2023年北京中考英语二轮复习专项练习—阅读理解1（含解析）
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2023年北京英语中考专项—阅读理解1
一、阅读理解题
Interesting Magazines for Kids
The Click Magazine introduces new things about the learning environment to the kids. Have you worried about introducing new things to your kids Don't worry! Click Magazine will help you. Like most of the magazines for kids, Click features typical elements like stories, drawings, fun facts, etc. The magazine is based on the motto, "Opening Windows for Young Minds" and it really does.
Does your child have an inclination towards the arts and crafts Or are they interested in science Maybe you should think of getting them the Ask Magazine . Ask is the magazine about science, inventions and more for children aged 6 to 9 years. Ask is a good educational magazine and kids can seek inspiration from it to create new ideas and scientific facts.
Highlights for children is a magazine for kids filled with puzzles and projects that challenge the young minds. It covers some interesting areas for kids. They are unique and are unlike the typical magazines for kids. It offers good challenge to the young minds. The focus and goal of the magazine is to nourish the young mind, increase creativity and develop a wide outlook.
(1) Opening Windows for Young Minds is the motto of Magazine.
A．Click
B．Ask
C．Highlights
D．Interesting
(2) You can get your friends the Ask Magazine if they are interested in .
A．facts B．puzzles C．history D．science
(3) Why is Highlights unique and unlike the typical magazines for kids
A．Because it can help to learn new things.
B．Because it can help to create new ideas and scientific facts.
C．Because it can help to offer good challenge to the young minds.
D．Because it can help young kids to make their dreams come true.
When you picture mountain climbers scaling (攀登) Mount Everest, what probably comes to mind are teams of climbers equipped with oxygen masks, supplies and tents. And in most cases you'd be right, as 97 percent of climbers use oxygen to ascend (登上) to Everest's summit at 8,848 metres above sea level.
But Kilian Jornet Burgada ascended the mountain in May 2017 alone, without an oxygen mask or fixed ropes for climbing.
Oh, and he did it in 26 hours.
Born in 1987, Kilian has been training for Everest his whole life. And that really does mean his whole life, as he grew up 2,000 metres above sea level in the Pyrenees in the ski resort in Catalonia, north-eastern Spain. While other children his age were learning to walk, Kilian was on skis. At one and a half years old he did a five-hour hike with his mother, entirely under his own steam (精力，力气). He left his peers (同龄人) even further behind when he climbed his first mountain. By age seven, he had scaled a 4,000 metres mountain.
He was 13 when he started to take it 'seriously' and trained with the Ski Mountaineering Technical Centre in Catalonia, entering competitions and working with a coach. At 18, he took over his own ski-mountaineering and trail-running training. He does as many as 1,140 hours of endurance training a year, plus strength training and technical workouts as well as specific training in the week before a race.
All this is thanks to his childhood in the mountains and to genetics (遗传基因), but it is his mental strength that sets him apart. He often sets himself challenges to see how long he can endure difficult conditions in order to truly understand what his body and mind can cope (处理，应对) with.
It would take a book to list all the races and awards he has won and the mountains he has climbed.
(1) How many climbers don't use oxygen when they ascend to Everest's summit
A．3% B．18% C．26% D．97%
(2) The writer wants us to know in Paragraph 4.
A．Kilian's birthplace is a ski resort
B．Kilian has been training for Everest for many years
C．Kilian liked climbing mountains in his early childhood
D．Kilian showed his great gift in mountain climbing when he was young
(3) The underlined words "sets him apart" in Paragraph 6 probably means .
A．使他勇敢 B．使他出众 C．将他消灭 D．将他重创
Skills vs. Knowledge in Education
Education systems all over the world are based on the idea that students get and remember information from teachers and books. These systems test this knowledge with standardized tests which compare students to each other. They only test the kind of information which is possible to measure (测试，测量) in tests. The goal is gaining information, not developing skills by which to use and make information. Unlike the old style of education where people remembered things in order to pass tests and get higher scores than other students, the modern world calls for a new kind of education in which the focus (焦点) is deep understanding, creativity and information management skills.
Einstein said "Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world." All the knowledge in the world is useless unless you are able to use information in creative ways. Knowledge is what other people have created. Understanding is all about what you think about something. Everybody sees, hears, feels and thinks differently. No two people in the world have the same understanding of the same thing. It is impossible to give tests on a point of view. Because of this, tests are illogical. The only reason tests exist is to label (归类) students as "smart" or "stupid". There are many kinds of intelligence (智力，智能), however. One of the most famous researchers in the field of intelligence, Gardner, found at least seven different kinds of intelligence. Intelligence and understanding are related. Unfortunately, tests only measure one kind of intelligence.
In the modern world skills are more important than knowledge. If a person knows many facts, it is impressive, but not very useful. It is of much greater importance to be able to find information quickly, organize that information, analyze (分析) and understand the main ideas, put different pieces of information together, and create new information. Together these skills make what we call information management and innovation, the skills which are most desired (期望) in the business world.
Most people in the world believe that education is about remembering things to take tests which measure one's performance against other people who have studied the same information. However, this idea no longer matches the reality of the modern world in which knowledge is less important than creativity and deep understanding. To be successful in the age of technology, education must focus on helping students gain information management and innovation skills.
(1) The new kind of education in the modern world doesn't focus on .
A．creativity B．gaining information
C．deep understanding D．information management skills
(2) According to the passage, which of the following is useless
A．You do as what your teacher tells you in class.
B．You examine a text first carefully to understand what it means.
C．You organize your ideas so that people can understand and follow you.
D．You come up with a solution by asking the questions and understanding the problem.
(3) What's the passage mainly about
A．How people can live in the age of technology.
B．What knowledge tests measure in the age of technology.
C．How students develop themselves in the age of technology.
D．What education helps the students to gain in the age of technology.
Feeling stressed has almost become the norm (常态) for many busy American families. Although one kind of stress called "eustress" can actually be positive (积极的) and productive (有用的), many suffer far too often from negative stress. All that stress leads us to cope in unhealthy ways that take their toll on (对……造成伤害) overall health and well-being. Unfortunately, stress is not just a problem for adults. Teens are also vulnerable (易受伤害的) to stress and its effects.
The latest Stress in America Survey by the American Psychological Association (APA) polled (对…...做民意调查) adults as well as 1,018 teens who live in the United States about stress over the previous month. While American adults report higher stress levels than what they believe to be healthy, the survey also shows the patterns of unhealthy stress behaviors we see in adults impact (影响) teens as well. According to the survey, many American teens report experiencing stress at unhealthy levels, appear uncertain in their stress management techniques and experience symptoms (症状) of stress in numbers that mirror adults' experiences. Stress during the teen years also seems to take a toll on activity, nutrition and lifestyle behaviors.
Stress impacts teens in many ways. The survey shows that 36% of teens report fatigue (feeling tired); 35% report lying awake at night; 32% report having headaches; and 23% report skipping a meal.
The report also shows that teens are less aware (有……的意识) than adults about the impact stress can have on their physical and mental health.
It's important that parents find ways to manage stress positively and productively. Because our kids see what we do and how we handle different situations and stressors, for better or worse. we need to model as best as we can positive ways of perceiving (认识) and coping with stress.
Staying physically active, engaging in exercise and sitting less can temper (缓和) stress. Finding activities we enjoy can help our hearts be healthier. Eating different kinds of nutrient-rich foods, for example, whole grains, fruits, vegetables and healthy fats throughout the day can help have mood-boosting. Connecting with others regularly, laughing and thinking can also help. Getting enough sleep by having regular bedtimes can also help us avoid fatigue.
(1) What can we learn from the passage
A．Both adults and teens can be affected by stress.
B．It's not common to see stress in many busy American families.
C．The survey shows that stress impacts teens most in falling asleep.
D．Meeting and talking with friends does no good to reduce stress.
(2) The latest Stress in America Survey shows that _____.
A．adults' experience can impact teens little
B．teens know how to manage their stress very well
C．adults know the impact stress can have better than teens
D．less teens report having headaches than skipping a meal
(3) According to the survey, _____ is NOT a good way to cope with stress.
A．burning the midnight oil
B．taking time out for sports often
C．eating different kinds of vegetables and fruits
D．visiting your friends or relatives every weekend
(4) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Stress Affects the Young and the Old
B．Doing Exercises Can Help Temper Stress
C．How Stress Affects Kids and How to Help Them Cope
D．Stress Has Impacts on People's Physical and Mental Health
To: Carla@ From: Steve@
Subject: Help! Date: 15/ 08/ 2019 9:05 AM
Dear Aunt Carla, I'm having a problem with my classmate, Joan, at school. The other day I wrote an email to another classmate, Beth, in which I said something about Joan that perhaps wasn't very nice. Unluckily, when Beth was writing back to me, she sent it to Joan@, which is Joan's email address! Now Joan is really angry with me and won't talk to me, and Beth is unhappy as well. She has said sorry to me a hundred times already, but the harm is done. I feel bad, because I would never have said those things to Joan's face, but how do I get her to forgive me What should I do Steve
To: Steve@ From: Carla@
Subject: Some advice Date:16/ 08/ 2019 8:30 AM
Dear Steve, This problem is more common than you might think! Email is very useful, but also very dangerous, as you don't know where your message might end up! First of all, you should say sorry right away to Joan. Explain that it was a mistake, and that you didn't mean to hurt her feelings. It may take time for her to be able to forgive you, but that's up to her. Then you might want to do something nice for her. Perhaps send her some flowers to show that you're truly sorry. Also, you should remember that old saying: "If you don't have anything nice to say, don't say anything at all." And good luck! Carla
(1) If people have any problem, they may send an email to _____.
A．Steve@ B．Joan@
C．Beth@ D．Carla@
(2) Why did Steve write the email to Carla
A．To say sorry. B．To ask for advice.
C．To give advice. D．To say something friendly.
(3) Carla gave _____ pieces of advice in her reply.
A．three B．four C．five D．six
Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. He is known as "the father of China's space program" and "the king of the rocket".
When he was 24 years old, Qian went to America for further study. After graduation, he worked in America for a few years, where his working conditions were better. In the early 1950s, he heard new China had been founded and decided not to stay in America any longer. He succeeded in coming back to his motherland in 1955 though the American government tried to stop him.
In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested setting up a special organization, which later became the leading organization for China's rocket and air travel programs. In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rocket. Qian also played an important role in developing China's first man-made satellite. On April 24, 1970, "Dongfanghong-1" was successfully sent into the air.
In 1964, a young man wrote Qian Xuesen a letter and pointed out a mistake in his published article. Qian immediately answered the letter and encouraged the young man to write an article about the mistake.
Zhu Yilin, who was said to be the last student of Qian Xuesen, once said, " I learned a lot of professional knowledge as well as the spirit and attitude that a scientist should have from Mr. Qian, especially his deep love for the motherland. Without that, he couldn't have helped to develop science and technology when new China was badly in need of scientists for its development. Without that, he would not have made the great contribution (贡献) to rocket industry in the late 1950s and nearly 1960s when conditions in China were too hard."
Mr. Qian has been dead for eleven years, but he will live in the memory of Chinese people forever.
(1) Why did Qian Xuesen go to America when he was young
A．To find a new job.
B．To receive further study.
C．To meet with his parents.
D．To find better working conditions.
(2) What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The way Qian Xuesen tried to return to China.
B．The reason why a special organization was set up.
C．The contribution Qian Xuesen has made to China.
D．The role Qian Xuesen played in making the satellite.
(3) In Zhu Yilin's opinion, what made Qian Xuesen work hard for his motherland
A．His love for the motherland. B．His working experience.
C．His professional knowledge. D．His attitude towards science.
Some people think pen is small, needless to say. They think pen isn't useful, especially in the modern life. But what are you holding in your hand while you are taking the examinations in your classroom Right. A pen.
It is through the pen that our messages can be recorded and passed on. That is why we have been able to know our history. The pen has changed the history, improved the trade of countries, recorded events, carried news, and done far more work for human beings than all other tools. The moment our pen scratches on the paper, it seems as if our thoughts are floating like a boat, traveling on an unending journey around a much more colorful world.
Progress without it would have been almost impossible. The invention of the wheel, the introduction of steam engine, the use of electricity, all these have changed the lives of millions of people, but the pen has done more. It has taken away mountains, and it has prepared the way for all progress and development of the society.
In the past the pen did all the work if people wanted to keep any writing for some time. The lawyers took up their pens and wrote the law of the country from the days when papyrus (纸莎草纸) was first used. The most famous letters in the world were written with a pen. It was with a pen that the greatest thinkers of all time wrote down their thoughts.
The pen is very utilitarian. We cannot sign a bill or write a letter or buy a house without our pen. An agreement is worthless till our name is written with a pen. The writers encourage the world with it. The students take their examinations with it as well.
Our coming into the world is recorded with a pen. Before we have been at school, our name is written on the name list with a pen. We cannot be married till we have signed. A pen records the important events in our life.
Let us remember that we hold in our hand the most powerful instrument which man owns. The pen is a magic tool. While the lazy are trying hard to avoid the trouble of using the pen, the wise can hardly wait to make the best use of it to create a joyful and meaningful life. So whenever you use it, please enjoy it.
(1) What is the writer trying to do in this passage
A．Describe what a pen looks like.
B．Introduce the history of the pen.
C．Advise people to prepare a pen.
D．Show the importance of the pen.
(2) The word "mountains" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to "something to _____".
A．stop the social development
B．prepare for the social progress
C．explain the use of electricity
D．change the social lives of people
(3) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．A Magic Record B．An Important Event
C．A Powerful Tool D．An Exciting Invention
On January 15, 2009, the crew of US Airways Flight 1549 experienced a never-in-a-lifetime event. Less than two minutes after takeoff, some birds found their way into the airplane's two engines and brought them to a sudden stop. Over the next three and a half minutes, the crew managed to identify the problem, decide what to do about it, and make the most successful emergency (突发事件) landing in aviation (航空) history.
We all experience similar moments. Earthquakes, medical emergencies—whatever the situation, the first thing you probably do is scare. Everybody does. While many of us think that we're cool in a crisis （危机), science tells us that we seldom are. At the moment we need to be aware (有……意识的) of our surroundings, but our attention goes to the scariest thing on the scene, leaving us unaware of the other sights, sounds, and even smells around us. At the moment, we're anything but at our best.
These normal human reactions can be reversed. For example, firefighters are taught how to bring down their blood pressure and heart rates quickly. Box breathing, belly breathing—you can learn these techniques in minutes. Once you calm down, you'll exactly find out what the problem is really about. Lack of practice always causes us to judge problems in wrong ways. Doing the thinking ahead of time also helps you fire off the solution when it's show time. This is why you are advised to find the closest exit before the flight.
Performing in a crisis is becoming more important for all of us for two reasons. Back in the good old days, the dependability of most anything we used or did was far less than it is today. Now think about what happens to our preparedness as the probability of something bad happening reduces. Unless we practice what hardly ever happens, our ability to respond when it does happen doesn't seem to work. Also, as our life becomes better, the systems we use today are more complex (复杂的). There are seldom moving parts in clear view that allow us to see when things are about to go wrong. So terrible situations can "come out of nowhere".
As technology becomes part of most everything, and as once-large risks break into countless small ones, crisis situations may become standard events. We should all learn to breathe, recognize the situation, and carry out the plan that we are smart enough to prepare well in advance.
(1) According to the passage, when an armed robbery (抢劫) happens, most people around will first _____.
A．focus on the gun B．pretend to be calm
C．decide what to do D．observe the surroundings
(2) What does the underlined word "reversed" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Tested. B．Changed. C．Predicted. D．Understood.
(3) It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that _____.
A．things are less important than they used to be
B．carefulness helps prevent the crisis happening
C．convenience reduces our problem-solving ability
D．the complexity of present systems ensures our safety
(4) What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
A．To introduce ways of avoiding crisis situations.
B．To point out the connection between stress and risks.
C．To raise awareness of the preparation for emergencies.
D．To show the influence of technology on crisis management.
School Rules
Erika, Japan As students, we should wear our school uniforms every day. We are not allowed to change the color of our hair. Our school tells us that we may not date, go to movies, leave home after the sunset or play video games without permission (允许) from school. In class we must listen to the teacher carefully. In our free time, we are not allowed to take part-time jobs.
Jacky, Australia Every student has the right to be safe and happy at school. Wear the correct uniform and show respect to yourself and the school. Don't fight with others at school. Smoking is not allowed for your own sake (利益) and that of others. Don't use mobile phones or other electronic devices in class. Don't trouble with the learning of the other students.
Bill, USA We have to wear school uniforms. Food, drinks or snacks shouldn't be taken into the classroom. We are supposed to keep quiet on the school bus. In America, we can have part-time jobs in our free time. Gum chewing (嚼口香糖) at school is not allowed, as it is difficult to clean up. And if we chew gum in class, we may not pay more attention to our study.
Mary, China Here are some of our school rules. We shouldn't be late for school. We have to wear school uniforms every day, and I think it is good for us because uniforms can make us look smart. We can't talk loudly in class or run in the hallways during break. We are not allowed to use mobile phones at school. We mustn't smoke because it's bad for our health.
(1) According to the rules, video games can't be played freely in .
A．China B．Japan C．Australia D．the USA
(2) Which of the following is allowed in American school rules
A．Taking part-time jobs.
B．Taking snacks into classroom.
C．Chewing gum in class.
D．Talking loudly on the school bus.
(3) Mary thinks school uniforms can make students look .
A．cool B．simple C．smart D．friendly
Travel in the Future
These days, if you want to travel from New York to Beijing, the flight takes about 16 hours. You also have to wait at the airport, and sometimes you have to transfer (换乘) onto a different airplane. If you add all of that extra time, the trip takes at least 20 hours. But in the future, the trip from New York to Beijing might only take two hours.
Right now, a company is developing something called ET3, which stands for "evacuated tube (真空管) transport technology". Here's how it works. A tube goes all the way from New York to Beijing. The tube is only a few meters wide. Capsules (舱) move through the tube. Six people can sit in one capsule. The capsules use electricity instead of oil. For international travel, the capsules can travel at about 6,500 kilometers per hour. That's much faster than airplanes—most modern airplanes usually only fly at about 800 kilometers per hour.
So how is this possible How can these capsules travel so fast The answer is that there is no air inside the tube. When airplanes fly, they have to move through air. The air slows the airplanes down. Because there isn't any air in the ET3 tubes, the capsules are able to move at a very high speed. Also, the capsules are quite light. Each only weighs 183 kilograms.
There are other advantages of ET3. Because it uses electricity; it's quite clean. Also, it's a lot quieter than airplanes and cars. Finally, ET3 tubes and capsules don't require very much building materials.
Of course, ET3 doesn't come into use yet. The technology is still being developed. Developers still have to solve a lot of problems. The biggest problem is that right now ET3 would be far too expensive. In order to make ET3 cheaper, we will need much better technology.
It's exciting to think of how ET3 will change the travel in the future. Who knows Maybe someday you'll be able to have lunch in New York and dinner in Beijing.
(1) According to the passage, an ET3 looks more like a .
A．spaceship B．bus C．plane D．subway train
(2) ET3 travels at the very high speed because .
A．it is powered by electricity and oil
B．it is much lighter than an airplane
C．it moves through a tube without air
D．it is made up of fewer capsules
(3) From the passage, the writer expects that .
A．modern technology will be used in airplanes
B．ET3
will take the place of airplanes some day
C．less money will be spent for passengers on ET3
D．ET3 will change the travel in the future greatly
At present, we can use computers or smart phones to text messages to the friends around the world. We can buy fruit from Brazil or see movies made in India on the websites. But how can we get to know and understand people who are living in different countries better
As we all know, it is beneficial for teenagers to have more knowledge and understand the world better. We must remember that they are the decision-makers of the future. To shape the world in the interests of all, we should help them to act as responsible global citizens (公民). So it is important for them to learn more about how other people live in different parts of the world. By doing this, they can find out what problems they have in their communities and decide how they can help each other better.
A charity (慈善) group in the UK started a project for Africa in February, 2004. The aim of the project was to take a fresh look at Africa's past and present and the international community's role in its development. Lots of British students took part in the project. Students from 25 UK schools connected with students from 25 African schools to discuss the African Continent (非洲) and its culture on the Internet. Some students from the poor areas in Africa were taken to the places that had computers, so they could take part in the project. Students used their computers to work on the Internet and send emails. They could even design their own web pages with pictures, sounds and videos. Together the teenagers built a website which went live in June, 2005. Through the project teenagers were encouraged to study the different cultures of Africa as well as some of the problems facing young people in Africa.
Now, more and more projects have been started since then all around the world. Teenagers from schools in different countries are still trying to make connections and find out more about each other. Let's hope these projects help teenagers understand more about the lives of others on the other side of the world.
(1) According to the passage, teenagers are encouraged to .
A．use computers as often as possible in their free time
B．have more knowledge and understand the world better
C．go abroad and learn different cultures of other countries
D．offer their second-hand computers to African students
(2) What does the writer mainly tell us according to the passage
A．How the projects have developed around the world.
B．What all the students have achieved from the projects.
C．Why British schools took part in the project so early.
D．Who helped the charity group to set up the project.
(3) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Teenagers' Projects in African Schools
B．Websites Designed by African Teenagers
C．Language Systems All over the World
D．Teenagers' International Community
Sleep and Weight
A couple of groups of researchers have found the reason why people are getting fatter. Researchers from the University of Chicago recruited (征募) 12 young men who came to their sleep lab on four different nights. Two nights, the men slept only four hours. The other two nights, they slept ten hours. Researchers Van Carter headed the study.
"After two nights of either short sleep or long sleep, we checked in their blood every 20 minutes or 30 minutes the levels of the hormone stimulating appetite(刺激食欲)."
They also checked the hormone that signals the brain when you're full. They found that when the men slept 10 hours, they woke up with normal levels of hormone and normal appetite. But when they slept only four hours, they had higher levels of hormone that stimulates appetite and lower levels of the hormone that signals fullness.
"Yeah, our study suggests that short sleep does modify the hormone that controls appetite in such a way that one is hungrier."
And not only were the men hungry, but also what they wanted to eat wasn't nutritious (有营养的).
"The foods that they preferred were candy, cookies, cake, ice cream, potato chips, pretzels, bread, pasta, rice, all high-carbohydrate (碳水化合物) food."
Another study came to similar results. Researchers at Stanford University analyzed (分析) data from over 1,000 volunteers who answered questions about sleep habits and also had their hormone levels measure. Psychiatrist (精神病专家) Emmmanuel Meno saw the same increase in the hormone stimulating appetite, and the same decrease (降低) in hormone that signals fullness.
"What's interesting about it is that it's counter-intuitive (反直觉的), because most people would say, 'Oh, yes. If you sleep a lot, you are lazy and you're going to be overweight.' and actually that's not what we observe (观察)."
Over the past forty years, American adults have cut down their average sleep time. They slept about eight and a half hour. Today, it's down to seven or less. Meno says Americans might want to reconsider (重新考虑) the amount of time they sleep.
"Now I think what we are finding is that it's important to sleep the right amount, and healthy sleep is as important as exercise and nutrition. I think, indeed, people who are overweight should sleep a little more. But if they treat better their sleep, it may help them to lose weight."
(1) According to the passage, the researchers find that .
A．it's easier to get overweight if we don't have enough sleep
B．our emotions make great influence on the quality of sleep
C．we will lose weight more easily if we often stay up late
D．taking enough exercise will make us keep good shapes
(2) According to the researches, short sleepers usually seem to .
A．have a pale face and feel very tired the next morning
B．feel a little hungry and have something to eat eagerly
C．have no sense of sleep and keep awake all the night
D．have
high blood pressure and result as a bad headache
(3) What does the underlined word "modify" mean in the passage
A．Provide. B．Prevent. C．Change. D．Improve.
(4) What can we infer from the passage
A．Most of the Americans will insist on increasing their sleeping time.
B．Overweight people will control their food instead of taking exercise.
C．It's necessary to check the levels of hormone in our blood every day.
D．Americans are facing the problem of getting overweight at present.
Teenagers have a lot of new ideas. Let's have a look at these teenage inventions that might change the world.
Banana leaves usually go bad in two or three days. Tenth Hadith, a teenager from India, used UV to make the leaves stay fresh for a year. Tenth thinks that one day the leaves will be used for making plates, cups and other things.
David Cohen, an American teenager, built an earthworm (蚯蚓) robot. It is able to go into the smallest places, where humans or dogs can't go. It will be used for finding people in a fire or an earthquake.
Remya Jose, a 14-year-old girl from India, found it tiring and boring to hand wash clothes in the nearby river. She reused some bicycle parts and created a washing machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at the same time.
Kenneth Shinozuku, a 15-year-old boy from New York, noticed that his grandfather who got Alzheimer's disease (老年痴呆) would often leave home and get lost. So he invented the wearable sensors (感应器) to help people find their family members like his grandfather.
(1) How long did Tenth Hadith use UV to make the leaves stay fresh
A．For two days. B．For three days.
C．For two years. D．For a year.
(2) The earthworm robot made by David Cohen can .
A．go into the smallest places B．help people wash clothes
C．take care of the old people D．make things stay fresh
(3) Who created a washing machine that can save time
A．Kenneth Shinozuku. B．Remya Jose.
C．David Cohen. D．Tenth Hadith.
Plant Anything
A good friend of mine, Miriam, was going away on a long trip during the autumn. I called her the day before she would leave for the trip to wish her have a good trip. She was completely behind on everything she needed to do. She was a little worried. "I bought some wonderful corms to plant for next spring. But now I have no time to deal with them," she said.
I always plant many seeds (种子) in March and by June enjoy the sweet smell everywhere. I just can't bear the thought of a plant not getting a chance to grow. "I'll plant them for you," I told her.
"Oh, would you " Miriam was excited. She promised to put them out on the porch (走廊) for me.
I arrived several days later and found a paper bag on the porch. After a lot of work, I planted all the corms in the perfect place.
When Miriam got back a few months later, she and I went out for dinner to celebrate her return. While eating, she said, "You know, I still can't believe I forgot to put those corms out on the porch!"
I looked at her in surprise. "What do you mean Of course, you put them out. They were sitting on the porch in a paper bag."
"No, " she said, "They're still sitting on the desk where I left them."
"So, what did I plant that morning " I asked.
She stopped as if to prepare me for her news. Then she slowly said, "That was cat poop (猫屎). You planted cat poop."
Miriam looked at my face and did the best to keep from laughing. But I was too busy replaying the pictures of me picking these cat poop from a paper bag and planting them.
Years have passed since then, and both our gardens and our friendship have continued to grow. I guess, I really will try to plant just about anything.
(1) What did Miriam worried about
A．She had no time to plant her corms.
B．She would spend too much time on the trip.
C．She had too many seeds to plant in spring.
D．There was no place for her corms in her garden.
(2) Why did the writer go out for dinner with Miriam
A．To make friends with her. B．To plant seeds with her.
C．To listen to her news. D．To celebrate her return.
(3) What did the writer know after Miriam got back
A．The corms grew very well. B．Miriam's garden was sweet.
C．The writer planted cat poop. D．Miriam had a very good trip.
Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries (损伤) to runners.
One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were watched on a running machine. Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot (赤脚).
Researchers from the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study. They found that running shoes create more stress that could hurt knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They watched that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels (高跟鞋). The study appeared in an official scientific magazine.
The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow. They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.
Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they feel relaxed when landing and avoid hitting their heel hard.
Harvard's Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.
But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured.
The study was partly supported by Vibram, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot. The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say there are many problems. So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website.
(1) Why do running shoes increase the risk of injuries to runners
A．Runners usually land on the front of the foot first.
B．They're much bigger and heavier than high heels.
C．They have a big effect on the way the runners run.
D．Runners always run in small size running shoes.
(2) What can we learn from the passage
A．No one will run with running shoes in the future.
B．High heels' design is better than running shoes'.
C．Runners won't be injured if they run barefoot.
D．Most running shoes are designed improperly.
(3) What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
A．To explain why people like running with running shoes.
B．To show running without shoes is of benefit to runners.
C．To encourage all the runners to try to run barefoot now.
D．To help people know the feelings of running with shoes.
答案
一、阅读理解题（共15题）
1. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) D
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第一个表格最后一句“The magazine is based on the motto, 'Opening Windows for Young Minds' and it really does.”可知，“为年轻人打开心灵的窗户”是Click杂志的座右铭。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据第二个表格第四句“Ask is the magazine about science, inventions and more for children aged 6 to 9 years.”可知，如果你的朋友们对科学感兴趣，那么你可以给他们买Ask杂志。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据第三个表格倒数第二句“It offers good challenge to the young minds.”可知，Highlights杂志不同于一般的儿童杂志，是因为它可以挑战年轻人的思维。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】细节理解、报纸与杂志 (Newspapers and magazines)、广告
2. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) D
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中的“97 percent of climbers use oxygen to ascend (登上) to Everest's summit at 8,848 metres above sea level”可推知，有3%的登山者在登顶珠穆朗玛峰时不使用氧气。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是主旨大意题。通读第四段可知，本段主要介绍了登山运动运Kilian童年时期的登山经历。由此可推知，作者想让我们通过第四段的内容了解Kilian小时候就表现出了登山方面的天赋。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是词义猜测题。根据第六段最后一句的“He often sets himself challenges to see how long he can endure difficult conditions in order to truly understand what his body and mind can cope (处理，应对) with.”可知，为了真正了解自己的生理和心理状况，Kilian经常将自己置于挑战中，来测试自己在困境中可以忍受多久。由此可推知，这种精神力量让Kilian脱颖而出。由此可推知，画线词应意为“使他出众”。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】著名人物 (Famous people)、推理判断、记叙文、主旨大意、猜测词义
3. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) A
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“the modern world calls for a new kind of education in which the focus (焦点) is deep understanding, creativity and information management skills”可知，现代社会的新型教育并不注重获取信息。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。根据第二段第四句“All the knowledge in the world is useless unless you are able to use information in creative ways. ”可知，除非你能够创造性地使用信息，否则世界上所有的知识都是无用的。由此可推知，如果你按照老师在课堂上告诉你的来做（而没有自己的创新）是没有用的。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要通过对比新旧教育体系、引用名人语录，论述了新时代的教育应该让学生更多地关注创新，深入理解和信息管理技能的掌握。D项“在技术时代，什么样的教育能够帮助学生获取所需”能概括文章大意。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】学校生活 (School life)、细节理解、主旨大意、议论文、推理判断
4. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) C
(3) A
(4) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“Unfortunately, stress is not just a problem for adults. Teens are also vulnerable (易受伤害的) to stress and its effects.”可知，成年人和青少年都会受到压力和影响。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据第四段“The report also shows that teens are less aware (有……的意识) than adults about the impact stress can have on their physical and mental health.”可知，一项最新的调查表明，成年人比青少年更了解压力对他们人身健康的影响。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读最后一段尤其是最后一句“Getting enough sleep by having regular bedtimes can also help us avoid fatigue.”可推知，熬夜并不是缓解压力的好办法。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(4) 此题是最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了压力对青少年的影响以及如何帮助他们缓解压力的方法。C项“压力如何影响孩子及如何帮助他们应对（压力）”能概括文章主旨，适合做标题。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、推理判断、情感与情绪 (Feelings and moods)、最佳标题
5. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) B
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第一封邮件中的“To: Carla@”和“Subject: Help!”可知，当人们遇到问题需要帮助时，通常可能发邮件到Carla@。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据第一封邮件中的“Subject: Help!”最后两句中的“but how do I get her to forgive me What should I do ”及语境可知，Steve与同学产生了误会，想要寻求Carla的帮助。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据第二封邮件中的“First of all”“Then”“Also”可知Carla在回信中给Steve提出了三条建议。故选C。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、麻烦与问题 (Troubles and problems)、信件
6. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) C
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“When he was 24 years old, Qian went to America for further study.”可知，钱学森年轻时去美国是为了深造学习。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是主旨大意题。通读第三段尤其是第二、三句“In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rocket. Qian also played an important role in developing China's first man-made satellite.”可知，本段主要介绍了钱学森为中国所作出的贡献。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Zhu Yilin, who was said to be the last student of Qian Xuesen, once said, " I learned a lot of professional knowledge as well as the spirit and attitude that a scientist should have from Mr. Qian, especially his deep love for the motherland. ”可知，在Zhu Yilin看来，钱学森为祖国努力奋斗（的动力）源于他对祖国的热爱。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】著名人物 (Famous people)、细节理解、记叙文、主旨大意
7. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) A
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段第一句“Let us remember that we hold in our hand the most powerful instrument which man owns.”可知，作者通过描述笔的各种作用，从而强调了笔的重要性。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句中的“but the pen has done more”及第三句中的“it has prepared the way for all progress and development of the society”可知，轮子的发明、蒸汽机的引入、电力的使用都改变了数百万人的生活，但笔缺做得更多。它为社会的一切进步和发展铺平了道路。由此可推知，笔能够移除阻碍社会发展的东西。因此，画线词应是指“一些妨碍社会发展的东西”。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文通过讨论述笔的重要性和作用，强调了笔是人类拥有的一个非常强大的工具。C项“一个强大的工具”能够概况文章大意，适合做本文的标题。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】说明文、最佳标题、推理判断、猜测词义、发明与创造 (Inventions and creations)
8. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。根据第二段第五句“At the moment we need to be aware (有……意识的) of our surroundings, but our attention goes to the scariest thing on the scene, leaving us unaware of the other sights, sounds, and even smells around us.”可知，当人们遇到突发事件时，我们往往关注的是现场最令人害怕的东西，这使得我们注意不到周围其他的景象、声音甚至气味。由此推知，当我们遇到抢劫事件时，我们更多地会关注劫匪手上的枪。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。根据第三段第一、二句“These normal human reactions can be reversed. For example, firefighters are taught how to bring down their blood pressure and heart rates quickly.”并结合语境可知，这些正常的人体反应是可以逆转的。例如，消防员要学习如何降低血压和心率。由此可推知，画线词应意为“改变”。与B项意思相近。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读第四段尤其是第三、四句“Now think about what happens to our preparedness as the probability of something bad happening reduces. Unless we practice what hardly ever happens, our ability to respond when it does happen doesn't seem to work.”可知，越来越多的高科技可以为人类带来便利，然而这种便捷会削弱人们解决问题的能力。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段可知，本文主要介绍了人们在遇到紧急情况时会由于紧张而处理不当，因此作者建议人们要随时为可能发生的紧急情况做好准备，提高自己的危机预警意识。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】说明文、救护 (First aid)、推理判断、猜测词义
9. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) A
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。由Erika, Japan部分第三句“Our school tells us that we may not date, go to movies, leave home after the sunset or play video games without permission (允许) from school. 我们学校告诉我们不可以约会，不可以看电影，不可以日落后离开家，不可以未经学校许可玩电子游戏。”可知，在日本，学生未经许可不能打电子游戏。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。由Bill, USA部分第四句“In America, we can have part-time jobs in our free time. 在美国，我们可以在空闲时间做兼职工作。”可知，在美国，学生可以利用空闲时间做兼职。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。由Mary, China部分第三句“We have to wear school uniforms every day, and I think it is good for us because uniforms can make us look smart. 我们每天都要穿校服，我认为这对我们有好处，因为校服可以让我们看起来很聪明。”可知，Mary认为校服让学生看起来很有精神。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、规章制度 (Rules and regulations)
10. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) C
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。由第二段第五句“Capsules (舱) move through the tube. ”及常识可知，密封舱在真空管中运行，就像地铁在地下隧道中运行一样。因此ET3很像地铁。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。由第五段第五、六句“The air slows the airplanes down. Because there isn't any air in the ET3 tubes, the capsules are able to move at a very high speed.”可知，空气会减缓飞机的速度，而ET3在真空管中行驶，不存在这一问题。所以速度很快。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。由最后一段第一句“It's exciting to think of how ET3 will change the travel in the future.”可知，作者希望ET3能改变未来的旅行方式。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、科学技术 (Science and technology)、推理判断
11. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) A
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。通读全文尤其是第二段第一句“As we all know, it is beneficial for teenagers to have more knowledge and understand the world better.”和最后一段最后一句“Let's hope these projects help teenagers understand more about the lives of others on the other side of the world.”可知，青少年们被鼓励去更多地了解这个世界。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段最后一句“But how can we get to know and understand people who are living in different countries better ”及最后一段第一句“Now, more and more projects have been started since then all around the world. ”可知，作者在文中主要阐述了这些能够将青少年联系起来以便使他们更好地了解这个世界的项目是如何发展起来的。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了世界上不同国家的青少年利用互联网互相了解对方、帮助对方，以便更好地了解这个世界。D项“青少年的国际社区”能概括文章大意，适合做标题。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】说明文、细节理解、最佳标题、人际交往 (Interpersonal communication)、推理判断
12. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。由第三段第二、三句“They found that when the men slept 10 hours, they woke up with normal levels of hormone and normal appetite. But when they slept only four hours, they had higher levels of hormone that stimulates appetite and lower levels of the hormone that signals fullness.”可知，睡眠时间短的人体内能刺激食物的激素水平较高，说明饱腹感的激素水平较低，也就是说，睡眠不足会容易发胖。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。由第三段第三句“But when they slept only four hours, they had higher levels of hormone that stimulates appetite and lower levels of the hormone that signals fullness.”及第五段“And not only were the men hungry, but also what they wanted to eat wasn't nutritious (有营养的).”可知，睡眠时间短的人会更容易感到饥饿并想吃东西。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是词义猜测题。由第三段第二、三句“They found that when the men slept 10 hours, they woke up with normal levels of hormone and normal appetite. But when they slept only four hours, they had higher levels of hormone that stimulates appetite and lower levels of the hormone that signals fullness.”可知，睡眠时长会改变人体内刺激食欲的激素水平。由此可推知，划线词应意为“改变”，与C项意思一致。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) 此题是推理判断题。通读倒数第二段尤其是最后两句“Today, it's down to seven or less. Meno says Americans might want to reconsider (重新考虑) the amount of time they sleep.”可知，美国人也许需要重新考虑睡眠时长。也就是说，目前美国人正面临肥胖的问题。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、推理判断、科普知识 (Popular science)、猜测词义
13. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) A
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。由表格第一部分第二句“ Tenth Hadith, a teenager from India, used UV to make the leaves stay fresh for a year.”可知， Tenth Hadith用UV使香蕉叶在一年内保持新鲜。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。由表格第二部分第二句“It is able to go into the smallest places, where humans or dogs can't go.”可知，David Cohen发明的蚯蚓机器人可以进入人或救生犬无法进入的最狭小的空间。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。由表格第三部分第二句中的“…reused some bicycle parts and created a washing machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at the same time.”可知，Remya Jose发明了人们节省时间的洗衣机。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、发明与创造 (Inventions and creations)
14. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) D
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。由第一段最后两句中的“I bought some wonderful corms to plant for next spring. But now I have no time to deal with them”可知，Miriam 担心自己没有时间播种球茎。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。由第五段第一句“When Miriam got back a few months later, she and I went out for dinner to celebrate her return. ”可知，作者和Miriam出去吃饭是为了庆祝她旅行归来。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。由倒数第三段最后一句“You planted cat poop.”可知，作者在Miriam回来后才知道自己种的是猫屎。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】细节理解、记叙文、个人经历 (Personal experiences)
15. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) D
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。由第五段第一、二句“Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. ”可知，跑鞋会增加跑步者受伤的风险是因为它们会影响人们跑步的方式。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。由第五、六两段尤其是第五段第一、二句及第六段第二至第四句可知，穿跑鞋的跑着者通常会脚后跟先着地，但这会给足后部施加很大压力，而跑鞋的设计恰巧解释了为什么人们会用脚后跟着地，是因为跑鞋后部通常设计得又重又大。由此可推知，许多跑鞋的设计都不合理。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第五段第三、四句“But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they feel relaxed when landing and avoid hitting their heel hard.”可知，作者写本文主要是为了解释光脚跑步对跑着者的身体有好处。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】说明文、推理判断、细节理解、研究 (Studies and researches)
一、阅读理解题
Interesting Magazines for Kids
The Click Magazine introduces new things about the learning environment to the kids. Have you worried about introducing new things to your kids Don't worry! Click Magazine will help you. Like most of the magazines for kids, Click features typical elements like stories, drawings, fun facts, etc. The magazine is based on the motto, "Opening Windows for Young Minds" and it really does.
Does your child have an inclination towards the arts and crafts Or are they interested in science Maybe you should think of getting them the Ask Magazine . Ask is the magazine about science, inventions and more for children aged 6 to 9 years. Ask is a good educational magazine and kids can seek inspiration from it to create new ideas and scientific facts.
Highlights for children is a magazine for kids filled with puzzles and projects that challenge the young minds. It covers some interesting areas for kids. They are unique and are unlike the typical magazines for kids. It offers good challenge to the young minds. The focus and goal of the magazine is to nourish the young mind, increase creativity and develop a wide outlook.
(1) Opening Windows for Young Minds is the motto of Magazine.
A．Click
B．Ask
C．Highlights
D．Interesting
(2) You can get your friends the Ask Magazine if they are interested in .
A．facts B．puzzles C．history D．science
(3) Why is Highlights unique and unlike the typical magazines for kids
A．Because it can help to learn new things.
B．Because it can help to create new ideas and scientific facts.
C．Because it can help to offer good challenge to the young minds.
D．Because it can help young kids to make their dreams come true.
When you picture mountain climbers scaling (攀登) Mount Everest, what probably comes to mind are teams of climbers equipped with oxygen masks, supplies and tents. And in most cases you'd be right, as 97 percent of climbers use oxygen to ascend (登上) to Everest's summit at 8,848 metres above sea level.
But Kilian Jornet Burgada ascended the mountain in May 2017 alone, without an oxygen mask or fixed ropes for climbing.
Oh, and he did it in 26 hours.
Born in 1987, Kilian has been training for Everest his whole life. And that really does mean his whole life, as he grew up 2,000 metres above sea level in the Pyrenees in the ski resort in Catalonia, north-eastern Spain. While other children his age were learning to walk, Kilian was on skis. At one and a half years old he did a five-hour hike with his mother, entirely under his own steam (精力，力气). He left his peers (同龄人) even further behind when he climbed his first mountain. By age seven, he had scaled a 4,000 metres mountain.
He was 13 when he started to take it 'seriously' and trained with the Ski Mountaineering Technical Centre in Catalonia, entering competitions and working with a coach. At 18, he took over his own ski-mountaineering and trail-running training. He does as many as 1,140 hours of endurance training a year, plus strength training and technical workouts as well as specific training in the week before a race.
All this is thanks to his childhood in the mountains and to genetics (遗传基因), but it is his mental strength that sets him apart. He often sets himself challenges to see how long he can endure difficult conditions in order to truly understand what his body and mind can cope (处理，应对) with.
It would take a book to list all the races and awards he has won and the mountains he has climbed.
(1) How many climbers don't use oxygen when they ascend to Everest's summit
A．3% B．18% C．26% D．97%
(2) The writer wants us to know in Paragraph 4.
A．Kilian's birthplace is a ski resort
B．Kilian has been training for Everest for many years
C．Kilian liked climbing mountains in his early childhood
D．Kilian showed his great gift in mountain climbing when he was young
(3) The underlined words "sets him apart" in Paragraph 6 probably means .
A．使他勇敢 B．使他出众 C．将他消灭 D．将他重创
Skills vs. Knowledge in Education
Education systems all over the world are based on the idea that students get and remember information from teachers and books. These systems test this knowledge with standardized tests which compare students to each other. They only test the kind of information which is possible to measure (测试，测量) in tests. The goal is gaining information, not developing skills by which to use and make information. Unlike the old style of education where people remembered things in order to pass tests and get higher scores than other students, the modern world calls for a new kind of education in which the focus (焦点) is deep understanding, creativity and information management skills.
Einstein said "Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world." All the knowledge in the world is useless unless you are able to use information in creative ways. Knowledge is what other people have created. Understanding is all about what you think about something. Everybody sees, hears, feels and thinks differently. No two people in the world have the same understanding of the same thing. It is impossible to give tests on a point of view. Because of this, tests are illogical. The only reason tests exist is to label (归类) students as "smart" or "stupid". There are many kinds of intelligence (智力，智能), however. One of the most famous researchers in the field of intelligence, Gardner, found at least seven different kinds of intelligence. Intelligence and understanding are related. Unfortunately, tests only measure one kind of intelligence.
In the modern world skills are more important than knowledge. If a person knows many facts, it is impressive, but not very useful. It is of much greater importance to be able to find information quickly, organize that information, analyze (分析) and understand the main ideas, put different pieces of information together, and create new information. Together these skills make what we call information management and innovation, the skills which are most desired (期望) in the business world.
Most people in the world believe that education is about remembering things to take tests which measure one's performance against other people who have studied the same information. However, this idea no longer matches the reality of the modern world in which knowledge is less important than creativity and deep understanding. To be successful in the age of technology, education must focus on helping students gain information management and innovation skills.
(1) The new kind of education in the modern world doesn't focus on .
A．creativity B．gaining information
C．deep understanding D．information management skills
(2) According to the passage, which of the following is useless
A．You do as what your teacher tells you in class.
B．You examine a text first carefully to understand what it means.
C．You organize your ideas so that people can understand and follow you.
D．You come up with a solution by asking the questions and understanding the problem.
(3) What's the passage mainly about
A．How people can live in the age of technology.
B．What knowledge tests measure in the age of technology.
C．How students develop themselves in the age of technology.
D．What education helps the students to gain in the age of technology.
Feeling stressed has almost become the norm (常态) for many busy American families. Although one kind of stress called "eustress" can actually be positive (积极的) and productive (有用的), many suffer far too often from negative stress. All that stress leads us to cope in unhealthy ways that take their toll on (对……造成伤害) overall health and well-being. Unfortunately, stress is not just a problem for adults. Teens are also vulnerable (易受伤害的) to stress and its effects.
The latest Stress in America Survey by the American Psychological Association (APA) polled (对…...做民意调查) adults as well as 1,018 teens who live in the United States about stress over the previous month. While American adults report higher stress levels than what they believe to be healthy, the survey also shows the patterns of unhealthy stress behaviors we see in adults impact (影响) teens as well. According to the survey, many American teens report experiencing stress at unhealthy levels, appear uncertain in their stress management techniques and experience symptoms (症状) of stress in numbers that mirror adults' experiences. Stress during the teen years also seems to take a toll on activity, nutrition and lifestyle behaviors.
Stress impacts teens in many ways. The survey shows that 36% of teens report fatigue (feeling tired); 35% report lying awake at night; 32% report having headaches; and 23% report skipping a meal.
The report also shows that teens are less aware (有……的意识) than adults about the impact stress can have on their physical and mental health.
It's important that parents find ways to manage stress positively and productively. Because our kids see what we do and how we handle different situations and stressors, for better or worse. we need to model as best as we can positive ways of perceiving (认识) and coping with stress.
Staying physically active, engaging in exercise and sitting less can temper (缓和) stress. Finding activities we enjoy can help our hearts be healthier. Eating different kinds of nutrient-rich foods, for example, whole grains, fruits, vegetables and healthy fats throughout the day can help have mood-boosting. Connecting with others regularly, laughing and thinking can also help. Getting enough sleep by having regular bedtimes can also help us avoid fatigue.
(1) What can we learn from the passage
A．Both adults and teens can be affected by stress.
B．It's not common to see stress in many busy American families.
C．The survey shows that stress impacts teens most in falling asleep.
D．Meeting and talking with friends does no good to reduce stress.
(2) The latest Stress in America Survey shows that _____.
A．adults' experience can impact teens little
B．teens know how to manage their stress very well
C．adults know the impact stress can have better than teens
D．less teens report having headaches than skipping a meal
(3) According to the survey, _____ is NOT a good way to cope with stress.
A．burning the midnight oil
B．taking time out for sports often
C．eating different kinds of vegetables and fruits
D．visiting your friends or relatives every weekend
(4) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Stress Affects the Young and the Old
B．Doing Exercises Can Help Temper Stress
C．How Stress Affects Kids and How to Help Them Cope
D．Stress Has Impacts on People's Physical and Mental Health
To: Carla@ From: Steve@
Subject: Help! Date: 15/ 08/ 2019 9:05 AM
Dear Aunt Carla, I'm having a problem with my classmate, Joan, at school. The other day I wrote an email to another classmate, Beth, in which I said something about Joan that perhaps wasn't very nice. Unluckily, when Beth was writing back to me, she sent it to Joan@, which is Joan's email address! Now Joan is really angry with me and won't talk to me, and Beth is unhappy as well. She has said sorry to me a hundred times already, but the harm is done. I feel bad, because I would never have said those things to Joan's face, but how do I get her to forgive me What should I do Steve
To: Steve@ From: Carla@
Subject: Some advice Date:16/ 08/ 2019 8:30 AM
Dear Steve, This problem is more common than you might think! Email is very useful, but also very dangerous, as you don't know where your message might end up! First of all, you should say sorry right away to Joan. Explain that it was a mistake, and that you didn't mean to hurt her feelings. It may take time for her to be able to forgive you, but that's up to her. Then you might want to do something nice for her. Perhaps send her some flowers to show that you're truly sorry. Also, you should remember that old saying: "If you don't have anything nice to say, don't say anything at all." And good luck! Carla
(1) If people have any problem, they may send an email to _____.
A．Steve@ B．Joan@
C．Beth@ D．Carla@
(2) Why did Steve write the email to Carla
A．To say sorry. B．To ask for advice.
C．To give advice. D．To say something friendly.
(3) Carla gave _____ pieces of advice in her reply.
A．three B．four C．five D．six
Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. He is known as "the father of China's space program" and "the king of the rocket".
When he was 24 years old, Qian went to America for further study. After graduation, he worked in America for a few years, where his working conditions were better. In the early 1950s, he heard new China had been founded and decided not to stay in America any longer. He succeeded in coming back to his motherland in 1955 though the American government tried to stop him.
In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested setting up a special organization, which later became the leading organization for China's rocket and air travel programs. In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rocket. Qian also played an important role in developing China's first man-made satellite. On April 24, 1970, "Dongfanghong-1" was successfully sent into the air.
In 1964, a young man wrote Qian Xuesen a letter and pointed out a mistake in his published article. Qian immediately answered the letter and encouraged the young man to write an article about the mistake.
Zhu Yilin, who was said to be the last student of Qian Xuesen, once said, " I learned a lot of professional knowledge as well as the spirit and attitude that a scientist should have from Mr. Qian, especially his deep love for the motherland. Without that, he couldn't have helped to develop science and technology when new China was badly in need of scientists for its development. Without that, he would not have made the great contribution (贡献) to rocket industry in the late 1950s and nearly 1960s when conditions in China were too hard."
Mr. Qian has been dead for eleven years, but he will live in the memory of Chinese people forever.
(1) Why did Qian Xuesen go to America when he was young
A．To find a new job.
B．To receive further study.
C．To meet with his parents.
D．To find better working conditions.
(2) What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The way Qian Xuesen tried to return to China.
B．The reason why a special organization was set up.
C．The contribution Qian Xuesen has made to China.
D．The role Qian Xuesen played in making the satellite.
(3) In Zhu Yilin's opinion, what made Qian Xuesen work hard for his motherland
A．His love for the motherland. B．His working experience.
C．His professional knowledge. D．His attitude towards science.
Some people think pen is small, needless to say. They think pen isn't useful, especially in the modern life. But what are you holding in your hand while you are taking the examinations in your classroom Right. A pen.
It is through the pen that our messages can be recorded and passed on. That is why we have been able to know our history. The pen has changed the history, improved the trade of countries, recorded events, carried news, and done far more work for human beings than all other tools. The moment our pen scratches on the paper, it seems as if our thoughts are floating like a boat, traveling on an unending journey around a much more colorful world.
Progress without it would have been almost impossible. The invention of the wheel, the introduction of steam engine, the use of electricity, all these have changed the lives of millions of people, but the pen has done more. It has taken away mountains, and it has prepared the way for all progress and development of the society.
In the past the pen did all the work if people wanted to keep any writing for some time. The lawyers took up their pens and wrote the law of the country from the days when papyrus (纸莎草纸) was first used. The most famous letters in the world were written with a pen. It was with a pen that the greatest thinkers of all time wrote down their thoughts.
The pen is very utilitarian. We cannot sign a bill or write a letter or buy a house without our pen. An agreement is worthless till our name is written with a pen. The writers encourage the world with it. The students take their examinations with it as well.
Our coming into the world is recorded with a pen. Before we have been at school, our name is written on the name list with a pen. We cannot be married till we have signed. A pen records the important events in our life.
Let us remember that we hold in our hand the most powerful instrument which man owns. The pen is a magic tool. While the lazy are trying hard to avoid the trouble of using the pen, the wise can hardly wait to make the best use of it to create a joyful and meaningful life. So whenever you use it, please enjoy it.
(1) What is the writer trying to do in this passage
A．Describe what a pen looks like.
B．Introduce the history of the pen.
C．Advise people to prepare a pen.
D．Show the importance of the pen.
(2) The word "mountains" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to "something to _____".
A．stop the social development
B．prepare for the social progress
C．explain the use of electricity
D．change the social lives of people
(3) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．A Magic Record B．An Important Event
C．A Powerful Tool D．An Exciting Invention
On January 15, 2009, the crew of US Airways Flight 1549 experienced a never-in-a-lifetime event. Less than two minutes after takeoff, some birds found their way into the airplane's two engines and brought them to a sudden stop. Over the next three and a half minutes, the crew managed to identify the problem, decide what to do about it, and make the most successful emergency (突发事件) landing in aviation (航空) history.
We all experience similar moments. Earthquakes, medical emergencies—whatever the situation, the first thing you probably do is scare. Everybody does. While many of us think that we're cool in a crisis （危机), science tells us that we seldom are. At the moment we need to be aware (有……意识的) of our surroundings, but our attention goes to the scariest thing on the scene, leaving us unaware of the other sights, sounds, and even smells around us. At the moment, we're anything but at our best.
These normal human reactions can be reversed. For example, firefighters are taught how to bring down their blood pressure and heart rates quickly. Box breathing, belly breathing—you can learn these techniques in minutes. Once you calm down, you'll exactly find out what the problem is really about. Lack of practice always causes us to judge problems in wrong ways. Doing the thinking ahead of time also helps you fire off the solution when it's show time. This is why you are advised to find the closest exit before the flight.
Performing in a crisis is becoming more important for all of us for two reasons. Back in the good old days, the dependability of most anything we used or did was far less than it is today. Now think about what happens to our preparedness as the probability of something bad happening reduces. Unless we practice what hardly ever happens, our ability to respond when it does happen doesn't seem to work. Also, as our life becomes better, the systems we use today are more complex (复杂的). There are seldom moving parts in clear view that allow us to see when things are about to go wrong. So terrible situations can "come out of nowhere".
As technology becomes part of most everything, and as once-large risks break into countless small ones, crisis situations may become standard events. We should all learn to breathe, recognize the situation, and carry out the plan that we are smart enough to prepare well in advance.
(1) According to the passage, when an armed robbery (抢劫) happens, most people around will first _____.
A．focus on the gun B．pretend to be calm
C．decide what to do D．observe the surroundings
(2) What does the underlined word "reversed" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Tested. B．Changed. C．Predicted. D．Understood.
(3) It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that _____.
A．things are less important than they used to be
B．carefulness helps prevent the crisis happening
C．convenience reduces our problem-solving ability
D．the complexity of present systems ensures our safety
(4) What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
A．To introduce ways of avoiding crisis situations.
B．To point out the connection between stress and risks.
C．To raise awareness of the preparation for emergencies.
D．To show the influence of technology on crisis management.
School Rules
Erika, Japan As students, we should wear our school uniforms every day. We are not allowed to change the color of our hair. Our school tells us that we may not date, go to movies, leave home after the sunset or play video games without permission (允许) from school. In class we must listen to the teacher carefully. In our free time, we are not allowed to take part-time jobs.
Jacky, Australia Every student has the right to be safe and happy at school. Wear the correct uniform and show respect to yourself and the school. Don't fight with others at school. Smoking is not allowed for your own sake (利益) and that of others. Don't use mobile phones or other electronic devices in class. Don't trouble with the learning of the other students.
Bill, USA We have to wear school uniforms. Food, drinks or snacks shouldn't be taken into the classroom. We are supposed to keep quiet on the school bus. In America, we can have part-time jobs in our free time. Gum chewing (嚼口香糖) at school is not allowed, as it is difficult to clean up. And if we chew gum in class, we may not pay more attention to our study.
Mary, China Here are some of our school rules. We shouldn't be late for school. We have to wear school uniforms every day, and I think it is good for us because uniforms can make us look smart. We can't talk loudly in class or run in the hallways during break. We are not allowed to use mobile phones at school. We mustn't smoke because it's bad for our health.
(1) According to the rules, video games can't be played freely in .
A．China B．Japan C．Australia D．the USA
(2) Which of the following is allowed in American school rules
A．Taking part-time jobs.
B．Taking snacks into classroom.
C．Chewing gum in class.
D．Talking loudly on the school bus.
(3) Mary thinks school uniforms can make students look .
A．cool B．simple C．smart D．friendly
Travel in the Future
These days, if you want to travel from New York to Beijing, the flight takes about 16 hours. You also have to wait at the airport, and sometimes you have to transfer (换乘) onto a different airplane. If you add all of that extra time, the trip takes at least 20 hours. But in the future, the trip from New York to Beijing might only take two hours.
Right now, a company is developing something called ET3, which stands for "evacuated tube (真空管) transport technology". Here's how it works. A tube goes all the way from New York to Beijing. The tube is only a few meters wide. Capsules (舱) move through the tube. Six people can sit in one capsule. The capsules use electricity instead of oil. For international travel, the capsules can travel at about 6,500 kilometers per hour. That's much faster than airplanes—most modern airplanes usually only fly at about 800 kilometers per hour.
So how is this possible How can these capsules travel so fast The answer is that there is no air inside the tube. When airplanes fly, they have to move through air. The air slows the airplanes down. Because there isn't any air in the ET3 tubes, the capsules are able to move at a very high speed. Also, the capsules are quite light. Each only weighs 183 kilograms.
There are other advantages of ET3. Because it uses electricity; it's quite clean. Also, it's a lot quieter than airplanes and cars. Finally, ET3 tubes and capsules don't require very much building materials.
Of course, ET3 doesn't come into use yet. The technology is still being developed. Developers still have to solve a lot of problems. The biggest problem is that right now ET3 would be far too expensive. In order to make ET3 cheaper, we will need much better technology.
It's exciting to think of how ET3 will change the travel in the future. Who knows Maybe someday you'll be able to have lunch in New York and dinner in Beijing.
(1) According to the passage, an ET3 looks more like a .
A．spaceship B．bus C．plane D．subway train
(2) ET3 travels at the very high speed because .
A．it is powered by electricity and oil
B．it is much lighter than an airplane
C．it moves through a tube without air
D．it is made up of fewer capsules
(3) From the passage, the writer expects that .
A．modern technology will be used in airplanes
B．ET3
will take the place of airplanes some day
C．less money will be spent for passengers on ET3
D．ET3 will change the travel in the future greatly
At present, we can use computers or smart phones to text messages to the friends around the world. We can buy fruit from Brazil or see movies made in India on the websites. But how can we get to know and understand people who are living in different countries better
As we all know, it is beneficial for teenagers to have more knowledge and understand the world better. We must remember that they are the decision-makers of the future. To shape the world in the interests of all, we should help them to act as responsible global citizens (公民). So it is important for them to learn more about how other people live in different parts of the world. By doing this, they can find out what problems they have in their communities and decide how they can help each other better.
A charity (慈善) group in the UK started a project for Africa in February, 2004. The aim of the project was to take a fresh look at Africa's past and present and the international community's role in its development. Lots of British students took part in the project. Students from 25 UK schools connected with students from 25 African schools to discuss the African Continent (非洲) and its culture on the Internet. Some students from the poor areas in Africa were taken to the places that had computers, so they could take part in the project. Students used their computers to work on the Internet and send emails. They could even design their own web pages with pictures, sounds and videos. Together the teenagers built a website which went live in June, 2005. Through the project teenagers were encouraged to study the different cultures of Africa as well as some of the problems facing young people in Africa.
Now, more and more projects have been started since then all around the world. Teenagers from schools in different countries are still trying to make connections and find out more about each other. Let's hope these projects help teenagers understand more about the lives of others on the other side of the world.
(1) According to the passage, teenagers are encouraged to .
A．use computers as often as possible in their free time
B．have more knowledge and understand the world better
C．go abroad and learn different cultures of other countries
D．offer their second-hand computers to African students
(2) What does the writer mainly tell us according to the passage
A．How the projects have developed around the world.
B．What all the students have achieved from the projects.
C．Why British schools took part in the project so early.
D．Who helped the charity group to set up the project.
(3) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Teenagers' Projects in African Schools
B．Websites Designed by African Teenagers
C．Language Systems All over the World
D．Teenagers' International Community
Sleep and Weight
A couple of groups of researchers have found the reason why people are getting fatter. Researchers from the University of Chicago recruited (征募) 12 young men who came to their sleep lab on four different nights. Two nights, the men slept only four hours. The other two nights, they slept ten hours. Researchers Van Carter headed the study.
"After two nights of either short sleep or long sleep, we checked in their blood every 20 minutes or 30 minutes the levels of the hormone stimulating appetite(刺激食欲)."
They also checked the hormone that signals the brain when you're full. They found that when the men slept 10 hours, they woke up with normal levels of hormone and normal appetite. But when they slept only four hours, they had higher levels of hormone that stimulates appetite and lower levels of the hormone that signals fullness.
"Yeah, our study suggests that short sleep does modify the hormone that controls appetite in such a way that one is hungrier."
And not only were the men hungry, but also what they wanted to eat wasn't nutritious (有营养的).
"The foods that they preferred were candy, cookies, cake, ice cream, potato chips, pretzels, bread, pasta, rice, all high-carbohydrate (碳水化合物) food."
Another study came to similar results. Researchers at Stanford University analyzed (分析) data from over 1,000 volunteers who answered questions about sleep habits and also had their hormone levels measure. Psychiatrist (精神病专家) Emmmanuel Meno saw the same increase in the hormone stimulating appetite, and the same decrease (降低) in hormone that signals fullness.
"What's interesting about it is that it's counter-intuitive (反直觉的), because most people would say, 'Oh, yes. If you sleep a lot, you are lazy and you're going to be overweight.' and actually that's not what we observe (观察)."
Over the past forty years, American adults have cut down their average sleep time. They slept about eight and a half hour. Today, it's down to seven or less. Meno says Americans might want to reconsider (重新考虑) the amount of time they sleep.
"Now I think what we are finding is that it's important to sleep the right amount, and healthy sleep is as important as exercise and nutrition. I think, indeed, people who are overweight should sleep a little more. But if they treat better their sleep, it may help them to lose weight."
(1) According to the passage, the researchers find that .
A．it's easier to get overweight if we don't have enough sleep
B．our emotions make great influence on the quality of sleep
C．we will lose weight more easily if we often stay up late
D．taking enough exercise will make us keep good shapes
(2) According to the researches, short sleepers usually seem to .
A．have a pale face and feel very tired the next morning
B．feel a little hungry and have something to eat eagerly
C．have no sense of sleep and keep awake all the night
D．have
high blood pressure and result as a bad headache
(3) What does the underlined word "modify" mean in the passage
A．Provide. B．Prevent. C．Change. D．Improve.
(4) What can we infer from the passage
A．Most of the Americans will insist on increasing their sleeping time.
B．Overweight people will control their food instead of taking exercise.
C．It's necessary to check the levels of hormone in our blood every day.
D．Americans are facing the problem of getting overweight at present.
Teenagers have a lot of new ideas. Let's have a look at these teenage inventions that might change the world.
Banana leaves usually go bad in two or three days. Tenth Hadith, a teenager from India, used UV to make the leaves stay fresh for a year. Tenth thinks that one day the leaves will be used for making plates, cups and other things.
David Cohen, an American teenager, built an earthworm (蚯蚓) robot. It is able to go into the smallest places, where humans or dogs can't go. It will be used for finding people in a fire or an earthquake.
Remya Jose, a 14-year-old girl from India, found it tiring and boring to hand wash clothes in the nearby river. She reused some bicycle parts and created a washing machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at the same time.
Kenneth Shinozuku, a 15-year-old boy from New York, noticed that his grandfather who got Alzheimer's disease (老年痴呆) would often leave home and get lost. So he invented the wearable sensors (感应器) to help people find their family members like his grandfather.
(1) How long did Tenth Hadith use UV to make the leaves stay fresh
A．For two days. B．For three days.
C．For two years. D．For a year.
(2) The earthworm robot made by David Cohen can .
A．go into the smallest places B．help people wash clothes
C．take care of the old people D．make things stay fresh
(3) Who created a washing machine that can save time
A．Kenneth Shinozuku. B．Remya Jose.
C．David Cohen. D．Tenth Hadith.
Plant Anything
A good friend of mine, Miriam, was going away on a long trip during the autumn. I called her the day before she would leave for the trip to wish her have a good trip. She was completely behind on everything she needed to do. She was a little worried. "I bought some wonderful corms to plant for next spring. But now I have no time to deal with them," she said.
I always plant many seeds (种子) in March and by June enjoy the sweet smell everywhere. I just can't bear the thought of a plant not getting a chance to grow. "I'll plant them for you," I told her.
"Oh, would you " Miriam was excited. She promised to put them out on the porch (走廊) for me.
I arrived several days later and found a paper bag on the porch. After a lot of work, I planted all the corms in the perfect place.
When Miriam got back a few months later, she and I went out for dinner to celebrate her return. While eating, she said, "You know, I still can't believe I forgot to put those corms out on the porch!"
I looked at her in surprise. "What do you mean Of course, you put them out. They were sitting on the porch in a paper bag."
"No, " she said, "They're still sitting on the desk where I left them."
"So, what did I plant that morning " I asked.
She stopped as if to prepare me for her news. Then she slowly said, "That was cat poop (猫屎). You planted cat poop."
Miriam looked at my face and did the best to keep from laughing. But I was too busy replaying the pictures of me picking these cat poop from a paper bag and planting them.
Years have passed since then, and both our gardens and our friendship have continued to grow. I guess, I really will try to plant just about anything.
(1) What did Miriam worried about
A．She had no time to plant her corms.
B．She would spend too much time on the trip.
C．She had too many seeds to plant in spring.
D．There was no place for her corms in her garden.
(2) Why did the writer go out for dinner with Miriam
A．To make friends with her. B．To plant seeds with her.
C．To listen to her news. D．To celebrate her return.
(3) What did the writer know after Miriam got back
A．The corms grew very well. B．Miriam's garden was sweet.
C．The writer planted cat poop. D．Miriam had a very good trip.
Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries (损伤) to runners.
One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were watched on a running machine. Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot (赤脚).
Researchers from the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study. They found that running shoes create more stress that could hurt knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They watched that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels (高跟鞋). The study appeared in an official scientific magazine.
The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow. They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.
Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they feel relaxed when landing and avoid hitting their heel hard.
Harvard's Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.
But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured.
The study was partly supported by Vibram, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot. The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say there are many problems. So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website.
(1) Why do running shoes increase the risk of injuries to runners
A．Runners usually land on the front of the foot first.
B．They're much bigger and heavier than high heels.
C．They have a big effect on the way the runners run.
D．Runners always run in small size running shoes.
(2) What can we learn from the passage
A．No one will run with running shoes in the future.
B．High heels' design is better than running shoes'.
C．Runners won't be injured if they run barefoot.
D．Most running shoes are designed improperly.
(3) What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
A．To explain why people like running with running shoes.
B．To show running without shoes is of benefit to runners.
C．To encourage all the runners to try to run barefoot now.
D．To help people know the feelings of running with shoes.
答案
一、阅读理解题（共15题）
1. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) D
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第一个表格最后一句“The magazine is based on the motto, 'Opening Windows for Young Minds' and it really does.”可知，“为年轻人打开心灵的窗户”是Click杂志的座右铭。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据第二个表格第四句“Ask is the magazine about science, inventions and more for children aged 6 to 9 years.”可知，如果你的朋友们对科学感兴趣，那么你可以给他们买Ask杂志。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据第三个表格倒数第二句“It offers good challenge to the young minds.”可知，Highlights杂志不同于一般的儿童杂志，是因为它可以挑战年轻人的思维。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】细节理解、报纸与杂志 (Newspapers and magazines)、广告
2. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) D
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中的“97 percent of climbers use oxygen to ascend (登上) to Everest's summit at 8,848 metres above sea level”可推知，有3%的登山者在登顶珠穆朗玛峰时不使用氧气。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是主旨大意题。通读第四段可知，本段主要介绍了登山运动运Kilian童年时期的登山经历。由此可推知，作者想让我们通过第四段的内容了解Kilian小时候就表现出了登山方面的天赋。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是词义猜测题。根据第六段最后一句的“He often sets himself challenges to see how long he can endure difficult conditions in order to truly understand what his body and mind can cope (处理，应对) with.”可知，为了真正了解自己的生理和心理状况，Kilian经常将自己置于挑战中，来测试自己在困境中可以忍受多久。由此可推知，这种精神力量让Kilian脱颖而出。由此可推知，画线词应意为“使他出众”。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】著名人物 (Famous people)、推理判断、记叙文、主旨大意、猜测词义
3. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) A
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“the modern world calls for a new kind of education in which the focus (焦点) is deep understanding, creativity and information management skills”可知，现代社会的新型教育并不注重获取信息。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。根据第二段第四句“All the knowledge in the world is useless unless you are able to use information in creative ways. ”可知，除非你能够创造性地使用信息，否则世界上所有的知识都是无用的。由此可推知，如果你按照老师在课堂上告诉你的来做（而没有自己的创新）是没有用的。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要通过对比新旧教育体系、引用名人语录，论述了新时代的教育应该让学生更多地关注创新，深入理解和信息管理技能的掌握。D项“在技术时代，什么样的教育能够帮助学生获取所需”能概括文章大意。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】学校生活 (School life)、细节理解、主旨大意、议论文、推理判断
4. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) C
(3) A
(4) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“Unfortunately, stress is not just a problem for adults. Teens are also vulnerable (易受伤害的) to stress and its effects.”可知，成年人和青少年都会受到压力和影响。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据第四段“The report also shows that teens are less aware (有……的意识) than adults about the impact stress can have on their physical and mental health.”可知，一项最新的调查表明，成年人比青少年更了解压力对他们人身健康的影响。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读最后一段尤其是最后一句“Getting enough sleep by having regular bedtimes can also help us avoid fatigue.”可推知，熬夜并不是缓解压力的好办法。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(4) 此题是最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了压力对青少年的影响以及如何帮助他们缓解压力的方法。C项“压力如何影响孩子及如何帮助他们应对（压力）”能概括文章主旨，适合做标题。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、推理判断、情感与情绪 (Feelings and moods)、最佳标题
5. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) B
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第一封邮件中的“To: Carla@”和“Subject: Help!”可知，当人们遇到问题需要帮助时，通常可能发邮件到Carla@。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。根据第一封邮件中的“Subject: Help!”最后两句中的“but how do I get her to forgive me What should I do ”及语境可知，Steve与同学产生了误会，想要寻求Carla的帮助。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据第二封邮件中的“First of all”“Then”“Also”可知Carla在回信中给Steve提出了三条建议。故选C。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】细节理解、麻烦与问题 (Troubles and problems)、信件
6. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) C
(3) A
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“When he was 24 years old, Qian went to America for further study.”可知，钱学森年轻时去美国是为了深造学习。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是主旨大意题。通读第三段尤其是第二、三句“In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rocket. Qian also played an important role in developing China's first man-made satellite.”可知，本段主要介绍了钱学森为中国所作出的贡献。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Zhu Yilin, who was said to be the last student of Qian Xuesen, once said, " I learned a lot of professional knowledge as well as the spirit and attitude that a scientist should have from Mr. Qian, especially his deep love for the motherland. ”可知，在Zhu Yilin看来，钱学森为祖国努力奋斗（的动力）源于他对祖国的热爱。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
【知识点】著名人物 (Famous people)、细节理解、记叙文、主旨大意
7. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) A
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段第一句“Let us remember that we hold in our hand the most powerful instrument which man owns.”可知，作者通过描述笔的各种作用，从而强调了笔的重要性。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句中的“but the pen has done more”及第三句中的“it has prepared the way for all progress and development of the society”可知，轮子的发明、蒸汽机的引入、电力的使用都改变了数百万人的生活，但笔缺做得更多。它为社会的一切进步和发展铺平了道路。由此可推知，笔能够移除阻碍社会发展的东西。因此，画线词应是指“一些妨碍社会发展的东西”。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文通过讨论述笔的重要性和作用，强调了笔是人类拥有的一个非常强大的工具。C项“一个强大的工具”能够概况文章大意，适合做本文的标题。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】说明文、最佳标题、推理判断、猜测词义、发明与创造 (Inventions and creations)
8. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。根据第二段第五句“At the moment we need to be aware (有……意识的) of our surroundings, but our attention goes to the scariest thing on the scene, leaving us unaware of the other sights, sounds, and even smells around us.”可知，当人们遇到突发事件时，我们往往关注的是现场最令人害怕的东西，这使得我们注意不到周围其他的景象、声音甚至气味。由此推知，当我们遇到抢劫事件时，我们更多地会关注劫匪手上的枪。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是词义猜测题。根据第三段第一、二句“These normal human reactions can be reversed. For example, firefighters are taught how to bring down their blood pressure and heart rates quickly.”并结合语境可知，这些正常的人体反应是可以逆转的。例如，消防员要学习如何降低血压和心率。由此可推知，画线词应意为“改变”。与B项意思相近。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读第四段尤其是第三、四句“Now think about what happens to our preparedness as the probability of something bad happening reduces. Unless we practice what hardly ever happens, our ability to respond when it does happen doesn't seem to work.”可知，越来越多的高科技可以为人类带来便利，然而这种便捷会削弱人们解决问题的能力。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段可知，本文主要介绍了人们在遇到紧急情况时会由于紧张而处理不当，因此作者建议人们要随时为可能发生的紧急情况做好准备，提高自己的危机预警意识。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】说明文、救护 (First aid)、推理判断、猜测词义
9. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) A
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。由Erika, Japan部分第三句“Our school tells us that we may not date, go to movies, leave home after the sunset or play video games without permission (允许) from school. 我们学校告诉我们不可以约会，不可以看电影，不可以日落后离开家，不可以未经学校许可玩电子游戏。”可知，在日本，学生未经许可不能打电子游戏。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。由Bill, USA部分第四句“In America, we can have part-time jobs in our free time. 在美国，我们可以在空闲时间做兼职工作。”可知，在美国，学生可以利用空闲时间做兼职。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。由Mary, China部分第三句“We have to wear school uniforms every day, and I think it is good for us because uniforms can make us look smart. 我们每天都要穿校服，我认为这对我们有好处，因为校服可以让我们看起来很聪明。”可知，Mary认为校服让学生看起来很有精神。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、规章制度 (Rules and regulations)
10. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) C
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。由第二段第五句“Capsules (舱) move through the tube. ”及常识可知，密封舱在真空管中运行，就像地铁在地下隧道中运行一样。因此ET3很像地铁。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。由第五段第五、六句“The air slows the airplanes down. Because there isn't any air in the ET3 tubes, the capsules are able to move at a very high speed.”可知，空气会减缓飞机的速度，而ET3在真空管中行驶，不存在这一问题。所以速度很快。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。由最后一段第一句“It's exciting to think of how ET3 will change the travel in the future.”可知，作者希望ET3能改变未来的旅行方式。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、科学技术 (Science and technology)、推理判断
11. 【答案】
(1) B
(2) A
(3) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。通读全文尤其是第二段第一句“As we all know, it is beneficial for teenagers to have more knowledge and understand the world better.”和最后一段最后一句“Let's hope these projects help teenagers understand more about the lives of others on the other side of the world.”可知，青少年们被鼓励去更多地了解这个世界。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段最后一句“But how can we get to know and understand people who are living in different countries better ”及最后一段第一句“Now, more and more projects have been started since then all around the world. ”可知，作者在文中主要阐述了这些能够将青少年联系起来以便使他们更好地了解这个世界的项目是如何发展起来的。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了世界上不同国家的青少年利用互联网互相了解对方、帮助对方，以便更好地了解这个世界。D项“青少年的国际社区”能概括文章大意，适合做标题。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】说明文、细节理解、最佳标题、人际交往 (Interpersonal communication)、推理判断
12. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
【解析】
(1) 此题是推理判断题。由第三段第二、三句“They found that when the men slept 10 hours, they woke up with normal levels of hormone and normal appetite. But when they slept only four hours, they had higher levels of hormone that stimulates appetite and lower levels of the hormone that signals fullness.”可知，睡眠时间短的人体内能刺激食物的激素水平较高，说明饱腹感的激素水平较低，也就是说，睡眠不足会容易发胖。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。由第三段第三句“But when they slept only four hours, they had higher levels of hormone that stimulates appetite and lower levels of the hormone that signals fullness.”及第五段“And not only were the men hungry, but also what they wanted to eat wasn't nutritious (有营养的).”可知，睡眠时间短的人会更容易感到饥饿并想吃东西。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) 此题是词义猜测题。由第三段第二、三句“They found that when the men slept 10 hours, they woke up with normal levels of hormone and normal appetite. But when they slept only four hours, they had higher levels of hormone that stimulates appetite and lower levels of the hormone that signals fullness.”可知，睡眠时长会改变人体内刺激食欲的激素水平。由此可推知，划线词应意为“改变”，与C项意思一致。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) 此题是推理判断题。通读倒数第二段尤其是最后两句“Today, it's down to seven or less. Meno says Americans might want to reconsider (重新考虑) the amount of time they sleep.”可知，美国人也许需要重新考虑睡眠时长。也就是说，目前美国人正面临肥胖的问题。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、推理判断、科普知识 (Popular science)、猜测词义
13. 【答案】
(1) D
(2) A
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。由表格第一部分第二句“ Tenth Hadith, a teenager from India, used UV to make the leaves stay fresh for a year.”可知， Tenth Hadith用UV使香蕉叶在一年内保持新鲜。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。由表格第二部分第二句“It is able to go into the smallest places, where humans or dogs can't go.”可知，David Cohen发明的蚯蚓机器人可以进入人或救生犬无法进入的最狭小的空间。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。由表格第三部分第二句中的“…reused some bicycle parts and created a washing machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at the same time.”可知，Remya Jose发明了人们节省时间的洗衣机。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】细节理解、说明文、发明与创造 (Inventions and creations)
14. 【答案】
(1) A
(2) D
(3) C
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。由第一段最后两句中的“I bought some wonderful corms to plant for next spring. But now I have no time to deal with them”可知，Miriam 担心自己没有时间播种球茎。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) 此题是细节理解题。由第五段第一句“When Miriam got back a few months later, she and I went out for dinner to celebrate her return. ”可知，作者和Miriam出去吃饭是为了庆祝她旅行归来。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是细节理解题。由倒数第三段最后一句“You planted cat poop.”可知，作者在Miriam回来后才知道自己种的是猫屎。故选C。
因此，正确答案是C。
【知识点】细节理解、记叙文、个人经历 (Personal experiences)
15. 【答案】
(1) C
(2) D
(3) B
【解析】
(1) 此题是细节理解题。由第五段第一、二句“Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. ”可知，跑鞋会增加跑步者受伤的风险是因为它们会影响人们跑步的方式。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) 此题是推理判断题。由第五、六两段尤其是第五段第一、二句及第六段第二至第四句可知，穿跑鞋的跑着者通常会脚后跟先着地，但这会给足后部施加很大压力，而跑鞋的设计恰巧解释了为什么人们会用脚后跟着地，是因为跑鞋后部通常设计得又重又大。由此可推知，许多跑鞋的设计都不合理。故选D。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) 此题是推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第五段第三、四句“But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they feel relaxed when landing and avoid hitting their heel hard.”可知，作者写本文主要是为了解释光脚跑步对跑着者的身体有好处。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
【知识点】说明文、推理判断、细节理解、研究 (Studies and researches)
同课章节目录
- 词法
- 名词
- 动词和动词短语
- 动词语态
- 动词时态
- 助动词和情态动词
- 非谓语动词
- 冠词
- 代词
- 数词和量词
- 形容词副词及其比较等级
- 介词和介词短语
- 连词和感叹词
- 构词法
- 相似、相近词比较
- 句法
- 陈述句
- 一般疑问句和否定疑问句
- 特殊疑问句及选择疑问句
- 反意疑问句
- 存在句(There be句型)
- 宾语从句
- 定语从句
- 状语从句
- 主谓一致问题
- 简单句
- 并列句
- 复合句
- 主谓一致
- 主、表语从句
- 名词性从句
- 直接引语和间接引语
- 虚拟语气
- 感叹句
- 强调句
- 倒装句
- 祈使句
- 句子的成分
- 句子的分类
- 题型专区
- 单项选择部分
- 易错题
- 完形填空
- 阅读理解
- 词汇练习
- 听说训练
- 句型转换
- 补全对话
- 短文改错
- 翻译
- 书面表达
- 任务型阅读
- 语法填空
- 其他资料