢的科目就缺乏动力了。由此可推知，画线词应意为“动力，鼓舞”。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是最佳标题题。答案出处：全文。通读全文可知，本文就快乐的来源进行分析和论述，告诉我们要通知“决定、设计、执行”三个步骤来获取快乐。C项“创造快乐”能够概括文章大意，适合做标题。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】最佳标题、细节理解、议论文、猜测词义、生活态度 (Life attitude)
13. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) D
(3) B
(4) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第二段“But in fact, we don't trust enough. A survey about trust in the United States has found that interpersonal trust, a measure (测量) of whether people think others are in general trustworthy, is at its lowest in nearly 50 years. 但事实上，我们还不够信任。美国一项关于信任的调查发现，人际信任——衡量人们是否普遍认为他人值得信任的指标——处于近50年来的最低点。”可知，一项调查发现，人与人之间缺乏足够的信任。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。根据最后一段“Giving people a chance isn't only the moral(道德的) thing to do. It's also the smart thing to do.”可推知，做明智的决定，并给他人一个机会可以使我们更擅长信任。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句“However,the costs of not trusting someone we could have trusted are invisible. 然而，不相信我们本可以信任的人的代价是无形的。”可知，不信任那些我们本可以信任的人的代价是看不见的。B项“错误地不信任的代价在很大程度上是看不见的”与原文表述一致。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(4) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要通过举例说明比起不信任，人们可以从信任中学到更多的东西，因此作者认为，我们应该做出明智的决定并给人们一个机会，从而让我们更好地信任别人。A项“为了强调我们应该相信别人”符合题意。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、议论文、推理判断、人际交往 (Interpersonal communication)
14. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) B
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据表格第二栏第一句“Sofia Marconi,my friend Bia's mum, is probably the most amazing person I know. Sofia Marconi，我朋友Bia的妈妈，可能是我认识的最了不起的人。”可知，Jackie最钦佩的人是朋友Bia的妈妈。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据表格第三栏第一句“One of my heroes is Mr. Donaldson, our great musicteacher. Donaldson先生是我心目中的英雄之一，我们伟大的音乐老师。”可知，Donaldson先生是一名音乐老师。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据表格第四栏第四句“She is one of the nicest people I know. 她是我认识的最好的人之一。”可知，Alex钦佩Gwen,是因为她的善良。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】细节理解、其他人 (Other people)、调查
15. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) B
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“There was a loud groan (叹息) throughout the carriage but soon something unexpected happened: all the complete strangers started talking to each other. 一阵响亮的叹息声响彻整个车厢，但很快发生了一件意想不到的事：所有素不相识的人开始互相交谈。”可知，广播后，完全陌生的乘客们开始相互交谈起来。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据第四段第三句中的“While we were singing, we heard there was a sick boy in another part of the train who needed help, and the woman from my school jumped into action. 当我们唱歌的时候，我们听说火车的另一个地方有一个生病的男孩需要帮助，我们学校的一位女士立即采取了行动。”可知，听到另一节车厢有个生病的男孩需要帮助时，身为护士的校友挺身而出。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。通读第三、四段并结合最后一段最后一句“I'll never forget the day the train stopped and people started talking. 我永远不会忘记火车停下来，人们开始交谈的那一天。”可知，当火车被延误时，陌生人之间先是交谈，然后彼此提供食物和饮料，然后还有护士为生病的男孩提供帮助。由此可推知，陌生人之间的友好给作者留下了深刻的印象。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、记叙文、个人经历 (Personal experiences)
同课章节目录
- 词法
- 名词
- 动词和动词短语
- 动词语态
- 动词时态
- 助动词和情态动词
- 非谓语动词
- 冠词
- 代词
- 数词和量词
- 形容词副词及其比较等级
- 介词和介词短语
- 连词和感叹词
- 构词法
- 相似、相近词比较
- 句法
- 陈述句
- 一般疑问句和否定疑问句
- 特殊疑问句及选择疑问句
- 反意疑问句
- 存在句(There be句型)
- 宾语从句
- 定语从句
- 状语从句
- 主谓一致问题
- 简单句
- 并列句
- 复合句
- 主谓一致
- 主、表语从句
- 名词性从句
- 直接引语和间接引语
- 虚拟语气
- 感叹句
- 强调句
- 倒装句
- 祈使句
- 句子的成分
- 句子的分类
- 题型专区
- 单项选择部分
- 易错题
- 完形填空
- 阅读理解
- 词汇练习
- 听说训练
- 句型转换
- 补全对话
- 短文改错
- 翻译
- 书面表达
- 任务型阅读
- 语法填空
- 其他资料